安托万方程_Antoine equation_
常数系数系列第一弹——最全的安托因方程和常数表(Antoine equation and coefficient)2010年07月16日 星期五 07:59 P.M.
大家上面看到的这段公式相信有些人一定很熟悉吧!这是安托因方程的最初版本,发表于1888年,今天要给大家的是安托因方程的常数表,希望对需要的朋友有点用,一共700个化合物,当然还有个版本是4000个庞然大物,我会以excel的形式给大家,这里面提供了5
因子的安托因方程和常数。
对科学没兴趣的绕道吧!以后我会定期更新一些重要的常数信息,当然我估计我这里的是最全的了,除非是专业的数据库,不信的话你去别处看看谁的文章里会有4000个之多的化合物。
(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……
安托万方程(Antoine equation)是工程上广泛使用与实验数据吻合较好的经验方程,是一个最简单的三参数蒸汽压方程,其一般形式为log P = A - B / t +C,其中:P 单位为 mmHg, t 单位为 ℃, A = 6.91210, B = 1214.645, C = 221.205。
A、B、C是与物质相关的特性常数,使用该方程要注意温度适用范围。
适用的温度范围相当于饱和蒸气压范围为1.5~
200kPa,一般不宜外推。
蒸气压方程中,蒸气压仅是温度的单变量函数,因而只适用于不存在表面张力、流体静压力、重力和电磁场等的影响时。
一般在化工计算中,上述影响可不考虑。
但当液体表面曲率不容忽略时(如蒸气冷凝形成液滴时),就要考虑表面张力的影响。
当流体静压力较大时(如液面有高压惰性气体作用时),也要考虑压力的影响。
科学术语
BET公式BET formulaDLVO理论DLVO theoryHLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodpVT性质pVT propertyζ电势zeta potential阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro'number阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy阿马格定律Amagat law艾林方程Erying equation爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein's law of photochemical equivalence 爱因斯坦-斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation安托万常数Antoine constant安托万方程Antoine equation盎萨格电导理论Onsager's theory of conductance半电池half cell半衰期half time period饱和液体saturated liquids饱和蒸气saturated vapor饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure爆炸界限explosion limits比表面功specific surface work比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function比浓粘度reduced viscosity标准电动势standard electromotive force标准电极电势standard electrode potential标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction 标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function 标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode标准态standard state标准熵standard entropy标准压力standard pressure标准状况standard condition表观活化能apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight表观迁移数apparent transference number表面surfaces表面过程控制surface process control表面活性剂surfactants表面吸附量surface excess表面张力surface tension表面质量作用定律surface mass action law波义尔定律Boyle law波义尔温度Boyle temperature波义尔点Boyle point玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann formula玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem玻色-爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics泊Poise不可逆过程irreversible process不可逆过程热力thermodynamics of irreversible processes不可逆相变化irreversible phase change布朗运动brownian movement查理定律Charle's law产率yield敞开系统open system超电势over potential沉降sedimentation沉降电势sedimentation potential沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium触变thixotropy粗分散系统thick disperse system催化剂catalyst单分子层吸附理论mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应unimolecular reaction单链反应straight chain reactions弹式量热计bomb calorimeter道尔顿定律Dalton law道尔顿分压定律Dalton partial pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式Debye cubic formula德拜-休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel's limiting equation等焓过程isenthalpic process等焓线isenthalpic line等几率定理theorem of equal probability等温等容位Helmholtz free energy等温等压位Gibbs free energy等温方程equation at constant temperature低共熔点eutectic point低共熔混合物eutectic mixture低会溶点lower consolute point低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second