2019年江苏高考二轮专题限时集训(23)任务型阅读(Ⅱ)
2018版高考英语二轮专题限时集训：23 任务型阅读(Ⅱ) 含解析
专题限时集训二十三任务型阅读(Ⅱ)(对应学生用书第161页)A(2017·南京、盐城高三二模)“HELL is a city much like London，”said Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819.Modern academics st year Dutch researchers showed that city dwellers(居民)have a 21% higher risk of suffering from anxiety disorders than do their calmer rural countrymen，and a 39% higher risk of suffering from mood disorders.But exactly how the inner workings of the urban and rural minds cause this difference has remained unclear—until now.A study just published in Nature by Andreas Meyer Lindenberg of the University of Heidelberg and his colleagues has used a scanning technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging(功能性磁共振成像，简称fMRI)to examine the brains of city dwellers and countrymen when they are under stress.In Dr Meyer Lindenberg's first experiment，participants lying with their heads in a scanner took maths tests that they were bound to fail(the researchers had designed success rates to be just 25%－40% )．To make the experience still more embarrassing，the team provided negative feedback through headphones，all the while checking participants for indications of stress，such as high blood pressure.The city people's general mental health did not differ from that of the rural countrymen.However，their brains dealt with the stress caused by the experimenters in different ways.These differences were noticeable in two regions：the amygdalas(杏仁核)and the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex(前扣带皮层，简称PACC)．People living in the countryside had the lowest levels of activity in their amygdalas.Those living in towns had higher levels.City dwellers had the highest.In the case of the PACC，however，what mattered was not where someone was living now，but where he or she was brought up.The more urban a person's childhood，the more active his PACC，regardless of where he was dwelling at the time of the experiment.The amygdalas thus seem to respond to the hereandnow while the PACC is programmed early on，and does not react in the same，flexible way as theamygdalas.Secondtosecond changes in its activity might，though，be expected to be connected with changes in the amygdalas，because of its role in regulating them.fMRI allows such connections to be measured.In the cases of those brought up in the countryside，regardless of where they now live，the connections were as expected.For those brought up in cities，however，these connections broke down.The regulatory mechanism of the native urbanite，in other words，seems to be out of order.Dr Meyer Lindenberg and his team conducted several more experiments to check their findings.They asked participants to complete more maths tests—and also tests in which they had mentally ups and downs—while investigators scolded them about their performance.The results matched those of the first test.They also studied another group of volunteers，who were given stressfree tasks to complete.These experiments showed no activity in either the amygdalas or the PACC，suggesting that the earlier results were indeed the result of social stress rather than mental effort.As is usually the case in studies of this sort，the sample size was small and the result showed an association，rather than a definite，causal relationship.That association is，nevertheless，interesting.Living in cities brings many benefits，but Dr Meyer Lindenberg's work suggests that Shelley and his fellow Romantics had at least half a point.Title：Do urban brains behave differently from rural ones?民的大脑活动不同于农村居民的大脑活动。
