ASTM A6-95热轧结构钢板型钢棒材通用技术条件
ASTM A6、A6M-98 结构钢棒、板、型钢的一般要求
ASTM A6/A6M－98 结构钢棒、板、型钢的一般要求1.适用规范A36/A36M 结构钢 633/A633M 正火高强度低合金结构钢A131/A131M 船用结构钢 A656/A656M 改善可成型性的高强度低合A242/A242M 高强度低合金结构钢金热轧结构钢板A283/A283M 低、中强度碳素钢板 A678/A678M 结构级调质碳素钢及高强度A514/A514M 高屈服强度、可焊调质合金钢低合金钢钢板板 A709/A709M 桥梁用结构钢A529/A529M 结构级高强度碳－锰钢 A808/A808M 改善缺口韧性的、含碳、锰、A572/A572M 高强度低合金Nb-V结构钢铌、钡的高强度低合金结构钢A573/A573M 改善韧性的碳素结构钢板 A829/A829M 结构级合金钢钢板A588/A588M 最小屈服点为50ksi(345MPa)、 A830/A830M 按化学成分供货的结构级碳厚度为4in.(100mm)以下的高素钢板强度低合金结构钢 A852/S852M 调质低合金结构钢钢板2.制造方法若在材料标准中没有特别规定，钢可以用以下方法冶炼：平炉、氧气转炉、电炉、可以用VAR或ESR法进行精炼。
浇铸方法应为多流浇铸或模铸。
3.产品供货形状结构钢产品可以是单张(根)或成卷。
4.化学分析1.熔炼分析应由制造厂对每炉进行一次分析以测定碳、锰、磷、硫以及在相应规范中规定的其他元素含量是否符合要求。
分析试样取自该炉钢的烧注过程中，分析结果应符合相应规范规定并应向用户报告。
除相应规范规定的元素外，试验报告还应报出铜、铌、铬、镍、钼、硅及钒原含量供用户参考，如这些元素的总和小于0.02％，则可以只报出“≤0.02”。
(2)成品分析用户可以对最终产品进行分析，取样应符合ASTM A751《钢产品化学分析的试验方法、操作及术语》，结果应符合表B《成品分析允许偏差》中的规定(见规范正文)。
ASTM部分目录
ASTMA6/A6M-2004a结构用轧制钢板、型钢、板桩和棒钢通用要求ASTMA36/A36M-2004碳结构钢标准规范ASTMA106-2002a高温用无缝碳钢公称管规范ASTMA143-2003热侵镀锌结构钢制品防脆化的标准实施规程和催化探测方法ASTMA179/A179M-1990a（R2001）热交换器和冷凝器用无缝冷拉低碳钢管标准规范ASTMA192-2002高压设备用无缝碳钢锅炉管标准规范ASTMA209/A209M-2003锅炉和过热器用无缝碳钼合金钢管标准规范ASTMA210/A210M-2003锅炉和过热器用无缝中碳钢管技术条件ASTMA213/A213Mb-2004锅炉过热器和换热器用无缝铁素体和奥氏体合金钢传热管技术条件ASTMA234/A234M-2004中、高温用锻制碳钢和合金钢管道配件ASTMA252-98（R2002）焊接钢和无缝钢管桩的标准规范ASTMA262-2002a探测奥氏体不锈钢晶间腐蚀敏感度的标准实施规范ASTMA269/A269-2004通用无缝和焊接奥氏体不锈钢管标准规范ASTMA333/A333M-2004低温设备用无缝和焊接钢管的规范标准ASTMA334/A334M-2004低温设备用无缝和焊接碳素和合金钢管的标准规范ASTMA335-2003高温设备用无缝铁素体合金钢管标准规范ASTMA370/A370M-2003a钢制品力学性能试验方法和定义标准ASTMA387/A387M-2003压力容器用铬钼合金钢板的标准规范ASTMA403/A403M-2004锻制奥氏体不锈钢管配件的标准规范ASTMA450/A450M-2004碳素钢管、铁素体合金钢管及奥氏体合金钢管一般要求的标准规范ASTMA500-2003a圆形与异型冷成型焊接与无缝碳素钢结构管标准规范ASTMA515-2003中温及高温压力容器用碳素钢板的标准规范ASTMA516-2004a中温及低温压力容器用碳素钢板的标准规范ASTMA530-2003特种碳素钢和合金钢管一般要求的标准规范ASTMA615/A615M-2004a混凝土配筋用异形钢筋和无节钢胚棒标准规范ASTMA703/A703M-2004标准技术条件—承压件钢铸件通用要求ASTMA781/A781M-2004a铸件、钢和合金的标准规范及通用工业的一般性要求ASTMA788/A788M-2004a标准技术条件—钢锻件通用要求ASTMB209/B209M-2004铝和铝合金薄板和中厚板标准规范ASTME6-2003金属材料布氏硬度的标准测试方法ASTME18-2003金属材料洛氏硬度和洛氏表面硬度的标准测试方法ASTME29-2002使用有效数字确定试验数据与规范符合性作法ASTME8-2004金属材料拉伸试验的标准测试方法ASTME94-2004放射性检查的标准指南ASTME125-1963（R2003）铁铸件的磁粉检验用标准参考照片ASTME164-2003焊件的超声接触检验的标准操作规程ASTME208-1995a(R2000)用导向落锤试验测定铁素体钢无塑性转变温度的标准试验方法ASTME213-2004金属管超声检验方法ASTMF36-1995测定垫片材料压缩率及回弹率的标准试验方法ASTMF37-1995垫片材料密封性的标准试验方法ASTMF38-1995垫片材料的蠕变松弛的标准试验方法ASTMF112-1995色覆垫片密封性能的标准试验方法ASTMF146-1995a垫片材料耐液体标准试验方法ASTMF1311-1995(R2001)大口径组装式碳钢法兰标准规范ASTMG1-2003腐蚀试样的制备、清洁处理和评定用标准实施规范ASTMG36-73(R1981)参考资料标准实用规程：在沸的氯化镁溶液中进行的应力腐蚀裂纹试验ASTMG46-1976(R1986)参考资料标准实用规程：麻点腐蚀的检验和评定ASTMG48-1976(R1980)参考资料使用三氯化铁溶液做不锈钢及其合金的耐麻点腐蚀和抗裂口腐蚀性试验的标准方法ASTM标准中译本丛书（一）碳钢、铸铁、不锈钢及合金钢材料标准规范（含18个标准) ASTMA105/A105M-2002管道部件用碳钢锻件ASTMA126-1995(R2001)阀门、法兰和管道附件用灰铁铸件ASTMA181/A181M-2001通用管路用碳钢锻件标准规范ASTMA193/A193M-2001高温用合金钢和不锈钢螺栓材料ASTMA194/A194M-2001a高温用合金钢和不锈钢螺栓材料ASTMA216/A216M-2001a高温用可熔焊碳钢铸件标准规范ASTMA217/A217M-2002高温承压件用马氏体不锈钢和合金钢铸件标准规范ASTMA276-2002a不锈钢棒材和型材ASTMA278/A278M-2001高温不超过650°F（350℃）的承压部件用灰铸铁件ASTMA320/A320M-2002低温用合金钢栓接材料ASTMA350/A350M-2002要求冲击韧性试验的管件用碳钢及低合金钢锻件标准规范ASTMA351/A351M-2000承压件用奥氏体、奥氏体-铁素体（双相）钢铸件规范ASTMA352/A352M-1993（R1998)低温承压件用铁素体和马氏体钢铸件标准规范ASTMA395/A395M-1999高温用铁素体球墨铸铁承压铸件ASTMA439-1983(R1999)奥氏体球墨铸铁件ASTMA536-1984(R1999)球墨铸铁件ASTMA694/A694M-2000高温输送用管法兰、管件、阀门及零件用碳钢和合金钢锻件标准规范ASTMA965/A965M-2002高温高压部件用奥氏体钢锻件ASTM标准中译本丛书（二）法兰、管件、阀门及部件（含9个标准）ASTMA182/A182M-2002高温用锻制或轧制合金钢法兰、锻制管件、阀门和部件ASTMA961-2002管道用钢制法兰、锻制管件、阀门和零件的通用要求标准规范ASTMB462-2002高温耐腐蚀用锻制或轧制的UNSNO6030、UNSNO6022、UNSNO6200、UNSNO8020、UNSNO8024、UNSNO8026、UNSNO8367、UNSNO10276、UNSN10665、UNSN10675和UNSR20033合金管法兰、锻制管件、阀门和零件标准规范ASTMF885-1984公称管径为NPS1/4～2的青铜截止阀外形尺寸标准规范ASTMF992-1986(R2001)阀门铭牌标准规范ASTMF993-1986(R2001)阀门锁紧装置标准规范ASTMF1030-1986(R1998)阀门操作装置的选择准则ASTMF1098-1987(R1998)公称管径有NPS2～24的蝶阀外形尺寸标准规范ASTMF1565-2000蒸汽用减压阀规范。
ASTM-A钢材标准
电话和电报线路用镀锌"铁"丝规格
Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Iron Telephone and Telegraph Line Wire
A116-00
镀锌钢丝编织栏栅网
Standard Specification for Metallic-Coated, Steel Woven Wire Fence Fabric
A29/A29M-04
热锻及冷加工碳素钢和合金钢棒
Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
A31-04
钢铆钉及铆钉和压力容器用棒材
Standard Specification for Steel Rivets and Bars for Rivets,Pressure Vessels
钢质螺旋道钉
Standard Specification for Steel Screw Spikes
A67-00
热加工低碳钢和高碳钢垫板技术规范
Standard Specification for Steel Tie Plates, Low-Carbon and High-Carbon Hot-Worked
A135-01
电阻焊钢管
Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe
A139/A139M-04
电熔(电弧)焊钢管(4英寸以上的)
Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4 and Over)
ASTM A6-A6M-05a轧制结构钢板材、型材和薄板桩通用技术要求
