定语从句2
定语从句2
Basketball is George’s favorite sport. He spent much time on the sport. Basketball is George’s favorite sport on which he spent much time. My pencil is broken. I often write homework with the pencil. My pencil with which I often write homework is broken.
2. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时 The third thing that should be done is to get the tickets. When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.
考 点
介词＋which/whom
Mr. Liu is a good worker. I learned a lot from him. Mr. Liu is a good worker from whom I learned a lot. I left my wallet in the taxi. I came here in the taxi. I left my wallet in the taxi in which I came here.
关系代词前介词的确定
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会： e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如： e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m sure. 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会： e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.
初中英语语法之定语从句2关系副词讲解_练习_答案
定语从句2——关系副词引导的定语从句【关系副词引导的定语从句】1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.2. when引导定语从句表示时间。
在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.[注]当然也不用that引导。
By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to business trip出差, he brings a lot of presents for his children.3. why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school, he began to know what he wanted when he grewup.This is the reason why he came late.= This is the reason for which he came late.例题（）1. There are lots of things I need to prepare before the trip.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. whose（）2. Jim dislikes people ______talk much but never do anything .A.whoB.whomC.whose（）3.—I hear Sam has gone to Qingdao for his holiday.--Oh, how nice! Do you know when he_______?A.leftB.was leavingC.has leftD.had left（）4. We are trying to help those children _____ lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province.A. whichB. whenC. whoD. whose（）5. Do you know the girl _______is singing in the classroom?A.whoB.whichC.when（）6. Smith hates some persons _______talk too much but do nothing.A.whomB.whenC.whoseD.who（）7. —The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu.--Yes. They are helping the people ______are suffering from the earthquake.A.whichB.whatC./D.who（）8. Have you found the answer to the question ______I asked you this morning?A.whenB.whatC.that（）9. Friends are those make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeedA whichB whatC whomD who（）10. I began to work in Shanghai in the year _______HongKong was returned to China.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when（）11. Sorry, we don’t have the coat ______ you need.A. whatB. whoC. whomD. which（）12. This is the novel ______ is written by Guo Jingming.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. /（）13.Henrry likes people ______ can keep their promises and keep others’ secrets.A. whomB. whenC. whoseD. who（）14. The girl _________ i s sitting under the big tree is Lynn’s cousin.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which（）15. It’s time to say goodbye to my school. I’ll always remember the people _______ have helped me.A. whoB. whatC. whichD. where练习（）1. — What are you looking for?--I am looking for the book ________ I bought yesterday.A. whoB. whichC. whose（）2. We know Jackie Chan ________ movies are very popular with the young.A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which（）3. Is this university_______ your elder brother will choose this year?A. the oneB. thatC. where（）4. —Do you know the boy _______ is standing under the tree?--Yes. He’s Peter. He’s new in our class.A. whereB. whatC. whoD. whose（）5. The house ____ we live is not big.A. in thatB. whichC. in whichD. that（）6. Do you know the reason ____ he didn’t come?A. thatB. whichC. forD. why（）7. The room ____ windows face south is his.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. who’s（）8. The park, ____ we visited yesterday, is very nice.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. when（）9. The park, ____ we met with him, is very nice.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. when（）10. The first time ____ I saw her was in 1989.A. whenB. whichC. thatD. as（）11. Pay attention to all ____ I do.A. whichB. in whichC. whatD. that（）12. I’ve read all the books ____ you gave me.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that（）13. Is there anything ____ I can do for you?A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it（）14. The woman ____ child had fallen ill was a doctor.A. whoB. herC. whoseD. /（）15. The pen ____ I’m using ____ is hers.A. which; itB. that; itC. it; /D. /（）16. The whole world is fighting against the H1N1, a disease ______ has caused many deaths.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. what（）17. Disney is an amusement park _______ you can find Disney movies and characters.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when（）18. The young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new math teacher.A. whatB. whoseC. whoD. which（）19. The skirt _________ is made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it.A. whatB. /C. thatD. it（）20. I like the teacher ________ classes are very interesting and creative.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whose（）21. Jack, there is someone in the office ______ would like to speak with you.A. whoB. whichC. whom（）22. Shaolin Temple ____ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.A. whereB. whichC. whoD. what（）23. We should give love to the children _______ lost their parents in the earthquake.A. whoB. whomC. thoseD. which（）24. --The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isn’t it?--Yes, it has built many schools ________ those children can study happily.A. whereB. whenC. which（）25. --There are many volunteers ________ are helping the children in Sichuan.--And most of them are college students.A. whichB. whenC. whoseD. who典型例题1选B 2选A 3选A 4选C 5选A 6选D 7选D 8选C 9选D 10选D11选D。
