英国保险制度(英语)
英国福利制度
英国福利制度英国福利制度概述英国福利制度（Welfare System）是指由政府确保公民基本生活需求并提供社会保障的一系列政策和措施。
英国福利制度是一个相对完善和广泛的福利体系，涵盖了社会救助、医疗保健、失业保险、养老金等多个领域。
本文将对英国福利制度的主要方面进行详细介绍。
社会救助英国的社会救助（Social Assistance）政策旨在帮助那些无法自行维持基本生活所需的人群，包括失业者、残疾人、单亲家庭等。
社会救助的核心是提供经济援助和基本生活保障。
其中，最为重要的社会救助项目是福利金（Welfare Benefits），其涵盖了失业救济金、低收入救济金、残疾人津贴等。
失业救济金是英国福利制度的一个重要组成部分。
失业者可以申请一定期限内的经济援助，以帮助他们渡过失业期间。
根据个人的年龄、家庭状况和就业历史等不同情况，失业救济金的数额也有所不同。
低收入救济金则是针对收入较低的家庭提供援助，帮助他们维持基本生活。
残疾人津贴则是为残疾人提供经济支持，以改善他们的生活质量。
医疗保健英国的医疗保健制度（Healthcare System）被广泛认为是世界上最完善的之一。
该制度以公共卫生服务国民健康服务（National Health Service，NHS）为核心，提供免费的医疗保健服务。
无论公民的收入水平和社会地位如何，他们都可以享受到同样的医疗保健待遇。
NHS被分为初级保健和二级保健。
初级保健由全科医生和家庭医生负责，通过诊所和医疗中心提供基本医疗服务。
二级保健则由专科医疗机构负责，提供更为专业的诊断和治疗。
无论是初级保健还是二级保健，公民都可以享受到免费或低廉的医疗服务。
失业保险英国的失业保险（Unemployment Insurance）旨在为失业者提供一定的收入保障，以帮助他们在失业期间维持基本生活。
参加失业保险的个人需要每月缴纳一定的保险费用，一旦失业，他们就可以获得失业救济金作为经济援助。
英国国民保险税 种类
英国国民保险税种类英国国民保险（National Insurance）是一种社会保险制度，旨在为英国公民提供一系列福利和服务。
国民保险税是英国居民的个人所得税和社会保险税的一部分。
本文将介绍英国国民保险税的种类和其功能。
英国国民保险税分为多个种类，其中包括基础国民保险税（Class 1），自雇国民保险税（Class 2和Class 4），附加国民保险税（Class 1A和Class 1B）以及国民保险税上限（Upper Earnings Limit）。
首先，基础国民保险税（Class 1）适用于雇员和雇主之间的薪资交易。
对于雇员来说，他们需要支付国民保险的一部分，这将直接从其工资中扣除。
同时，雇主也需要为雇员支付国民保险的一部分作为雇佣税。
这部分税款用于向个人提供退休金、失业保险、医疗保险、养老金等社会保障福利。
自雇国民保险税（Class 2和Class 4）适用于自雇人士，他们需要为其个人所得交纳国民保险税。
自雇人士需要按照其利润额支付国民保险税，用于享受类似于雇员的福利和服务。
Class 2是按照标准税率收取，而Class 4是按照所得额的百分比进行收取。
附加国民保险税（Class 1A和Class 1B）是一种额外的国民保险税，适用于雇员或雇主为雇员提供福利计划或其他形式的额外福利。
雇主需要为提供的额外福利支付附加国民保险税。
Class 1A是适用于提供非现金和现金等额的福利，Class 1B适用于提供经过纳税的福利或解决雇员税务问题的费用。
国民保险税上限（Upper Earnings Limit）是国民保险税的最高收入限制。
超过这个限制的工资额将不再被国民保险税所征收。
这个上限每年都会调整，根据英国政府的决策。
英国国民保险税的目的是为公民提供一系列的社会保障福利。
这些福利包括退休金、失业救济、医疗服务（如国民医疗服务NHS）和残疾津贴等。
国民保险税的收入被用于支付这些福利，以减轻公民在不同阶段和特殊情况下的经济负担。
英国社会保险制度
英国社会保险制度英国社会保险制度是一个由政府管理的社会保障系统，旨在为英国公民提供社会保障和福利。
该制度由国家保险（National Insurance）、养老金、医疗保险、失业救济、儿童津贴、住房补贴和残疾人津贴等组成。
以下是英国社会保险制度的主要内容：1. 国家保险（National Insurance）：国家保险是英国社会保险制度的核心，旨在为工作人员提供退休金、失业保险、医疗保险和残疾人津贴等福利。
国家保险的费用由雇主和雇员共同缴纳，费率根据收入水平而定。
2. 养老金：英国养老金制度分为基本养老金和附加养老金两部分。
基本养老金是一种国家养老金，由国家保险基金提供，金额根据缴纳国家保险的年限和缴纳金额而定。
附加养老金是一种企业或个人自愿缴纳的养老金，由私人保险公司或养老基金管理。
3. 医疗保险：英国的国家医疗保险制度是一种由政府提供的普遍医疗保险，所有英国公民都可以享受到免费医疗服务。
医疗保险的费用由国家保险基金提供。
4. 失业救济：英国失业救济制度是一种由政府提供的福利，旨在为失业者提供经济援助和职业培训，帮助他们重新就业。
失业救济的金额根据个人的收入和工作年限而定。
5. 儿童津贴：英国的儿童津贴是一种由政府提供的福利，旨在为有孩子的家庭提供经济援助。
儿童津贴的金额根据家庭收入和孩子的年龄而定。
6. 住房补贴：英国的住房补贴是一种由政府提供的福利，旨在为低收入家庭提供租金补贴或住房补助。
住房补贴的金额根据家庭收入和住房情况而定。
总之，英国的社会保险制度是一个由政府提供的社会保障系统，旨在为英国公民提供社会保障和福利。
该制度包括国家保险、养老金、医疗保险、失业救济、儿童津贴、住房补贴和残疾人津贴等福利，为英国公民提供了全面的社会保障。
英国保险制度
英国保险制度The insurance industry in the United Kingdom has a long history and is well-established, providing a wide range of insurance products to individuals and businesses. The UK has a sophisticated and comprehensive insurance system that ensures financial protection and security for its citizens.The insurance industry in the UK is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA). These regulatory bodies ensure that insurance companies comply with the highest standards of integrity, professionalism, and customer protection.There are several types of insurance available in the UK, including life insurance, health insurance, property insurance, and car insurance. Life insurance provides financial protection to the policyholder's beneficiaries in the event of their death. Health insurance covers the cost of medical treatment and healthcare services. Property insurance protects against loss, damage, or theft of possessions. Car insurance provides coverage against accidents, theft, and damage to vehicles.In the UK, it is compulsory for all drivers to have car insurance. The Motor Insurers' Bureau (MIB) is a non-profit organization that ensures that victims of accidents caused by uninsured or untraceable drivers receive compensation. Additionally, the