Designation:A6/A6M–05aStandard Specification forGeneral Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates,Shapes,and Sheet Piling1This standard is issued under thefixed designation A6/A6M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1This general requirements specification2covers a group of common requirements that,unless otherwise specified in the applicable product specification,apply to rolled structural steel bars,plates,shapes,and sheet piling covered by each of the following product specifications issued by ASTM:ASTMDesignation3Title of SpecificationA36/A36M Carbon Structural SteelA131/A131M Structural Steel for ShipsA242/A242M High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural SteelA283/A283M Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates A328/A328M Steel Sheet PilingA514/A514M High-Yield Strength,Quenched and Tempered Alloy SteelPlate Suitable for WeldingA529/A529M High-Strength Carbon-Manganese Steel of Structural Qual-ityA572/A572M High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium SteelA573/A573M Structural Carbon Steel Plates of Improved ToughnessA588/A588M High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with50ksi(345MPa)Minimum Yield Point to4in.[100mm]ThickA633/A633M Normalized High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates A656/A656M Hot-Rolled Structural Steel,High-Strength Low-Alloy Platewith Improved FormabilityA678/A678M Quenched-and-Tempered Carbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel PlatesA690/A690M High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel H-Piles and Sheet Piling forUse in Marine EnvironmentsA709/A709M Carbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural SteelShapes,Plates,and Bars and Quenched-and-TemperedAlloy Structural Steel Plates for BridgesA710/A710M Age-Hardening Low-Carbon Nickel-Copper-Chromium-Mo-lybdenum-Columbium Alloy Structural Steel PlatesA769/A769M Carbon and High-Strength Electric Resistance Welded SteelStructural ShapesA786/A786M Rolled Steel Floor PlatesA808/A808M High-Strength Low-Alloy Carbon,Manganese,Columbium,Vanadium Steel of Structural Quality with Improved NotchToughnessA827/A827M Plates,Carbon Steel,for Forging and Similar Applications A829/A829M Plates,Alloy Steel,Structural QualityA830/A830M Plates,Carbon Steel,Structural Quality,Furnished toChemical Composition RequirementsA852/A852M Quenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Structural Steel Platewith70ksi[485Mpa]Minimum Yield Strength to4in.[100mm]ThickA857/A857M Steel Sheet Piling,Cold Formed,Light GageA871/A871M High-Strength Low Alloy Structural Steel Plate with Atmo-spheric Corrosion ResistanceA913/A913M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Shapes ofStructural Quality,Produced by Quenching and Self-Tempering Process(QST)A945/A945M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural SteelPlate with Low Carbon and Restricted Sulfur for ImprovedWeldability,Formability,and ToughnessA950/A950M Specification for Fusion Bonded Epoxy-Coated StructuralSteel H-Piles and Sheet PilingA992/A992M Specification for Steel for Structural Shapes for Use inBuilding FramingA1026Specification for Alloy Steel Structural Shapes for Use inBuilding FramingA1043/A1043M Specification for Structural Steel with Low Yield to TensileRatio for Use in Buildings1.2Annex A1lists permitted variations in dimensions and mass(Note1)in SI units.The values listed are not exact conversions of the values in Tables1to31inclusive but are, instead,rounded or rationalized values.Conformance to Annex A1is mandatory when the“M”specification designation is used.N OTE1—The term“weight”is used when inch-pound units are the standard;however,under SI,the preferred term is“mass.”1.3Annex A2lists the dimensions of some shape profiles.1.4Appendix X1provides information on coil as a source of structural products.1.5Appendix X2provides information on the variability of tensile properties in plates and structural shapes.1.6Appendix X3provides information on weldability. 1.7Appendix X4provides information on cold bending of plates,including suggested minimum inside radii for cold bending.1.8This general requirements specification also covers a group of supplementary requirements that are applicable to several of the above product specifications as indicated therein. Such requirements are provided for use where additional1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01on Steel,Stainless Steel,and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.02on Structural Steel for Bridges,Buildings,Rolling Stock,and Ships.Current edition approved Sept.1,2005.Published September2005.Originallyapproved st previous edition approved in2004as A6/A6M–05.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications,see related Specifi-cation SA-6/SA-6M in Section II of that Code.