《语言学概论》课程第2次作业

《语言学概论》课程第2次作业《语言学概论》课程第 2次作业I. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.1. Of all the speech organs, the _______ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords2. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____ sounds.A. voicelessB. voicedC. vowelD. consonantal3. ________ is a voiced alveolar stop.A. /z/B. /d/C. /k/D. /b/4. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of asequential phoneme, thus making the two phones ____________.A. identicalB. sameC. exactly alikeD. similar5. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in thesame environments and theycan distinguish meaning, they are said to be ___________.A. in phonemic contrastB. in complementary distributionC. the allophonesD. minimal pair6. The sound /f/ is _________________.A. voiced palatal affricateB. voiced alveolar stopC. voiceless velar fricativeD. voiceless labiodental fricative7. A ____ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintainingthe highest position.A. backB. centralC. frontD. middle8. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or morephonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called _______.A. phonetic componentsB. immediate constituentsC. suprasegmental featuresD. semantic features9. A(n) ___________ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, acollection of distinctive phonetic features.A. phoneB. soundC. allophoneD. phoneme10. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phoneticenvironments are called the ____ of that phoneme.A. phonesB. soundsC. phonemesD. allophonesII. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.1. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.2. A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.3. English is a tone language while Chinese is not.4. In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing.5. English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest.6. According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into which the consonants can be classified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar.7. Vowel sounds can be differentiated by a number of factors: the position of tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels.8. According to the shape of the lips, vowels can be classified into close vowels, semi-close vowels, semi-open vowels and open vowels.9. Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme.10. Not all the back vowels are rounded vowels.11. When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a phonemic contrast.12. The rules governing the phonological patterning are language specific.III. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:1. _______ phonetics describes the way our speech organs work to produce the speech sounds and how they differ.2. The four sounds /p/, /b/, /m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e., they are all _______ sounds.3. The rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called _______ rules.4. The transcription of speech sounds with letter-symbols only is called broad transcription while the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics is called _________ transcription.5. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as _________.6. The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important cavities: the pharyngeal cavity, the _______ cavity and the nasal cavity.7. Depending on the context in which stress is considered, there are two kinds of stress: word stress and _________ stress.8. are added to letter-symbols to bring out the finer distinctions than the letters alone can possibly do.9. ________ studies the way sounds travel by looking at the sound waves, the physical means by which sounds aretransmitted through the air from one person to another.10. ________ is the smallest linguistic unit.IV. 请听《夏洛特烦恼》里的粤语歌曲《咱们屯里的人儿》，再听赵本山的同名歌曲。