【精品试题】2019年4月2019届高三第二次全国大联考(江苏卷)语文卷(考试版)
绝密★启用前|2019年第二次全国大联考【江苏卷】语文I试题注意事项：1．本试卷共10页，满分为160分，考试时间为150分钟。
考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
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一、语言文字运用（12分）1．在下面一段话的空缺处依次填入词语，最恰当的一组是（3分）在“知识”这一笼统概念之下的知识，除了有大量无用知识而外，还有相当大数量的坏知识。
这些坏知识产生的动力和，或是人性中的部分，或是错误的实践。
这些知识让我们的能力越来越。
如此情景之下，文学的意义则了——它至少可以帮助我们保持住一份想象力。
A．源头卑劣退化不言而喻B．源头低劣蜕化不言而信C．源泉卑劣蜕化不言而信D．源泉低劣退化不言而喻2．下列对与“雪”有关的典故的分析，错误的一项是（3分）①袁安卧雪——尊师重道②孙康映雪——勤奋苦学③程门立雪——高洁志士④粤犬吠雪——少见多怪⑤蝉不知雪——见识不广⑥六月飞雪——千古冤情A．①③B．②④C．⑤⑥D．②⑤3．在下面一段文字横线处填入语句，衔接最恰当的一项是（3分）在沉闷萧森、枯竭衰退的世纪里，文学曾是情感焦渴的人类的庇荫和走出情感荒漠的北斗。
，，。
①但这些文章仅仅是让我们明白悲悯情怀的必要性②其他文类——比如哲学、伦理学方面的文章，一样是讲悲悯情怀的③我们会在对文学作品的无休止的阅读中，成为一个具有悲悯情怀的人④我们会在阅读这些文字时被感动，悲悯情怀会油然而生⑤我们只是接受并懂得了一个关于悲悯情怀的观念⑥但文学作品——比如《边城》《呼兰河传》A．②①⑥⑤③④B．②①⑤⑥④③C．⑥⑤④③②①D．⑥⑤②①③④4．下列与漫画意境不合的一项是（3分）A．胜日寻芳泗水滨，无边光景一时新。
2019届高三高考语文二模试卷(含答案解析)
2019届高考语文模拟试卷一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成l~3题。
〖〗据新华社10月13日报道，江苏省消保委日前发布的酱油产品比较试验报告显示，“儿童酱油”营养品质未必都优于普通酱油，这120个酱油样品涉及48个品牌56个生产（代理）企业，30个为进口酱油，90个为国产酱油。
试验发现，29个样品存在不符合相应国家标准的情况，5款宣称为“儿童酱油”的产品在营养元素等指标上与普通酱油没有太大差异。
该省消保委提示，目前我国没有“儿童酱油”的相关产品标准，广大消费者在购买所谓“儿童酱油”的时候，应该多一些理性。
利用现在的家庭都非常重视孩子健康的心理，商家打出“儿童专用”的旗号牟利，早已是通行的、公开的做法：同样的商品，加上“儿童”二字就涨价，这些年被曝光的类似情况还少吗？儿童专用漆、儿童蚊香、宝宝驱蚊液、儿童家具等，只要加上“儿童”两个字，价格就会翻好几倍。
事实上，我国除了奶粉等少数食品制定了婴幼儿标准，其他的儿童食品和用品没有专门的标准，商家所谓“儿童专用”基本上是忽悠消费者，往往只是对成人用的东西进行了微小的改造，甚至只是改了包装而已。
对于这种欺诈行为，专家和消费者组织开出的药方往往是，让家长们纠正砸重金让孩子享受高端消费的做法，抵制社会上的消费攀比风。
这确实是个办法，问题是，只能依靠消费者自身吗？消委会指出了“儿童专用”的虚假性问题，下一步应该是政府监管部门来解题了。
对于这种欺诈行为，监管部门应该坚决叫停、严厉惩治。
既然目前很多食品、商品都没有出台儿童专用的标准，那么商家凭什么打出这样的旗号？某种角度上说，监管部门对“儿童专用”商品的虚假宣传采取不闻不问的态度，是这些商品泛滥的重要原因。
对没有依据的所谓“儿童商品”，首先应该根据广告法的规定，界定为虚假广告。
然后再根据广告法进行处罚：“违反本法规定，发布虚假广告的，由工商行政管理部门责令停止发布广告，责令广告主在相应范围内消除影响，处广告费用三倍以上五倍以下的罚款……两年内有三次以上违法行为或者有其他严重情节的，处广告费用五倍以上十倍以下的罚款，广告费用无法计算或者明显偏低的，处一百万元以上二百万元以下的罚款，可以吊销营业执照，并由广告审查机关撤销广告审查批准文件，一年内不受理其广告审查申请。
(江苏专版)2019版高考语文二轮复习 附加题自选练2(含解析)
附加题自选练2(时间：30分钟满分：40分)一、阅读材料，完成1～3题。
(10分)天下之至文未有不出于童心焉者也苟童心常存则道理不行闻见不立，无时不文，无人不文，无一样创制体格文字而非文者。
诗何必古《选》，文何必先秦？降而为六朝，变而为近体，又变而为传奇，变而为院本，为杂剧，为《西厢曲》，为《水浒传》，为今之举子业，皆古今至文，不可得而时势先后论也。
故吾因是而有感于童心者之自文也，更说甚么六经，更说甚么《语》《孟》乎？(节选自李贽《童心说》) 1．用斜线“/”给上面文言文中的画线部分断句。
(限．4．处．)(4分)参考答案：天下之至文/未有不出于童心焉者也/苟童心常存/则道理不行/闻见不立(划对一处得1分，多划一处倒扣1分，扣完为止)2．“杂剧”发展到元代属于元曲的一种，元曲四大家包括关汉卿、白朴、、。
(2分)参考答案：马致远郑光祖(每空1分)3．文段中作者提出了怎样的文学主张？请用自己的话简要回答。
(不超过30个字)(4分)答：参考答案：文章发自童心就能成为至文，不能厚古薄今。
参考译文：天下最好的文章，没有不是发自童心的。
如果童心常在，则道理不被传播，见闻不被接受，任何时代，任何人，用任何体裁都可以写出极好的作品来。
诗歌何必一定推崇《文选》，文章何必非得看重先秦？古诗演变成六朝诗，再到近体诗，古文也发展为唐朝传奇，金代院本，元代杂剧，《西厢记》，《水浒传》，还有当今科举的八股文，都是古今最好的文章，绝不能以时代先后为标准厚古薄今。
所以，我对那些发自童心的文章体会最深，还说什么六经，还说什么《论语》《孟子》呢？二、名著阅读题(15分)4．下列对有关名著的说明，不正确的两项．．．．．．是(5分)( )A．《老人与海》中，主人公是美国老渔夫桑地亚哥，他一连84天都没有钓到一条鱼，但他充满着奋斗精神，不肯认输，第85天终于钓到一条大马林鱼。
B．《欧也妮·葛朗台》中，拿侬原替农家放牛，农家失火，她丢了饭碗，进城来找差事，因为长相丑陋，到处吃闭门羹，只有老葛朗台收留了她。
2019届高考英语专题限时集训23 语法填空(Ⅱ)
