第四章 翻译的技巧参考译文
第四章 翻译技巧
2. He was a regular visitor.
他经常来。 3. What kind of sailor are you? (a bad sailor or a good sailor?) 你晕不晕船？
• 8. I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my liter brother is a better teacher than I • .我未必会教你游泳。我想我的弟弟比我教 得好。
• • • •
4. The local audience was most receptive. 当地听众能接受新事物。 5. He said the meeting was informative. 他说这次会议提供了不少信息。/他从这次 会议中得到了很多信息。 • 6. Many investors are still fearful of the ever-changing local policies. • 许多投资人对当地多变的政策仍怀有戒心。
• 4. You pass from the heat and glare of a big open square in to a cool, dark cavern. • 你从一个巨大的露天广场上炎热而耀眼的阳光中进 入凉爽阴暗的洞穴。 • 5. As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help. • 他对这个城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要 的帮助。 • 英语中有些名词加不定冠词作表语时，往往可以转 译成形容词（例4和例5） 。又如：The blockade was a success. • 封锁很成功。
第四章翻译的技巧参考译文
第四章翻译的技巧参考译文第四章翻译的技巧Skills in Translation.课堂互动2：翻译句子（参考译文）1.The sky turned to a tender pallet of pink and blue.【译文】天空变成了一块由粉红色和蓝色构成的色彩柔和的调色板。
2. She had never let him know—never breathed a word.【译文】她根本就没让他知道，从未透露过真情。
3.The president now is on a poverty tour.【译文】总统目前正在访问贫困地区。
4. She doctored in the countryside.【译文】她在农村当医生。
5. The old man carefully doctored the split in the cane chair.【译文】老人仔细修补藤椅上的裂口。
6. The mayor of New York C ity is the Time magazine’s 2001 Person of the Year.【译文】纽约市市长是2001年《时代》杂志的风云人物。
7. The girls all like Bob because he is a football captain. Nothing succeeds like success.【译文】所有的女孩子都喜欢鲍伯，因为他是个足球队长。
有本事又有人缘。
8. An expensive failure can be made into an asset if you’ve learnt from it, but Monsanto still has some learning to do.【译文】失败的代价虽然昂贵，然而只要你能从中汲取教训，那也是一笔财富。
不过，曼山托公司仍然需要总结教训。
9．In the social production which men carry on they enter into definite relations that are indispensable and independent of their will; these relations of production correspond to a definitestage of development of their material powers of production.【译文】人们在自己生活的社会生产中发生一定的、必然的、不以其意志为转移的关系，即同他们的物质生产力的一定发展阶段相适合的生产关系。
华先发英汉翻译教程第四章
拟声词的翻译
• • • • • • • • A tiger growls. 虎啸 a dog barks 犬吠 A lion roars 狮吼 A wolf howls 狼嚎 A horse neighs. 马嘶 A monkey screeches. 猿啼 An ass brays. 驴叫 A deer bleats. 鹿鸣
拟声词的翻译
• 1）英汉拟声词比较 • A. 同一声音在英语和汉语中用相同的拟声 词来表达； • B. 同一声音在英语中和汉语中用不同的拟 声词来表达 • C. 不同的声音用同一拟声词来表达，这种 情况在英语和汉语中都很普遍
拟声词的翻译
• （1）大多数英文拟声词都可译为汉语相应的拟声 词，有的译为独词句，有的则译为动词或者词的 辅助成分。 • Crack ! The stick broke into two. • Only the ventilator in the cellar window kept up a ceaseless rattle. • Round the corner of Crescent Bay, between the piled-up masses of broken rock, a flock of sheep came pattering.