kind第三定律熵third-law entropy第一类永动机perpetual machine of the first kind缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorption电池常数cell constant电池电动势electromotive force of cells电池反应cell reaction电导conductance电导率conductivity电动势的温度系数temperature coefficient of electromotive force电动电势zeta potential电动现象electrokinetic phenomena电功electric work电化学electrochemistry电化学极化electrochemical polarization电极电势electrode potential电极反应reactions on the electrode电极种类type of electrodes电解池electrolytic cell电量计coulometer电流效率current efficiency电迁移electro migration电迁移率electromobility电渗electroosmosis电渗析electrodialysis电泳electrophoresis丁达尔效应Dyndall effect定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant volume定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure定压温度计constant pressure thermometer定域子系统localized particle system动力学方程kinetic equations动力学控制kinetics control独立子系统independent particle system对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume对比体积reduced volume对比温度reduced temperature对比压力reduced pressure对称数symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions对应状态原理principle of corresponding state多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 二级反应second order reaction二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数faraday constant法拉第定律Faraday's law法扬思-帕尼思规则Fajans- Pancth's rule反电动势back E.M.F.反渗透reverse osmosis反应分子数molecularity反应级数reaction orders反应进度extent of reaction反应热heat of reaction反应速率rate of reaction反应速率常数constant of reaction rate范德华常数van der Waals constant范德华方程van der Waals equation范德华力van der Waals force范德华气体van der Waals gases范特霍夫方程van't Hoff equation范特霍夫规则van't Hoff rule范特霍夫渗透压公式van't Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 非基元反应non-elementary reactions非体积功non-volume work非依时计量学反应time independent stoichiometric reactions 菲克扩散第一定律Fick's first law of diffusion沸点boiling point沸点升高elevation of boiling point费米-狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics分布distribution分布数distribution numbers分解电压decomposition voltage分配定律distribution law分散系统disperse system分散相dispersion phase分体积partial volume分体积定律partial volume law分压partial pressure分压定律partial pressure law分子反应力学mechanics of molecular reactions分子间力intermolecular force分子蒸馏molecular distillation封闭系统closed system附加压力excess pressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 负极negative pole负吸附negative adsorption复合反应composite reaction盖·吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac law盖斯定律Hess law甘汞电极calomel electrode感胶离子序lyotropic series杠杆规则lever rule高分子溶液macromolecular solution高会溶点upper consolute point隔离法the isolation method格罗塞斯-德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoer's law隔离系统isolated system根均方速率root-mean-square speed功work功函work content共轭溶液conjugate solution共沸温度azeotropic temperature构型熵configurational entropy孤立系统isolated system固溶胶solid sol固态混合物solid solution固相线solid phase line光反应photoreaction光化学第二定律the second law of actinochemistry光化学第一定律the first law of actinochemistry光敏反应photosensitized reactions光谱熵spectrum entropy广度性质extensive property广延量extensive quantity广延性质extensive property规定熵stipulated entropy过饱和溶液oversaturated solution过饱和蒸气oversaturated vapor过程process过渡状态理论transition state theory过冷水super-cooled water过冷液体overcooled liquid过热液体overheated liquid亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtz function亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtz free energy亥氏函数Helmholtz function焓enthalpy亨利常数Henry constant亨利定律Henry law恒沸混合物constant boiling mixture恒容摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热heat at constant volume恒外压constant external pressure恒压摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热heat at constant pressure化学动力学chemical kinetics化学反应计量式stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction 化学反应进度extent of chemical reaction化学亲合势chemical affinity化学热力学chemical thermodynamics化学势chemical potential化学势判据chemical potential criterion化学吸附chemisorptions环境environment环境熵变entropy change in environment挥发度volatility混合熵entropy of mixing混合物mixture活度activity活化控制activation control活化络合物理论activated complex theory活化能activation energy霍根-华森图Hougen-Watson Chart基态能级energy level at ground state基希霍夫公式Kirchhoff formula基元反应elementary reactions积分溶解热integration heat of dissolution吉布斯-杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhem equation吉布斯-亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotz equation 吉布斯函数Gibbs function吉布斯函数判据Gibbs function criterion吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy吉氏函数Gibbs function极化电极电势polarization potential of electrode 极化曲线polarization curves极化作用polarization极限摩尔电导率limiting molar conductivity几率因子steric factor计量式stoichiometric equation计量系数stoichiometric coefficient价数规则rule of valence简并度degeneracy键焓bond enthalpy胶冻broth jelly胶核colloidal nucleus胶凝作用demulsification胶束micelle胶体colloid胶体分散系统dispersion system of colloid胶体化学collochemistry胶体粒子colloidal particles胶团micelle焦耳Joule焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomson experiment焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomson coefficient焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomson effect焦耳定律Joule's law接触电势contact potential接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process节流膨胀throttling expansion节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption界面interfaces界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify聚(合)电解质polyelectrolyte聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index卡诺定理Carnot theorem卡诺循环Carnot cycle开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫-吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch's Law of Independent Migration of Ions可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process可逆过程方程reversible process equation可逆体积功reversible volume work可逆相变reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程Laplace's equation拉乌尔定律Raoult law兰格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式angmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式Rayleigh equation冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系统non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子强度ionic strength理想混合物perfect mixture理想气体ideal gas理想气体的绝热指数adiabatic index of ideal gases理想气体的微观模型micro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases 理想气体状态方程state equation of ideal gas理想稀溶液ideal dilute solution理想液态混合物perfect liquid mixture粒子particles粒子的配分函数partition function of particles连串反应consecutive reactions链的传递物chain carrier链反应chain reactions量热熵calorimetric entropy量子统计quantum statistics量子效率quantum yield临界参数critical parameter临界常数critical constant临界点critical