高三英语构词法II

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高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全:专题01 构词法

高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全:专题01  构词法

专题01 构词法高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。

总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

【考点详解】【命题解读】分析近三年年高考卷,仅在语法填空中涉及到构词法中的就有两到三个小题。

可知,近年高考越来越注重对构词法的考查。

通过引导学生掌握构词法,分析词的组成,有助于学生提高词汇的分析能力,扩大词汇量。

此外,利用构词法还有助于记住单词的形、义和词性,避免出现拼写的错误,提高综合能力。

【考点预测】预计2023年高考将侧重考查词性的转换,命题侧重对名词、形容词、副词的转换的考查。

【复习建议】1.掌握派生法、合成法、转化法2.侧重培养通过语境上下文的推理判断词性的能力3.注重词汇积累考点一(派生法)派生法就是由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。

词根是派生词的基础,而词缀起到决定派生词的词汇意义和语法属性的作用。

(一)形容词的后缀和前缀1. 名词+-cial--形容词benefit--beneficial 有益的office--official 官方的face--facial 面部的race--racial 种族的finance--financial 金融的society--social 社会的【典例剖析】(2022全国卷乙卷) l provide ___________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.【答案】financial【解析】设空处后面有名词aid,充当provide的宾语,故修饰名词应当使用形容词作定语。

2023年统考版高考英语总复习语法部分专题二需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词第五讲 构词法

2023年统考版高考英语总复习语法部分专题二需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词第五讲 构词法

第五讲构词法高考感悟真题体验1.[2021·浙江6月卷] In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser,who performed their _________ (marry)ceremony in 1842.2.[2021·全国乙卷]It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler tobecome _________(educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _________ (develop) of the local areas.3.[2020·北京卷]Because of the confidence she inspired in me,I've carved out a _________ (success) profession as a journalist.4.[2020·北京卷]Oliver says if you're _________ (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking,ask them if/whether you can join in when it's possible.●考点研析多维讲练●考点一名词的构词规律★★★★★1.动词变名词的后缀(1)-al表示人、物、行为、状态(特殊:去e+-al)approve 赞成→approval 赞成survive 幸存→survival 幸存arrive 到达→arrival 到达;到达者;到来物refuse 拒绝→refusal 拒绝propose 提议→proposal 提议;建议(2)-ance/-ence表示性质、状态或行为appear 出现→appearance 出现;外貌perform 表演→performance 表演exist 存在→existence 存在prefer 较喜欢→preference 偏爱refer 参考;查阅→reference 参考;查阅depend 依靠→dependence 依赖;依靠guide 指引→guidance 引导;指导(3)-ion/-tion/-ation表示状态或行为direct 指挥;指导→direction 方向;指导expect 期待→expectation 期待;期望explain 解释→explanation 解释invite 邀请→invitation 邀请;请柬solve 解决→solution 解决compete 竞争→competition 比赛;竞争pronounce 发音→pronunciation 发音describe 描述→description 描写repeat 重复→repetition 重复(4)-s(s)ion表示行为或状态discuss 讨论→discussion 讨论admit 承认→admission 承认;准许加入decide 决定→decision 决定(5)-ing具有……(特征)的hear 听→hearing 听力;听觉listen 听→listening 听;听力begin 开始→beginning 开始部分(6)-ment表示行为、结果等achieve 达到;完成→achievement 成就develop 发展→development 发展(去e)argue 争论→argument 争论;论据(7)-ure/-ture表示行为或状态fail 失败→failure 失败press 压;挤→pressure 压力mix 混合→mixture 混合物expose 暴露→exposure 面临;暴露(8)-y表示……的动作(或过程)recover 恢复→recovery 恢复;痊愈discover 发现→discovery 发现(9)其他常见变化:choose 选择→choice 选择vary 相异→variety 多样化;品种tend 倾向→tendency 趋向;趋势grow 生长→growth 生长marry 结婚→marriage 婚姻carry 搬→carriage 客车厢;运输pack 收拾(行李)→package 包;盒post 邮寄→postage 邮资;邮费store 贮存→storage 贮存2.形容词变名词的后缀(1)-cy表示性质、状态fluent 流利→fluency 流利;流畅accurate 准确的→accuracy 准确(性) private 私有的→privacy 隐私efficient 效率高的→efficiency 效率(2)-dom表示地位、状况等free 自由的→freedom 自由wise 明智的→wisdom 智慧(3)-ness表示性质、状态dark黑的→darkness 黑暗weak 虚弱的→weakness 虚弱kind 友好的→kindness 善良cold 寒冷的→coldness 冷淡;冷漠aware 知道的;意识到的→awareness 知道;意识(4)-th表示结果、过程、性质、状态warm 温暖的→warmth 温暖true 真的→truth 真相deep 深的→depth 深(度)strong 强壮的→strength 力量long 长的→length 长度wide 宽的→width 宽度(5)-y/-ity表示性质或状态difficult 困难的→difficulty 困难honest 诚实的→honesty 诚实safe 安全的→safety 安全cruel 残忍的→cruelty 残忍responsible 负责的→responsibility 责任(6)-ent变为-ence,-ant变为-ance,-nd变为-nsedifferent 不同的→difference 不同(之处)silent 沉默的;不说话的→silence 寂静respond 回应→response 响应patient有耐心的→patience 耐心absent缺席的→absence 缺席present 出席的→presence 出席confident 自信的→confidence 信心convenient方便的→convenience 便利important重要的→importance 重要(性)defend防御;保卫→defense/defence 防御;保护◎即学即练(单句语法填空)1.[2022·山东省泰安市模拟] In the eyes of the Yi people,fire is the symbol of light,whichis believed to have the ability to drive away insects and pests and protect the _________ (grow) of crops.2.[2022·南昌二中、河南省实验中学联考] This _________ (achieve) marks that China hasreached the first great breakthrough on the path to full-scale quantum computing—a quantum computational advantage,also known as “quantum supremacy”.3.[2022·银川市考前适应性训练]“The new robotic arms cost no more than 1,000 yuan,”said Chen Xiaoping,_________ (direct) of the Robotics Laboratory at USTC,adding that this gives them an advantage for much wider application.4.[2022·湖南长郡中学二模] Chinese people are proud of their food. However,whenforeigners like Britons think of Chinese food,their _________ (impress) of it is different to what you might think.考点二形容词和副词的词形转换★★★★★1.形容词的构词规律提示如何区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词解决此类问题有两个切入点:第一,看语境表示的是“令人……”(-ing),还是“感到……”(-ed);第二,看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing),还是感受(-ed)。

