(完整)2019届高三语法专项复习：谓语动词的时态语态

谓语动词时态语态 1 谓语动词的时态&语态 时态：动作发生的时间及其当时的状态的对应叫时态。动作发生的时间不同，其状态形式就不同。 时态 构成（以do为例） 基本用法 常见的时间搭配 1.一般现在时 do/ does 表示经常发生或反复发生的动作；客观事实或普遍真理；现在或现阶段的情况或状态等。 The bus leaves at 5 o’clock.

sometimes, often, always, at…, on Sunday, every +…

2.一般过去时 did 表示过去的动作或状态、过去习惯性的动作；在时间或条件状语从句中表过去等。 He usually went to school by bike when he was a student. yesterday (morning/ afternoon/ evening), last week/ year/ week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now…

3.一般将来时 will do 表示将来发生的动作或状态。 I will ask him for help. tomorrow(morning/ afternoon/ evening), next Friday, in two weeks… 4.过去将来时 would do 常用于宾语从句或间接引语中；从过去的观点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态等。 They asked the boss if they would carry out the plan soon.

多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作

5.现在进行时 is/ am/ are + doing 表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事等。 I am doing my homework now.

now

6.过去进行时 was/ were + doing 表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作；按计划过去某时刻要发生的动作等。 I was shopping with my family.

At 8 o’clock yesterday, from 9 to 10 last evening, be doing…when…

7.现在完成时 has/ have done 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状

For, since, so far, ever, never, yet, up to now, in the past years, recently… 谓语动词时态语态 2 态。 I have made much progress in math in the last three months. 8.过去完成时 had done 表示在过去某个动作或时间前就已经发生或完成的动作，即指“过去的过去”。 I had finished the task before you called me.

before/ by+过去的时间/动作

【注】 1.动词第三人称单数的构成规则：①一般直接加-s，例want---wants；② s,x,ch,sh,o结尾，加-es，例teach---teaches；③辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i再加-es，例study---studies。 2.现在分词的构成规则：①一般直接加-ing，例study---studying；②以不发音字母e结尾，去e加-ing，例live---living；③辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾，且为重读音节时，需双写最后的辅音字母再加-ing，例begin---beginning；④以-ie结尾的词，变ie为y，再加-ing，例die---dying。 3.动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则：①一般直接加-ed，例want---wanted；②以e结尾只加-d，例live---lived；③辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i再加-ed，例study---studied；④辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾，且为重读音节时，需双写最后的辅音字母再加-ed，例stop---stopped；⑤不规则动词另记。

语态：在表示主动关系时（即主语为动作的执行者时），谓语的形式称为主动语态；不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，或者需要突出或强调动作的承受者时，就用被动语态。

时态 谓语动词的形式（以do为例） 主动 被动 1.一般现在时 do/ does is/ am/ are + done 2.一般过去时 did was/ were + done 3.一般将来时 will do will be + done 4.过去将来时 would do would be done 5.现在进行时 is/ am/ are + doing is/ am/ are + being done

6.过去进行时 was/ were + doing was/ were + being done 7.现在完成时 has/ have done has/ have been done 8.过去完成时 had done had been done

【做题方法】 1）辨明主动被动； 2）找时间状语； 3）找已有谓语动词时态； 4）注意一些特定句式的时态要求。 谓语动词时态语态 3 【基础练】 1. Light (travel) faster than sound.

2. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he (be) too busy. 3. The work (finish) in ten days. 4. He told me he (arrive) on Monday morning, but he never appeared. 5. Look! They (play) basketball on the playground. 6. I first met Tom ten years ago. He (work) in a TV factory at that time. 7. Many bridges (build) over the river since 1949. 8. When I got there, I was told that he (go) to Shanghai. By the end of last year, we (learn) at least 3,000 English words.

【提升练】 2018~2012年高考题（改编） 单句语法填空/单句改错 1. （2018 全国一，64）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ________(be) more effective at lengthening life… 2. （2018全国一卷，短文改错）During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. 3. （2018全国二卷, 61）Since 2011, the country ______________ （grow）more corn than rice. 4. （2018全国二卷, 68）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005---when the government _________________ (start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers--- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 5. （2018全国二卷, 短文改错）I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. 谓语动词时态语态 4 6. （2018全国三卷，69）when the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____________(mean) me no real harm. 7. （2018全国三卷, 短文改错）It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. 8. （2018全国三卷, 短文改错）At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.” 9. （2017全国一卷，64）When fat and salt _________________(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 10. （2017全国一卷，67）Fast food ____________ (be) full of fat and salt. 11. （2017全国一卷, 短文改错）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, but once I started the car, my goes blank. 12. （2017全国二卷，65）Steam engines ___________________(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success… 13. （2017全国二卷，68）Later, engineers ________________(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels, which became known as the Tube. 14. （2017全国二卷, 短文改错）When the summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables! 15. （2017全国三卷，63）Sarah _______________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 16. （2017全国三卷，69）But at the moment, school __________________(come) first. 17. （2017全国三卷, 短文改错）I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years. 18. （2017全国三卷, 短文改错）（改两处错误）About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.