MIB also provides cover for drivers involved in accidents with foreign-registered vehicles.The UK also has a National Health Service (NHS), which providesfree healthcare services to all UK residents. However, many people choose to have private health insurance to access additional services and shorten waiting times for non-urgent treatments. Private health insurance enables policyholders to receive medical treatment in private hospitals and choose their preferred healthcare providers.The insurance industry in the UK is known for its competitiveness and innovation. Insurance companies offer a range of product options to meet the diverse needs of their customers. Customers can choose from different levels of coverage, deductibles, and premium payment options. Insurance companies also provide online platforms and mobile apps for customers to manage their policies, make claims, and access information easily.The Insurance Premium Tax (IPT) is a tax applied to insurance premiums in the UK. The current rate of IPT is 12%. This tax is collected by insurance companies and paid to the UK government. The revenue generated from IPT is used to fund various public services.In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the importance of protecting individuals and businesses against cyber risks. Cyber insurance is becoming more popular in the UK, providing coverage for losses and liabilities arising from cyber-attacks, data breaches, and other cyber threats.In conclusion, the UK insurance industry is well-regulated and provides a wide range of insurance products to cater to the needs of individuals and businesses. The industry is characterized bycompetitiveness, innovation, and a commitment to customer protection. The insurance system in the UK ensures financial security and peace of mind for its citizens, covering various aspects of life, health, and property.。
英国福利制度
英国福利制度英国福利制度概述英国福利制度是指英国政府为了保障公民的基本生活需求而实施的一系列社会福利政策和制度。
这些福利政策的目的是为了提供公平和平等的机会，支持贫困人口，改善生活条件，并促进社会福利的可持续发展。
福利体系英国福利制度包括以下几个方面：国民保险制度（National Insurance）国民保险制度是英国社会福利体系的核心之一。
所有工薪阶层的劳动者必须向国民保险基金缴纳保险费，以获取一系列的社会福利待遇，包括医疗服务、失业救济和退休金等。
养老金制度（Pension System）英国的养老金制度是通过国民保险制度来提供的。
根据个人缴纳的国民保险，退休时可以获得一定的养老金待遇。
个人也可以自行进行私人养老金储蓄计划。
医疗保障制度（Healthcare System）英国的医疗保障制度被称为国民保健服务（National Health Service，NHS）。
NHS 是一家支持全民医疗健康保障的公共医疗机构。
通过NHS，英国公民可以享受免费或低价的医疗服务，包括就诊、住院治疗和处方药等。
失业保险制度（Unemployment Insurance System）失业保险是英国福利制度的重要组成部分。
失业人员可以通过申请失业救济金来获得经济援助，帮助他们度过失业期间的困难。
低收入家庭补贴（Income Support）低收入家庭补贴是为了帮助收入较低的家庭获得基本生活费用而设立的。
通过申请低收入家庭补贴，符合条件的家庭可以获得一定的经济援助。
福利制度的优点英国福利制度具有以下优点：1. 提供了基本生活保障：福利制度确保了每个公民在生活上的基本需求，包括食物、住房、医疗和教育等。
2. 促进社会公平和平等：福利政策的实施可以减少社会不平等，帮助贫困人口获得更好的生活条件，增加社会公平和平等。
3. 保障社会稳定：福利制度可以减轻失业和贫困引起的社会不安定，维护社会的和谐稳定。
福利制度的挑战与改革尽管英国福利制度带来了诸多优点，但也面临一些挑战。
英国的健康保险制度
英国的国民健康保险制度发布日期：2007-7-24 10:07:00英国的国民健保制度 (National Health Service,简称 NHS) 为具有社会福利性质的公医制度。
自二次世界大战后，50年代便开始实施，迄今已有半个世纪之久。
由英国政府所设立且资助的国民健保制度，包括两个层级的医疗体系，即是以社区为主的第一线医疗网(Community-based primary health care)，通常为于社区驻诊提供医疗保健的一般家庭医师(General Practitioner, GP)及护士，第二层则为NHS的医院服务(Hospital-based specialist services)，由各科的专科医师负责并接手由GP所转介(refer)的病人，或处理一些重大的意外事故及急诊者。
目前由NHS负担的费用大约包括：家庭医师的诊疗费、住院医疗费（但部份住院费用与项目仍需自费）、产前检查与生产医护费用等。
由于英国施行医药分业，在就诊后，可持医师所开处方至药店买药，除了16岁以下儿童、19岁以下全日制学生、老人、残障人士或孕（产）妇已获医药免费证明外，须自行负担药价。
至于私人的医疗服务方面，由于英国的看诊方式通常以预约（appointment）方式进行（假如非急需就诊），可能被排在NHS医院的冗长的等待就诊名单内，因此为获得较快、较佳的医疗服务，有人会考虑自费接受私人提供的医疗，有些民众也以购买私人的医疗保险来负担此部份的开支，至于应买哪一家的医疗保险，可能需花些时间搜集数据作比较，或请教有经验的人，但以价格合理及有良好服务声誉为原则。
以下介绍如何选择家庭医师(GP)、注册手续、看诊方式、急诊和转介，以及牙医服务，以供参考。
一、选择家庭医师(GP)、注册手续、看诊方式、急诊、转介1. 如何取得家庭医师的名单：假如学校已设有健康医疗服务中心，可直接在学校注册，但若因住宿地方较远，或学校无保健中心，则可在居家附近诊所注册，至于从何处获得诊所名单及地址？下列处所可以一试：宿舍管理员、当地保健局(local Family Practitioner Committee)、当地社区保健委员会(local Community Health Council)、市民咨询局(Citizens Advice Bureau)、药房(如Boots)、邮局及公立图书馆等，而这些单位的电话可于电话簿找到，或到您住处归属的市政局（City Council）查询；至于该如何选择注册诊所？可以向邻居、友人探询，若不成，可就近找一处诊所先注册，因为您可以在无任何特殊理由下要求更换医师。