Unit2 Grammar 构词法课件-高中英语外研版(2019)必修第一册

Unit2 Grammar 构词法课件-高中英语外研版(2019)必修第一册
• ad= advertisement
• lab= laboratory • phone= telephone
Can you think of more examples of each type?
2. Conversion 转类法
定义:把一种词性转化为另一种词性,词形不变。
The meaning can be inferred (推断) !
□ combining two or more words
pineapple, hamburger, eggplant, seasick, airsick, carsick, homesick, homework, housework, five-year-old, sunshine
common methods of word formation (常见构词法)
□d abbreviating □c changing the part of speech □b adding a prefix or suffix □a combining two or more words
Look for more examples of each type in the reading passage.
□ abbreviating
IT, US
□ changing the part of speech
“it’s snowing”
□ adding a prefix or suffix
sculpture, painting, hardly, softly, harmless/harmful, shameless/shameful, invisible, medical, madness, creativity

高中英语单词构词法(完整版)

高中英语单词构词法(完整版)

高中英语单词构词法郭会清整理编写1.词干(Stem)acu 尖≈sharp【例词】acute敏锐的,尖锐的;acumem敏锐,聪明;acupuncture针灸alti 高≈high【例词】altitude高度;altimeter高度计;exalt提高,提升ambula 行走≈walk【例词】ambulance救护车;ambulant流动的;ambulate行走,移动ann 年≈year【例词】anniversary周年纪念;annual每年的;annals编年史anthro 人≈man【例词】anthropoid似人类的,类人猿;anthropology人类学;anthroposociology人类社会学arch 统治≈ruler【例词】monarch君主;anarchism无政府主义;patriarch家长,族长aster,astr 星≈star【例词】astrology占星术;astronomy天文学;asterisk星号,星标audi 听≈hearing【例词】audience听众;audible听得见的audiphone助听器auto 自己≈self【例词】automation自动化;autobiography自传;autosuggestion自我暗示bio 生命≈life【例词】biology生物学;biography传记;biocide杀虫剂brevi 缩短≈short【例词】brief简短的;brevity简洁;abbreviate缩写capit 头,首要≈head【例词】capital首都;decapitate斩首;capitation人头税,按人收费【删除红字】ced 走,移动≈go, ;【删除;】move【例词】recede后退,引退;unprecedented史无前例的;precede先行,居先cess 走,移动≈go,move【例词】access通路;process进展chron 时间≈time【例词】chronology年表,年代学;chronic慢性的;synchronal同步的,同时发生的cide 杀,切≈kill,cut【例词】suicide自杀;insecticide杀虫剂;bactericide杀菌剂confid 相信≈trust【例词】confidence信心;confident有信心的;confidential秘密的,机密的cord 同心,和谐≈heart【例词】accordance一致,调和;concord协调,同意;discord不和,不一致cred 相信≈trust,belief【例词】credit信用,信任;incredible难以置信的;credulous轻信的cur 跑,动≈run,move【例词】current潮流;excurse远足,旅行;incursion入侵,进入cycl 圆,轮≈circle,wheel【例词】bicycle自行车;tricycle三轮车;hemicycle半圆的dic,dict 说≈s ay,speak【例词】indicate指示,暗示;dictate口授;【加】diction措词domin 统治≈rule,control【例词】dominate主宰;indomitable不屈不挠的duce,duct 引导,带走≈lead,take【例词】introduce介绍;induce引诱;【加】conduct指导equ 相同≈same,equal【例词】equality平等;equivalence对应物;【加】equator赤道faci 容易≈easy【例词】facile易得到的,不花力气的;facilitate使...容易fact 做≈make,do【例词】manufacture制造;factory工厂;enefactor恩人,施恩者fer 搬运,带来≈carry,bring【例词】ferry轮渡;transfer搬运,转移;interfere干预fin 限制≈end,limit【例词】finalize使...