英汉翻译lecture 1 Introduction to Translation
英汉翻译第一讲讲义

第一讲绪论内容提要:时代呼唤翻译,翻译促进时代的发展。
信息时代的特点之一是知识的交流与共享。
翻译同一个民族的文明程度密切相关。
中国的翻译事业任重而道远。
介绍外国和对外介绍中国同样紧迫。
翻译的理论研究、实践指导和课堂教学都亟待加强。
一、为什么要学翻译翻译是语言工作者一项不可或缺的技能,是语言交流的一种手段,是不同语言使用者之间一种重要的交流工具。
在今天这个信息化时代,随着社会的发展和进步,随着各国人民交流的日益频繁,翻译更是各国进行经济、文化、政治交流的有效工具,是世界各国谋求发展的重要途径。
二、翻译的定义、过程和性质翻译是一种交际方式,可以从广义和狭义两方面来理解。
广义上的翻译包括所有的符号之间、非符号之间、符号和非符号之间的转换行为。
比如,一个手势变成一种语言,把汉语的文言文转变成白话文(语内翻译),把语言转化为计算机符号,甚至把你的所想所思诸于笔端,都是一种翻译。
狭义上的翻译就是将一种语言转化成另一种语言,即语际翻译(interlingual translation)。
这样的一种活动包括口头的和笔头的,即口译(interprettion)和笔译(translation)。
异化(foreignizing)指的是根据既定的语法规则按字面意思将和源语文化紧密相连的短语或句子译成目标语。
例如,将“九牛二虎之力”译为“the strength of nine bulls and two tigers”。
异化能够很好地保留和传递原文的文化内涵,使译文具有异国情调,有利于各国文化的交流。
但对于不熟悉源语及其文化的读者来说,存在一定的理解困难。
异化和同化具有相对性,随着各国文化交流愈来愈紧密,原先对于目标语读者很陌生的词句也会变得越来越普遍,即异化的程度会逐步降低。
归化(domestication)是指遵守目标语言文化当前的主流价值观,公然对原文采用保守的同化手段,使其迎合本土的典律,出版潮流和政治需求(Venuti,2001:240)〔1〕;或指在翻译中采用透明、流畅的风格(transparent, fluent style),最大限度地淡化原文的陌生感(strangeness)的翻译策略(Shuttleworth&Cowie,1997:43-44)〔2〕。
Lecture 1 Introduction 汉英翻译 教学课件

悉除,此五失本也。
➢然般若经,三达之心,覆面所演,圣必因时, 时俗有易,而删雅古,以适今时,一不易也。
➢愚智天隔,圣人叵阶,乃欲以千岁之上微言, 传使合 百王之下末俗。二不易也。
➢阿难出经,去佛未远,尊大迦叶,令五百六通, 迭察迭书,今离千年,而以近意量截,彼阿罗 汉乃兢兢若此,此生死人而平平若此,岂将 不知法者勇乎,斯三不易也。
思果:香港学者,提出“信、达、贴”。是严复 “信、达、雅”理论的发展。“贴”即:翻译须 贴切场合、文体以及说话者的身份等。这实际上 把翻译提到了语体和风格的高度。
刘重德:中国翻译工作者协会副会长。关于原 则,创立了“信于内容,达如其分,切合风格 (fitness)”的“信达切”学说;关于译法,提出了 “直译为主,意译为辅,直、意结合,灵活运 用”的主张。
▪ 1898年出版的《天演论》卷首“译例言”里 提出 “信、达、雅”的翻译原则和标准
▪ “信”(faithfulness) 指忠实准确地传达原文 内容;
▪ “达”(expressiveness)指译文通顺流畅;
▪ “雅”(elegance) 文辞优雅。
但严复对“雅”的解释不足取。 他认为,只有译文采用“汉以前字法句法”
•Eugene Nida (奈达) •美国当代著名的翻译理论家. •主要学术活动围绕《圣经》 •翻译展开 《翻译科学探索》
(Toward a Science of Translating) 1964 《翻译理论与实践》
(The Theory and Practice of Translation) 1969
①翻译不仅是一种艺术、一种技巧,还是一门 科学。 ②翻译是一种交际活动。
Lecture 1 翻译与商务翻译

