高考复习第1讲 阅读理解技巧篇之细节题(无答案)

第1讲阅读理解技巧篇之细节题(直接细节信息题和细节信息筛选题)题型特点细节理解题：主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。

题型划分：●直接细节信息题●细节信息筛选●细节信息转换●细节信息整合题型解读考查能力：●信息捕捉能力●信息理解能力●信息转化能力●信息整合能力●抗干扰能力解题步骤●读题干，找题眼●依据题眼，地毯式搜索，寻读法●锁定信息，精读，比对选项题一：Dear Lora,
Greetings from the Harvard Graduate School of Education! As we begin recruiting (招收) talented students from different backgrounds for the 2019⁃2020 academic year, we would like to ask about your plans for graduate study and highlight some new developments on the HGSE Admissions website.Apply to HGSEWe are pleased to announce that our online application is now live! You can access the form, requirements, and instructions on our website. The application deadline for the Doctor of Education Leadership (Ed. L. D.) is March 15, 2019, while the Master of Education(Ed. M.)deadline is April 5, 2019.Doctor of Philosophy in Education (Ph. D) HGSE and the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences ( GSAS ) additionally offer the students a Ph. D. in Education. Applications for this research-based doctorate (博士学位) must be sent to GSAS by February 20, 2019.Connect with HGSE
We have begun posting the schedule of our fall recruitment events on our website，the first of which is the New York City Idealist Grad Fair on Thursday, January 31. Please check our website for details about this and other off-campus and online information sessions. Note that we are continuing to add events as they are scheduled.Update Your Communication PreferencesPlease take a moment to update your information (e.g., contact info, program preference) to reflect any changes since you signed up initially, so that we may communicate with you in a way that best fits your needs. If you’re no longer considering HGSE for graduate study, click on the unsubscribe link at the bottom of this email message; you will no longer receive communications from the Admissions Office.As always, you are welcome to contact us with your questions. We look forward toconnecting with you in the near future and hope we will have a chance to read your application this spring.Sincerely,
Julia Deland, Ed, MDirector of Admissions31. An application for Doctor of Education Leadership must be submitted by ________.A. April 5, 2019
B. March 15, 2019
C. January 31, 2019D. February 20, 201932. In the email, Lora is advised to _______.A. update her information
B. subscribe the email messages
C. post her schedule on the websiteD. organize some activities for the fairUpdate Your Communication Preferences错误选项的套路●原文信息，但与题目无关●偷梁换柱，与原文信息有相似度，略微变动，大相径庭●无中生有，文中没有出现的细节信息●张冠李戴，视觉亲切，混淆视听第2讲阅读理解技巧篇之细节题(细节信息转换题和细节信息整合题)题一：阅读理解1. Dr. Amanda Harris was ready for sleep since it was already 11 pm. The phone rang. On the other end of the line was a woman about to break a promise. The woman was her mother’s neighbor. Flora Harris had made the neighbor swear she wouldn’t tell her daughter she’d had a heart attack and was in hospital. The neighbor wisely decided to disobey orders.2. Amanda desperately wanted to get to the hospital immediately, but she couldn’t. She lives in Washington D. C., and her mother lives in California. For the past year and a half, Amanda has gone to Los Angeles every other month to take care of her mother. Flora Harris takes care of her husband James, who’s 91 and has Alzheimer’s disease. They live in their own home, and a caregiver comes to help them a few hours a day.3. Amanda is one of many Americans facing the heartache of how to take care of aging parents from afar. She’s often worried and guilty, not to mention busy with a demanding job, two teenage daughters and the frequent trips to California.4. In some ways, Amanda is lucky. She has the resources to make the trips to Los Angeles. Plus, she is a doctor who treats the elderly. She’s treated countless patients whose children live far away.5. “But it’s still tough,” she says. “I can foresee what the next few years are going to look like, and it’s not a pretty picture. There will come a time when my father won’t recognize me and I worry he’s going to be violent and hurt my mother.”6. So what do you do when you live a continent away from your aging, sick parents? You can hire someone to help, but you can’t count on it completely.24. Why is Amanda worried and guilty?A. She is tired of taking care of her husband.B. She cannot afford to go to California often.C. She cannot take good care of her aging parents.D. She has headache disease and cannot do a demanding job.25. The author considers Amanda lucky because_________.A. her parents are well cared by a caregiverB. she has experience of treating the elderlyC. her parents are not very oldD. she has a lot of free time26. What’s one of the symptoms of a person with Alzheimer’s disease?A. Having no sense of pain.B. Having heart attacks often.C. Always feeling worried and guilty.D. Being unable to recognize relatives.细节信息转换的套路同义词语转换词性或语态的转换语言简化，概括性强正话反说，或反话正说细节信息整合●锁定题眼，扫读原文●关键词处信息量不够●跨句子，跨段落搜集信息●将相关信息综合起来，最终得出答案满分秘籍●会审题，会抓关键词●好心态，不能怕麻烦●明套路，排除干扰项●养习惯，认真不草率第3讲阅读理解技巧篇之推理判断题(对文中特定信息的推断) 考查重点●理解原文字面意思为基础●明晰文中的细节暗示●缕清句子之间的逻辑关系●理解作者要传达的深层含义或隐含意思题型特点●细节推理判断—根据文中具体的某一句话或几句话的信息进行推理●归纳推理判断—根据全文的内容和结构，进行推理判断➢语句隐含意义的推断➢作者观点态度的推断➢作者写作目的的推断➢文章出处的推断常见的发问词infer, imply, suggest, conclude, learn, intend, mean, describe…purpose, attitude…can, could, might, would…probably, likely…常见发问句式1. It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that __________.2. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?3. In which of the following publications (出版物) would this passage most likely be printed?4. The passage implies, but doesn’t directly state that __________.5. The writer suggests that __________.6. The author probably feels that __________.7. The author uses the example of … to show that __________.8. What’s the author’s attitude toward…?