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.testing or additional restrictions are required by the purchaser, and apply only where specified individually in the purchase order.1.9In case of any conflict in requirements,the requirements of the applicable product specification prevail over those of this general requirements specification.1.10Additional requirements that are specified in the pur-chase order and accepted by the supplier are permitted, provided that such requirements do not negate any of the requirements of this general requirements specification or the applicable product specification.1.11For purposes of determining conformance with this general requirements specification and the applicable product specification,values are to be rounded to the nearest unit in the right-hand place offigures used in expressing the limiting values in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.1.12The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard.Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;therefore,each system is to be used independently of the other,without combining values in any way.1.13This general requirements specification and the appli-cable product specification are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units;however,unless the order specifies the applicable“M”specification designation(SI units),the struc-tural product is furnished to inch-pound units.1.14The text of this general requirements specification contains notes and/or footnotes that provide explanatory ma-terial.Such notes and footnotes,excluding those in tables and figures,do not contain any mandatory requirements.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:3A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA673/A673M Specification for Sampling Procedure for Impact Testing of Structural SteelA700Practices for Packaging,Marking,and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Domestic ShipmentA751Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA829Specification for Plates,Alloy Steel,Structural Qual-ityA941Terminology Relating to Steel,Stainless Steel,Re-lated Alloys,and FerroalloysE29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE112Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size E208Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels2.2American Welding Society Standards:A5.1Mild Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes4A5.5Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes4 itary Standards:MIL-STD-129Marking for Shipment and Storage5MIL-STD-163Steel Mill Products Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage52.4U.S.Federal Standard:Fed.Std.No.123Marking for Shipments(Civil Agencies)5 2.5AIAG Standard:B-1Bar Code Symbology Standard63.Terminology3.1Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1Plates(other thanfloor plates)—Flat,hot-rolled steel, ordered to thickness or weight[mass]and typically width and length,commonly classified as follows:3.1.1.1When Ordered to Thickness:(1)Over8in.[200mm]in width and0.230in.[6mm]or over in thickness.(2)Over48in.[1200mm]in width and0.180in.[4.5mm] or over in thickness.3.1.1.2When Ordered to Weight[Mass]:(1)Over8in.[200mm]in width and9.392lb/ft2[47.10 kg/m2]or heavier.(2)Over48in.[1200mm]in width and7.350lb/ft2[35.32 kg/m2]or heavier.3.1.1.3Discussion—Steel products are available in various thickness,width,and length combinations depending upon equipment and processing capabilities of various manufactur-ers and processors.Historic limitations of a product based upon dimensions(thickness,width,and length)do not take into account current production and processing capabilities.To qualify any product to a particular product specification re-quires all appropriate and necessary tests be performed and that the results meet the limits prescribed in that product specifi-cation.If the necessary tests required by a product specification cannot be conducted,the product cannot be qualified to that specification.This general requirement standard contains per-mitted variations for the commonly available sizes.Permitted variations for other sizes are subject to agreement between the customer and the manufacturer or processor,whichever is applicable.3.1.1.4Slabs,sheet bars,and skelp,though frequently falling in the foregoing size ranges,are not classed as plates.3.1.1.5Coils are excluded from qualification to the appli-cable product specification until they are decoiled,leveled or straightened,formed(if applicable),cut to length,and,if required,properly tested by the processor in accordance with ASTM specification requirements(see Sections9,10,11,12, 13,14,15,18,and19and the applicable product specification).3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4Available from the American Welding Society,Jeune Rd.,Miami, FL33135.5Available from the procuring activity or as directed by the contracting office or from the Standardization Documents Order Desk,Bldg.4Section D,700Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia,PA19111-5094Attn:NPODS.6Available from the Automotive Industry Action Group,26200Lahser Road, Suite200,Southfield,MI48034.3.1.2Shapes(Flanged Sections):3.1.2.1structural-size shapes—rolledflanged sections hav-ing at least one dimension of the cross section3in.