第1页课题Lecture 1 Introduction to translation andBusiness English translation授课时数2授课类型Lecture教学目的1.To let students know some basic knowledge of translation;2.To have a good command of feature of business English and criteria of itstranslation;教学重点1.Six features of business English;2.translation criteria of business English: faithfulness, idiomaticness andconsistency;教学难点Idiomaticness的准确含义;主要︵知识︶语言点1.You-attitude;2.Consideration;3.Idiomaticness,;4.Faithfulness;5.Consistency教学过程︵学时分配︶Period 1Step 1 IntroductionI. Objectives1.To translate business information and materials from English into Chineseand vice versa;2.To grasp translation skills focusing on business information;3.To emphasize the translation of business letters, advertising and contractsand so on.Ⅱ. Course Requirements1.Attendance;2.Written Assignments;3.In-class ExercisesⅢ. Summary of GradingAttendance 10 %Written Assignments: 20 %In-class Exercises: 10 %Final Written Examination 60 %Total: 100%Grading Procedure1.Attendance: You can lose points for things like being late often, notanswering questions, not working well with a group, or sleeping in class.附记或教学说明第2页教学过程︵学时分配︶2.Homework and class work: you may have a homework assignment to turn in, class activity to do.3.Final Exam:Your favorite part of the course! The final exam is a big part of your total grade. Don’t worry! I’m not here to make you suffer!We are on the same team! Let’s work together!I don’t expect you to like every part of the course, but I expect you to doyour best in the c ourse. It’s my job as a teacher to provide a goodlearning atmosphere. There are some times when we will have to spendextra time to translate in class, because this is a translating class.Ⅳ. Rules-Turn off cell phones.- Respect each other.- Do not cheat.Step 2 PresentationⅠBasic knowledge about translation1. Definition of Translationa. a linguistic activity to produce the meaning and style of the source textin another language;b. a trans-cultural communicative activity;Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (E. A. Nida)(翻译就是译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息,首先是意义,其次是文格。
北交英汉翻译课件第一单元U1-Course_Introduction

CATTI (China Aptitude Test for Translators and Interpreters)
上半年考试报名时间:2011年2月24日至3月9 日 下半年考试报名时间:2011年8月12日至26日 考试时间:笔译综合能力和笔译实务(3级) 5月29日 /
CATTI (China Aptitude Test for Translators and Interpreters)
CATTI's Levels and Professional Competence Translator and Interpreter of Level 3: Candidates have rudimentary scientific and cultural knowledge and a general competence for bilingual translation and interpretation and can accomplish general translation work.
CATTI (China Aptitude Test for Translators and Interpreters)
CATTI's Levels and Professional Competence
Translator and Interpreter of Level 2:
Candidates have some scientific and cultural knowledge, have a good competence for bilingual translation and interpretation and are capable of translating and interpreting in some areas and with some difficulties.
实用翻译lecture 1 Introduction

3. From the communicative point of view: translation aims at the pass of information from one language to another
• • • • • • •
• • • • •
(1) Nice day, isn’t it? 您吃饭了吗? (2)Misquito, Bye, Bye, Bye. 蚊虫,杀杀杀! (3)I am looking forward to your response at your earliest convenience. 急盼早复! (4)At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment. 应乙方要求,甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。 (5)保护绿草,留住绿意。 Keep off the grass. (6) 闲人免进\油漆末干\小心地滑 Staff Only\Wet Painting\Caution: Wet Floor
What is translation ?
• Discussion: What is translation? • Directions: discuss with whoever you like around you in five minutes, and then come back with an idea of yourself . • Examples to be illustrated: • 1)你吃了吗? • 2)叔叔,欢迎你来北京。 • 3)My dear Mr. Bennet…
英语口译基础教程Unit1Introdu