定语从句 (2)
语法四：定语从句一 .概述在英语中，我们通常用作定语修饰名词或代词。
若要表达更复杂的意思，需借助来修饰名词。
定语的位置：前置定语：单词（ _______、______，_____， _________）后置定语：______和_______（定语从句）I do not like lazy people.(转为定语从句）被修饰的名词/代词因为总在定语从句前面，所以被称为_____。
引导定语从句的词，被称为______。
二.定语从句的三个重要概念（1）先行词———被定语从句所_____或_____的对象。
（2）关系词———连接____和____，在定语从句中充当一定____的词。
（3）不完整的句子。
（4）定语从句的结构=先行词+_____+_______的句子e.g.Envy is like a fly that passes all a body’s sounder parts and dwells upon the sores.三 .关系词定语从句主要考察的就是引导词的选择，定语从句的引导词分为三类：1 关系代词：关系代词先行词指人：______ ,______先行词指物：________先行词指人指物均可：_________先行词指人或指物的所有关系： ______（谁的，定语） ;2 关系副词：副词是表示行为或状态特征的词，修饰_____、_____或_____，表示时间，地点，程度，方式等概念。
本身后面句子主干完整，补充表_____，____,______的副词让句子完整。
时间状语：______地点状语：______原因状语：______3 特殊关系词：as;whose ;whyps:定语从句没有______ 和_______.1 、特殊关系词特殊关系词直接靠翻译做题即可。
as:“正如”（1）as的本质是个关系_____，指代_________。
（2）as引导的定从可放主句之前（可放中间，后面）。
定语从句(2)
第
1 步
专题九 定语从句
第 3
步
第
2 步
第二部分 专题九
第1页
高考一轮总复习 ·英语
定语从句高考考点
第 1
考点一
步
考点二
考点三
第
2 步
考点四
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句
第
3
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 步
as，which引导的定语从句
考点五 way和time后接定语从句的情况
之一是减缓全球范围的饥荒。
第
2 步
②Trading leather shoes is the business ___o_n_e_o_f_w__h_o_s_e___
the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所专注的事业。
第二部分 专题九
第21页
高考一轮总复习 ·英语
③[2016·浙江]The study suggests that the cultures we grow
2
步 (＝whose price) was very reasonable.
最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。
第二部分 专题九
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高考一轮总复习 ·英语
第
1
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⑤His head soon appeared out of the window，
__f_r_o_m__w_h_e_r_e_____he saw nothing but trees.
3
关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则 步
第 2
用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
定语从句2
关系词只能用as
He uses the same dictionary as I do. 他用的词典和我用的一样。
关系代词和关系副词如何区别？
1. 关系代词: that,who,which,whom,whose 在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语、定语和表语 2.关系副词：when, where, why 在定语从句中作原因、地点、时间状语
Remember: 关系词用关系代词还是用关 系副词关键要看先行词在从句中作什么 成份而定。即要把先行词放回从句中看 是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。
we met last month.
(2) We will meet at the same place that／which _____________ we visited last month.
This is also part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾经告诉你了，这是你工作的一部分。
a. I’ll never forget the time
作spent的宾语
that/which we spent together in Paris. 我永远不会忘记我们在巴黎一起渡过的那段时 间。
b. I’ll remember the time when we often stayed together. 我会记住我们在一起的那段时间。 （在那段时间，我们在一起）
1.The reason _______he missed the speech is that why he forgot the time. 原因状语 2.The reason____________he gave us sounded that\which reasonable.
定语从句 2
初中定语从句2一、何时用关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句？when 引导定语从句:先行词是表示时间的名词而且是从句动作发生的时间时，用when引导定语从句。
I’ll never forget the day when (= on which ) I met you.This was the time when ( =at which ) he left for Beijing .We will put off the outing until next week, when(=in which) we won’t be busy.where 引导定语从句:先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词而且是从句动作发生的地点时，用where引导定语从句。
This is the town where (= in which ) I spent my childhood.The table at which she is sitting is a new one.I’ll show you the point where you failed.why引导定语从句:先行词是reason并且从句是表示结果时，用why引导定语从句。
This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didn’t come here.The reason ________________ she gave was not true.特别注意：当定语从句缺主语或宾语才直接用which或that引导定语从句。
The library _______________________ students often study was on fire last night.The library, _______ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.The library _______________ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.I’ll never forget the day _____________________ we first met in the park.I’ll never forget the time ______________ I spe nt on campus.I’ll never forget the time ______________ was spent with you.二、介词+关系代词应注意的情况1. who、that 不能用与介词之后The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist. The man to whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives in is far away. The city in which she lives is far away.2. 在固定短语中介词不能提前Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .三、如何确定介词？把先行词接到从句谓语后面去,看需要什么介词1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配He is the man _____ whom I think you can depend.The house ____ which he paid 100,000 yuan is very beautiful.2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配He referred me to some reference books ______ which I am not very familiar.This is the hero _____ whom we are proud.3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配The school ______ which I study is the No. 11 high school.The rate/speed ______ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.The age______ which children can go to school is seven.4.根据从句中动词与先行词搭配来选用介词，这时是两者兼顾。
定语从句(2)
4) Her bag, in __w_h__ic_h__ she put all her money, has been stolen.