英国伦敦保险协会C条款(ICC-C)英文版
(FOR USE ONLY WITH THE NEW MARINE POLICY FORM)INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES(C)RISKS COVERED(Risks Clause)1 This insurance covers, except as provided in Clauses 4,5,6 and 7 below,1.1 loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured reasonable attributable to1.1.1 fire or explosion1.1.2 vessel or craft being stranded grounded sunk or capsized1.1.3 overturning or derailment of land conveyance1.1.4 collision or contact of vessel craft or conveyance with any external object other than water1.1.5 discharge of cargo at a port of distress,1.2 loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured caused by1.2.1 general average sacrifice1.2.2 jettison.(General Average Clause)2 This insurance covers general average and salvage charges, adjusted or determined according to the contract of affreightment and/or the governing law and practice, incurred to avoid or in connection with the avoidance of loss from any cause except those excluded in Clauses 4,5,6 and 7 or elsewhere in this insurance.("Both to Blame Collision" Clause)3 This insurance is extended to indemnify the Assured against such proportion of liability under the contract of affreightment "Both to Blame Collision" Clause as is in respect of a loss recoverable hereunder. In the event of any claim by shipowners under the said clause the Assured agree to notify the underwriters who shall have the right, at their own cost and expense, to defend the Assured against suchclaim.EXCLUSIONS(General Exclusions Clause)4 In no case shall this insurance cover4.1 loss damage or expense attributable to wilful misconduct of the Assured4.2 ordinary leakage, ordinary loss in weight or volume, or ordinary wear and tear of the subject-matter insured4.3 loss damage or expense caused by insufficiency or unsuitability of packing or preparation of the subject-matter insured (for the purpose of this clause 4.3 "packing"shall be deemed to include stowage in a container or liftvan but only when such stowage is carried out prior to attachment of this insurance or by the Assured or their servants)4.4 loss damage or expense caused by inherent vice or nature of the subject-matter insured4.5 loss damage or expense proximately caused by delay, even though the delay be caused by a risk insured against (except expenses payable under Clause 2 above)4.6 loss damage or expense arising from insolvency or financial default of the owners managers charterers or operators of the vessel4.7 deliberate damage to or deliberate destruction of the subject-matter insured or any part thereof by the wrongful act of any person or persons4.8 loss damage or expense arising from the use of any weapon of war employing atomic or nuclear fission and/or fusion or other like reaction or radioactive force or matter.(Unseaworthiness and Unfitness Exclusion Clause)55.1 In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage or expense arising from unseaworthiness of vessel or craft.unfitness of vessel craft conveyance container or liftvan for the safe carriage of the subject-matter insured where the Assured or their servants are privy to such unseaworthiness or unfitness, at the time the subject-matter insured is loaded therein.5.2 The Underwriters waive any breach of the implied warranties of seaworthiness of the ship and fitness of the ship to carry the subject-matter insured to destination, unless the Assured or their servants are privy to such unseaworthiness or unfitness. (War Exclusion Clause)6 In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage or expense caused by6.1 war civil war revolution rebellion insurrection, or civil strife arising therefrom, or any hostile act by or against a belligerent power6.2 capture seizure arrest restraint or detainment, and the consquences thereof or any attempt thereat6.3 derelict mines torpedoes bombs or other derelict weapons of war.