01
Introduction to Interpretation
Definition of Interpretation
It involves comprehending the exact meaning and intention of the source language and expressing it in the target language with accuracy and fluency
Executive Interpretation
The interpreter translates the spooked words of the source language after they have been delivered, either note taking or without notes
Standards for Interpretation
Accuracy
The interpreter must accurately translate the source language into the target language, ensuring that the meaning and intention are fully conveyed.
The interpreter needs to have a good memory to store and recall information during the interpretation process
Language conversion skills
Language comprehension
英汉翻译全套课件260P

The End to the First Lecture in E-C Translation Thank You!
20、《英汉辞格比较与唐诗英译散论》, 卢炳群 著,青岛出版社,2003.11
21、《译介学》谢天振著 上海外语教育 出版社
22、《翻译理论与翻译教学法》[加拿大] 让。德利尔著,国际文化出版公司)
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23、上海外语教育出版社的《国外翻译 研究丛书》20种
24、北京外语教学与研究出版社的《国 外翻译研究丛书》20种
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6. The importance of learning translation
翻译是国际间理解的钥匙,据说西欧的文明归功
于翻译 者(据L·G·凯里 1979)。季羡林教授也说,
翻译是永葆中华文明青春的万应灵药。前中国驻联合
国代表凌青先生说,从中国来讲,没有翻译工作,就
没有中国共产党和中国近代的革命运动,就没有中国
between the two Japanese divisions. (集合部)
17
4) With high political consciousness
The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent.
The peasants and workers were hand in glove with one another in the struggle against the landlords and capitalists who worked hand in glove with each other.
6、《中国翻译简史》,马祖毅著,中国 对外翻译出版公司,1998.6
lecture 1翻译概述