5) She heard a terrible noise， _w_h__ic_h_ brought her heart into her mouth.
2. Tomorrow I will bring here a book fo_r_w__h_ich you asked.
定语从句(2)
难点一：as的用法
1. It is such a big stone __a_s__ nobody can lift.
2. __A_s___ is known to all, he is the best student. 3. This is the same watch as I lost.
Translate the following English proverbs into Chinese and then pick out the attributive clauses.
1. God helps those who help
themselves .
天助自助者.
2. He who laughs last laughs best . 笑到最后的人才是英雄.
归 指代事物 which, that, as 纳 所属关系 whose
系 代
总 结
指地点 指时间
where when
关 系
词
指原因 why
副
做题技巧?
词
先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分
定语从句 2
第17课定语从句 2导言互译时注意这一语言差异，对掌握英语很有帮助。
在学习定语从句时，请注意关系代词和关系副词的区别，关系代词在从句中起到的是名词的作用，而关系副词起的是副词或介词短语的作用，即状语的作用。
▲关系副词WHEN-----代替时间WHERE-----代替地点WHY-----代替原因WHEN先行词关系副词在从句中做状语从以上的例句中可以看出，关系副词在从句中代替的是一个介词短语，相当于on the day，做状语。
该句也可以用关系代词来做。
请注意关系代词与关系副词的区别。
●先行词关系代词在从句中做介词on●WHERE●看，那就是我出生的房子。
注：where在从句中充当状语，代替in the house，该句也可以用关系代词来做。
WHY●I know the reason. She is unhappy for the reasontoday.●关系副词why代替从句中for the reason。
此句可以用关系代词做。
●●I know the reason▲as引导定语从句，先行词可以是一个名词，也可以是一个短语或一个句子。
as本身含有“像”的意思，而从句的位置不一定要在先行词之后●know的宾语代替前面整个句子(As you know, the earth moves around the sun.)正像你所知道那样地球围绕太阳运行。
●as-----------Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish novelist正如我的一位祖母说过的那样，这个世界上只有两家人：那就是富人和穷人。
-----西班牙小说家塞万提斯.M.●Money is the sinews（力量） of love, asAs = Money is the sinews-----------George Farquhar, Irish dramatist金钱是爱情的支柱，犹如金钱是战争的支柱一样。
高中英语 定语从句(二)
4) Her bag, in _____w_h_i_chshe put all her money, has been stolen.
5) She heard a terrible noise， ______wbhriocuhght her heart into her mouth.
以上句子中的定语都有单词或短语充当， 但如果是复杂的定语就应用定语从句
如：住在我们学校的那个老人是个退休工人
The old man who lives in our school is a retired woker. 我哥哥昨天买的那本书非常有趣
The book which my brother bought yesterday ie very interesting.
The boy whom I spoke to just now is admitted to a famous university.
Whose通常指人，也可指物，在句中作定语
That is the boy whose mother is a disabled women. The room whose windows face south is our dorm.
1.The way __t_h_a_t_/i_n_w__h_ic_h_/_不__填_he explained the
sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way ____________t_h_a_t_/ _whheicehx/p不la填ined to us
基础知识回顾: 定语从句关系词及其意 义
定语从句2
Rewrite the sentence using the attributive clause: 1. I remember the day. “The Beatles” played their first hit on that day. I remember the day when “The Beatles” played their first hit.