(Strikes Exclusion Clause)7 In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage or expense7.1 caused by strikers, locked-out workmen, or persons taking part in labour disturbances, riots or civil commotions7.2 resulting from strikes, lock-outs, labour disturbances, riots or civil commotions7.3 caused by any terrorist or any person acting from a political motive.DURATION(Transit Clause)88.1 This insurance attaches from the time the goods leave the warehouse or place of storage at the place named herein for the commencement of the transit, continues during the ordinary course of transit and terminates either8.1.1 on delivery to the Consignees' or other final warehouse or place of storage at the destination named herein8.1.2 on delivery to any other warehouse or place of storage, whether prior to or at the destination named herein, which the Assured elect to use either8.1.2.1 for storage other than in the ordinary course of tranist or8.1.2.2 for allocation or distribution.or8.1.3 on the expiry of 60 days after completion of discharge overside of the goods hereby insured from the oversea vessel at the final port of discharge. whichever shall first occur.8.2 If, after discharge overside from the oversea vessel at the final port of discharge, but prior to termination of this insurance, the goods are to be forwarded to a destination other than that to which they are insured hereunder, this insurance, whilst remaining subject to termination as provided for above, shall not extend beyond the commencement of transit to such other destinaiton.8.3 This insurance shall remain in force(subject to termination as provided for above and to the provisions of Clause 9 below) during delay beyond the control of the Assured, any deviation, forced discharge, reshipment or transhipment and during any variation of the adventure arising from the exercise of a liberty granted to shipowners or charterers under the contract of affreightment.(termination of Contract of Carriage clause)9 If owing to circumstances beyond the control of the Assured either the contract of carriage is terminated at a port or place other than the destination named therein or the transit is otherwise terminated before delivery of the goods as provided for in Clause8 above, then this insurance shall also terminate unless prompt notice is given to the Underwriters and continuation of cover is requested when the insurance shall remain in force, subject to an additional premium if required by the Underwriters, either9.1 until the goods are sold and delivered at such port or place, or, unless otherwise specially agreed, until the expiry of 60 days after arrival of the goods hereby insured at such port or place, whichever shall first occur,or9.2 if the goods are forwarded within the said period of 60 days (or any agreed extension thereof) to the destination named herein or to any other destination, until terminated in accordance with the provisions of Clause 8 above.(Change of Voyage Clause)10 Where, after attachment of this insurance, the destination is changed by the Assured, held covered at a premium and on conditions to be arranged subject to prompt notice being to the Underwriters.CLAIMS(Insurable Interest clause)1111.1 In order to recover under this insurance the Assured must have an insurable interest in the subject-matter insured at the time of the loss.11.2 Subject to 11.1 above the Assured shall be entitled to recover for insured loss occurring during the period covered by this insurance, notwithstanding that the loss occurred before the contract of insurance was concluded, unless the Assured were aware of the loss and the Underwriters were not.