[75mm]or greater.3.1.2.2bar-size shapes—rolledflanged sections having a maximum dimension of the cross section less than3in.[75 mm].3.1.2.3“W”shapes—doubly-symmetric,wide-flange shapes with insideflange surfaces that are substantially paral-lel.3.1.2.4“HP”shapes—are wide-flange shapes generally used as bearing piles whoseflanges and webs are of the same nominal thickness and whose depth and width are essentially the same.3.1.2.5“S”shapes—doubly-symmetric beam shapes with insideflange surfaces that have a slope of approximately162⁄3 %.3.1.2.6“M”shapes—doubly-symmetric shapes that cannot be classified as“W,”“S,”or“HP”shapes.3.1.2.7“C”shapes—channels with insideflange surfaces that have a slope of approximately162⁄3%.3.1.2.8“MC”shapes—channels that cannot be classified as “C”shapes.3.1.2.9“L”shapes—shapes having equal-leg and unequal-leg angles.3.1.3sheet piling—rolled steel sections that are capable of being interlocked,forming a continuous wall when individual pieces are driven side by side.3.1.4bars—rounds,squares,and hexagons,of all sizes;flats 13⁄64in.(0.203in.)and over[over5mm]in specified thickness, not over6in.[150mm]in specified width;andflats0.230in. and over[over6mm]in specified thickness,over6to8in. [150to200mm]inclusive,in specified width.3.1.5exclusive—when used in relation to ranges,as for ranges of thickness in the tables of permissible variations in dimensions,is intended to exclude only the greater value of the range.Thus,a range from60to72in.[1500to1800mm] exclusive includes60in.[1500mm],but does not include72 in.[1800mm].3.1.6rimmed steel—steel containing sufficient oxygen to give a continuous evolution of carbon monoxide during sol-dification,resulting in a case or rim of metal virtually free of voids.3.1.7semi-killed steel—incompletely deoxidized steel con-taining sufficient oxygen to form enough carbon monoxide during solidification to offset solidification shrinkage.3.1.8capped steel—rimmed steel in which the rimming action is limited by an early capping operation.Capping is carried out mechanically by using a heavy metal cap on a bottle-top mold or chemically by an addition of aluminum or ferrosilicon to the top of the molten steel in an open-top mold.3.1.9killed steel—steel deoxidized,either by addition of strong deoxidizing agents or by vacuum treatment,to reduce the oxygen content to such a level that no reaction occurs between carbon and oxygen during solidification.3.1.10mill edge—the normal edge produced by rolling between horizontalfinishing rolls.A mill edge does not conform to any definite l edge plates have two mill edges and two trimmed edges.3.1.11universal mill edge—the normal edge produced by rolling between horizontal and verticalfinishing rolls.Univer-sal mill plates,sometimes designated UM Plates,have two universal mill edges and two trimmed edges.3.1.12sheared edge—the normal edge produced by shear-ing.Sheared edge plates are trimmed on all edges.3.1.13gas cut edge—the edge produced by gasflame cutting.3.1.14special cut edge—usually the edge produced by gas flame cutting involving special practices such as pre-heating or post-heating,or both,in order to minimize stresses,avoid thermal cracking and reduce the hardness of the gas cut edge. In special instances,special cut edge is used to designate an edge produced by machining.3.1.15sketch—when used to describe a form of plate, denotes a plate other than rectangular,circular,or semi-circular.Sketch plates may be furnished to a radius or with four or more straight sides.3.1.16normalizing—a heat treating process in which a steel plate is reheated to a uniform temperature above the upper critical temperature and then cooled in air to below the transformation range.3.1.17plate-as-rolled—when used in relation to the loca-tion and number of tests,the term refers to the unit plate rolled from a slab or directly from an ingot.It does not refer to the condition of the plate.3.1.18fine grain practice—a steelmaking practice that is intended to produce a killed steel that is capable of meeting the requirements forfine austenitic grain size.3.1.18.1Discussion—It normally involves the addition of one or more austenitic grain refining elements in amounts that have been established by the steel producer as being sufficient. Austenitic grain refining elements include,but are not limited to,aluminum,columbium,titanium,and vanadium.3.1.19structural product—a hot-rolled steel plate,shape, sheet piling,or bar.3.1.20coil—hot-rolled steel in coiled form that is intended to be processed into afinished structural product.3.1.21manufacturer—the organization that directly con-trols the conversion of steel ingots,slabs,blooms,or billets,by hot-rolling,into an as-rolled structural product or into coil;and for structural products produced from as-rolled structural products,the organization that directly controls,or is