英语专业高级英语 第一单元 哥特式建筑
哥特式建筑英文翻译
专业英语翻译第十篇——Further Reading (1): Gothic Architecture 深入阅读（1）：哥特式建筑建筑091班Gothic architecture is a style of architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture.哥特式建筑是一种兴盛于中世纪高峰和晚期的建筑风格。
哥特式建筑是从罗马建筑演变发展而来，并且成功地发展为后来的文艺复兴建筑。
Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as “the French Style”, with the term Gothic first appearing during the latter part of the Renaissance as a stylistic insult. Its characteristic features include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress.哥特式建筑发展于12世纪的法国并且持续到第十六世纪，哥特式建筑在此期间被称为“法国式”，哥特这个词第一次出现在文艺复兴后期并且带有一定的贬义色彩。
哥特式建筑的特点包括有尖券、骨架券和飞扶壁。
Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and parish churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, universities, and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings.哥德式建筑最常见于欧洲著名的大教堂、修道院和教区教堂。
英语课堂展示--哥特式建筑
The model is Wood's sister and their dentist.
Artist：Grant Wood Year：1930
It is one of the most familiar images in 20th-century American art, and has been widely parodied in American popular culture.
:
weary mood of depression , Music was icy but also with exquisite beauty , It was extreme contempt for all the traditional music.
: Filled with world-
AD
12th centur y
:
Style : darkness , horror, lonely, despair Iconic elements : witchcraft, curse, vampire, Bat, castl abyss, rose,
e,
crow,
cross.
painting
almost evil pursuit to dark depression, death aesthetics, religious complex, aestheticism . And amplifying human feelings , music is raised to Philosophical Thinking and affect people's value system.
is a non-famous film types，there is not a professional film textbook to give Gothic film a clear definition up to now , But it has already been widely recognized as a unique type of film . The establishment of Gothic film style was from Gothic literature and Gothic music. Most of Gothic film are black style which use sorrow, pain and death as topic , and ues these to analyze people`s gloomy emotional world. It is lonely, dark, noble but full of a unique seek.
高级英语第一单元词汇表
Lesson 1 The Middle Eastern Bazaar1. bazaarin areas such as the Middle East and India, a bazaar is a place where there are many small shops and stalls. 集市；市场2. particularly adv. especially 特别，尤其3. Gothic adj. 哥特式建筑的Of or in a style common in W Europe from the 12th to the 16th centuries and characterized by pointed arches, arched roofs, tall thin pillars, etc.4. arch n. 拱形An arch is a structure that is curved at the top and is supported on either side by a pillar, post, or wall.5. glare n. 炫目而令人不快的强光；怒视；恶狠狠的注视Strong unpleasant dazzling light; angry or fierce look; fixed look6. cavern n. 洞穴，大山洞Cave, esp a large or dark one7. as far as the eye can see 看不到尽头8. lose oneself in the shadowy distance 消失在远处的阴影里9. tinkle v.&n. （发出）叮铃声；叮当声；叮咚声Series of short light ringing soundse.g. the tinkle of a bell, of breaking glass, of ice being stirred in a drink, of water10. shadowy adj. shadow n. 有阴影的；模糊的；暗黑的，朦胧的full of shadows, or difficult to see because of shadows11. harmonious adj. harmony n.和谐、和睦的；音调优美的；悦耳的free from disagreement or ill feeling; sweet-sounding; tuneful12. thread one’s way through 小心地穿过或挤过go/move carefully or with difficulty through (sth)13. throng n. a large crown people 聚集的人群，一大群14. narrow vt. (cause sth to)become narrower (使某物)变窄The gap between the two parties has narrowed considerably.双方的隔阂已明显缩小In order to widen the road they had to narrow the pavement.为了拓宽道路只好将人行道弄窄。
(完整)高级英语1Unit4Oxford翻译
Unit4 牛津There are certain things in the world that are so praiseworthy that it seems a needless, indeed an almost laughable thing to praise them; such things are love and friendship, food and sleep, spring and summer; such things, too, are the wisest books, the greatest pictures, the noblest cities. But for all that I mean to try and make a little hymn in prose in honour of Oxford, a city I have seen but seldom, and which yet appears to me one of the most beautiful things in the world.此世间确有诸多凡物，它们本身便是值得人们去品味和赞誉的，譬如说爱情和友谊、美食和睡梦、春色和夏日，还有如那些注满了智慧的书卷、注满了心血的画作和注满了圣意的城邦。
也许对于这些凡物而言，再多的赞誉已无非是陈词滥调，荒唐可笑的，但我之所以还是想要对上述这些事物品味、赞誉一番，都是为了向牛津城表示我的敬意。
牛津城对我来说，就是这世间极其罕见，又最为美丽的地方之一。
I do not wish to single out particular buildings, but to praise the whole effect of the place, such as it seemed to me on a day of bright sun and cool air, when I wandered hour after hour among the streets, bewildered and almost intoxicated with beauty, feeling as a poor man might who has pinched all his life, and made the most of single coins, and who is brought into the presence of a heap of piled-up gold, and told that it is all his own.我并不想单独从牛津城里遴选出一些建筑来赞誉；我想要赞誉的是这块土地上所映射出的一种整体效果。
高级英语第一册第一课翻译与练习答案
课文翻译中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。
