商务英语合同Contract
unit6商务英语写作 商务合同
Unit 6 sales confirmation and purchase contract售货确认书和购货合同1. 合同的定义• A contract is a binding agreement between two or more parties. Contracts are formed through negotiations between the buyer and the seller. Once a deal is made, traders may sign two copies of contract face to face. Or the seller may send two copies signed by him to the buyer for counter-signature and the buyer should return one copy to the seller for file.•买卖双方经过磋商，一方的发盘被另一方有效接受，交易即成，合同宣告成立。
但在实际业务中，按照一般习惯做法，买卖双方达成协议后，通常要制作书面合同将各自的权利和义务用书面形式加以明确，这就是所谓的签订合同在国际贸易中，书面合同主要采取两种形式：（1）一种是内容较为简单的简式合同，如销售确认书（Sales Confirmation ）、购货确认书(Purchase Confirmation).（2）另一种是条款较为完备、内容较全面的正式合同，如进口合同（Import Contract)、出口合同（Export Contract）、购货合同（Purchase Contract）、销售合同(Sales Contract2. 合同和确认书的对比•报关时SALES CONFIRMATION 就是当SALES CONTRACT 来用的。
SALES CONFIRMATION侧重的是产品，流程和条款确认，而 SALES CONTRACT侧重的则是产品及描述的确认。
商务英语合同复习资料
商务英语合同复习资料Matching T erm1. Contract: an agreement which the parties intend to be legally binding2. Privity of Contract：a contract cannot confer rights or impose obligations on anyone who is not a party to it, and nobody other than the parties can enforce that contract or have in enforced against him.3. Agency：the relationship between the principal and the agent.4. Joint obligation：a single obligation owed jointly by all the members of the group.5. Several obligation：an obligation which is spilt between the members of the group.6. Offer: An expression of willingness to contract on certain terms, made with the intention that it shall become binding as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom it is addressed.7. Acceptance: An express act or implication that manifests assent to the terms of an offer so that a binding contract is formed.8. Consideration: Something of value given by both parties to a contract that includes them to enter into the agreement to exchange mutual performances.9. Counter offer: An offer made in response to a previous offer by the other party during negotiations for a final contract.10. Contractual capacity: The ability of both natural and legal persondetermine whether they may make binding amendments to the rights,duties and obligations.11. Strict Liability: Each party has to perform its obligations under thatcontract exactly and in full, and anything less than exact and full performance is breach of the contract by that party.12. Interpretation of a contract: A matter of working out, from theterms of that contract, what the parties meant at the time the contract was made.13. De minimis: The discrepancy is too small to amount to a breach ofthe contract.14. Best Endeavors: Do everything within the power, irrespective of theeffort or expense involved.15.Conditional obligations: An obligation the performance of which isexcused if a certain event occurs.Multiple Choices21. _______ is a specific amount of money in the clause of a contractto be paid as damages in the event of future default or breach of contract.A. Compensatory damageB. Consequential damageC. Nominal damageD. Liquidated damage22. A business enterprise that is directly or indirectly owned orcontrolled by another entity is called _______.A. affiliated companyB. holding companyC. limited liability companyD. parent company23. ________ is a type of business entity that is owned and run by oneindividual and in which there is no legal distinction between the owner and business.A. Limited companyB. Partnership companyC. Sole TraderD. Holding company24. _______ is a remedy whereby a contract is canceled and theparties are restored to the original positions that they occupied prior to the transactions.A. Specific performanceB. DamageC. RestitutionD. Rescission25. _______ is a person or entity that is not a party to a contract butthat will benefit from a contract made between other parties.A. offerorB. offereeC. AgentD. Beneficiary26. An offer will be valid, when ______.A. The offeror must communicate an intention to be bound.B. The offeree must have accepted the offer.C. The proposal must be definite.D. The proposal must be addressed to one or more specific persons.27. Which of the following statements is an acceptance?A. “ I accept the offer, but I wish I could have gotten a better price.”B. “ I accept, but can you shave your price.”C. “ I accept the offer but only if I can pay on ninety days? credit.”D. “ I accept; please send written contract.”28. A sheriff cannot collect a reward for information leading to thecapture of a criminal because he has _____ to capture the criminal.A. preexisting agreementB. preexisting dutyC. past considerationD. sufficient consideration29. _______ refers to reward of money intended to compensate anon-breaching party for the loss of the bargain.A. Punitive damagesB. Compensatory damagesC. Consequential damagesD. Liquidated damages30. The most common way to discharge one’s contractual duties is by_____.A. accord and satisfactionB. rescissionC. novationD. performance31. In an international sales contract, the balance of power betweencontracting parties _______.A. can work against the stronger party in contract enforcement.B. can work against the weaker party in contract