(Forwarding Charges Clause)12 Where, as a result of the operation of a risk covered by this insurance, the insured transit is terminated at a port or place other than that to which the subject-matter is covered under this insurance, the Underwriters will reimburse the Assured for any extra charges properly and reasonably incurred in unloading storing and forwarding the subject-matter to the destination to which it is insured hereunder.This Clause 12, which does not apply to general average or salvage charges, shall be subject to the exclusions contained in Clauses 4,5,6 and 7 above, and shall not include charges arising from the fault negligence insolvency or financial default of the Assured or their servants.(Constructive Total Loss Clause)13 No claim for Constructive Total Loss shall be recoverable hereunder thesubject-matter insured is reasonably abandoned either on account of its actual total loss appearing to be unavoidable or because the cost of recovering, reconditioning and forwarding the subject-matter to be destination to which it is insured would exceed its value on arrival.(Increased Value Clause)1414.1 If any Increased Value insurance is effected by the Assured on the cargo insured herein the agreed value of the cargo shall be deemed to be increased to the total amount insured under this insurance and all Increased Value insurances covering theloss and liability under this insurance shall be in such proportion as the sum insured herein bears to such total amount insured.In the event of claim the Assured shall provide the Underwriters with evidence of the amounts insured under all other insurances.14.2 Where this insurance is on Increased Value the following clause shall apply:The agreed value of the cargo shall be deemed to be equal to the total amount insured under the primary insurance and all Increased Value insurances covering the loss and effected on the cargo by the Assured, and liability under this insurance shall be in such proportion as the sum insured herein bears to such total amount insured.In the event of claim the Assured shall provide the Underwriters with evidence of the amounts insured under all other insurances.BENEFIT OF INSURANCE(Not to Inure Clause)15 This insurance shall not inure to the benefit of the carrier or otherbailee.MINIMISING LOSSES(Duty of Assured Clause)16 It is the duty of the Assured and their servants and agents in respect of loss recoverable hereunder16.1 to take such measures as may be reasonable for the purpose of averting or minimising such loss,and16.2 to ensure that all rights against carriers, bailees or other third parties are properly preserved and exercised and the Underwriters will, in addition to any loss recoverable hereunder, reimburse the Assured for any charges properly and reasonably incurred in pursuance of these duties.(Waiver Clause)17 Measures taken by the Assured or the Underwriters with the object of saving, protecting or recovering the subject-matter insured shall not be considered as a waiver or acceptance of abandonment or otherwise prejudice the rights of either party AVOIDANCE OF DELAY(Reasonable Despatch Clause)18 It is a condition of this insurance that the Assured shall act with reasonable despatch in all circumstances within their W AND PRACTICE (English law and practice Clause)19 This insurance is subject to English law and practice.NOTE:-- It is necessary for the Assured when they become aware of an event which is "held covered "under this insurance to give prompt notice to the Underwriters and the right to such cover is dependent upon compliance with this obligation .。