了结;infinite无限的;define限定,下定义flect,flex 弯≈bend【例词】reflect反射,反映;flexible易弯曲的;reflexctor反射镜flu 流动≈flow【例词】influence影响;fluent流利;fluid流动的,液,流体form 形状≈shap【例词】reform改革;conform符合frag 打破≈break【例词】fragile易碎的;fragment碎片;fracture骨折gen 生产≈produce【例词】generate产生;genetics遗传学;genesis起源,创始geo 土地,地球≈land,earth【例词】geology地理学;geometry几何学;geocide地球末日grad 走≈go,step【例词】graduate毕业;gradual逐步的;degrade退化,堕落graph,gram 写≈write,writing【例词】telegraph电报;program节目,说明书;diagram图表grate,grati 感谢≈thanks【例词】grateful衷心感谢的;gratitude感谢grav 重,严肃≈heavy,serious【例词】gravity重力,严重性;grave严重的;gravimeter比重计,测重器gress 走,行走≈go,walk【例词】progress进步;aggressive侵略的;congress会议herb 草≈grass【例词】herbal草本植物的,草药书;herby长满草的,似草的humid 湿≈wet【例词】humidity湿度,湿气;humidify使湿润hydr 水,液体≈water,liquid【例词】hydroelectric水电的;hydroplane水上飞机;hydrospace海洋世界ject 抛≈throw【例词】eject喷射,逐出;inject注射;reject拒绝;【删除;】just,ur 正义,公严≈just【例词】justify证明正确; jurist法学家;【位置调换】jury陪审团juven 年轻≈young【例词】juvenile青少年;rejuvenate(使)返老还童;juvenilia少年文艺读物labor 工作≈work【例词】laborious费力的;collaborate合作,协作later 边际,派别≈side,party【例词】bilateral双边的;unilateral单方的;equilateral等边的leg 法律≈law【例词】legislate立法;illegitimate非法的;legislature立法机关literat 文字≈letter【例词】literature文学;illiterate文盲;semiliterate半文盲的loc 位于,位置≈place【例词】location地点;allocate分配;localism地方主义lumi 轻,亮≈light,bright【例词】illuminate照明;illuminance照明度;luminary发光体,杰出人物magni 大≈big, great【例词】manufacture生产,加工;manage管理;manuscript手稿man(u) 操作≈hand【例词】manufacture生产,加工;manage管理;manuscript手稿mar 海洋≈sea【例词】submarine潜艇;maritime海事的,海运的;mariner海员meter,metri 测量,度量≈measure【例词】thermemeter温度计; 【删除;】;altimeter高度计mit,miss 发送≈send【例词】emit放射;vomit呕吐;transmission播送,传送mort 死亡≈death【例词】mortal致命的;immortal不朽的;postmortem死后的nomin 命名≈name【例词】nominal名义上;nominate提名;innominate无名的,匿名的nounce 声称≈proclaim【例词】pronounce发音;denounce公开指责ortho 直达,正确≈straight,correct【例词】orthodox正统的;orthopaedy矫正术pater,patr 父≈father【例词】paternal父亲般的;patriarch(男性)族长;patricide弑父,杀父者pathy 同情≈feeling【例词】sympathy同情;antipathy反感;empathy移情ped 脚≈foot【例词】pedestrain行人;expedition远征(队);pedal足的,踏板pel,pulse 推,驱动≈push,drive【例词】expel驱逐;impulse冲动;dispel驱散pend,pens 用尽,垂直≈useup【分开use up,】, hang【例词】expense花费;expenditure开支;suspend悬浮,使悬而未决phon 声音≈sound【例词】headphone耳机;symphony交响乐;microphone麦克风plic 折叠≈fold【例词】duplicate二倍的,副本;complication综合症,并发症,复杂;implicit含蓄的port 扛,搬≈carry【例词】porter脚夫;export出口;passport护照pose 放置≈put,place【例词】propose建议;dispose处理;expose使暴露,揭发prim 起初≈initial,first【例词】primary初级的;primitive原始的;prime首要的,最初的psych 心理≈mind【例词】psychology心理学;psychoanalysis心理分析pulse,pel 