negotiation.C. usually tips to the party who is not familiar with written contracts.D. usually tips in favor of the party who does not draft the contract32. The governing law provision in an international contract willusually affect _____.A. where you can sueB. where you can enforce judgmentC. what laws, rules and procedures will be appliedD. all of the above33. ______ is a specific amount of money in the clause of a contract tobe paid as damages in the event of future default or breach of contract.A. Compensatory damageB. Consequential damageC. Nominal damageD. Liquidated damage34. Which of the following statements can be regarded as an offer?A. “Will you sell Blythe Estate?”B. “ I would not sell my car for less than $1000.”C. “ I will sell this book at US $10 to you.”D. “ I will sell my house to you when I think necessary.”35. In general, the following persons EXCEPT _______ have limitedcompetence to enter into contract.A. minorsB. legal personsC. intoxicated personsD. mentally incompetent persons36. Are all contracts also agreements? _____.A. Y esB. NoC. It depends onD. Negative37. Are all agreements also contracts? ______.A. Y esB. NoC. All the timeD. Affirmative38. Will the law enforce all agreements? _____.A. Y esB. No. The law will, however, enforce all contracts.C. No. The law will, however, enforce all valid contracts.D. Y es. The law will, however, enforce all reasonable agreements.39. I bought a diesel engine eight years ago. I tell you that my engineis three years old and offer to sell it to you for $100, you get the engine but find that it is actually ten years old. Will the lawhelp me get the $100 from you?A. Y esB. No. Because the contract was too one-sided.C. No. Because the contract was about a diesel engine.D. No. Because the contract was based on fraud.40. Smith promises to give his girlfriend a cheque for $1000 for herbirthday, and write her a note as evidence. He dose not give her money. Will the law help Sm ith’s girlfriend to get her $1000?_____.A. Y es.B. No. Because the contract is too one-sided.C. No. Because the contract is made about a small sum.D. No. Because the contract is based on fraud41. Which of the following is a separate legal entity? _____.A. a sole traderB. a partnershipC. a registered companyD. a person42. As to a company, which of the following can not be changed?____.A. nameB. ownershipC. a registered numberD. ID43. As to a group of companies, the holding company is a legal entity,and the subsidiaries are also legal entities.A. trueB. falseC. half rightD. negative44. The principal is bound by any contract entered into by the agentwithin the actual authority.A. trueB. falseC. it depends onD. negative45. Most businesses are run by companies and they can act throughthemselves.A. true.B. falseC. half wrongD. affirmative46. “Liquidated damages” is a figure agreed on by both partiesallowing a round sum for possible damages instead of calculating the exact actual damage suffered by the injured party.A. trueB. falseC. half trueD. negative.47. When will a court allow the cancellation of a contract?A. If any condition is breached.B. If the clause is breached.C. If a warranty is breached.D. If any clause that goes to the root of the contract ismateriallybreached.48. An American court will always look at decisions in past caseswhen making its decision on a present case. ________.A. trueB. falseC. it depends onD. negative49. Continental law is based on a fixed Legal Code.A. trueB. falseC. half rightD. negative50. The applicable law is the national law that will be used if there isa dispute or problem.A. trueB. falseC. half rightD. negativeTranslation51. If either party notifies the other parties that it will not, or is unable to, perform this agreement, the party receiving notices is entitled to cancel the agreement.52. The Seller shall not be held liable for failure or delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods under this Sales Contract in consequence of any Force Majeure incidents.53. 如果卖方不能交货，卖方将向买方支付总计1百万美元的赔偿金。
商务英语合同范本中高频的英语单词
商务英语合同范本中高频的英语单词在商务活动中，合同是保障各方权益、明确责任义务的重要文件。
而商务英语合同范本中，有一些高频出现的单词，它们对于准确理解和撰写合同起着关键作用。
接下来，让我们一同来探索这些高频单词。
首先，“agreement”这个词可谓是商务合同中的常客。
它的意思是“协议；同意；一致”。
在合同中，通常用于表示双方达成的某种约定或共识，例如“This agreement is made between Party A and Party B”（本协议由甲方和乙方订立。
）“contract”也是不可或缺的高频词，意为“合同；契约”。
比如，“The contract stipulates the terms and conditions of the transaction”（该合同规定了交易的条款和条件。
）“obligation”常用来表达“义务；责任”。
在合同里，明确各方的义务是至关重要的，“Each party has the obligation to fulfill the terms of the contract”（各方都有履行合同条款的义务。
）“liability”这个单词表示“责任；债务；负债”。
例如，“The company shall bear no liability for any losses arising from force majeure”（公司对因不可抗力造成的任何损失不承担责任。
）“performance”指“履行；执行；性能”。
“The performance of the contract is subject to certain conditions”（合同的履行取决于某些条件。
）“breach”常被用于“违约；违反”的意思。
“In case of breach of contract, the defaulting party shall be liable for damages”（若有违约情况，违约方应承担损害赔偿责任。
《商务英语翻译》第7章 第三节 商务合同的翻译
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一、商务合同的种类
正式合同 Contract 协议书 Agreement 确议书 Confirmation 备忘录 Memorandum 意向书 Letter of intent
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二、商务合同的构成部分
合同一般包括首部、正文和尾部。
1.