专题限时集训(二十三) 语法填空(Ⅱ)(对应学生用书第135页)A(2017·石家庄市教学质量检测二)Felicity Miller，a 32yearold British woman，1. has a Chinese husband，still remembers the 2. (excite) when she first learned to use the “red packet” function on WeChat in 2015.She sent and grabbed some red packets in her Chinese family's group.The rule in her family was that the person who grabbed the 3. (high) amount sent the next.Attracted by the unique way of communicating, many foreigners 4.(join) in sending and grabbing red packets so ually，the money in each packetis random.Thus the amount of money one can grab 5. (large) depends onhis or her luck，from 0.01 yuan to less than 200 yuan. Many foreigners get more familiar 6. Chinese culture through “red packets”．Two years ago，when Felicity Miller was sent 5.20 or 8.88 yuan red packets，she had no clue about the 7. (hide) meanings.Now，she has not only known about them，but also has sent a few.However，the popularity of virtual red packets doesn't stop people sending paper red packets 8. (contain) real cash during the Spring Festival.It 9.(call) lucky money.In Chinese tradition，people take giving children lucky money as 10.blessing.【语篇解读】 许多外国人通过“微信红包”更加熟悉中国文化。
2019年高考英语二轮专题限时集训23 语法填空(Ⅳ)
专题限时集训(二十三)语法填空(Ⅳ)A(2018·芜湖市模拟)Stephen Hawking，a great physicist，was born in Oxford in 1942.He went to school at St.Albans.After graduation，Hawking first went to Oxford University 1. he studied physics，and then he furthered his study in Cambridge University.As he 2. (honest)admitted，he didn't work hard.He was a lazy student，and he did very little work. 3. ，he still got good grades.At the age of 20，he first noticed something wrong with him.His mother was very worried and took him 4. (see)a doctor.The doctor said he had 5.very serious illness and he 6. (die)before he was 23.Hearing the news，he became very sad and 7. (disappoint)．After coming out of the hospital，he came to know that nobody should lose hope.“Life is not fair，”he once said.“You just have to do the 8. (good)．”Then he conducted some of the most important scientific 9. (study)and worked at Cambridge University as a professor.His contributions 10. the world will live on for many years.【答案】 1.where 2.honestly 3.However 4.to see 5.a 6.would die 7.disappointed8.best9.studies10.toB(2018·湖北省八校联考)China has always been famous for being a “State of Etiquette(礼仪)”．According to historical documents，as early as 2,600 years ago，this nation has already established a thorough set 11. dining etiquette.A famous 19th century Russian writer，Anton Chekhov，once invited a Chinese man 12. (have)a drink in a bar.Chekhov said，“ Before drinking from his cup，he held 13. with his hands and presented to me and the bar owner and bartenders，14. (say)‘qing (please)’．This is the custom of China.They are not like us to finish it in one drink，15. prefer to drink by taking a small amount at a time.With every sip(一小口)，he 16. (eat)some food.Afterwards he handed me some Chinese 17. ( coin)to show gratitude.This is a rather interestingly polite nationality...” This was the most valuable opinion of a Chinese person 18. was given by a foreigner two centuries ago.Chinese traditional dinner procedures used to be long and dealt 19. (serious)with；the 20. (important)the occasion，the more complex the procedures were.【答案】11.of12.to have13.it14.saying15.but16.ate17.coins 18.that19.seriously20．more importantC(2018·淄博市模拟)The change will give France one of the lowest compulsory school starting ages in Europe.But it will only affect a small number of children，as the 21. (major)of French families already choose to send their children to school 22. three.Only 2.4%of children are not enrolled at that age，government figures show.Mr Macron said the change was intended 23. (reduce)inequality in education，as parents in poorer areas of France and in overseas territories are 24. (little)likely to send their children to school at an early age.In Paris,93%of three-year-olds are enrolled 25. the figure is much lower in some overseas territories，according to Le Monde.He hailed the change as“a founding moment in the French education system”．