英文保险条款
英文保险条款IntroductionInsurance policies are legal contracts between an insurance company and an individual or organization. These contracts, written in a formal and structured manner, define the terms and conditions under which the insured party will be compensated in the event of a covered loss. In this article, we will explore the essential components of English insurance policies.1. Insuring AgreementThe insuring agreement is a key section of the insurance policy that outlines the scope of coverage provided by the insurer. It includes details such as the types of risks covered, the duration of coverage, and any limitations or exclusions that apply. This section clearly defines what events or circumstances will trigger the policy and entitle the insured party to compensation.2. DefinitionsTo ensure clarity and consistency throughout the policy, insurance contracts often include a section dedicated to definitions. In this section, commonly used terms and jargon are defined to avoid ambiguity and misunderstandings. Definitions can range from simple terms like "insured party" to more specific terms related to the type of insurance policy being offered.3. Premiums and DeductiblesInsurance policies require the payment of premiums by the insured party in exchange for coverage. The premium is typically calculated based on factors such as the level of risk, the insured party's claims history, and the policy coverage limits. Deductibles, on the other hand, refer to the amount that the insured party must pay out of pocket before the insurance coverage kicks in.4. Coverage Limits and ExclusionsInsurance policies often contain clauses that specify the maximum amount the insurer will pay out in the event of a covered loss. These coverage limits can apply to specific categories of losses, such as bodily injury or property damage. Additionally, policies include exclusions, which are events or circumstances that are not covered by the insurance policy. It is crucial for the insured party to thoroughly review the coverage limits and exclusions to understand the extent of their protection.5. Claims ProceduresThe claims procedures section explains the process that the insured party should follow in the event of a covered loss. It outlines the steps to report a claim, the documentation required, and the time frame in which a claim must be filed. Clear guidelines and timeframes help facilitate a smooth claims process, ensuring that the insured party receives prompt compensation.6. Termination and CancellationInsurance policies usually include provisions outlining the circumstances under which the policy can be terminated or canceled. Both the insurer and the insured party may have the right to terminate the policy under specificconditions. For example, non-payment of premiums or a significant change in risk profile may lead to termination or cancellation.ConclusionIn conclusion, English insurance policies are comprehensive legal agreements that establish the rights and responsibilities of both the insured party and the insurer. By clearly defining the scope of coverage, premiums, deductibles, and claims procedures, these policies mitigate risks and provide peace of mind to individuals and organizations. Understanding the key components of insurance policies is essential for ensuring adequate protection and compliance with contractual obligations.。
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From the daily income. it is difficult to pay certain fees to include pregnancy, emergency expenditures, interest-free loans, community care allowance.