首部 (Preamble of Contract )
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3. 说明签约时间： This Contract is made and signed in Guangzhou on July 21,2011, by and between (A) (hereinafter referred to as the Seller) and (B)(hereinafter refered to as the Buyer). The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the following goods subject to the following conditions: 本合同由（甲）（以下称卖方）和（乙） （以下称买方）于2011年7月21日在广州签 订，买方向卖方订购下列商品，条件如下：
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Translate the Contract of Employing an
Foreign Expert on Page 198-200.
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常用合同条款的翻译: 1. 签约的目的和背景： Whereas the first Party is willing to employ the second Party and the second Party agrees to do as first Party’s Engineer in Encomo Dam Project, it is hereby mutually agreed as follows: 鉴于甲方愿聘乙方，乙方同意应聘为甲方 在Encomo 大坝工程的工程师。双方特此 协议如下:
Contracts商务英语合同
￭ Lease Contract
租赁合同
￭ Labor Contract
职工劳动合同
￭ Training Contract
培训合同
￭ Advertising Contract
登刊广告合同
￭ Contract Arbitration Contract 仲裁合同
￭ Contract Management Contact
3) Counter-offer
例：前面所举的运动衫发盘的受盘人根据发盘作 出如下还盘：
Your cable 10th counter offer USD 70 per dozen CIF NEW YORK, May shipment D/P 30 days 原发盘人再作还盘：
Your cable 12th lowest price USD 75 per dozen CIF NEW YORK, May shipment irrevocable sight L/C
the commodity ＊ The term, ways of implementation ＊ The price term, the amount and ways of
payment, terms of delivery (FOB/CIF/CFR) and additional charges
CONTRACTS
• Types of Contract • Sales/Purchase Contract • Technology Transfer
Agreement
Ⅰ. Types of Contract
1. Definition:
Briefly, contract is a promise enforceable by law which may be to do something or to refrain from doing something. It requires the mutual assent of two or more persons, one of them making an order and another accepting. If one of them fails to keep the promise, the other will take a legal action against him.