推,驱≈push,drive【例词】expel驱逐;impulse冲动;dispel驱散punct 指≈point【例词】punctuate加标点;acupuncture针灸;punctual准时的,精确的rupt 打破≈break【例词】corruption腐败;interrupt打断;bankrupt破产scope 观察设备≈instrument for observing【例词】microscope显微镜;telescope望远镜scop 看≈see,look at【例词】microscopic微观的;macroscopic宏观的scribe,script 写≈write,writing, look at【例词】describe描述;prescription处方sens,sent 感觉,感性≈sense,feeling【例词】sentimental多愁善感的;sensitivity灵敏度;consent赞同sequ 跟从≈follow【例词】consequence后果;sequence次序;sequel结局,续集simil 像≈like【例词】similarity共性;simile明喻;similar类似的sol 单独≈alone【例词】sole唯一的;solitary单独的;soliloquy独白soph 智慧≈wise【例词】philosopher哲学家;sophisticated老练的;pansophic无所不知的spec(t) 看≈see,look at【例词】inspect视察;expect盼望;retrospect回顾;suspect怀疑;prospect展望;respect 尊敬spir 呼吸≈breathe【例词】respiration呼吸;perspire出汗;expire死亡断气struct 建设≈build【例词】constructive富有建设性的;superstructure上层建筑;destruction毁灭stup 静止的≈be motionless【例词】stupid愚蠢;stupefy使麻木,使呆若木鸡;stupor昏迷,麻木sum 用完,占用≈use up【分开】,take【例词】consumption消费;assume自以为;resume继续进行tain 掌握≈hold【例词】maintain维持;attain获得;abstain放弃,戒,禁the(o) 神≈god【例词】theology神学;theist有神论者;atheism无神论thermo 热≈heat【例词】thermometer温度计;thermonuclear热核的;thermos热水瓶tract 拖,拉≈draw【例词】tractor拽引机,拖拉机;attract吸引;【加】distract分散vent 来≈come【例词】advent来到,出现;convention会议;contravention违反,抵触verb 词≈word【例词】verbal词语的,动词的;hyperverbal说话太多的vert,vers 转变≈turn【例词】convert转移;version译本;subvert推翻,颠覆vid,vis 看≈see【例词】vision视力,视觉;invisible看不见的;visibility能见度viv 活着的≈life【例词】vivid生动的;revive复活;survive幸存,逃生voc,vok 召唤,声音≈call,voice【例词】evoke唤起,召唤;advocate倡议,倡导;vocalist歌唱家,声乐家volv 滚动≈roll【例词】revolver左轮手枪,转炉;revolution革命;evolve进化,演化亿新教育(下载更多英语学习资料)2.前缀(Prefixes)a,an-无,不,非,含有in,on,at,by,with,to等意义【例词】astable不稳定的;acentric无中心的;asleep在熟睡中;ahead向前ab- 脱离【例词】abnormal不正常的;abaxial离开轴心的anti- 反抗【例词】antiwar反战的;anti-imperialist反帝的【加-】auto- 自动,自己【例词】autobiography自传;autostable自动稳定be- 使…加强【例词】belittle使缩小;befriend友好相待bi- 二,双【例词】biweekly双周刊;biligual两种语言的co,col,com,con,cor- 共同【例词】cooperation协作;collaboration协作,勾结;combine联合;correlation相互关系counter,contra- 反,对应【例词】counteraction反作用;contrast对比,对照di,dif,dis- 否定,相反【例词】diffident不自信的;dislike不喜欢en,em- 使…【例词】enlarge扩大;enable使…能;empower使…有权力e,ex- 外,出【例词】external外部的;erupt喷出extra- 以外,超过【例词】extraordinary格外的;extrasolar太阳系以外的hyper- 在上,超【例词】hyperfrequency超高频;hypersonic超声的il,im,in,ir- 否定【例词】illogical不合逻辑的;impossible不可能的;invisible不可见的;irrational不合理的inter- 互相【例词】interchange交换;interlock连锁intra,intro- 在内,内部【例词】intrapersonal个人内心的;introspect内省mal- 恶,不良【例词】maltreat虐待;malfunction机能失常trans- 转换,变换,横过,越过【例词】transmit传送;transatlantic横渡大西洋的micro- 微【例词】microscrope显微镜;microware微波mid- 