解题关键●锁定关键信息，回归文中，寻找依据●获取足够信息，有理有据，忠于原文，顺应主旨●抵抗原话诱惑，不做多余推理，不做片面结论，不以主观代替作者本意题一：阅读理解1.Dormitory management officials in universities say that lately they are noticing something different：students seem to lack the will and skill to address their ordinary conflicts. “We have students who are mad at each other and they text each other in the same room,” says a teacher. “So many of our roommate conflicts are because kids don’t know how to negotiate.”2. And as many psychologists will tell you, bottled emotions lead to silent unhappiness that can boil over into frustration and anger. “At Florida University, emotional outbreaks occur about once a week, ” the dormitory director says. “It used to be：‘Let’s sit down and talk about it,’ ” he says. “Recently, roommate conflicts have increased. The students don’t have the person-to-person discussions and they don’t know how to handle them.” The problem is most impressive among freshmen; dormitory officials say some students even never seem to catch on till graduation, and they worry about how such students will deal with conflicts after college.3. Administrators suppose that relying on cell phones and the Internet may have made it easier for young people to avoid uncomfortable meetings. Why express anger in person when you can do it in a text? Facebook makes the situation worse as complaints go public. “Things are posted on someone’s wall on Facebook：‘Oh, my roommate kept me up all night studying,’ ” says Dana Pysz, an assistant director in the housing office at California University. “It’s a different way to express their conflicts to each other. ” In recent group discussions at North Carolina State University, students said they would not even accuse the noisy neighbors on their floor face to face.4. Administrators also point to parents who have fixed their children’s problems in their entire lives. Now in college, the children lack the skills to attend to even modest conflicts. Would these parents continue to take care of everything on campus?33. According to the passage, we can infer that _______A. parents are the main factor to make their children lose the skills.B. sometimes cell phones cause the students’ conflicts in their dormitories.C. students handled it directly when they were in conflict.D. unhappy and cornered emotions resulted in quarrels between students once a week.对文中特定信息的推论错误选项的特征●对原文的简单陈述●原文无依据●推理过度●偷换概念●过于绝对●违背主旨●以个别事实代替普遍规律第4讲阅读理解技巧篇之推理判断题(作者写作目的,观点态度和文章出处的推断)题一：1. Late last year, a New Zealand newspaper reported that China was sending 120 doctors to a Pacific island to assist with their community health. A positive action, one might think, but the focus of the story was to ask what China was doing in the Pacific, and how we have failed to the extent that we have allowed this to happen. What are the Chinese doing on “our patch”?2. In fact, the rise of China is to a certain degree promoted as a threat. The challenge to the West, then, is to improve an appreciation of what China is. How does China’s cultural heritage present a positive advantage to the world?3. To understand this, it is important to consider the foundations of Chinese culture and society. China has more than 5,000 years of uninterrupted cultural development. We at least need to go back 2,500 years to study Taoism, for its cultural and philosophical roots, and Confucius for his social philosophy and influence on society.4. Taoism provides us with many aspects of the special nature of Chinese culture and philosophy. The concept of yin and yang in Taoism, which brings us balance through the integration of opposites, is well-known but not fully understood in the West. Chinese medicine, which tends to take a longer time to take effect, with a focus to work in harmony with the body, is to restore imbalance causing diseases rather than targeting only the specific symptom or problem area.5. Confucius’ contribution to Chinese society also provides a difference to Western society. Eastern society places the community as the most important component of society. In Western society, it is the individual that is considered to be the unit of society, compatible with an objectiveanalysis of issues.6. Considering a monkey, a cow and a banana, which is the odd one out? The vast majority of Chinese will choose the cow because the monkey eats the banana, which gives food to the monkey. Western people invariably choose the banana because they see the objective classification of the monkey and cow. The consideration of these two responses, and extension into deeper philosophical understanding, presents a major difference between Chinese and Western thought.7. Therefore, the challenge to the West is to embrace an alternative perspective on issues. It is time for Western media to seek a balance in reporting affairs, and critique (评判) the Western perspective. It is time for a Chinese voice to be heard in the West.63. Why is Chinese medicine mentioned in the passage?A. To help better understand Taoism.B. To define the concept of yin and yang.C. To emphasize the contributions of Taoism.D. To express the author’s pride in Chinese culture.65. The author’s purpose of writing the passage is to ______.A. warn the West of the threat of ChinaB. introduce to the West what China really isC. recommend the West to accept the rise of ChinaD. appeal to the West to have an objective attitude to China题二：1. As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating (发电) and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.2. The 19th century saw land grants (政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. With the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns, which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died.3. Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.4. So trade-offs will have to be made. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species (物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.5. The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.6. The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it willshape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So let’s remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.69. What is the author’s attitude towards building solar plants?A. CautiousB. ApprovingC. DoubtfulD. Disapproving70. Where does the passage probably come from ________.A. a science fictionB. a literature bookC. an economic reportD. an advertisement。