point临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration临界摩尔体积critical molar volume临界温度critical temperature临界压力critical pressure临界状态critical state零级反应zero order reaction流动电势streaming potential流动功flow work笼罩效应cage effect路易斯-兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity 露点dew point露点线dew point line麦克斯韦关系式Maxwell relations麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwell distribution of speeds麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdistribution of energy毛细管凝结condensation in capillary毛细现象capillary phenomena米凯利斯常数Michaelis constant摩尔电导率molar conductivity摩尔反应焓molar reaction enthalpy摩尔混合熵mole entropy of mixing摩尔气体常数molar gas constant摩尔热容molar heat capacity摩尔溶解焓mole dissolution enthalpy摩尔稀释焓mole dilution enthalpy内扩散控制internal diffusions control内能internal energy内压力internal pressure能级energy levels能级分布energy level distribution能量均分原理principle of the equipartition of energy能斯特方程Nernst equation能斯特热定理Nernst heat theorem凝固点freezing point凝固点降低lowering of freezing point凝固点曲线freezing point curve凝胶gelatin凝聚态condensed state凝聚相condensed phase浓差超电势concentration over-potential浓差极化concentration polarization浓差电池concentration cells帕斯卡pascal泡点bubble point泡点线bubble point line配分函数partition function配分函数的析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state碰撞截面collision cross section碰撞数the number of collisions偏摩尔量partial mole quantities平衡常数(理想气体反应)equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases平动配分函数partition function of translation平衡分布equilibrium distribution平衡态equilibrium state平衡态近似法equilibrium state approximation平衡状态图equilibrium state diagram平均活度mean activity平均活度系统mean activity coefficient平均摩尔热容mean molar heat capacity平均质量摩尔浓度mean mass molarity平均自由程mean free path平行反应parallel reactions破乳demulsification铺展spreading普遍化范德华方程universal van der Waals equation其它功the other work气化热heat of vaporization气溶胶aerosol气体常数gas constant气体分子运动论kinetic theory of gases气体分子运动论的基本方程foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases 气溶胶aerosol气相线vapor line迁移数transport number潜热latent heat强度量intensive quantity强度性质intensive property亲液溶胶hydrophilic sol氢电极hydrogen electrodes区域熔化zone melting热heat热爆炸heat explosion热泵heat pump热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat热函heat content热化学thermochemistry热化学方程thermochemical equation热机heat engine热机效率efficiency of heat engine热力学thermodynamics热力学第二定律the second law of thermodynamics热力学第三定律the third law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律the first law of thermodynamics热力学基本方程fundamental equation of thermodynamics 热力学几率thermodynamic probability热力学能thermodynamic energy热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function 热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature热力学温度thermodynamic temperature热熵thermal entropy热效应heat effect熔点曲线melting point curve熔化热heat of fusion溶胶colloidal sol溶解焓dissolution enthalpy溶液solution溶胀swelling乳化剂emulsifier乳状液emulsion润湿wetting润湿角wetting angle萨克尔-泰特洛德方程Sackur-Tetrode equation三相点triple point三相平衡线triple-phase line熵entropy熵判据entropy criterion熵增原理principle of entropy increase渗透压osmotic pressure渗析法dialytic process生成反应formation reaction升华热heat of sublimation实际气体real gas舒尔采-哈迪规则Schulze-Hardy rule松驰力relaxation force松驰时间time of relaxation速度常数reaction rate constant速率方程rate equations速率控制步骤rate