respon-sible for,the operations involved infinishing the structural product.3.1.21.1Discussion—Suchfinishing operations include lev-eling or straightening,hot forming or cold forming(if appli-cable),welding(if applicable),cutting to length,testing, inspection,conditioning,heat treatment(if applicable),pack-aging,marking,loading for shipment,and certification.3.1.22processor—the organization that directly controls,or is responsible for,the operations involved in the processing of coil into afinished structural product.Such processing opera-tions include decoiling,leveling or straightening,hot-forming or cold-forming(if applicable),welding(if applicable),cuttingto length,testing,inspection,conditioning,heat treatment(if applicable),packaging,marking,loading for shipment,and certification.3.1.22.1Discussion—The processing operations need not be done by the organization that did the hot rolling of the coil. If only one organization is involved in the hot rolling and processing operations,that organization is termed the manu-facturer for the hot rolling operation and the processor for the processing operations.If more than one organization is in-volved in the hot rolling and processing operations,the organization that did the hot rolling is termed the manufacturer and an organization that does one or more processing opera-tions is termed a processor.3.2Refer to Terminology A941for additional definitions of terms used in this standard.4.Ordering Information4.1Information items to be considered,if appropriate,for inclusion in purchase orders are as follows:4.1.1ASTM product specification designation(see1.1)and year-date,4.1.2Name of structural product(plate,shape,bar,or sheet piling),4.1.3Shape designation,or size and thickness or diameter, 4.1.4Grade,class,and type designation,if applicable,4.1.5Condition(see Section6),if other than as-rolled, 4.1.6Quantity(weight[mass]or number of pieces),4.1.7Length,4.1.8Exclusion of either structural product produced from coil or structural product produced from an as-rolled structural product(see5.3and Appendix X1),if applicable,4.1.9Heat treatment requirements(see6.2and6.3),if any, 4.1.10Testing forfine austenitic grain size(see8.3.2), 4.1.11Mechanical property test report requirements(see Section14),if any,4.1.12Special packaging,marking,and loading for ship-ment requirements(see Section19),if any,4.1.13Supplementary requirements,if any,including any additional requirements called for in the supplementary re-quirements,4.1.14End use,if there are any end-use-specific require-ments(see18.1,11.3.4,Table22or Table A1.22,and Table24 or Table A1.24)4.1.15Special requirements(see1.10),if any,and4.1.16Repair welding requirements(see9.5),if any.5.Materials and Manufacture5.1The steel shall be made in an open-hearth,basic-oxygen, or electric-arc furnace,possibly followed by additionl refining in a ladle metallurgy furnace(LMF),or secondary melting by vacuum-arc remelting(V AR)or electroslag remelting(ESR).5.2The steel shall be strand cast or cast in stationary molds.5.2.1Strand Cast:5.2.1.1When heats of the same nominal chemical compo-sition are consecutively strand cast at one time,the heat number assigned to the cast product need not be changed until all of the steel in the cast product is from the following heat.5.2.1.2When two consecutively strand cast heats have different nominal chemical composition ranges,the manufac-turer shall remove the transition material by an established procedure that positively separates the grades.5.3Structural products shall be produced from an as-rolled structural product or from coil.5.4Where part of a heat is rolled into an as-rolled structural product and the balance of the heat is rolled into coil,each part shall be tested separately.5.5Structural products produced from coil shall not contain splice welds,unless previously approved by the purchaser.6.Heat Treatment6.1Where th structural product is required to be heat treated,such heat treatment shall be performed by the manu-facturer,the processor,or the fabricator,unless otherwise specified in the applicable product specification.N OTE2—When no heat treatment is required,the manufacturer or processor has the option of heat treating the structural product by normalizing,stress relieving,or normalizing then stress relieving to meet the applicable product specification.6.2Where the heat treatment is to be performed by other than the manufacturer,the order shall so state.6.2.1Where the heat treatment is to be performed by other than the manufacturer,the structural products shall be accepted on the basis of tests made on test specimens taken from full thickness test coupons heat treated in accordance with the requirements specified in the applicable product specification or in the purchase order.If the heat-treatment temperatures are not specified,the manufacturer or processor