中,中间【例词】mid air半空中;midstream中流mini- 小【例词】minibus小公共汽车;ministate小国mis- 错,坏【例词】mistake错误;misspell拼错multi- 多【例词】multiparty多党的;multilingual多种语言的non- 否定【例词】nonsmoker不抽烟的人;nonexistent不存在的out- 超过,过度,外,出,除去【例词】outgo走得比…远outgrow长得太大;outdoor户外的;outroot除根over- 上,过度【例词】overwork工作过度;overbridge天桥pre- 前,领先【例词】prewar战前的;prefix前缀post- 后【例词】postwar战后;postnatal诞生后的re- 回,再【例词】return返回;restart重新开始semi- 半【例词】semicircle半圆;semiconductor半导体sub,suc,suf,sup- 次,亚,在下,低于【例词】substandard低于标准规格的;succeed继承;suffix后缀;supplement 增补tri- 三【例词】tricar三轮车;triangle三角(形)under-下,内(衣),不足【例词】underground地下的;underskirt衬裙;underpay付资不足uni- 单一【例词】uniform均匀的;unipolar单极的un- 否定【例词】unstable不稳定的;unknown未知的亿新教育(下载更多英语学习资料)3.后缀(Suffixes)-able ≈inclined to be,likely to be done有…倾向【例词】acceptable可接受的;readable可读(认)的;adaptable 可适应的-age ≈the action,result or state of表状态,结果,行为【例词】shortage缺乏,短缺;reportage报告文学;parentage 出身,门第-al ≈inclined to be,connected with,pertaining to有…倾向【例词】colonial殖民的;natural自然的;political政治的-al ≈the action of,the person of表状态,结果,行为【例词】refusal拒绝;proposal建议;approval认可;criminal 犯罪分子;rival竞争者;arrival到达者-ance,ence 表状态,行为,性质【例词】importance重要性;confidence自信-ancy,ency 表状态,行为,性质【例词】constancy一惯性;urgency紧迫性-ar,eer,er,ier,-ur ≈doer,device for【分开】表示人,物【例词】career事业,生涯【加】-ant,ent 表人,物,行为【例词】applicant申请人;correspondent通信者-arian表各种年龄,派别,主义,职业的人【例词】humanitarian人道主义的;utilitarian功利主义者-crat支持,参与者【例词】democrat民主人士;bureaucrat官僚-ation,tion,ion n.【删除n.】≈action of,process of【例词】condition条件【加】-dom表性质,状态,行为【例词】freedom自由;wisdom智慧-hood ≈condition,state条件,状态【例词】childhood儿童期;brotherhood手足之情;bachelorhood独身生活-ed ≈filled with,having the characteristics of.,done by充满,表…特征,被【例词】spirited(heated) argument热烈的讨论; 【加;】honeyed word甜言蜜语;distracted心情纷乱-ee ≈one who receives被动接受者【例词】testee考生,被测验者;trainee运动员,受训练的人;payee受款人-eer,-er,-ar,ier,-ur ≈doer,device for行为人,物【例词】fighter战士,战斗机radar雷达; 【加;】pioneer先锋队员-en 使变成【例词】harden使硬;shorten使短-en 有…质的,似…的【例词】golden金色的;woolen毛的-ence,ance表状态,行为,性质【例词】importance重要性;confidence自信-ency,ancy表状态,行为,性质【例词】constancy一惯性;urgency紧迫性-ent,ant表人,物,行为【例词】applicant申请人;correspondent通信者-ess,ine ≈female女性的【加】-er,-eer,--ar,-ur,ier ≈doer,device for行为人,物【例词】fighter战士,战斗机;radar雷达;pioneer先锋队员-er,or表人,物【例词】singer歌唱家;survivor幸存者;【加;】fighter战士,战斗机;radar雷达;pioneer先锋队员-ery 表性质,行为,活动地点,状态【例词】nursery托儿所;robbery掠夺;slavery奴隶身份-ese 某国(地)的,某国(地)的人及语言【例词】Chinese中国人(汉语);Portuguese葡萄牙人(语)-eous,ous,ious充满…的【例词】dangerous危险的;famous著名的;advantageous有优势的,有利的;mysterious 神秘的-ful ≈full of充满【例词】handful一把,一撮;mouthful一口;cupful一满杯-fy ≈make,reinforce使,加强【例词】intensify强化,加强purify;净化;clarify澄清-ic,ical ≈relating to,resembling相关,相似【例词】scenic风景的geometric几何的; 【加;】geographical地理的ical,–ic ≈relating to,resembling相关,相似【例词】scenic风景的;geometric几何的;geographical;【删;】地理的-ier,ar,er,eer,ur ≈doer,device for人,物【例词】fighter战士,战斗机;radar雷达;pioneer先锋队员ify 使成…,使…化【例词】magnify放大;purify提纯-ile ≈likely to be倾向于【例词】hostile敌意的;fragile易碎的;versatile多才多艺的-ility ≈qualityof表性质【例词】feasibility可行的;servility奴性,卑屈;mobility易动的-ine,-ess ≈female表女性【例词】actress女演员;heroine女英雄;mayoress女市长-ing ≈having the quality of表性质【例词】disturbing令人不安的;surprising令人吃惊的;encouraging振奋人心的-ion,ation,tion ≈action of,process of行为,过程【例词】indication指示;relaxation放松;perfection完美无缺-ious,-ous ≈ having the quality of表性质【例词】dangerous危险的【加】-ish ≈having the quality of表性质【例词】childish幼稚的;bookish书生气的;devilish魔鬼似的-ism ≈doctrine,belief教条,信仰【例词】capitalism资本主义;adventurism冒险主义;opportunism机会主义-ist ≈believer in,expert of信仰者,专家【例词】romanticist浪漫主义作家;economist经济学家;nationalist民族主义者-istic ≈full of充满【例词】realistic现实的;artistic艺术的;humanistic人道的ity 表行为,性质,状态【例词】unity团结一致;maturity成熟性ize,ise,yze,yse 以…方式对待,…化【例词】realize实现;analyze分析;modernize现代化-ive ≈inclined to,having the quality of倾向于,表性质【例词】instructive有教育意义的;offensive进攻性的;constructive建设性的-ize ≈make or cause to become引起变化【例词】realize实;organize组织;popularize普及,推广;finalize使...了结;economize节省,节约;industrialize工业化-less ≈without没有【例词】jobless失业的;tireless不倦的;countless数不清的;fearless无畏的;useless无用的-let ≈little小【例词】booklet小册子;leaflet传单;townlet小镇;houselet小房子-like ≈having the quality of表性质【例词】childlike孩子般的;warlike好战的;businesslike事务式的,有条理的-ment ≈result of,agency of,state of表结果,状态【例词】improvement改良,进步;government政府;disappointment失望-ness ≈condition or quality of being,性质,行为,活动地点【例词】eagerness渴望;carelessness粗心;emptiness 空洞,空虚-ology,-logy ≈study of学科【例词】sociology社会学;ecology生态学;methodology方法论-or,er表人,物【例词】singer歌唱家;survivor幸存者-ous,-ious having the quality of表性质【例词】famous著名的;advantageous有优势的,有利的;mysterious 神秘的-ship ≈state of表状态【例词】friendship友谊;partnership合作伙伴;fellowship交情,伙伴关系-some ≈full of充满【例词】burdensome累赘的,沉重的;troublesome麻烦的;laboursome费力的-ster 表示人【例词】youngster年轻人;gangster歹徒-tion,ation,ion ≈action of,process of行为,过程【例词】modernization 现代化【加】-ty ≈conditi on of being表示条件【例词】security保险;safety安全;loyalty忠诚-ur,er,ar,eer,ier ≈doer,device for表人,物【例词】behaviour 行为【加】-ure ≈act or fact of result of being表行为,结果【例词】culture培养;failure失败;closure圈地ward(s) 表方向【例词】upward(s)向上;outward(s)向外-y ≈full of充满【例词】clumsy笨拙的;tricky狡猾的;hairy毛茸茸的-yze,yse,ize,ise 以…方式对待,…化【例词】realize实现;analyze分析;modernize现代化。

