EIA环境影响评价

Purpose of EIA
The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision makers consider the environmental impacts when deciding whether or not to proceed with a project.
Steps of EIA
Steps of EIA
1.Preparation Stage
Study relevant documents Carry out preliminary project analysis and current evironment investigation Select the key project demanding assessment Determine the assessment grade Compile the work outline
Case Analysis
EIA in China
In China, environmental impact assessment was introduced in 1979 under the Environmental Protection Law.
After several years of implementation, the EIA system in China has developed into a framework(框架) that is suitable for its unique conditions.
The cost-benefit analysis(成 本效益分析), the total quantity control of pollutant discharge system and cleaner production are three strong means to help the licensed agencies produce more effective EIA.
EIA in China
The weakness of China's EIA system
1.Public participation
There is no doubt that public participation is one of the weakest part of the EIA system in China, both the low public awareness of environmental protection and limited participation mechanisms have restricted public engagement.
History of EIA
• With the increasing global environmental awareness , environmental impact assessments commenced in the 1960s. • In the United States, environmental impact assessments first obtained formal status in 1969, when the National Environmental Policy Act was released.
EIA in China
The strengths of China's EIA system
1.Specific strengths with EISs China's ElSs did reasonably well in assessing two major arm the project; prediction of impact magnitude . 2.Legal powers
History of EIA
Enhance and Expandation Stage 1999~present
In 2004, the environmental impact assessment engineer system was set up.
The first EIS in China
History of EIA
Four stages of the development of EIA in China:
The First National Environmental Protection Conference(第一届全国环 境保护会议) was held in 1973, in which the concept of EIA was first introduced into China.
《中华人民共和国环境保护法 （试行）》规定：一切企业、事 业单位的选址、设计、建设和生 产，都必须注意防止对环境的污 染和破坏。在进行新建、改建和 扩建工程中，必须提出环境影响 报告书，经环境保护主管部门和 其他相关部门审查批准后才能进 行设计。
History of EIA
Perfection Stage 1989~1998
Environmental Protection Law of the People''s Republic of China was released in 1989. "Clean Production" and "Public Participation" were added into the EIS during the stage.
EIA in China
The weakness of China's EIA system
2.Relationships between the EPBs(环保局) and local government In China, some local governments emphasized too much on economic development, while overlooked environmental protection. As a result, some projects in China started before the approval of the environmental assessment.
《中华人民共和国环境保护法》第 十三条规定：“建设污染环境的项 目，必须遵守国家有关建设项目环 境管理的规定” 。“建设项目的 环境影响报告书，必须对建设项目 产生的污染和对环境影响作出评价， 规定防治措施，经项目主管部门预 审，并依照规定的程序报环境保护 行政主管部门批准。环境影响报告 书经批准后，计划部门方可批准建 设项目设计任务书”。
Introduction and Establishment Stage 1973~1979
History of EIA
Standard and Construction Stage 1979~1989
Environmental Protection Law of the People''s Republic of China(for Trial Implementation)（中 华人民共和国环境保护法 （试行）） was released in 1979.
Steps of EIA
2.Formal Work Stage
Project analysis Current environment investigation Environmental impact prediction Environmental impact assessment
Steps of EIA
3.EIS Compilation Stage
Compile the EIS(Environmental Impact Statement) with the statistics and information from the second stage
Importance of EIA
EIA is a management tool for planners and decision makers to consider the environmental and social impacts of a project. EIA will help select and design projects with longterm viability(生存能力) and therefore improve cost effectiveness. The ultimate target of EIA is to facilitate sustainable development, which is good for both of the environmental protection and the development of projects.
Environmental Impact Assessment
ZHAO Mei ZOU Yajun
Defination
History
Steps Improtance EIA in China Case Analysis
Defination of EIA
An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible impacts that a proposed project may have on the environment, consisting of the environmental, social and economic aspects.