Part 1
The Development of British Social Welfare System
In 1601 Britain has issued the first section has a social security nature of the"Poor Law"
The relative weakening of the British legal system, the state administrative intervention, social welfare and collective negotiation, etc.
good life. The general term may cover a variety of forms of
economic and social organization. The sociologist T.H. Marshall described the modern welfare state as a distinctive combination of democracy, welfare, and capitalism.
• Almost all services are free.
• Publicly funded.
• Provided on need instead of the
Government grand The national insurance Charities and some incomes of non-free health care
Early 19th century
The Development of British Social Welfare System
After World WarⅡ
In The 1980s To practice Beveridge planning. Through the "National Insurance Laws", Britain officially announced as the welfare state. British social welfare system is full of crisis. Nearly 20 years, the British government has reformed the pension, unemployment, enployment, health, education, housing and other aspeacts
5.Unemployment welfare
6.Low wage welfare
7.Social fund
Biweekly pay benefits for one year. The applcant must have the capacity and actively seeking employment, they must pay enough National Insurance.
economic and social well-being of its citizens. It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a
Semi-detached Houses
Detached houses Semi-detached houes Terraced houses Flats
Detached House
2.Disablement allowance and sickness benefit
Statutory pregnance payment: When employees are pregnance, employers have to pay wages each week, the number depending on the employee's income and money. Basic retirement benefits: More than the retirement age,(female over 60,male 65)and in line with the National Insurance conditions to set. People to take care of minor children can get other benefits.
Stability of the whole nation
• "From cradle to grave" policy makes one has no worries
Part 3
Social Promblem
Social Problem
Nearly 13 milion people.
One in five of the population.
London has the highhest proportion.
Social Problem
Highest level of drug addiction and multi-drug consumption. Second highest rate of drug related deaths in Europe. Users becoming younger and drug related crimes are on the rise.
Influences of the welfare system
Part 5
Influences of the welfare system
Positive effects Improverment of the material and cultural level
• Every 1000 citizens has 8 private doctors • The higher level of primary education • The increasing number of universities and students
Part 4
British welfare
Welfare System in UK
British welfare
Hospital care Full range of medical specialties or long-stay care
Primary care Basic medical treatment and nonhospital care. Public health Preventive aspeacts of health such as vaccination and health education.
Social Problem
Since 1960s the homeless increased due to population growth and clearance of urban slums. One of the highest levels of homelessness in Europe. More than four per 1,000 are homeless.
abilty. • Single biggest employer and costs about 100 billion pounds a year.
They and their family can enjoy the treatment of free health care ruled.
Complaints
4.Widow' s pension
The widow pension: For applicants ages 45 years or more, or stop accepting widowed mother allowance. Almount in accordance with the age and the amount of when to stop setting.
82% of household in Britain live in houses rather than flats. This compares with 60% in France and 35% in Itlay. Housing in Britain is either privately owned or provided by funds from the government as the public sector. The government controls the proportion of private and public housing procising in a number of ways through its housing policy
Social Problem
Nine out of ten in UK drink alcohol. One in three men and one in six women have health problems caused by alcohl. One in 15 men and one in 50 women physically dependent on alcohol. Alcohol-related death rates doubled since early 1990s.