商务英语常用词汇交易磋商合同签订
商务英语常用词汇交易磋商合同签订商务英语常用词汇：交易磋商与合同签订在当今全球化的商业环境中，商务英语成为了企业间沟通与合作的重要工具。
其中，交易磋商与合同签订环节涉及众多专业词汇，准确理解和运用这些词汇对于成功的商务交易至关重要。
交易磋商（Business Negotiation）是指买卖双方就交易条件进行反复协商，以达成一致的过程。
在这个阶段，以下词汇经常被使用：“Offer”（发盘），指卖方主动向买方提供商品或服务的价格、数量、质量等具体交易条件。
例如：“The supplier made an attractive offer forthe new products”（供应商对新产品给出了有吸引力的发盘。
）“Counteroffer”（还盘），当买方对卖方的发盘不满意时，提出修改后的交易条件。
如：“The buyer made a counteroffer to lower the price”（买方还盘要求降低价格。
）“Enquiry”（询盘），通常是买方询问卖方有关商品或服务的信息。
“We received several enquiries about the latest model of the machine”（我们收到了几个关于最新款机器的询盘。
）“Quotation”（报价），卖方对买方询盘的回复，给出商品或服务的价格。
“The company provided a detailed quotation for the project”（公司为这个项目提供了详细的报价。
）“Specification”（规格），详细说明商品或服务的技术参数、质量标准等。
“The product must meet the specified requirements”（产品必须符合规定的规格要求。
）“Delivery date”（交货日期），双方约定的商品交付时间。
“It's crucial to confirm the delivery date to avoid delays”（确认交货日期以避免延误至关重要。
商务英语合同Contract讲解
合同特点与翻译Contract—pay attention to the specific articles and is based on the agreement Agreement—focus on the fundamental principles and orientations of the two sides合同(Contract)是双方或数方当事人对某一具体项目承担权利义务的协议，对当事人均具有约束力。
定义条款(Definition Clause)是对合同书中反复使用的词汇或在合同中具有特定意义的用语进行说明和解释。
经常在合同中做出定义的用语有：product（产品）,licensed product（许可产品）,trademark （商标）,know-how（专有技术）,industrial property right（工业产权）,technical documentation（技术资料）,exclusive territory（独占地区）,etc..基本条款(Basic Conditions)即经过交易磋商达成一致的条款，体现了双方当事人具体的权利与义务。
Name of Commodity (品名) Quality (品质) Specifications (规格)Quantity (数量) Packing (包装) Price (价格) Insurance (保险) Inspection (检验) 一般条款General Terms and Conditions ：合同有效期限Duration of Contract合同的终止Termination of Contract 不可抗力Force Majeure通知手续Notice 仲裁Arbitration 适用的法律Governing Law合同的修改Amendment of Contract 合同的让与Assignment of Contract基本条款(Basic Conditions)即经过交易磋商达成一致的条款，体现了双方当事人具体的权利与义务。
商务英语：Contract与Agreem
商务英语：Contract与AgreemProtocol：一般指为某种可能发生的事件或状况而准备的行动方案。
比如：Emergency Response Protocol就是中国报道灾难新闻时一定会提到的“某政府启动了应急预案〞。
Agreement：是协议/合同最常用的叫法。
大多数的英文合同都以“Agreement〞命名。
比如：Security Agreement 〔担保协议〕， Deposit Account Control Agreement 〔帐户控制协议〕以及Share Subscription Agreement〔认股协议〕。
Contract：指法律上“合同〞的概念。
比如：The document constitues a binding contract upon the signing parties。
商务环境里一般不会用Contract来命名合同，因为这个词带有对抗性，不如Agreement来的委婉。
Agreement创造的语境是双方合作，互惠互利。
而用到Contract这次词时，一般都是出了问题，一方想用合同这个概念制约另一方。
国内一些银行用Loan Contract来命名贷款协议是会被人鄙视的。
正确的翻译是Credit Agreement。
Draft：一般指草稿。
例如：Draft Share Subscription Agreement = 认股协议草稿。
不过Draft在银行法里还有另一个意思：如果A写了张条子，命令B〔一般是银行〕把一定数目的钱给C，这张条子叫做Draft，也就是汇票。
2.Protocol, Agreement, Contract, Draft几个词有何区别Protocol：一般指为某种可能发生的事件或状况而准备的行动方案。
比如：Emergency Response Protocol就是中国报道灾难新闻时一定会提到的“某政府启动了应急预案〞。
Agreement：是协议/合同最常用的叫法。
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ｅ.ｇ.Ｏmisｓiｏnoｆｒefｅreｎce iｎtheｄｅtail specｉfｉｃaｔion tｏa pａrticｕｌａrｒequiremeｎtof thｉs speｃiｆicatiｏnｓｈalｌbeｉｎteｒｐreteｄasｃompｌiance herｅｗith
若专用规范中对本(通用）规范的某一特定要求省略，则以本（通用)规范为准。
经常在合同中做出定义的用语有：produｃt（产品）,ｌｉcensedpｒoｄuct(许可产品）,ｔrademａｒk（商标),know－hｏw（专有技术),inｄusｔｒialｐroperｔｙｒight(工业产权）,tｅchnｉcal docｕmeｎtatｉon(技术资料)，exclusｉｖeｔeｒｒitorｙ(独占地区），etc．.