determining step塔费尔公式Tafel equation态-态反应state-state reactions唐南平衡Donnan equilibrium淌度mobility特鲁顿规则Trouton rule特性粘度intrinsic viscosity体积功volume work统计权重statistical weight统计热力学statistic thermodynamics统计熵statistic entropy途径path途径函数path function外扩散控制external diffusion control完美晶体perfect crystalline完全气体perfect gas微观状态microstate微态microstate韦斯顿标准电池Weston standard battery维恩效应Wien effect维里方程virial equation维里系数virial coefficient稳流过程steady flow process稳态近似法stationary state approximation无热溶液athermal solution无限稀溶液solutions in the limit of extreme dilution 物理化学Physical Chemistry物理吸附physisorptions吸附adsorption吸附等量线adsorption isostere吸附等温线adsorption isotherm吸附等压线adsorption isobar吸附剂adsorbent吸附量extent of adsorption吸附热heat of adsorption吸附质adsorbate析出电势evolution or deposition potential析因子性质property that partition function to be expressedas a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state 稀溶液的依数性colligative properties of dilute solutions稀释焓dilution enthalpy系统system系统点system point系统的环境environment of system相phase相变phase change相变焓enthalpy of phase change相变化phase change相变热heat of phase change相点phase point相对挥发度relative volatility相对粘度relative viscosity相律phase rule相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium相图phase diagram相倚子系统system of dependent particles悬浮液suspension循环过程cyclic process压力商pressure quotient压缩因子compressibility factor压缩因子图diagram of compressibility factor亚稳状态metastable state盐桥salt bridge盐析salting out阳极anode杨氏方程Young's equation液体接界电势liquid junction potential液相线liquid phase lines一级反应first order reaction一级相变first order phase change依时计量学反应time dependent stoichiometric reactions 逸度fugacity逸度系数coefficient of fugacity阴极cathode荧光fluorescence永动机perpetual motion machine永久气体Permanent gas有效能available energy原电池primary cell原盐效应salt effect增比粘度specific viscosity憎液溶胶lyophobic sol沾湿adhesional wetting沾湿功the work of adhesional wetting折射率index of refraction真溶液true solution真实电解质real electrolyte真实气体real gas真实迁移数true transference number振动配分函数partition function of vibration振动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration蒸气压下降depression of vapor pressure正常沸点normal point正吸附positive adsorption支链反应branched chain reactions直链反应straight chain reactions指前因子pre-exponential factor质量作用定律mass action law制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration中和热heat of neutralization轴功shaft work转动配分函数partition function of rotation转动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration转化率convert ratio转化温度conversion temperature状态state状态方程state equation状态分布state distribution状态函数state function准静态过程quasi-static process准一级反应pseudo first order reaction自动催化作用auto-catalysis自由度degree of freedom自由度数number of degree of freedom自由焓free enthalpy自由能free energy自由膨胀free expansion组分数component number最低恒沸点lower azeotropic point最高恒沸点upper azeotropic point最佳反应温度optimal reaction temperature 最可几分布most probable distribution最可几速率most propable speed。
【VIP专享】Antoine方程_安托因方程
不同物质的蒸气压(摘自)在表10中给出了采用Antoine公式计算不同物质在不同温度下蒸气压的常数A、B、C。