Christiane Nord
• ―Translation is the production of a functional target text maintaining a relationship with a given source text that is specified according to the intended or demanded function of the target text.‖
Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language
― It is sometimes said that there is no
task more complex than translation --- a claim that can be readily believed when all the variables involved are taken into account. Translators not only need to know their source language well; they must also have a thorough understanding of the field of knowledge covered by the source text, and of any
Peter Newmark
• Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language. • (Translating) is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way the author intended the text.
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《圣经》中的创世纪载有这样一则故事: 圣经》中的创世纪载有这样一则故事: 洪水消落以后,诺亚的子孙在地球上繁衍生息, 洪水消落以后,诺亚的子孙在地球上繁衍生息,分住在 不同的部落。当时天下人操同一口音,讲同一种语言。 不同的部落。当时天下人操同一口音,讲同一种语言。 他们往东迁移的时候,在示拿发现一片平原, 他们往东迁移的时候,在示拿发现一片平原,便在平原 上居住下来。他们商量烧制砖块,合上灰泥, 上居住下来。他们商量烧制砖块,合上灰泥,修建一座 城池和一座高塔,塔顶要通天,以便扬名天下, 城池和一座高塔,塔顶要通天,以便扬名天下,不致分 散居住在地上。 散居住在地上。 这时,耶和华临界,看见人们正在修建通天塔。 这时,耶和华临界,看见人们正在修建通天塔。耶和华 这些人若讲一种语言,凡事便可心想事成, 想:这些人若讲一种语言,凡事便可心想事成,无可不 为了。耶和华便下界,弄乱了人们的语言, 为了。耶和华便下界,弄乱了人们的语言,让他们言语 不通,交际受阻,同心也无法同力;于是, 不通,交际受阻,同心也无法同力;于是,通天塔也就 半途而废。人们只得按耶和平共处的意愿, 半途而废。人们只得按耶和平共处的意愿,离开这座城 分散到世界各地,讲着各自的语言。 池,分散到世界各地,讲着各自的语言。 从此以后,世界上的语言五花八门。 从此以后,世界上的语言五花八门。语言的隔阂阻碍着 人类交往,阻碍着文化交流也阻碍着文明的发展。 人类交往,阻碍着文化交流也阻碍着文明的发展。但亘 古以来,人类从未停止沟通语言和交流文化的活动, 古以来,人类从未停止沟通语言和交流文化的活动,这 活动便是翻译。 活动便是翻译。
All these definitions are simple and straightforward and they do help us understand translation in some sense. But we can never start any scientific research just with such simple and general definitions. A translator is always puzzled over such questions as: Must his translation give the words or the ideas of the original? Should his translation reflect the style of the original or that of his own? Should his translation read like an original or a translation? Whether or not his translation may add to or omit from the original? The above questions cannot be solved with the general definition and so we are supposed to gain an insight into translation itself. A historical view of translation may perhaps, help us see both sides of the coin.
Some Quotations From Different Sources:
(1) Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL). ---J.C. ---J.C. Catford (2)Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent in the source language, first in terms of meaning, secondly in terms of style. ---E.A.Nida ---E.A.Nida (3) 凡是翻译必须兼顾两方面,一是力求易解, 凡是翻译必须兼顾两方面,一是力求易解, 二是保持原作的风姿。 二是保持原作的风姿。 ---鲁迅 ---鲁迅
II.Types of Translation (翻译的类别) 翻译的类别) 既然翻译的性质可从不同的角度来定义, 既然翻译的性质可从不同的角度来定义,那么同 样翻译的种类也可从不同的视角来分类。一般说来, 样翻译的种类也可从不同的视角来分类。一般说来,翻 译可从5种不同的角度来分类: 译可从5种不同的角度来分类: 1)In terms of the language involved: L1---L2 L1---L2 VS L2---L1 L2---L1 从译出语和译入语的角度来分类, 从译出语和译入语的角度来分类,翻译可分为本族语 译为外语外语译为本族语; 译为外语外语译为本族语; 2)In terms of semiotic systems: intraintra-lingual, inter-lingual and inter-semiotic interinter从涉及到的语言符号来分类, 从涉及到的语言符号来分类,翻译分为语内翻译 translation)、 (intralingual translation)、语际翻译 (interlingual translation)和符际翻译 translation)和符际翻译(intersemiotic translation); 和符际翻译(intersemiotic translation);
2.1 Definitions of Translation a. Translation is an art; b. Translation is a science; c. T ranslation is a craft; e. Translation is a language activity; f. Translation is communicating; etc.
2. Some Definitions of Translation:(翻译的定 Translation:( :(翻译的定 义和内涵) 义和内涵) 中文的“翻译”一词词义丰富, 中文的“翻译”一词词义丰富,可表达四种不同 的含义: 的含义: Translating 翻译过程 A translation 译作 Translation 翻译(包括翻译过程和该过程的产 翻译( 品) Translator 译者
A Coursebook on Pragmatic Translation 英汉— 英汉— 汉英应用翻译综合教程
授课人:贺鸿莉 授课人:
Lecture 1 Introduction to Translation
I. What is Translation? 1. A story of translation in Bible Long long ago, all the people speak the same language . When they transferred to the east, they found a plain and decided to build a tall tower, so that it can stretch to the heaven and they can live in the heaven. When Jesus saw this, he was afraid that if all the people speak the same language, they can do everything they want. So Jusus went down from the heaven and confused their languages so they couldn’t couldn’ communicate with each other and they didn’t finish the didn’ Bable Tower. Since then, people lived in different places and spoke different languages. Hence comes the translation.
3) In terms of the media by which translation is done: oral, written and machine 从翻译的手段来分类,翻译可分为口译( 从翻译的手段来分类,翻译可分为口译(oral interlingual translation)、笔译(written interlingual translation)、笔译(written )、笔译 translation) 和机器翻译(machine translation); 和机器翻译(machine translation); 4) In terms of the subject matter: literary, political, scientific, practical, etc. 从翻译的题材来分类, 从翻译的题材来分类,翻译可分为专业文献翻译 (translation of English for science and technology)、文 technology)、 学翻译(literary translation)和一般性翻译 和一般性翻译(practical 学翻译(literary translation)和一般性翻译(practical writing translation); translation); 5)In terms of the manner: full, partial, selected, edited, etc. 从翻译的处理方式来分类,翻译可分为全译( 从翻译的处理方式来分类,翻译可分为全译(full translation)、摘译( translation)、摘译(partial translation)和编译 )、摘译 translation) editing)。 (translation plus editing)。