5 when, where, why 与that, which 的区分 why This is the reason ___________ ( = for which ) I didn’t come here. which/that The reason __________ she gave was not true. 指时间， 指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语 从句中作主语或宾语， 从句中作主语或宾语，用which或that 或 引导定语从句。 引导定语从句。
1.This is the best TV _____ is made in that China. 2.The first museum _____ he visited in that China was the History Museum. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修 饰时，引导定语从句用that 。 饰时，引导定语从句用
对比练习
1. It is very useful to master a foreign which language,_____ has been said before. 2 ___ everyone hoped, Mary has As won the first prize. as引导定语从句可放在句首，句中， 引导定语从句可放在句首， 引导定语从句可放在句首 句中， 句末， 句末，而which 引导定语从句不能放 在句首.as译为正如 好像, 译为正如， 在句首 译为正如，好像 which 则 没有此义。 没有此义。
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高中英语定语从句详解定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构；它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。
而定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面。
在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，或是构成一个名词短语；或是构成一个代词短语。
但从结构上说，关系词与从句是一个整体。
排除句子的其他各部分，这种带有定语从句的名词短语或是代词短语的构成可演示如下：1）three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中：signs是：被修饰的名词；that是：关系词；that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack是定语从句2）those who drink a lot 那些大量饮酒的人在这个带有定语从句的代词短语中：those是：被修饰的名词；who是：关系词;who drink a lot是：定语从句通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下：被修饰的名词/ 代词+ 关系词+ 句子(其中，"被修饰的名词/代词"在语法叫作"先行词".) 要点提示：1）"先行词"与"关系词"的内在联系"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。
也就是说，关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义"代到"从句中来起作用。
例如：They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations （先行词）where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid .他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。
（本句中的关系词where = 先行词（in）situations 。
如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是：They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situationspeople normally would not be afraid in situations 由此可以看出，"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系）。
又例如：Rude people are those （先行词）whose (关系词)behavior shows little respectfor the rules（先行词）that(关系词) the majority follows .不讲礼貌的人是指那些，他们的行为对大多数人所遵从的规则并不表示尊敬的人。
由此我们还可以看出，"先行词"往往是分别重复出现在两个分句中的名词或代词。
这也就是我们做定语从句的条件之必需。
否则，"关系词"就无法去替代"先行词"而构筑定语从句了。
这个道理就如同我们在计算机上"做剪贴以前要先做复制"一样。
）2）"先行词"的意义决定"关系词"的选择"关系词"的选择往往是由"先行词"自身表达的意义，以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。
这个意思就是说，假如"先行词"自身表达的意义是表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"，那么我们就相应地选择表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"的"先行词"。
"先行词" 在从句中的语法功能也是决定"关系词"选择的重要条件。
比如说，同样都是表示"人的意义"的"先行词"，如果它在从句中作主语，"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的主格形式，如果它在从句中作定语，"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的所有格形式。
另外，有时"先行词"本身是表示事物的名词，而它在从句中却与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语，在这种情况下，我们就应该用"关系副词"而不能用"关系代词"了。
例如：Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields .有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。
In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan.我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。
There are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words .有许多声音有意义但不是词。
Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class .如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是：tell him to go to the classroom .We often have our English class in the classroom )告诉他去我们常上英语课的那间教室。
(一) 关系词从前面的讨论中我们可以清楚地看出，关系词在定语从句的构成里是至关重要的。
我们甚至可以说，掌握不好关系词就无法做成定语从句，也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。
因此，我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。
定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；没有连词。
也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。
1）关系代词：who , whom , whose , which , that 等。
who用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，并且在从句中作主语；在现代英语里，也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。
例如：I have no idea about the man who wrote the article .我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。
The little boy who is singing there can recite quiet a number of Chinese poems .whom 用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。
在现代英语里，如果whom在从句中作动词的宾语，它与who可以通用；但是如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用whom而不能与who通用了。
当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。
例如：Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talked to just now ?刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁？Y esterday, I happened to meet , in the shopping center , the professor who ( whom ) I got to know at a party .昨天在购物中心，我碰巧遇见了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。
They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation . 他们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的病人。
(句中的关系代词whom代替the patient ，在从句中作介词on的宾语，而且介词on提到关系代词的前面，所以who 和whom就绝不可以通用了，此处只能用whom 。
)Who is the girl to who (whom) you talked just now ? （错误）(句中的关系代词whom(who)代替the girl ，在从句中作介词to的宾语，但是由于介词to已提到了关系代词的前面,who 和whom就绝不可以通用了,所以如果还继续使用who句子就错了。
此处只能用whom 。
)whose 用于代替"表示人或物意义"的先行词，在从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。
Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。
例如：Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor.沸点在摄氏100度的水无色、无味。
which 用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。
例如：Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。
I've got a novel which you may like to read .我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。
That was a fault which could not be forgiven . 那是不能饶恕的错误。
that 既用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，也用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词；在从句中既可以作主语，也可以作谓语动词的宾语，但是不能作介词的宾语。
在一定范围内，that = who / whom / which 。
例如：Views that (which ) are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。
Salaried people that ( who) earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government .工薪在几千美元以上的人必须将工资中的一定百分比交付给联邦政府。