其公式如下lgP=A-B/(t+C) (7-10)式中:P—物质的蒸气压,毫米汞柱;t—温度,℃公式(7—10)适用于大多数化合物;而对于另外一些只需常数B与C值的物质,则可采用(7—11)公式进行计算lgP=-52.23B/T+C (7-11)式中:P—物质的蒸气压,毫米汞柱;T—绝对温度,(t℃+273.1).表10 不同物质的蒸气压名称分子式范围(℃) A B C银 Ag 1650~1950 公式(7-11) 250 8.76氯化银 AgCl 1255~1442 公式(7-11) 185.5 8.179三氯化铝 AlCl3 70~190 公式(7-11) 115 16.24氧化铝 Al2O3 1840~2200 公式(7-11) 540 14.22砷 As 440~815 公式(7-11) 133 10.800砷 As 800~860 公式(7-11) 47.1 6.692三氧化二砷 As2O3 100~310 公式(7-11) 111.35 12.127三氧化二砷 As2O3 315~490 公式(7-11) 52.12 6.513氩 Ar -207.62~-189.19 公式(7-11) 7.8145 7.5741金 Au 2315~2500 公式(7-11) 385 9.853三氯化硼 BCl3 …… 6.18811 756.89 214.0钡 Ba 930~1130 公式(7-11) 350 15.765铋 Bi 1210~1420 公式(7-11) 200 8.876溴 Br2 …… 6.83298 113.0 228.0碳 C 3880~4430 公式(7-11) 540 9.596二氧化碳 CO2 …… 9.64177 1284.07 268.432二硫化碳 CS2 -10~+160 6.85145 1122.50 236.46一氧化碳 CO -210~-160 6.24020 230.274 260.0四氯化碳 CCl4 …… 6.93390 1242.43 230.0钙 Ca 500~700 公式(7-11) 195 9.697钙 960~1100 公式(7-11) 370 16.240镉 Cd 150~320.9 公式(7-11) 109 8.564镉 500~840 公式(7-11) 99.9 7.897氯 Cl2 …… 6.86773 821.107 240二氧化氯 ClO2 -59~+11 公式(7-11) 27.26 7.893钴 Co 2374 公式(7-11) 309 7.571铯 Cs 200~230 公式(7-11) 73.4 6.949铜 Cu 2100~2310 公式(7-11) 468 12.344氯化亚铜 Cu2Cl2 878~1369 公式(7-11) 80.70 5.454铁 Fe 2220~2450 公式(7-11) 309 7.482氯化亚铁 FeCl2 700~930 公式(7-11) 135.2 8.33氢 H2 -259.2~-248 5.92088 71.615 276.337氟化氢 HF -55~+105 8.38036 1952.55 335.52氯化氢 HCl -127~-60 7.06145 710.584 255.0溴化氢 HBr -120~-87① 8.4622 1112.4 270溴化氢 -120~-60 6.88059 732.68 250碘化氢 HI -97~-51 公式(7-11) 24.16 8.259碘化氢 -50~-34 公式(7-11) 21.58 7.630氰化氢 HCN -85~-40 7.80196 1425.0 265.0氰化氢 -40~+70 7.29761 1206.79 247.532过氧化氢 H2O2 10~90 公式(7-11) 48.53 8.853水② H2O 0~60 8.10765 1750.286 235.0水③ 60~150 7.96681 1668.21 228.0硒化氢 H2Se 66~-26 公式(7-11) 20.21 7.431硫化氢 H2S -110~83 公式(7-11) 20.69 7.880碲化氢 H2Te -46~0 公式(7-11) 22.76 7.260氦 He …… 16.1313 282.126 290汞 Hg 100~200 7.46905 1771.898 244.831汞 200~300 7.7324 3003.68 262.482汞 300~400 7.69059 2958.841 258.460汞 400~800 7.7531 3068.195 273.438氯化汞 HgCl2 60~130 公式(7-11) 85.03 10.888氯化汞 130~270 公式(7-11) 78.85 10.094氯化汞 HgCl2 275~309 公式(7-11) 61.02 8.409氯化亚汞 Hg2Cl2 … 8.52151 3110.96 168.0碘 I2 … 7.26304 1697.87 204.0钾 K 260~760 公式(7-11) 84.9 7.183氟化钾 KF 1278~1500 公式(7-11) 207.5 9.000氯化钾 KCl 690~1105 公式(7-11) 174.5 8.3526氯化钾 1116~1418 公式(7-11) 169.7 8.130溴化钾 KBr 906~1063 公式(7-11) 168.1 8.2470溴化钾 1095~1375 公式(7-11) 163.8 7.936碘化钾 KI 843~1028 公式(7-11) 157.6 8.0957碘化钾 1063~1333 公式(7-11) 155.7 7.949氢氧化钾 KOH 1170~1327 公式(7-11) 136 7.330氪 Kr -188.7~-169 公式(7-11) 10.065 7.1770氟化锂 LiF 1398~1666 公式(7-11) 218.4 8.753镁 Mg 900~1070 公式(7-11) 260 12.993锰 Mn 1510~1900 公式(7-11) 267 9.300钼 Mo 1800~2240 公式(7-11) 680 10.844氮 N2 -210~-180 6.86606 308.365 273.2一氧化氮 NO -200~161 公式(7-11) 16.423 10.084一氧化氮 -163.7~148 公式(7-11) 13.04 8.440三氧化二氮 N2O3 -25~0 公式(7-11) 39.4 10.30四氧化二氮 N2O4 -100~-40 公式(7-11) 55.16 13.40四氧化二氮 -40~-10 公式(7-11) 45.44 11.214五氧化二氮 N2O5 -30~+30 公式(7-11) 57.18 12.647氯化亚硝酰 NOCl -61.5~-5.4 公式(7-11) 25.5 7.870肼 N2H4 -10~+39 8.26230 1881.6 238.0肼 39~250 7.77306 1620.0 218.0钠 Na 180~883 公式(7-11) 103.3 7.553氯化钠 NaF 1562~1701 公式(7-11) 218.2 8.640氯化钠 NaCl 976~1155 公式(7-11) 180.3 8.3297氯化钠 1562~1430 公式(7-11) 185.8 8.548溴化钠 NaBr 1138~1394 公式(7-11) 161.6 4.948碘化钠 NaI 1063~1307 公式(7-11) 165.1 8.371氰化钠 NaCN 800~1360 公式(7-11) 155.52 7.472氢氧化钠 NaOH 1010~1402 公式(7-11) 132 7.030氖 Ne …… 7.57352 183.34 285.0镍 Ni 2360 公式(7-11) 309 7.600四羰基镍 Ni(CO) 4 2~40 公式(7-11) 29.8 7.780氧 O2 -210~-160 6.98983 370.757 273.2臭氧 O3 …… 6.72602 566.95 260.0磷(白磷) P 20~44.1 公式(7-11) 63.123 9.6511磷(紫磷) P 380~590 公式(7-11) 108.51 11.0842磷化氢 PH3 …… 6.70101 643.72 256.0铅 Pb 