此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，其入口处是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门。
你首先要穿过一个赤日耀眼、灼热逼人的大型露天广场，然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。
这市场一直向前延伸，一眼望不到尽头，消失在远处的阴影里。
赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场，一些挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于这熙熙攘攘的人群中，边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当叮当的响声。
市场的路面约有十二英尺宽，但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄；那儿出售的货物各种各样，应有尽有。
你一走进市场，就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声，赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声，还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。
各种各样的噪声此伏彼起，不绝于耳，简直叫人头晕。
随后，当往市场深处走去时，人口处的喧闹声渐渐消失，眼前便是清静的布市了。
这里的泥土地面，被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的，人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了，而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。
布店的店主们一个个都是轻声轻气、慢条斯理的样子；买布的顾客们在这种沉闷压抑的气氛感染下，自然而然地也学着店主们的榜样，变得低声细语起来。
中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家，为避免相互间的竞争，不是分散在集市各处，而是都集中在一块儿，这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们，同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来，结成同盟，以便保护自己不受欺侮和刁难。
例如，在布市上，所有那1些卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边，每一个店铺门面前都摆有一张陈列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。
讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。
头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺，一边挑选一边问价；在她们缩小选择范围并开始正儿八经杀价之前，往往总要先同店主谈论几句，探探价底。
对于顾客来说，至关重要的一点是，不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的。
高级英语第一册Unit1课文
⾼级英语第⼀册Unit1课⽂Unit 1: The Middle Eastern BazaarA. Teaching Objectives (Vocabulary/ Paraphrase/ Structure/ Style/ Rhetoric)1. know the background of “Middle Eastern Bazaar”2. grasp the main idea and the theme of this essay3. master the language used in a special way in the essay4. paraphrase the difficult sentences and understand the structure of the text.5. appreciate the description writing and rhetoric skills in advanced level6. conduct a series of discussing, analyzing, presenting activities related to the theme of this essay.B. Teaching PointsI. Background informationII. Introduction to the passageIII. Text analysisIV. Rhetorical devicesV. Special difficultiesVI. Style & Type of Writing:VII. Writing Technique:I. Background Information1. Middle Eastern Countries2. Architecture of Gothic StyleII. Style & Type of writing1. Type of literature: -- a piece of objective description2. The purpose of a piece of objective description: ---to record and reproduce a true picture with opinions and emotions of the author excluded3. Ways of developing a piece of objective description: ---to begin with a brief general picture, divide the object into parts and organize the detailed description in order of spaceStructural analysisPart I. (para.1) (Th e Middle Eastern takes you back …)General atmosphere: ancient & primitive/ harmonious/ lively, active, vigorous, & healthyPart II. (paras 2 - 4) (Then as you … at intervals.)The cloth market: muted/ sepulchral/ Bargaining is the order of the day.Part III: (paras. 5 –7) (One of the most picturesque… lie beside them.)The coppersmith market and other markets: sound and light/ smell/ varied characters/ harmonious Part IV: (paras: 8-9) (Perhaps the most unforgettable…)The mill where linseed oil is extracted: the description of the mill/ Words describing soundIII. Text Analysis (Effective Writing Skills)1. making effective use of specific verbs2. using adjectives accurately3. using five human senses---vivid description of hearing, smelling, seeing, tasting and touching4. using rhetorical devices properlyIV. Rhetorical DevicesV. Special Difficulties1. The comprehension and appreciation of the words describing sound, colour, light, heat, size and smell. (identifying figures of speech)2. The appreciation of the words and expressions used for stress and exaggeration. (translating some paragraphs)3. Some useful expressions such as to make a point of, it is a point of hono ur…, and etc. (paraphrasing some sentences) VI. Writing Technique:1. from Macro to Micro2. words appealing to senses: light & heat, sound & movement, and smell & colour and taste.3. nouns, adjectives and even adverbs used as verbs: thread, round, narrow, price, live, tower and dwarf.4. words imitating sounds: onomatopoeia5. stressful and impressive sentence structures:I . Background information1. What occurs to you when the term Middle East is mentioned?veiled women/ men in robes or turbans/ copper vessels/ carpets (rug, tapestry)/ spices/ Muslins/ The mosque/ The Koran/ Allah/ Desert/ Camels/ Caravansary/ Trade caravan/ Silk Road/ mirage/ Petroleum/ desert, sandstorm, sand dust/ Gulf wars/ Jerusalem (Holy City)…/2. Middle East：A. The area around the eastern Mediterranean; from Turkey to North Africa and eastward to IranB. It is the site of such ancient civilizations as Phoenicia, Babylon, EgyptC. It is the birthplace of Judaism, Christianity and IslamRefer to Note 23. bazaar:an oriental muslin market-place where a variety of goods is sold. The bazaar played an important role in the society, which demonstrated that the handicraft economy was prosperous. People relied on that kind of economy in their daily life. It is a significant contrast to our modern society.eastern: oriental东⽅---- ant. Occidental西⽅4. Gothic: of a style of building in Europe between the 12th and 16th cs., with pointed arches, arched roofs, tall thin pillars, and stained glass windows-- Gothic architecture哥特式建筑-- Gothic novel: characterized by an atmosphere of mystery and horror and having pseudo-medieval setting哥特式⼩说.-- The first written by Mary Shelley in the 18th c.-- Frankenstein弗兰肯斯坦II．Text Analysis (Language points and examples)1. Singular us e of EYE and EAR indicates one’s power of sight and hearing/ having a due sense of/ be a good judge of. 3) The big poster caught my eye. 4) The view was pleasing to the eye.5) Keep an eye on that man. 6) Turn a blind eye/ a deaf ear to sth/sb.7) She has an ear for music (sensitive).blind in one eye ＝lose an eye / compound eyes/ the naked eye2. extend:1) Cause to cover a wider area; make larger.e.g. The car part has been extended.2) Cause to last longer.e.g. We have been to the embassy to have our visas extended.3) Hold out toward sb.e.g. I nod and extend my hand.-- Extended family: a family which extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, uncles, ants, and other relatives, who all live nearby or in one household.-- Extend: to extend one’s business/ to extend a railway/ to extend a school building/ to extend one’s power and influence into/ to extend one’s visit for a few days more/ to extend sympathy to/ to extend a warm welcome to/ to extend help to the poor/ an extended meandering river/ one’s extended residence in 3. shadowy: full of shadows1) They took a stroll along a long, shadowy, cobbled path, hand in hand.* of uncertain identity or nature2) A shadowy figure appeared through the mist.Shadow: used figuratively3) The shadow of war fell across Europe.4) Only one shadow lay over Sally's life.5) He lived in the shadow of his father.4. glare: strong, fierce, unpleasant light1) The red glare over the burning city could be seen a 100 miles away.2) One can’t keep any privacy in the full glare of publicity.3) The tropic sun glared down on us all the day.*stare angrily or fiercely at:They stood glaring at each other.5. thread one’s way: move carefully or skillfully in and out of obstacles1) She threaded her way through the tables.Make/ penetrate/ elbow/ kick/ wangle/ squeeze/ cut/ eel/ push/ head/ slash/ fight/ feel/ labor/ kneel/ kill 6. throng: a great many people assembled together (cf. crowd)1) There are always throngs of people on Tien An Men Square.2) The department store was thronged with people.3) People thronged to see the new play.(Throng differs from “crowd in that it carries a stronger implication of movement and of pushing and a weaker implication of density.)7. clear away: to remove from (as a space) all that occupies or encumbers, or that impedes or restricts use, passage or action8. conceivable: that can be conceived, imagined, thought of1) people of every conceivable: age, appearance, nationality, occupation, background, temperament; religion, taste, blood type2) buildings of every conceivable: shape, style, building material, height, size, color3) books of every conceivable: theme, style, level, size, color, price, …gardens of every conceivable ...4)（conceive / deceive / perceive / receive）9. penetrate: to enter or force a way into; to pierce.e.g.A smell of burnt branches and leaves penetrated the courtyard.院⼦⾥弥漫着⼀股树枝和树叶烧焦的⽓味。
哥特式建筑简介(英文版)
Eglise Notre-Dame du Sablon:A flamboyant gothic cathedral lying in the edge of Sablon in Brussels.
History
Revival period: Began in 1740’s in England. During the Revival the gothic style was used for its picturesque and romantic qualities instead of its structural possibilities or original functions.
（威斯敏斯特大教堂）
Salisbury Cathedral
（索尔兹伯里主教堂）
Germany
Cologne Cathedral（科隆主教堂）:the
third highest cathedral in the bining grandness and exquisite,it is known as the perfect model of cathedrals.
Characteristics
The stained glass creates a mysterious but brilliant scene, which expresses people’s longing for heaven.
Fdral（巴黎圣母院）： Many novels,movies and music dramas are named after it.