颜色词的翻译
• A mark was on him from the day's delight, so that all his life, when April was a thin green and the flavor of rain was on his tongue, an old wound would throb and a nostalgia would fill him for something he could not quite remember. (Rawlings 2001:13)
大学实用翻译教程(英汉双向)第四章 词语翻译技巧
2、 动词转为形容词
她父母为她的健康不佳而发愁。
Her parents were anxious about her poor health． 获悉贵国遭受地震 ，我们极为关切。 We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake． 她没有意识到自己犯了一个严重的错 误。 She was not aware that she had made a serious mistake．
译文：我们大脑的“程序”非常复杂，所以 也许我们喜欢从文学、艺术、科学和技术角 度的创造力来定义“思考”这个概念。
该例原文选自有关人脑功能方面的一篇科技 性文章。根据整个语篇以及相关语境，可以 推断出这里的“our program”指大脑程序， 因为我们自己本身并没有什么程序可言。因 此，译成汉语时要增加失当词汇，才能更确 切地表达原文所要传达的意思。
我们对待世界大战这个问题的态度是：第一， 反对； 第二，不怕。
Our attitude on the question of world war is, first, we are against it；second, we are not afraid of it． 他们不顾一切困难和挫折，坚持战斗。 They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties and setbacks．
1、冠词的省译
A teacher should have patience in his work. 教师在工作中应当有耐心。
翻译第四章
翻译第四章第四章英汉翻译的关键是如何正确选择词义在英汉翻译过程中，针对原文的词义正确地选择汉语词义，是保证译文质量的根本一环。
首先一个词在不同的句子中有不同的含义。
1)This general was charged with treason.. 这个将军被指控犯了叛国罪。
2) The Committee decided to put Professor Henry in charge of the research work.委员会决定让亨利教授负责这项研究工作。
类似短语有take charge of, take charge译为“负责”3)As soon as the moment for the general offensive arrived, the soldiers charged the enemy position bravely. 总攻时间一到，战士们勇猛地向敌人的阵地冲去。
4)She complained that she had been charged too much. 她抱怨说，向她收的费太高了。
5) The powder in place, he rammed in a long iron rod to tamp down the charge..火药装好后，他伸进去一根长铁钎以便把炸药捣实。
6) This store will charge things you buy, and let you pay for them later.这家商店将你所买的东西记入账内，让你以后付款。
7) Having charged the battery, he set the engine in motion. 电池充电后，他启动了马达。
1）Here is a pretty go!2）He is itching to have a go at it.3）The old man is still full of go.4）These brightly colored stockings are all the go this summer.其次，在英语中还存在着一个词的单数和复数意义全然不同、前后搭配不同而意义不同等情况。
第四章：翻译技巧
第四章：翻译技巧第四章：翻译技巧（上）Amplification（增词法）By amplification we mean supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear, to make it more like the language translated into. Of course words thus supplied must indispensable either syntactically or semantically. In other words, a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to the original. There are two kinds: 1)Words for syntactic construction—to secure correctness, 2)Words supplied for semanticcompletion—to secure clearness. Both aim at making the version expressive and readily understood by the reader.Examples:presidential historian ―总统的历史学家‖研究总统的历史学家For mistakes had been made, bad ones, he was severely criticized.―因为已经犯了错误，很严重，他受到了严厉的批评‖―因为已经犯了错误，而且是很严重的错误，他受到了严厉的批评‖Rocket research has proved the str ange fact…..通过火箭进行研究……How she wished she could send that man to the Furies—for the punishment she thought he deserved. Furies [希神]复仇女神(“土地”和“黑暗”的三个女儿, 以清算罪恶为职责, 被描绘成庄严、美丽的女郎, Fury 为其中之一)她真想把那个臭男人交给那母夜叉去整治整治,也好让她出口恶气。
4.翻译的技巧
（梁实秋译）
（王振国译）
答案：B
小节结束
10 返回章重点 退出 返回章重点 退出
课堂互动4：比较并选择理想汉语译文
（参考译文）
1. A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps, for there is a companionship of books as well as of men.
返回章重点 退出
（参考译文）
课堂互动4：比较并选择理想汉语译文
（参考译文） 8. Many language-students think it is enough simply to “know” a grammar rule or the meaning of a word. They do not understand that there is a difference between such things and the actual capacity to make correct sentences and to use words correctly.
12
返回章重点 退出
课堂互动4：比较并选择理想汉语译文
（参考译文）
3. The children’s constant deafening racket everywhere kept the younger ones from sleeping.
A. 小孩子们这儿吵，那儿闹，没完没了，把人耳朵都 震聋了，小不点儿就别想睡觉了。 B. 孩子们到处吵闹，经常不断，震耳欲聋，简直使小 孩子们睡不着觉。 C. 孩子们到处喧闹，经常不断，震耳欲聋，使得小点 儿的孩子们睡不着觉。 答案：C
英汉翻译原理第四章-怎样表达译文
课堂练习
• He intends to take an action in grand style. • He arrived on Sunday night, tired and dusty. • This type of marriage is characterized by constant conflict, tension, and bitterness. • The nation's tradition, its instincts, and its interest make it opposed to Germany.