高考英语二轮语法巩固-《构词法》专题讲练(含答案)

高考英语二轮语法巩固-《构词法》专题讲练(含答案)

高考英语二轮语法巩固-《构词法》专题讲练【正误比对】词性的误用(1)【误】You'd better take account of your able accurately before attempting to do such a business.【正】You'd better take account of your ability accurately before attempting to do such a business.[分析] able改为ability。

根据your可知此处应用名词ability,表示“能力”。

句意:你最好在尝试做这笔生意前准确地考虑一下自己的能力。

(2)【误】I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. Unfortunate, I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.【正】I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. Unfortunately,I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.[分析] Unfortunate改为Unfortunately。

修饰整个句子作状语应用副词,根据句意可知应表示“不幸的是”,故将Unfortunate改为Unfortunately。

(3)【误】Excellent oral and written communication skills in Chinese and English are of important.【正】Excellent oral and written communication skills in Chinese and English are of importance.[分析] important改为importance。

高三英语四种构词法

高三英语四种构词法
impossible, immoral, irregular mis- misunderstand mislead non- nonsense un- unable, unemployment anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeigner,(排外的)
2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀
1) a- 表示“在……之上”,“向……” aboard, aside,
2) by- 表示“附近,邻近,边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路)
3) inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间,相互” international, interaction, internet
4) mid-, 表示“中,中间” midnight, mid-autumn
二、转化:
由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性.
(1) 动词 名词: taste (v.) taste (n.)
It tastes good.
It has a good taste. (2) 名词 动词: hand (n.)
hand (v.)
Let’s go hand in hand.
Please hand in your exercise books after class. (3) 形容词 动词: clean (adj.) clean (v.)
一、合成
2. 合成动词: 副词+动词 overthrow uphold 形容词+动词 blacklist whitewash 名词+动词 sleepwalk sunburn
3. 合成形容词: 名词+形容词 snow-white lifelong 名词+过去分词 man-made hand made 数词+名词 one-way second-hand …….

2021届高三英语一轮复习词法复习 构词法2

2021届高三英语一轮复习词法复习 构词法2
master + piece = masterpiece 杰作;名著;代表作(合成名词)
eggplant
资料
pineapple
资料
hamburger
Step 3: Knowledge learning
Abbreviation 缩写
用单词或短语的部分内容指代整体。
Step 3: Knowledge learning
目前,现在 n.
礼物
at present 目前,现在
present
v. 颁发;授予;赠送
present a gift 赠送礼物
资料
adj.
合成单词
1. 目前的;现存的
present-day adj. 现在的 2. 现场的;出席的
presentation n. 赠送;授予
Step 3: Knowledge learning
UNESCO = United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织
5. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. (2017 年江苏卷) UN = United Nations 联合国
名词+形容词 名词+现在分词 名词+过去分词
形容词+名词 形容词+现在分词 形容词+过去分词
副词+现在分词 副词+过去分词
介词+名词
其他合成词
every 每个+ one 一 = everyone 每人 through 穿过+ out 出来= throughout 遍及

高中英语构词法小结 2

高中英语构词法小结 2
calm(adj.)镇定的→calm(v.)使镇定
动词转化为名词
take awalkhave alookhave atrypay avisit
形容词转化为名词
good(adj.)好的→good(n.)益处native(adj.)本地的→native(n.)本地人
情态动词转化为名词
will(情态动词)将,要,会→will(n.)意志,决心,遗嘱
economic political
-ish(稍/略……,似……的,关于……国家的)
British selfish childish
-ive(有……性质的,有……倾向的)
attractive native creative
-less(无,不)
careless useless
-ly(像……的,有……性质的)
centimeter centigram厘克
mili-(毫,钱分之一)
millimeter milligram
a-(构成形容词、副词)
asleep alone
auto-(自己的,自动的)
automobile机动车
2、词的后缀
名词
后缀
例词
-an/-ian(人,家)
American musician
-tion(-ation) (-sion) (动作、状态)
fighter actor cooker
-ess(女性)
actress waitress
-ism(主义,……教)
communism Buddhism
-ist(主义者,家)
dentist physicist
-ment(表行为、结果、状态、物件机构等)
argument government
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构词法II(word formation)
合成法
合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新词的构词法。