There 26. (be)much debate about when children should begin formal education.A study 27. (publish)in 2015 found that children who started school later were less likely to be inattentive or hyperactive in class.Finland，Poland and Estonia—three of Europe's most academically 28. (success)countries—have a school starting age of seven.But children in those countries have usually been in a nursery，29. they have been learning through play and games.Class sizes are also 30. (general)smaller.【答案】21.majority22.at23.to reduce24.less25．but/while26.is27.published28.successful29．where30.generallyD(2018·福州市四校联考)I went to a classical music concert yesterday and I loved it.31. I particularly experienced in a different way is how much I appreciated the musicians.I am 32. grateful for the gifts 33. (share)by the musicians with the audience that I'll carry this special feeling along with me.I have noticed how the music can change one's view，and I am thankful for the way musicians work to the best of their 34. (able)to provide this music for their audience.This new-found appreciation is thanks to the kindness that I have been allowed 35. (develop)here on KindSpring and from all of you KindSpringers.On 36. topic of classical music，I always love the clapping and thecheering 37. come at the end of a concert.38. (specific)in classical music concerts the applause can last six or seven minutes.It always 39. (lift)my spirits，but now I know that it's because it is an act of gratitude(感激)to the musicians and the music.Thanks 40. classical music concerts，I'll never fail to carry on with the act.【答案】31.What32.so33.shared34.abilities35．to develop36.the37.that/which38.Specifically39．lifts40.to。
2019年江苏高考二轮专题限时集训(24)任务型阅读(Ⅲ)
专题限时集训二十四任务型阅读(Ⅲ)(对应学生用书第163页)A【导学号：25874080】(2017·通、扬、泰、淮高三三模)We all need to feel understood，recognized and affirmed(证实)by our friends，family and romantic partners.We all need to find our tribe.Research has shown that among the benefits that come with being in a relationship or group，feeling accepted is regarded as the most important driver of meaning.When other people think you matter and treat you as if you matter，you believe you matter，too.Though we all share a need to belong，in the first decades of the 20th century，many influential psychologists and physicians did not acknowledge this fundamental aspect of human nature.The idea that children needed parental love and care to live a full and meaningful life was not only considered medically dangerous，but it was dismissed as immoral and disgusting.As behavioural psychology came into fashion and academic psychologists turned their attention to childraising，this view shifted and they began to examine and affirm the vital importance of attachment in early life.They discovered that people，whatever their age，needed more than food and shelter to live full and healthy lives.But，sadly，many of us lack close ties.At a time when we are more connected digitally than ever before，rates of social isolation(孤立)are rising.The results of an Age UK poll published