• Like my friend, I now have an alternative to complaining. When I'm bored with my life, I take my pencils out in the back yard and doodle for an hour, trying to sketch trees that look like trees. • 就像我的朋友一样，我现在有了一种代替抱怨的 东西。当我对生活感到厌倦时，我就拿出铅笔到 后院去心不在焉地乱涂一个小时，试图画出看上 去像树的树木速写。 • 同有位朋友一样，我现在不再抱怨，而是去做一 些别的事情。在生活中感到厌倦时，我就拿起铅 笔，到后院里随便涂鸦个把小时，画画树林的速 写，尽量画得看上去像是树林。
• He was but a man with many grey hairs, with a heavy burden of responsibility, of thoughts and worries. • 他已是长了许多灰发、肩负重任、心中充 满思考和忧虑的人。 • 他已是鬓发斑白，肩负重任，思绪万千， 焦虑满怀。
英语翻译 第四单元 转换法和顺序调整法
3. Some Traps in Negative Structures
否定句在英语中比比皆是。否定句有多种 形式：部分否定、全部否定、双重否定、 意义否定等。同时，否定还有多种变化： 如否定的各种转移，形式否定但意义肯定 等。否定句的翻译常常有很多的陷阱，一 不小心就会在翻译上闹笑话。
1. not…because The engine didn’t stop because the fuel was finished． 引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转。 In that city，we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. 我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧 视。 This version is not placed first because it is simple． 此方案并不因为简易而放在首位。
构成正说反译的要素体现在译文中含有 诸如：无、勿、别、没、否、不、莫、非、 未等表示否定的词。 英语中，有一部分词本身就含有汉语的 否定意义，或构成带有汉语否定意义的词， 但它们并不都表示否定意义，有些只是一 种表达而已。这类词有： ① 动词：miss, refrain (from), ignore, refuse, hate, fail, excuse, neglect, exclude, wander, 等等；
Teaching Contents
• 1. Motivation • Some linguists say “Every language has its peculiarities in negation.” And there is indeed an important difference between Chinese and English in negation---negation in way of thinking and in mode of speaking. Native speakers have their own way of thinking in the negative and expressing negative implication, quite different from ours.
英汉翻译教程 第四章 翻译的技巧
1. How to explain that I was not a proud owner seeking admiration for his vehicle, but a tourist who had broken down?【译文】真不知道怎么说好呢？我又不是一个得意的车主，专门让人家欣赏我的车子来着，而是个路途中有了难处的游客。
2. It is actually very, very old and was not always as beautiful as it is now. It is not certain how the Earth began. Probably it began as a huge globe of gas and dust. The globe became smaller and denser. … Today the outer layer or crust is cool and hard, …【译文】实际上，地球已经非常、非常古老了，它起初并不总像现在这样美丽。
关于地球的起源，尚无定论。
地球开始形成时，很可能是一个由气体和尘埃组成的巨大球体。
地球变得越来越小，越来越密，……今天，地球的外层或地壳已经冷却硬化，……3. Special equipment assures that the computers will not be disturbed by power interruptions that last less than two hours.【译文】在停电两小时以内的情况下，有专门设备能保证计算机正常工作。
4. It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the emotions that she had been prepared for.【译文】那表情不是生气，不是惊讶，不是不满，不是嫌恶，也不是她原先准备应付的任何一种感情。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
第四章翻译的技巧Skills in Translation.课堂互动2：翻译句子（参考译文）1.The sky turned to a tender pallet of pink and blue.【译文】天空变成了一块由粉红色和蓝色构成的色彩柔和的调色板。
2. She had never let him know—never breathed a word.【译文】她根本就没让他知道，从未透露过真情。
3.The president now is on a poverty tour.【译文】总统目前正在访问贫困地区。
4. She doctored in the countryside.【译文】她在农村当医生。
5. The old man carefully doctored the split in the cane chair.【译文】老人仔细修补藤椅上的裂口。
6. The mayor of New York City is the Time magazine’s 2001 Person of the Year.【译文】纽约市市长是2001年《时代》杂志的风云人物。
7. The girls all like Bob because he is a football captain. Nothing succeeds like success.【译文】所有的女孩子都喜欢鲍伯，因为他是个足球队长。
有本事又有人缘。
8. An expensive failure can be made into an asset if you’ve learnt from it, but Monsanto still has some learning to do.【译文】失败的代价虽然昂贵，然而只要你能从中汲取教训，那也是一笔财富。
不过，曼山托公司仍然需要总结教训。