有的可以直接写在一起构成一个新单词,还有的在词与词之间用连字符“-”构成一个新单词,把这个词通常叫做复合词。

记住常见的复合词的构成方式是掌握合成法的关键,现就常见的复合词的构成方式分类举例并归纳如下:
1.名词的合成词:
(1)名词+名词:classroom(教室),airport(飞机场)eyesight(视力)
(2)形容词+名词: deadline(最后期限), highway 高速公路
expressway(高速公路), blackboard
(3)副词+名词: overburden(过重的负担), underclothes( 内衣)
(4)动词+名词: driveway(车道), breakwater(防浪堤), pickpocket(扒手)
(5)名词+动词: daybreak(拂晓), haircut, heartbeat, headache
(6)名词+动词的- ing 形式: sightseeing(观光), handwriting
2.形容词合成词:
(1)名词+形容词: home-sick(想家的), large-scale大规模的
(2)名词+动词-ing: peace- loving (爱好和平的), time- saving(节省时间的)
(3)名词+动词的过去分词: heartfelt(衷心的), homemad(国产的,
(4)副词+现在分词: good-looking, hardworking,outstanding,
(5)形容词/副词+过去分词: widespread(广泛传播的), newly- built 新建的)
(6)副词+形容词: all-around(全面发展的), ever-green(常青的)
(7)形容词+形容词: deaf-mute(又聋又哑的), icy-cold(冰冷的),
(8)其它方式:face-to-face ten-year-old boy
3.动词合成词:
(1)名词+动词sleep-walk梦游Daybreak
(2)形容词+动词white-wash粉刷dumbfound(使目瞪口呆),
(3)副词+动词)overwhelm压倒;outline(画出⋯轮廓overcome克服
4.副词合成词:
(1)形容词+名词hotfoot匆忙地,
(2)形容词+副词everywhere到处somehow
(3)副词+副词however尽管如此however
(4)介词+名词beforehand事先
(5)介词+副词forever永远。

5.代词合成词:
(1)代词宾格+self herself 她自己himself,
(2)物主代词+self myself 我自己ourselves
(3)形容词+名词anything, nobody,
转化法
转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法,是英语形成新词的重
要方法之一。

各种词类之间经常互相转化,致使一个词往往可以用作几种词类。

在英语的词类转化上,数量最多的当属动词和名词的相互转化。

此外,其它词类之间也可相互转化,有一词多义的现象。

现就常见的转化分类举例归纳如下:1、动词转化为名词
(1)意思没有变化: I think we'd better finish the talk now.
我想我们的谈话最好现在结束。

(2)意思有一定变化:He is a man of strong build.
他是一个体格健壮的汉子。

(3)构成短语:Let's have a look first. 我们先看一下吧。

2、名词转化为动词
(1)表示物体的:Have you booked the ticket?你订好票了吗?
(2)表示身体部位的:Hand in your papers please.请把你们的试卷交上来。

(3)表示一类人的:She nursed her husband back to health.
她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。

(4)抽象名词:We breakfasted together.我们在一起吃了早餐。

3、形容词转化为动词
少数形容词可以转化为动词:
We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

4、形容词转化为名词
(1) 表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词:
The girl in black appears very beautiful.
那个穿黑衣服的女孩子看上去非常漂亮。

(2)一些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数
We don't belong to the rich, but we don't belong to the poor,either.
我们不是有钱人,但我们也不是穷人。

截短法(缩略法)
将单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变的英语构词法称为截短法,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。

1.截头:telephone→phone airplane→plane
2.去尾: mathematics→maths examination→exam kilogram→kilo
laboratory→lab
3.截头去尾: influenza→flu refrigerator→fridge prescription→script
混合法(混成法)
英语构词还可以将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词,前半部分表属性,后半部分表主体。

这样的英语构词法就是混合法。

news broadcast → newscast新闻广播
television broadcast → telecast电视播送
smoke and fog → smog烟雾
photo and graphy → photography摄影,摄影术
helicopter airport → heliport直升飞机场
首尾字母缩略法
用单词首尾字母组成一个新词的英语构词法叫做首尾字母缩略法。

这种形式的英语构词生成的新词,读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。

Testing of English as a Foreign Language →TOEFL托福
Teach English as a Foreign Language→TEFL英语教育
Teach English as a Second Language→TESL第二语言的英语教育
Graduate Record Examination→GRE美国研究生入学考试
语篇填空使用括号中词语的正确形式填空(以考查词语派生为主)。

The Raconteurs (虎烂乐队)make music that lives up to the band’s name. The word “raconteur” describes a person who is [1] ____________ (skill) at telling stories. The band members describe [2] ___________ (them) as a new band made up of old friends. All the band members have founded music careers by doing other projects. But they decided to come together as a band to try something [3]_______ (difference). The lead [4] _______ (sing) of the Raconteurs may sound familiar. Jack White is also a member of the band [5] ________ (call) the White Stripes(白色条纹乐队). The Raconteurs also include the songwriter and guitarist Brendan Benson. These [6] ___________ (music) had performed together over the years. But in 2005, they decided to play together [7] __________ (official) as the Raconteurs.The Raconteurs' [8] _______ (late) album is called “Consolers of the Lonely.” The band released the album in an [9] __________(usually) way. They [10]__________ (announce)their new album only a week before it went on sale to avoid the usual publicity created by critics(评论家).。

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