recently suggest that half a million people over the age of 60 usually spend each day alone，and it's not unusual for another half a million people to go five or six days without seeing or speaking to someone.All these figures reveal more than a rise in loneliness—they reveal a lack of meaning in people's lives.In surveys，we list our close relationships as our mostimportant sources of meaning.Research shows that people who are lonely and isolated feel their lives are less meaningful.While close relationships are critical for living a meaningful life，they are not the only important social bonds we need to cultivate(培养)．Psychologists have also discovered the value of small moments of intimacy(亲昵行为)．“High-quality connections”，as one researcher calls them，are positive，shortterm interactions between two people when a couple holds hands on a walk or when two strangers have an empathetic(移情作用的)conversation on a plane.High-quality connections have the potential to unlock meaning in our interactions with acquaintances，colleagues and strangers.We can't control whether someone will make a highquality connection with us，but we can all choose to start one.We can say hello to a stranger on the street rather than look away.We can choose to value people rather than devalue them.We can invite people to belong.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。
2.9【二轮复习】专题限时集训(二)细胞代谢中的酶和ATP(解析)
酶1．滴加肝脏研磨液促使过氧化氢的分解及滴加FeCl3溶液提高过氧化氢的分解速率均涉及“降低化学反应活化能”原理。
(√) 2．同无机催化剂相比，酶所提供的活化能更多，因而催化效率更高。
(×)提示：酶具有催化作用的原理是降低化学反应的活化能，不是提供活化能。
3．过酸、过碱或温度过高，都会使酶的空间结构遭到破坏，使酶永久失活。
(√) 4．酶活性受温度、pH、底物浓度及酶量的影响。
(×)提示：底物浓度、酶量不影响酶的活性。
5．同一个体各种体细胞中酶的种类相同、数量不同，代谢不同。
(×)提示：同一个体各种体细胞中酶的种类不一定相同。
6．用淀粉和淀粉酶探究温度对酶活性的影响时，既可用碘液也可用斐林试剂作为检测试剂。
(×)提示：探究温度对酶活性的影响时选用斐林试剂作为检测试剂需要水浴加热，会改变实验温度。
7．探究胃蛋白酶的最适pH时，将其加入蛋清中再加入缓冲液。
(×)提示：应先加缓冲液再加蛋清。
8．探究温度对酶活性的影响时，将酶与底物溶液在室温下混合后于不同温度下保温。
(×)提示：应将酶与底物分别在设定的温度下保温，然后混合。
ATP1．一个ATP中含有两个高能磷酸键，且都容易形成和水解。
(×)提示：ATP中远离腺苷的那个高能磷酸键更容易形成和水解。
2．酶催化的化学反应都需要ATP。
(×)提示：酶催化的化学反应不一定需要ATP，如放能反应。
3．ATP水解释放的能量可用于细胞内的吸能反应。
(√) 4．人在饥饿时，细胞中ATP与ADP的含量难以达到动态平衡。
(×)提示：人在饥饿时，细胞中ATP与ADP的含量能够达到动态平衡。
5．细胞质中消耗的ATP均来源于线粒体和叶绿体。
(×)提示：细胞质中消耗的ATP可来源于线粒体，也可来源于细胞质基质，叶绿体中产生的ATP只用于暗反应。
6．有氧条件下，植物根尖细胞的线粒体、叶绿体和细胞质基质都能产生ATP。
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专题限时集训二十三任务型阅读(Ⅱ)(对应学生用书第161页)A(2017·南京、盐城高三二模)“HELL is a city much like London，”said Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819.Modern academics st year Dutch researchers showed that city dwellers(居民)have a 21% higher risk of suffering from anxiety disorders than do their calmer rural countrymen，and a 39% higher risk of suffering from mood disorders.But exactly how the inner workings of the urban and rural minds cause this difference has remained unclear—until now.A study just published in Nature by Andreas Meyer Lindenberg of the University of Heidelberg and his colleagues has used a scanning technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging(功能性磁共振成像，简称fMRI)to examine the brains of city dwellers and countrymen when they are under stress.In Dr Meyer Lindenberg's first experiment，participants lying with their heads in a scanner took maths tests that they were bound to fail(the researchers had designed success rates to be just 25%－40% )．