shall heat treat the test coupons under conditions he considers appropriate,pro-vided that the purchaser is informed of the procedure followed in heat treating the test coupons.6.3Where the heat treatment is to be performed by the manufacturer or the processor,the structural product shall be heat treated as specified in the applicable product specification, or as specified in the purchase order,provided that the heat treatment specified by the purchaser is not in conflict with the requirements of the applicable product specification.6.4Where normalizing is to be performed by the fabricator, the structural product shall be either normalized or heated uniformly for hot forming,provided that the temperature to which the structural product is heated for hot forming does not significantly exceed the normalizing temperature.6.5The use of cooling rates that are faster than those obtained by cooling in air to improve the toughness shall be subject to approval by the purchaser,and structural products so treated shall be tempered subsequently in the range from1100 to1300°F[595to705°C].7.Chemical Analysis7.1Heat Analysis:7.1.1Sampling for chemical analysis and methods of analy-sis shall be in accordance with Test Methods,Practices,and Terminolgy A751.7.1.2For each heat,the heat analysis shall include determi-nation of the content of carbon,manganese,phosphorus,sulfur, silicon,nickel,chromium,molybdenum,copper,vanadium, columbium;any other element that is specified or restricted by the applicable product specification for the applicablegrade,class,and type;and any austenitic grain refining element whose content is to be used in place of austenitic grain size testing of the heat(see8.3.2).7.1.3Except as allowed by7.1.4for primary heats,heat analyses shall conform to the heat analysis requirements of the applicable product specification for the applicable grade,class, and type.7.1.4Where vacuum-arc remelting or electroslag remelting is used,a remelted heat is defined as all ingots remelted from a single primary heat.If the heat analysis of the primary heat conforms to the heat analysis requirements of the applicable product specification for the applicable grade,class,and type, the heat analysis for the remelted heat shall be determined from one test sample taken from one remelted ingot,or the product of one remelted ingot,from the primary heat.If the heat analysis of the primary heat does not conform to the heat analysis requirements of the applicable product specification for the applicable grade,type,and class,the heat analysis for the remelted heat shall be determined from one test sample taken from each remelted ingot,or the product of each remelted ingot,from the primary heat.7.2Product Analysis—For each heat,the purchaser shall have the option of analyzing representative samples taken from thefinished structural product.Sampling for chemical analysis and methods of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology A751.The product analyses so determined shall conform to the heat analysis requirements of the applicable product specification for the applicable grade,class,and type,subject to the permitted variations in product analysis given in Table A.If a range is specified,the determinations of any element in a heat shall not vary both above and below the specified range.Rimmed or capped steel is characterized by a lack of homogeneity in its composition,especially for the elements carbon,phosphorus, and sulfur.Therefore,the limitations for these elements shall not be applicable unless misapplication is clearly indicated.7.3Referee Analysis—For referee purposes,Test Methods, Practices,and Terminology A751shall be used.7.4Grade Substitution—Alloy steel grades that meet the chemical requirements of Table1of Specification A829shall not be substituted for carbon steel grades.8.Metallurgical Structure8.1Where austenitic grain size testing is required,such testing shall be in accordance with Test Methods E112and at least70%of the grains in the area examined shall meet the specified grain size requirement.8.2Coarse Austenitic Grain Size—Where coarse austenitic grain size is specified,one austenitic grain size test per heat shall be made and the austenitic grain size number so deter-mined shall be in the range of1to5,inclusive.8.3Fine Austenitic Grain Size:8.3.1Wherefine austenitic grain size is specified,except as allowed in8.3.2,one austenitic grain size test per heat shall be made and the austenitic grain size number so determined shall be5or higher.N OTE3—Such austenitic grain size numbers may be achieved with lower contents of austenitic grain refining elemenst than8.3.2requires for austenitic grain size testing to be waived.8.3.2Unless testing forfine austenitic grain size is specified in the purchase order,an austenitic grain size test need not be made for any heat that has,by