一般条款General Termｓａnd Conｄiｔioｎs:合同有效期限Ｄｕraｔiｏn oｆContｒａct
合同的终止ＴerｍinａｔiｏnｏｆContrａcｔ不可抗力FｏrｃｅＭajeure
通知手续Notice仲裁Arbiｔrａｔion适用的法律GｏvｅrｎinｇLaw
合同的修改ＡmendmentofCｏｎtrａct合同的让与Assｉgｎmｅnｔof Coｎtract
商务英语合同Ｃontrａｃt
———————————————————————————————— 作者:
———————————————————————————————— 日期:
合同特点与翻译
Contraｃｔ—pay attentioｎtotheｓｐecificａｒｔicｌesanｄis based on theａgrｅement
基本条款(BasｉｃCondiｔiｏns）即经过交易磋商达成一致的条款，体现了双方当事人具体的权利与义务。NamｅofＣommｏｄｉty（品名)Quality(品质)Specificaｔiｏns(规格)
Quantity (数量)Pacｋｉng (包装)Prｉce（价格)Insurａnce(保险)Inspectｉon (检验）
Ｉｎprocessinｇtransactiｏnｓ，tｈe manufacｔｕres neverｈaveｔitle eｉthｅr tｏthｅmａtｅrialsor the fｉnisheｄproduｃtｓ.
古体词：这些词主要来源于古英语和中古英语，主要是由heｒe-,theｒe-和where-与一个或几个介词组成的复合副词,如heｒeafter(此后,今后）,hｅrｅbｙ(特此,兹),herｅin(此中，于此,本合同中),hｅreinａfｔeｒ(以下,此后,在下文)，herewiｔh(与此一道), hｅreoｆ(于此,在本合同中), heｒeto (于此)，hereｕnｄｅr(在下文，据此，根据本合同),herｅｕnto(于此）,ｗheｒefｏre（为此,因此）,whereｉn(在那方面),whereｏf(关于那事/人)等。
其他条款Ｏｔhｅｒｓ:Eｘｐｏrt and ImpoｒtＬicense输出入许可证条款
CoｍpｌｅｔeＣontract完整契约条款ConｔrａcｔRevisｉｏn契约修改条款
ReｐreｓentationandWarｒaｎtieｓ声明与保证条款Non-discｌosｕreｏrNo Pubｌiciｔy保密条款
基本条款（Ｂａｓic Coｎdｉtioｎs)即经过交易磋商达成一致的条款，体现了双方当事人具体的权利与义务。
Naｍeｏf Commodity（品名)Qualitｙ(品质)Ｓpecifｉcationｓ(规格)
Qｕａntity (数量)Packiｎｇ（包装)Prｉce(价格)Ｉnｓuranｃe（保险）Ｉnspｅction（检验）
Ａgｒｅement—focusonｔhｅfundamenｔal principlesaｎdorienｔatiｏnsｏfｔhｅtwosides
合同(Ｃｏnｔract)是双方或数方当事人对某一具体项目承担权利义务的协议，对当事人均具有约束力。
定义条款（Defｉnitiｏn Claｕｓe）是对合同书中反复使用的词汇或在合同中具有特定意义的用语进行说明和解释。
ｅ.ｇ.在乙方的要求之下,甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。
Aｔthｅreqｕest ofＰaｒtB, PartA agreestｏ ｓｅnd techniciansｔo aｓｓiｓt PartB to instalｌｔheｅｑｕipmｅnｔ.
ｅ.ｇ.在加工贸易中，生产方对原材料和产成品都没有所有权。
横田先生签名如下。
therein----inｔhat在那里
Pleaseｎoteｔhaｔall the prices statedtherein areｓubjecｔtochａnge onaｃｃｏｕntofｍarket fluctｕation.
请注意表列价格须随市场变动而修改。
外来词：合同中的外来词大多数来自 ｗitness whereof thｅrespｅｃtiveplenipoteｎｔｉaries haｖｅsignedｔhe pｒesentTreaty aｎdｈａｖe affiｘｅd theretothｅｉｒseals.
双方全权代表在本条约上签字盖章,以昭信守。
hｅrｅｔｏ－---ｔｏｔhis到此为止，关于这个
e.g. Acｃordingtotheｓｃhｅｄulｅof paymenｔａtｔａchｅdhereto根据在此附上的付款计划表。
hｅreof----of thiｓ于此,关于此点
ｍoreｈeｒeof latｅr .(关于这一点)详见后文.ﻫＹouｗillｆｉnd the sｉgnaturｅof Mr．Yokota atｔhe footｈeｒｅoｆ.