525~1325 公式(7-11) 188.5 7.827氯化铅 PbCl2 500~950 公式(7-11) 141.9 8.961铂 Pt 1425~1765 公式(7-11) 486 7.786铷 Rb 250~370 公式(7-11) 76 6.976氡 Rn …… 6.6964 717.986 250硫 S …… 6.69535 2285.37 155.0二氧化硫 SO2 …… 7.32776 1022.80 240.0三氧化硫 SO3 24~48 公式(7-11) 43.45 10.022锑 Sb 1070~1325 公式(7-11) 189 9.051三氯化锑 SbCl3 170~253 公式(7-11) 49.44 8.090硒 Se …… 6.96158 3256.55 110.0二氧化硒 SeO2 …… 6.57781 1879.81 179.0硅 Si 1200~1320 公式(7-11) 170 5.950四氯化硅 SiCl4 -70~+5 公式(7-11) 30.1 7.644甲硅烷 SiH4 -160~112 公式(7-11) 12.69 6.996二氧化硅 SiO2 1860~2230 公式(7-11) 506 13.43锡 Sn 1950~2270 公式(7-11) 328 9.643四氯化锡 SnCl4 -52~-38 公式(7-11) 46.74 9.824锶 Sr 940~1140 公式(7-11) 360 16.056铊 Tl 950~1200 公式(7-11) 120 6.140钨 W 2230~2770 公式(7-11) 897 9.920氙 Ke …… 6.6788 573.480 260锌 Zn 250~419.4 公式(7-11) 133 9.200甲烷 XH4 固体③ 7.69540 532.20 275.00甲烷液体 6.61184 339.93 266.00氯甲烷 CH3Cl -47~-10 公式(7-11) 21.988 7.481三氯甲烷 CHCl3 -30~+150 6.90328 1163.03 227.4二苯基甲烷 C13H12 217~283 公式(7-11) 52.36 7.967氯溴甲烷 CH2ClBr -10~+155 6.92776 1165.59 220.0硝基甲烷 CH3O2N 47~100 公式(7-11) 39.914 8.033乙烷 C2HS …… 6.80266 656.40 256.00氯乙烷 C2H5Cl 65~+70 6.80270 949.62 230溴乙烷 C2H5Br -50~+130 6.89285 1083.8 231.7均二氯乙烷 C2H4Cl2 …… 7.18431 1358.46 232.2均二溴乙烷 C2H4Br2 …… 7.06245 1469.70 220.1环氧乙烷 C2H4O -70~+100 7.40783 1181.31 250.60偏二氯乙烷 C2H2Cl2 0~30 公式(7-11) 31.706 7.9091,1,2一三氯乙烷 C2H3Cl3 …… 6.85189 1262.57 205.17丙烷 C3H8 …… 6.82973 813.20 248.00正氯丙烷 C3H7Cl 0~50 公式(7-11) 28.894 7.593环氧丙烷(1,2) C3H6O -35~+130 7.06492 1113.6 232正丁烷 C4H10 …… 6.83029 945.90 240.00异丁烷 C4H10 …… 6.74808 882.80 240.00正戊烷 C5H12 …… 6.85221 1064.63 232.000异戊烷 C5H12 …… 6.78967 1020.012 233.097环戊烷 C5H10 …… 6.88676 1124.162 231.361正己烷 C6H14 …… 6.87776 1171.530 224.366环已烷④ C6H12 -50~200 6.84498 1203.526 222.863正庚烷 C7H16 …… 6.90240 1268.115 216.900正辛烷 C8H18 -20~+40 7.37200 1587.81 230.07正辛烷 20~200 6.92374 1355.126 209.517异辛烷(2-甲基庚烷) C8H18 …… 6.91735 1337.468 213.963正壬烷 C9H20 -10~+60 7.26430 1607.12 217.54正壬烷 60~230 6.93513 1428.811 201.619正癸烷 C10H22 10~80 7.31509 1705.60 212.59正癸烷 70~260 6.95367 1501.268 194.480正十一烷 C11H24 15~100 7.3685 1803.90 208.32正十一烷 100~310 6.97674 1566.65 187.48正十二烷 C12H26 5~120 7.35518 1867.55 202.59正十二烷 115~320 6.98059 1625.928 180.311正十三烷 C13H28 15~132 7.5360 2016.19 203.02正十三烷 132~330 6.9887 1677.43 172.90正十四烷 C14H30 15~145 7.6133 2133.75 200.8正十四烷 145~340 6.9957 1725.46 165.75正十五烷 C15H32 15~160 7.6991 2242.42 198.72正十五烷 160~350 7.0017 1768.42 158.49正十六烷 C16H34 …… 7.03044 1831.317 154.528正十七烷 C17H36 20~190 7.8369 2440.20 194.59正十七烷 190~320 7.0115 1847.12 145.52正十八烷 C18H38 20~200 7.9117 2542.00 193.4正十八烷 200~350 7.0156 1883.73 139.46正十九烷 C19H40 20~40 8.7262 3041.10 207.30正十九烷 160~410 7.0192 1916.96 131.66正二十烷 C20H42 25~223 8.7603 3113.0 204.07正二十烷 223~420 7.0225 1948.7 127.8乙烯 C2H4 …… 6.74756 585.00 255.00氯乙烯 C2H3 Cl -11~+50 6.49712 783.4 230.01,1,2一三氯乙烯 C2HCl3 …… 7.02808 1315.04 230.0苯乙烯 C8H8 …… 6.92409 1420.0 206丙烯 C3H6 …… 6.81960 785.0 247.00丁稀-1 C4H8 …… 6.84290 926.10 240.00顺-2-丁烯 C4H8 …… 6.86926 960.100 237.00反-2-丁稀 C4H8 …… 6.86952 960.80 240.002-甲基丙烯-1 C4H8 …… 6.84134 923.200 240.001,2一丁二烯 C4H6 -60~+80 7.1619 1121.0 251.001,3一丁二烯 C4H6 -80~+65 6.85941 935.531 239.5542-甲基丁二稀-1,3 C5H8 -50~+95 6.90334 1080.966 234.668乙炔 C2H2 -140~-82 公式(7-11) 21.914 8.933甲醇 CH4O -20~+140 7.87863 1473.11 230.0苯甲醇 C7H8O 