heat analysis,one or more of the following:8.3.2.1A total aluminum content of0.020%or more. 8.3.2.2An acid soluble aluminum content of0.015%or more.8.3.2.3A content for an austenitic grain refining element that exceeds the minimum value agreed to by the purchaser as being sufficient for austenitic grain size testing to be waived,or 8.3.2.4Contents for the combination of two or more auste-nitic grain refining elements that exceed the applicable mini-mum values agreed to by the purchaser as being sufficient for austenitic grain size testing to be waived.9.Quality9.1General—Structural products shall be free of injurious defects and shall have a workmanlikefinish.N OTE4—Unless otherwise specified,structural products are normally furnished in the as-rolled condition and are subjected to visual inspection by the manufacturer or processor.Non-injurious surface or internal imperfections,or both,may be present in the structural product as delivered and the structural product may require conditioning by the purchaser to improve its appearance or in preparation for welding,coating, or other further operations.More restrictive requirements may be specified by invoking supplemen-tary requirements or by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. Structural products that exhibit injurious defects during subsequent fabrication are deemed not to comply with the applicable product specification.(See17.2.)Fabricators should be aware that cracks may initiate upon bending a sheared or burned edge during the fabrication process;this is not considered to be a fault of the steel but is rather a function of the induced cold-work or the heat-affected zone.The conditioning requirements in9.2,9.3,and9.4limit the condition-ing allowed to be performed by the manufacturer or processor.Condition-ing of imperfections beyond the limits of9.2,9.3,and9.4may be performed by parties other than the manufacturer or processor at the discretion of thepurchaser.。
美国标准一览表
API Std527-1991
泄压阀阀座的紧密度
API Std594-1997
饼式及饼式凸耳止回阀
API Std598-1996
阀的检验和试压
API Std600-2001
法兰和对焊连接的钢制闸阀
API Std603-2001
150级铸造耐腐蚀法兰端闸阀
API Std609-1997
API 593-81
法兰连接球墨铸铁旋塞阀（1）
API 594-91
对夹式和凸耳对夹式止回阀
API 595-79
法兰连接的铸铁闸阀（1）
API 597-81
法兰和对焊连接的钢制缩径闸阀（1）
API 598-94
阀门的检查和试验
API 599-94
法兰连接和焊连接的金属旋塞阀
API 600-91
法兰和对焊连接的钢制闸阀
避免氨装置中设备的环境开裂(第一版)
API Spcc6D-1994
管道阀门(闸阀旋塞阀球阀和止回阀)规范(第二十版)
API Spec 11V1-1995
气举阀、孔板、回流阀和隔板阀规范
API Spec 14A－2000第10版
井下安全阀设备规范
API Spec 598-96
阀门的检验和试验
API Spec 5L-2000
凸耳及饼式蝶阀
API Std620-1996
大型焊接低压储罐的设计和建造(第八版)
API Std674-1995
容积式泵-往复式(第一版)（英）
API Std674-1995
容积式泵-往复式(第一版)（中）
API Std675-1994
容积式泵-容积可控式(第一版)
ASTM A36钢材标准
美国材料与试验协会标准碳素结构钢ASTM A36/A36M-94本标准是以规定名称A36/A36M颁布的,紧接在名称后面的数字表示最新采用的年份,在修订的情况下为最近修订的年份。
括号中的数字表示最近复审的年份。
标在某一个字上面的ε表示自从最近一次修订或复审以后的编辑性修改。
本标准已被通过为国防部机构所使用,并已列入规范和标准的DoD目录中。
1 范围1.1 本标准适用于桥梁、建筑和一般结构的例接、栓接或焊接用的碳素结构型钢、钢板和钢棒。
1.2 如要求改善内部质量和冲击韧性时,可采用补充要求,但需方应在合同中注明。
1.3 对于须进行焊接的钢材,应考虑适合于该钢的焊接方法以及钢材预定的用途。
1.4 对要求为4组或5组宽翼缘型钢而不是柱体或抗压件时,用户应规定附加要求,如规定细化奥氏体晶粒度及夏比V型缺口冲击。
1.5 用英寸一英镑单位或SI〈米〉单位表示量的值都应视为标准值,在本文中,SI单位的列于圆括号内,在各个体系中表示的值不是精确等值,因此各个系统必须独立使用。
两个体系的混合使用会导致与本标准的不一致。
2 引用文件2.1 ASTM标准3 附属材料(略)4 一般交货要求4.1 按本标准供货的钢板应符合A6/A6M现行版本的有关规定,对于订购的材料,如与本标准不一致,应以本标准为准。
5 支承板5.1 如无其他规定,桥梁支承板用钢板,必须进行机械试验,并应符合第8节抗拉性能的要求。
5.2 如无其他规定,对于厚度大于1又1/2英寸（40mm),并在桥以外的结构中用作垫板的钢板,可不要求进行机械试验、但含碳量0.20～0.33%的钢材必须进行化学成分熔炼分析,其磷和硫的含量应符合表2的规定。
每一个钢锭应有足够的切头、以确保钢板的质量。
6 制造方法6.1 钢必须用下列方法中的一种或多种方法进行冶炼:平炉、氧气转炉或电炉。
6.2 厚度大于1/2英寸〈12.5mm〉的钢板和钢棒或1组以外的型钢不得采用沸腾钢或封顶钢7 化学成分7.1 除第5.2节规定外,钢的熔炼分析应符合表2的规定。
热轧产品基本知识及标准
热轧产品基本知识及标准1、热连轧钢板产品简介：热连轧钢板、带产品，是以板坯（主要为连铸坯）为原料，经加热后由粗轧机组及精轧机组制成带钢。
从精轧最后一架轧机出来的热钢带通过层流冷却至设定温度，由卷取机卷成钢带卷，冷却后的钢带卷，根据用户的不同需求，经过不同的精整作业线（平整、矫直、横切或纵切、检验、称重、包装及标志等）加工而成为钢板、平整卷及纵切钢带产品。
由于热连轧钢板产品具有强度高，韧性好，易于加工成型及良好的可焊接性等优良性能，因而北广泛应用于船舶、汽车、桥梁、建筑、机械、压力容器等制造行业。
随着热轧尺寸精度、板形、表面质量等控制新技术的日益成熟以及新产品的不断问世，热连轧钢板、带产品得到了越来越广泛的应用并在市场上具有越来越强的竞争力。
一般说明热连轧钢板产品，钢种规格品种繁多，用途广泛，从一般的工程结构至汽车、桥梁、船舶、锅炉压力容器等制造，都得到大量使用。
各种不同用途，对钢板的材质性能、表面质量及尺寸、外形精度等要求也各不相同，因此，必须对热轧钢板产品的品种、材质、特性及其用途有所了解，才能做到经济、合理利用。
2、力学性能考虑要点力学性能名词术语（1）力学性能：钢板的力学性能式指钢板在受力作用下所显示与弹性或非弹性反应相关或涉及应力——应变关系的性能。
抗拉强度、屈服点、伸长率及冲击吸收功是表示热轧钢板力学性能的主要指标。
其大小表示钢材抵抗各种作用的能力的大小，是评定钢板材料质量的主要判据，也是钢板制件设计时选材和进行强度计算的主要依据。
（2）力学性能实验：测定热轧钢板力学性能的实验主要有拉伸试验及冲击试验等。
（3）屈服强度：试样在拉伸过程中，负荷不增加或开始有所降低而试样仍能继续伸长（变形）时的应力。
钢材的屈服强度愈低，产生永久变形所需的力愈小，即愈容易成形加工。
（4）抗拉强度：试样拉伸时，在拉断前所承受的最大应力。
当材料所受的外应力大于其抗拉强度时，将会发生破裂，因此，钢板材料的抗拉强度愈大，则表示它愈能承受大的外应力而不断裂。
检验标准热轧
热轧型刚检验标准（总则）编号： 零部件名称 热轧工字钢、热轧槽钢、热轧等边角钢、热轧不等边角钢、热轧H型钢适用范围 通用主要组成部件热轧工字钢、热轧槽钢、热轧等边角钢、热轧不等边角钢、热轧H型钢包装方式 型钢应按照规格小捆捆扎（需求数量单根除外），后按照项目大捆捆扎。
捆扎材料应为钢带、盘条、铁丝。
包装标识供方名称（商标）、牌号、炉（批）号、型号、规格、重量或每捆根数检验依据标准QJS/RK 03.00/01.005.1-2015关键特性 1、包装标志2、结构尺寸3、外观质量4、化学成分5、力学性能备 注 需方应在拆捆前按照型钢每捆的标识检验该捆型钢的长度、重量每捆根数等内容，对上述内容有质量异议时不应拆捆。
拟制/日期审核/日期批准/日期变更标记 变更申请单号 检验员/SQE确认及日期热轧型刚检验标准（指导部分）编号：操作步骤 检验项目检测设备 详细操作方法及内容 标准要求、注意事项 备注第1步 资料审查……1、确定供应商是否提供规定格式的自检记录（尺寸、外观）。
2、确定供应商提供的质量证明书是否符合规定格式及内容真实有效。
a、如果未提供自检记录或质量证明书，则检验完毕后不予入库，待补齐并经质检员确认数据真实性后入库。