To make the experience still more embarrassing，the team provided negative feedback through headphones，all the while checking participants for indications of stress，such as high blood pressure.The city people's general mental health did not differ from that of the rural countrymen.However，their brains dealt with the stress caused by the experimenters in different ways.These differences were noticeable in two regions：the amygdalas(杏仁核)and the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex(前扣带皮层，简称PACC)．People living in the countryside had the lowest levels of activity in their amygdalas.Those living in towns had higher levels.City dwellers had the highest.In the case of the PACC，however，what mattered was not where someone was living now，but where he or she was brought up.The more urban a person's childhood，the more active his PACC，regardless of where he was dwelling at the time of the experiment.The amygdalas thus seem to respond to the hereandnow while the PACC is programmed early on，and does not react in the same，flexible way as theamygdalas.Secondtosecond changes in its activity might，though，be expected to be connected with changes in the amygdalas，because of its role in regulating them.fMRI allows such connections to be measured.In the cases of those brought up in the countryside，regardless of where they now live，the connections were as expected.For those brought up in cities，however，these connections broke down.The regulatory mechanism of the native urbanite，in other words，seems to be out of order.Dr Meyer Lindenberg and his team conducted several more experiments to check their findings.They asked participants to complete more maths tests—and also tests in which they had mentally ups and downs—while investigators scolded them about their performance.The results matched those of the first test.They also studied another group of volunteers，who were given stressfree tasks to complete.These experiments showed no activity in either the amygdalas or the PACC，suggesting that the earlier results were indeed the result of social stress rather than mental effort.As is usually the case in studies of this sort，the sample size was small and the result showed an association，rather than a definite，causal relationship.That association is，nevertheless，interesting.Living in cities brings many benefits，but Dr Meyer Lindenberg's work suggests that Shelley and his fellow Romantics had at least half a point.Title：Do urban brains behave differently from rural ones?【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项研究。
该研究发现，城市居民的大脑活动不同于农村居民的大脑活动。
这或许解释了城市居民患焦虑症和情感障碍症的概率较高的原因。
1．develop/catch/have/suffer[直接信息题。
根据第一段中的“Last year Dutch researchers showed that city dwellers(居民)have a 21% higher risk of suffering from anxiety disorders than do their calmer rural countrymen”可知答案。
] 2．stress/embarrassment[信息转换题。
根据第二段中的“To make the experience still more embarrassing”“stress”可知答案。
]3．followed[信息归纳题。
通过对第四段中的“People living in the countryside had the lowest levels of activity in their amygdalas.Those living in towns had higher levels.City dwellers had the highest”进行概括可知答案。
followed by“紧随其后的是”。
]4．flexibly/differently[信息转换题。
根据第五段中的“...and does not react in the same，flexible way as the amygdalas”可知答案。
]5．decided/determined[信息归纳题。
根据对第四段中的“what mattered was not where someone was living now，but where he or she was brought up”进行概括可知答案。
decide/determine“决定”。
]6．young[信息转换题。
根据第四段中的“The more urban a person's childhood”可知答案。
at a young age“小时候”。