采矿工程专业英语(部分重要文章翻译)

P1 二、复合难句：

1、Mining may well have been the second of humankind's earliest endeavors--granted that agriculture was the first. The two industries ranked together as the primary or basic industries of early civilization

如果说农业是人类最早的产业（文明）的话，那么采矿就理所当然地排在第二。这两种产业作为人类早期文明最原始或最基本的产业联系在了一起。

2、If we consider fishing and lumbering as part of agriculture and oil and gas production as part of mining , then agriculture and mining continue to supply all the basic resources used by modern civilization

如果我们把捕鱼业和伐木业作为农业的一部分，而石油和天然气产业作为采矿的一部分，那么农业和采矿业至今仍是现代文明所使用的基础资源的支柱

3、Here the term mining is used in its broadest context as encompassing the extraction of any naturally occurring mineral substances-solid , liquid , and gas-from the earth or other heavenly bodies for utilitarian purposes.

这里所说的采矿是指广义上的，因为它包括为实利目的而从地球或其他天体岩石中获取任何天然形成的固态、液态和气态矿物的开采

4、Mine：An excavation made in the earth to extract minerals

采矿：为了开采矿物而在地球上进行的一种挖掘

5、Mining: the activity , occupation , and industry concerned with the extraction of minerals

采矿业：一种与开采矿物有关的活动、职业和产业

6、Mining engineering: the practice of applying engineering principles to the development ,

planning , operation , closure and reclamation of mines.

采矿工程：运用工程原理生产、规划、运作和关闭（充填）以及对矿山再利用（复垦）的一种实践

7、Mineral：A naturally occurring inorganic element or compound having an orderly internal structure and a characteristic chemical composition , crystal form , and physical properties.

矿物：一种天然形成的无机元素或化合物（无机物），它有着有序的内部构造、特有的化学成分、结晶形式和物理性质。

8、Rock：Any naturally formed aggregate of one or more types of mineral particles

岩石：任何天然形成的、由一种或多种矿物颗粒组成的集合体

9、Metallic ores：Those ores of the ferrous metals (iron , manganese ,molybdenum and tungsten) , the base metals (copper , lead and tin) , the precious metals (gold , silver, the platinum group metals) and the radioactive minerals( uranium , thorium and radium) .

金属矿：包括黑色金属（铁、锰、钼、钨），基础金属（铜、铅、锡),贵重金属（金、银、铂金类金属）和放射性金属（铀、钍、镭）

10、Nonmetallic minerals：(also known as industrial minerals) The nonfuel mineral ores that are not associated with the production of metals. These include phosphate ,potash , halite , trona ,sand , gravel , limestone , sulfur , and many others.

非金属矿物：（也被称为工业矿物）与金属产品无关的非燃料矿物。它包括磷酸盐、碳酸钾、岩盐、天然碱、砂、砾、石灰岩、硫磺和一些其他的矿石

11、Fossil fuels：(also known as mineral fuels) The organic mineral substances that can be utilized as fuels , such as coal , petroleum , natural gas , coal-bed methane ['mi:θein] （甲烷、沼气）,gilsonite and tar sands.

化石燃料：（也称作矿物燃料）能够被用作燃料的有机矿物质，比如煤、石油、天然气、煤层气

硬沥青和沥青砂

12、These fields of boreholes are also called mines ,as they are the means to mine a mineral deposit ,even if no one enters into the geologic realm of

the deposit

这些有钻孔的领域同样被划归采矿，因为钻孔意味着开采矿床，即使没有人进入这个矿床的地质区域

13、Note that when the economic profitability of a mineral diposit has been established with some con fidence , ore or ore deposit is preferred as the descriptive term for the mineral

occurrence.

注意：当因有些把握而确立了矿床的经济收益时，矿石或矿床就成为矿物出现的首选描述性术语。

14、If the excavation used for mining is entirely open or operated from the surface , it is termed a surface mine. If the excavation consists of openings for human entry below the earth's surface , it is called an underground mine.