第2步 标准确认……标准齐套性：3、是否有该型号原材料的正式送货单、技术条件或通用技术标准；4、是否有检验标准（指导书），标准是否为最新版本；b．送货单齐全、无错误，技术条件或通用技术标准为最新受控版本；c. 检验标准为受控、最新版本；第3步 抽样方案……5、外观、尺寸需逐根检验，重量按批次检验。
物理性能和化学成分检验按照《金属材料质量管理办法》的规定对相应牌号的型钢取样、制样、送检。
d、抽检和取样数量见附录3表格2规定取样方法按照GB/T2975规定进行。
……第4步 包装 6、捆扎结实耐用，便于多次转储。
7、型钢的捆扎规定见附件表1.8、核对每大捆的型材规格、数量是否符合送货单要求。
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美国材料与试验协会标准热轧结构钢板、型钢、板桩和棒钢通用技术条件ASTM(摘要) A6/A6M-951适用范围1 l 本标准包括一组通用的技术要求,除材料标准中另有规定外,这些要求适用于由ASTM 颁布的下列热轧钢板、型钢、板桩和棒钢标准:附件Al 以SI(米制)单位列出尺寸和质量(注)的允许偏差。
所列出的值不是表1至表31中数值的精确换算值,而是代之以圆整值或更为合理化的量值。
当使用带"M"字母的标准号时,需强制性地遵循附件A1。
注：当以英寸一磅单位为标准时,采用名词"重量";而采用SI 单位制时更可取的名词是"质量"。
1.3 附件A2列出某些型钢的剖面尺寸。
(略)L.4 附录X1对可能由结构钢厚板生产出的卷板产品及其某些特性作了说明。
(略)1.5 附录X2提供了厚板和结构钢型钢的拉伸性能的允许偏差值。
(略)1.6 附录X3对焊接性能进行了说明。
(略)1.7 本标准也包括一组补充要求,这些要求可以适用于本标准前面列出的若干材料标准;它们是供需要附加试验或检验时使用的,并且只有当买方在订货单中单独作出规定时才采用。
1.8 如果本通用标准的要求与专用材料标准的要求发生任何矛盾时,以后者为准。
1.9 买方可以规定不否定本通用标准或各专用材料标准任何条款的附加要求。
经与供方协商得到认可后,这些附加要求必须记载到订货资料中（见第4节）。
1.10 为了确定与本标准及第1.1条中列出的各项材料标准的一致性,应按推荐方法E29的圆整规则将各数值圆整到用以表示界限值数字的最右边位数的精度。
1.11 无论以英寸一磅或SI单位表示的数值都应视为标准值。
正文中,SI单位在括号内示出。
由于两种单位制的数值不可能做到精确地相等,故必须独立地分别采用两种单位制。
如加以混用,将导致与本标准的不一致。
1.12 本标准及所引用的材料标准均采用英寸一磅和SI两种单位,除非订货单中规定采用带"M"字母的标准标号(SI单位),否则材料将以英寸一磅单位供货。
2 引用标准2.l ASTM标准A370 钢制品力学性能试验方法和定义。
A673/A673M 结构钢冲击试验取样方法技术条件A700 钢制品国内运输的包装,标志及装载的推荐方法A751 钢制品化学分析的方法,操作及定义E29 确定试验数据与标准规定一致性使用的有效数字位数的推荐规程E112 平均晶粒度的测定方法E208 采用落锤试验测定铁素体钢的无塑性转变温度的方法2.2 美国焊接学会(AWS)标准:A5.1 低碳钢手工电弧焊焊条A5.2 低合金钢手工电弧焊焊条2.3 美国军用标准MIL-STD-129 运输和贮存的标志MIL-STD-163 钢材轧制品装运和贮存前的处理2.4 美国联邦政府标准Fed.Std.No.123 装运标志(民间经销)3 本标准专用术语说明3.1 板(不同于地板用钢板或卷板产品)一指按下述分类的扁平热轧钢:3.1.1 当按厚度订货时:3.1.1.1 宽度>8in.(200mm)和厚度≥0.230in.(6mm)。
3.1.1.2 宽度>48in.(1200mm)和厚度≥0.180in.(4.5mm)。
3.1.2 当按重量订货时:3.1.2.1 宽度>8in.(200mm)和重量≥9.3922ib/ft2(47.lOkg/m3)。
3.2.2.2 宽度>48in.(120Omm)和厚度>0.18in.(4.5mm)。
3.1.3 扁钢坯,薄板板条和焊接管坯虽常符合上述的尺寸范围,但不归类为板。
3.1.4 卷板产品在切成定尺长度之前不受本标准的限制。
(见第5.3.2条)。
3.3 板桩一钢板桩由可以相互联结的轧制型材组成,当各块板桩边靠边地被打入时,形成一面连续的墙。
3.4 棒钢一指各种尺寸的圆钢、方钢和六角钢;规定厚度≥13/64in.(0.2031in)(>5mm)、规定宽度≤6in.(150mm)的扁钢;规定厚度≥.230in.(>6mm)规定宽度>6～8in.(150～200mm)的扁钢。
3.5 不包括一在涉及到数值范围使用时,如对尺寸允许偏差表中的厚度范围,本术语所指只不包括数值范围的较大值。
例如在60～72in.(1500～1800mm)范围内,标明不包括时是指包括60in.(150Omm)而不包括72in.(180Omm)之意。
3.11 轧制边一在水平终轧辊之间轧制所产生的正常状态边缘。
轧制边缘不符合任何确定的外形。
轧制边缘钢板有两条轧制边缘和两条修剪整齐的边缘。
3.12 通用轧制边一在水平和垂直终轧辊之间轧制所产生的正常状态边缘。
通用轧制边钢板有时叫UM钢板,这种钢板有两条通用轧制边缘和两条修剪的整齐边缘。
3.13 剪切边一剪切所产生的正常边缘。
剪切边钢板的各个边缘都是整齐的。
3.14 气割边一气体火焰切割所产生的边缘。
3.15 特殊切割边一通常是指包括特殊方法的热切割所产生的边缘,如为了减小应力,避免热裂,以及降低切割边缘的硬度而采用预热或后热或既预热又后热。
在特殊情况下,特殊切割边缘可以用来表示机加工所产生的边缘。
4 订货须知4.l 根据需要,订货单应包括足以说明所需材料的下述资料:4.1.l ASTM编号和等级等(如果适用的话)。
4.1.2 材料名称(型钢、钢板、棒钢)。
4.1.3 型钢标号,或规格和厚度或直径,以及长度。
4.1.4 数量[重量(质量)或张数]。
4.1.5 状态,如果不是热轧状态的话(正火等)。
4.1.6 如果订货单未作特殊说明(见附录X1),可以供应卷板,也可以供应用平板产品按长度切割的钢板。
4.1.8 力学性能试验报告要求,如果有的话。
4.1.9 如有要求,由轧钢厂进行试样热处理。
4.1.10 补充要求,如果有的话应包括本标准补充要求中需要的任何附加资料。
5 制造5.1 除材料标准中另有规定外,钢应采用平炉、碱性氧气转炉或电炉冶炼。
允许采用真空电弧重熔(VAR)或电渣重溶(ESR)进行补充精炼。
5.2 钢可在静止的铸模中铸造,也可用连续铸造。
6 热处理6.1 当材料要求热处理时,除非材料标准中另有规定,热处理可以由制造厂、加工厂或使用厂来进行。
6.2 当热处理由制造厂以外的厂家进行时,则订货单位应作出这种说明。
6.2.1 当热处理由制造厂以外的厂家进行时,钢板验收的条件是:取自全厚度的试块按材料标准或订货单规定的要求进行热处理,用此试块加工的试样作试验。
如果未规定热处理温度,制造厂或加工「应将试块在他认为合适的条件下进行热处理,试样在热处理时遵循的工艺应通告买方。
6.3 当热处理是由制造厂或加工厂进行时,则材料应按材料标准中的规定进行热处理。
只要与材料标准的要求不矛盾,买方可以指定采用的热处理。
6.4 当正火是由使用厂进行时,可以通过热成形时的均匀加热而完成,钢板热成形时的加热温度不应显著超过正火温度。
6.5 当不要求热处理时,制造或加工厂可以对钢板随意选用正火、消除应力、或正火加消除应力热处理,以满足材料标准的要求。
6.6 如果经买方同意,允许冷却速度大于在空气中冷却速度,以改善韧性,但钢板应接着在温度范围为1100～1300F(595～705℃)进行回火处理。
7 化学分析7.1 熔炼分析-制造厂应对每个炉号进行分析,以确定专用材料标准所规定或限制的碳、锰、磷、硫和任何其它元素的百分含量。
这种分析应该优先用在浇铸过程中取出的样品来进行。
熔炼分析的结果应向买方或其代表报告,并应符合专用标准的熔炼分析要求。
7.1.2 除元素在标准中有规定外,试验报告应包括Cu、Nl、Cr、Ni、Mo、Si、V的化学分析。
当Cu、Cr、Ni、Mo、Si少于0.02%,可报告为<0.02%。
当Nb、V含量少于0.008%,可报告为<0.008%。
7.2 成品分析-买方可以分析代表每个炉号的成品材料,取样按A751方法、操作和定义。
这样测定的化学成分应符合列在表B中成品分析允许偏差的成品标准要求。
如果化学成分规定了一个范围,则一个炉号中任何元素的多个测定值不能超过或低于规定范围。
沸腾钢或封顶沸腾钢具有化学成分不均匀的特性,特别是碳、磷和硫元素,因而,如果不是明显出现错误制造,对这些元素不必加以限制。
7.3 仲裁试验-为了仲裁,应使用A751方法、操作和定义。
8 金相组织8.1 当有奥氏体晶粒度规定时,它应规定为细奥氏体晶粒度或粗奥氏体晶粒度。
奥氏体晶粒度按E112方法测定。
8.2 粗奥氏体晶粒度一当规定为粗奥氏体晶粒度时,钢按8.1条所引方法测定有1～5级晶粒度时应予验收。
以检查范围内70%的晶粒符合规定的晶粒度要求作为验收依据。
每个炉号作一次试验,并报告晶粒度结果。
8.3 细奥氏体晶粒度8.3.1 当规定为细奥氏体晶粒度时,钢按8.1条所引方法测定具有5级以上晶粒度。
以检查范围内70%的晶粒符合规定的晶粒度要求作为验收依据。
除8.3.2条所述者外,每个炉号作一次晶粒度试验,并报告晶粒度结果。
8.3.2 当用铝作细化晶粒的元素,且熔炼分析总的铝含量不小于0.020%,或者酸溶铝含量不小于0.015%,则应认为细奥氏体晶粒度已满足要求,并且8.1条所述的试验要求可以免做,此时,应将铝含量列在报告中。
8.3.3 当订货单有规定时,按每个炉号作一个奥氏体晶粒度试验(见8.1),而不管细化晶粒元素的种类或含量。
奥氏体晶粒度应符合8.3.1条要求。
8.3.4 铝以外的元素也可以被用作细化晶粒的元素。
在这种情况下,仍应要求按8.1条进行晶粒度试验,其元素含量应在熔炼分析中报告。
9 质量9.1 总则一材料应不含有有害缺陷,并应经良好的修整。
注2:除非另有规定,优质结构钢通常以轧制状态供货,并由制造厂进行外观检查。
钢在发货时,表面或内部或表面及内部无有害缺陷存在,并且买方可以要求修整以改善钢的外观,或要求加工焊接坡口、涂层和其它进一步的处理。
进一步的限制要求可借助于补充要求,或买卖双方协商而定。
任何材料在以后的使用期间出现有害缺陷的情况,这样的材料认为是不符合标准,应予拒收并通知供方(见16.2)。
使用者应知道,在使用过程中,裂纹是可以在弯曲一条剪切过或烧过的边上发生。
这不认为是钢有缺陷,更确切地说冷加工或热影响区的作用引起的。
在9.2、9.3、9.4条中的修整要求,限定由制造厂执行许可的修整。
除9.2、9.3、9.4条以外的缺陷的修整,可由除制造厂以外的另一些当事人进行,由买方自行决定。
9.2 钢板的修整9.2.1 钢板可以由制造厂或加工厂通过打磨清除上下表面的缺陷或凹陷而加以修整,要求被打磨的区域很好地圆滑过渡而没有外形的突变,打磨所引起的厚度减小应满足:(1)对按每平方英尺重量〈每平方米质量〉订货的钢板不得大于公称厚度的7%,且决不能大于1/8 in.(3mm)；或(2)对按in.(mm)厚度订货的钢板,不得使厚度小于允许的最小厚度。