9．In the social production which men carry on they enter into definite relations that are indispensable and independent of their will; these relations of production correspond to a definite stage of development of their material powers of production.【译文】人们在自己生活的社会生产中发生一定的、必然的、不以其意志为转移的关系，即同他们的物质生产力的一定发展阶段相适合的生产关系。
The sum total of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society —the real foundation on which rise legal and political superstructures and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness.【续】这些生产关系的总和构成社会的经济结构，即有法律的和政治的上层建筑建立其上，并有一定的社会意识形式与之相适应的现实基础。
The mode of production in material life determines the general character of the social, political and spiritual processes of life. It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but, on the contrary, their social existence determines their consciousness. (Karl Marx: A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy)续】物质生活的生产方式制约着整个社会生活、政治生活和精神生活的过程。
不是人们的意识决定人们的存在，相反，是人们的社会存在决定人们的意识。
（卡尔·马克思《政治经济学批判》）10. There is no month in the whole year, in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August. Spring has many beauties, and May is a fresh and blooming month；but the charms of this time of year are enhanced by their contrast with the winter season. August has no such advantage. It comes when we remember nothing but clear skies, green fields and sweet-smelling flowers —when the recollection of snow, and ice, and bleak winds, has fadedfrom our minds as completely as they have disappeared from the earth —and yet what a pleasant time it is!【译文】一年之中，八月的自然景色最美。
春天固然美景多多，五月清新，鲜花艳丽，但此乃冬天的反衬所致，八月却不然。
八月来临，寒风未至，雪冰无踪，记忆中只是令人愉悦的时光啊！晴朗的天空、碧绿的田野还有那芬芳的花朵。
Orchards and corn-fields ring with the hum of labor; trees bend beneath the thick clusters of rich fruit which bow their branches to the ground; and the corn, piled in graceful sheaves, or waving in every light breath that sweeps above it, as if it wooed the sickle, tinges the landscape with a golden hue. A mellow softness appears to hang over the whole earth; the influence of the season seems to extend itself to the very wagon, whose slow motion across the well-reaped field, is perceptible only to the eye, but strikes with no harsh sound upon the ear. (Charles Dickens)【续】果园里和麦田间回荡着劳动的歌声，果实压满枝头，枝条弯腰垂地，枝条垂地；麦田一片金黄，已收割的庄稼束捆成摞，整整齐齐，未收割的随着阵阵微风曲腰扭肢，似乎向割镰求爱；大地呈现一派祥和、丰收的景象；这时令的气息似乎也触及到每辆大车，车轮慢慢压过收割过的田野，声音悦耳和谐。
课堂互动3：翻译句子（参考译文）1. We greatly appreciate your kindness.【译文】我们非常感谢你的好意。
2. Do you appreciate the difficulties involved in this undertaking?【译文】你是否意识到担任这项工作可能遇到的困难?3. We all appreciate a holiday after a year of hard work.【译文】我们全部体会到假日的乐趣。
4. He can appreciate classical music.【译文】他能够欣赏古典音乐。
5. His failure to answer question made the police suspicious.【译文】他不回答这一问题引起了警方的怀疑。
6. Man is extending his eyes with radar.【译文】人(人类)借助于雷达扩大视野。
7. It cost him a sight of trouble.【译文】这给他招来一大堆麻烦。
8. The instrument is of great interest, involving as it does a new principle of work.【译文】该仪器由于涉及新的工作原理而具有意义。
(as it does是个短语，意思是“实际上”，在句子中作状语)9．On the evening of December 12, 1944, a host of German generals, the senior field commanders on the Western front, were called to Rundstedt’s headquarters, stripped of their side arms and briefcases, packed into a bus, driven about the dark, snowy countryside for half an hour to make them lose their bearings, and finally deposited at the entrance to a deep underground bunker which turned out to be Hitler’s headquarters at Ziegenberg near Frankfurt.【译文】1944年12月12日晚上，西线的一批德军将领，都是战地高级指挥官，奉召到伦斯德司令部去。
他们交出了随身携带的武器和公文箱包，被推进一辆大轿车里，在乡间黑黝黝的雪地里坐了半小时的车，弄得晕头转向，最后给卸在一个很深的地堡的入口处，原来这是希特勒在法兰克福附近的泽根堡大本营。