Characteristics
Pointed Arch is simply known as the Gothic arch and was reconstructed from cylindrical vault（圆筒形 拱顶） of Roman Architecture. There are four stones at the end of the arch supporting the power from the top so that the height and the span of the arch can be made as large and high as possible. It is interesting to note that architects of the modern world believe that the pointed arch was actually the result of an attempt to hide technical flaws.
高级英语第一单元翻译
高级英语第一册课文翻译及词汇第一课中东的集市中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。
此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，其入口处是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门。
你首先要穿过一个赤日耀眼、灼热逼人的大型露天广场，然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。
这市场一直向前延伸，一眼望不到尽头，消失在远处的阴影里。
赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场，一些挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于这熙熙攘攘的人群中，边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当叮当的响声。
市场的路面约有十二英尺宽，但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄；那儿出售的货物各种各样，应有尽有。
你一走进市场，就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声，赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声，还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。
各种各样的噪声此伏彼起，不绝于耳，简直叫人头晕。
随后，当往市场深处走去时，人口处的喧闹声渐渐消失，眼前便是清静的布市了。
这里的泥土地面，被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的，人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了，而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。
布店的店主们一个个都是轻声轻气、慢条斯理的样子；买布的顾客们在这种沉闷压抑的气氛感染下，自然而然地也学着店主们的榜样，变得低声细语起来。
中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家，为避免相互间的竞争，不是分散在集市各处，而是都集中在一块儿，这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们，同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来，结成同盟，以便保护自己不受欺侮和刁难。
例如，在布市上，所有那 1些卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边，每一个店铺门面前都摆有一张陈列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。
讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。
头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺，一边挑选一边问价；在她们缩小选择范围并开始正儿八经杀价之前，往往总要先同店主谈论几句，探探价底。
对于顾客来说，至关重要的一点是，不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的。
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Gothic style in modern achitecture
Britian Council Tom style spire
Gothic style in Mid-East
• 欧洲中世纪建筑，以哥特式（Gothic)建筑 为突出代表。哥特式建筑是11世纪下半叶 起源于法国, 并且大范围应用于各种大小型 教堂. 这些教堂的圣坛都向东，朝向中东耶 路撒冷的圣墓，因而大门一律朝西。这种 建筑形式后来一度影响到中东的教堂甚至 是一般建筑也有应用.
Gothic Achitecture
The origination of Gothic Style
• Noting or pertaining to a style of architecture originating in France in the middle of the 12th century and existing in the western half of Europe through the middle of the 16th century, characterized by the use of the pointed arch and the ribbed vault, by the use of fine woodwork and stonework, by a progressive lightening of structure, and by the use of such features as flying buttresses, ornamental gables, crockets, and foils.
Flying Buttress
• A flying buttress is a specific form of buttressing most strongly associated with Gothic church architecture. The purpose of any buttress is to resist the lateral forces pushing a wall outwards (which may arise from stone vaulted ceilings or from wind-loading on roofs) by redirecting them to the ground.
The First Gothic style architecture Basilica of St Denis
• A large medieval abbey church in the commune of SaintDenis, now a northern suburb of Paris. • Abbot Suger rebuilt portions of the abbey church using first truly Gothic style
The Rib Vault
• The intersection of two or three barrel vaults produces a rib vault or ribbed vault when they are edged with an armature of piped masonry often carved in decorative patterns; compare groin vault, an older form of vault construction.
The Rose Window
• Which is often used as a generic term applied to a circular window, but is especially used for those found in churches of the Gothic architectural style and being divided into segments by stone mullions and tracery.
The Gothic Spire
• A spire is a tapering conical or pyramidal structure on the top of a building, particularly a church tower. Etymologically, the word is derived from the Old English word spir, meaning a sprout, shoot, or stalk of grass.
Vocabulary
• Basilica 长方形的教堂 • Cathedral 公墓/天主 教大教堂[美] • Church 普通教堂 • Chapel 附属于大教堂 的小教堂 • Abbey 大修道院 • Medieval 中世纪的 Pyramidal 锥形的 Conical 圆锥形的 Taper 逐渐变细的 Ornamental 装饰性的/ 观赏植物 • Segment [建]扇形齿轮 /线段 • Groin [建]穹窿 • • • •
The special features of Gothic Architecture
• • • • • • Rose Window--------------玫瑰窗 Gothic Spire----------------尖肋拱顶 Flying Buttress------------飞扶壁 Rib vault---------------------十字天花板平面 Coloum----------------------束柱 Crocket----------------------浮雕
Coloum
Crocket
• A crocket is a hookshaped decorative element common in Gothic architecture. It is in the form of a stylised carving of curled leaves, buds or flowers which is used at regular intervals to decorate the sloping edges of spires, finials, pinnacles, and wimpergs.