20~113 7.81844 1950.3 194.36苯甲醇 113~300 6.95916 1461.64 153.0乙醇 C2H6O …… 8.04494 1554.3 222.65正丙醇 C3H8O …… 7.99733 1569.70 209.5异丙醇 C3H8O 0~113 6.66040 813.055 132.93正丁醇 C4H10 75~117.5 公式(7-11) 46.774 9.1362特丁醇 C4H10 …… 8.13596 1582.4 218.9乙二醇 C2H6O2 25~112 8.2621 2197.0 212.0乙二醇 112~340 7.8808 1957.0 193.8乙醛 C2H4 O -75~-45 7.3839 1216.8 250乙醛 -45~+70 6.81089 992.0 230丙酮 C3H6O …… 7.02447 1161.0 224二乙基酮 C5H10O …… 6.85791 1216.3 204甲乙酮 C4H3O …… 6.97421 1209.6 216甲酸 CH2O2 …… 6.94459 1295.26 218.0苯甲酸 C7H6O2 60~110 公式(7-11) 63.82 9.033乙酸 C2H4O2 0~36 7.80307 1651.2 225乙酸 36~170 7.18807 1416.7 211丙酸 C3H6O2 0~60 7.71553 1690 210丙酸 60~185 7.35027 1497.775 194.12正丁酸 C4H8O2 0~82 7.85941 1800.7 200正丁酸 82~210 7.38423 1542.6 179月硅酸 C12H24O2 164~205 公式(7-11) 74.386 9.768十四烷酸 C14H28O2 190~224 公式(7-11) 75.783 9.541乙酐 C4H6O3 100~140 公式(7-11) 45.585 8.688顺丁烯二酸酐 C4H2O3 60~160 公式(7-11) 46.34 7.825邻苯二甲酸酐 C3H4O3 160~285 公式(7-11) 54.92 8.022酷酸乙醋 C4H8 O2 -20~+150 7.09808 1238.71 217.0甲酸乙酯 C3H6O2 -30~+235 7.11700 1176.6 223.4醋酸甲酯 C3H6O2 …… 7.20211 1232.83 228.0苯甲酸甲酯 C8H8O2 25~100 7.4312 1871.5 213.9苯甲酸甲酯 100~260 7.07832 1656.25 95.23甲酸甲酯 C2H4O2 …… 7.13623 1111.0 229.2水杨酸甲酯 C8H8O3 175~215 公式(7-11) 48.67 8.008氨基甲酸乙酯 C3H7O2N …… 7.42164 1758.21 205.0甲醚 C2H6O …… 6.73669 791.184 230.0苯甲醚 C7H8O …… 6.98926 1453.6 200二苯醚 C12H10O 25~147⑤ 7.4531 2115.2 206.8二苯醚 147~325 7.09894 1871.92 185.84甲乙醚 C3H8O 0~25 公式(7-11) 26.262 7.769乙醚 C4H10O …… 6.78574 994.195 210.2甲胺 CH5N -93~-45 6.91831 883.054 223.122甲胺 -45~+50 6.91205 838.116 224.267二甲胺 C2H7N -80~-30 7.42061 1085.7 233.0二甲胺 -30~+65 7.18553 1008.4 227.353三甲胺 C3H9N -90~-40 7.01174 1014.2 243.1三甲胺 -60~+850 6.81628 937.49 235.35乙胺 C2H7N -70~-20 7.09137 1019.7 225.0乙胺 -20~+90 7.05413 987.31 220.0二乙胺 C4H11N -30~+100 6.83188 1057.2 212.0三乙胺 C6H15N 0~130 6.8264 1161.4 205.0苯胺 C6H7N …… 7.24179 1675.3 200二甲替甲酰胺 C3H7ON 15~60 7.3438 1624.7 216.2二甲替酰胺 60~350 6.99608 1437.84 199.83二苯胺 C12H11N 278~284 公式(7-11) 57.35 8.008间硝基苯胺 C6H6O2N2 190~260 公式(7-11) 77.345 9.5595邻硝基苯胺 C6H5O2N2 150~260 公式(7-11) 63.881 8.8684对硝基苯胺 C6H6O2N2 190~260 公式(7-11) 77.345 9.5595苯酚 C6H6O …… 7.13617 1518.1 175.0邻甲酚 C7H8O …… 6.97943 1479.4 170.0间甲酚 C7H8O …… 7.62336 1907.24 201.0对甲酚 C7H8O …… 7.00592 1493.0 160.0α-萘酚 C10H8O …… 7.28421 2077.56 184.0β-萘酚 C10H8O …… 7.34714 2135.00 183.0苯⑥ C6H6 …… 6.90565 1211.033 220.790氯苯 C6H5Cl 0~42 7.10690 1500.0 224.0氯苯 42~230 6.94594 1413.12 216.0邻二氯苯 C6H4Cl2 …… 6.92400 1538.3 200乙苯 C8H10 …… 6.95719 1424.255 213.206氟苯 C6H5F -40~+180 6.93667 1736.35 220.0硝基苯 C6H6O2N 112~209 公式(7-11) 48.955 8.192甲苯 C7H8 …… 6.95464 1341.800 219.482邻硝基甲苯 C7H7O2N 50~225 公式(7-11) 48.114 7.9728间硝基甲苯 C7H7O2N 55~235 公式(7-11) 50.128 8.0655对硝基甲苯 C7H7O2N 80~240 公式(7-11) 49.95 7.9815三硝基甲苯 C7H5O6N3 …… 3.8673 1259.406 160邻二甲苯 C8H10 …… 6.99891 1474.679 213.686间二甲苯 C8H10 7.00908 1462.266 215.105对二甲苯 C8H10 6.99052 1453.430 215.307乙酰苯 C8H8O 30~100 公式(7-11) 55.117 9.1352乙腈 C2H3N …… 7.11988 1314.4 230丙烯腈 C3H3N -20~+140 7.03855 1232.53 222.47氰 C2N2 -72~-28 公式(7-11) 32.437 9.6539氰 C2N2 -36~-6 公式(7-11) 23.75 7.808萘 C10H8 …… 6.84577 1606.529 187.227α-甲基綦 C11H10 …… 7.06899 1852.674 197.716β-甲基萘 C11H10 …… 7.06850 1840.268 198.395蓖 C14H10 100~160 公式(7-11) 72 8.91蓖 223~342 公式(7-11) 59.219 7.910蓖醌 C14H3O2 224~286 公式(7-11) 110.05 12.305蓖醌 285~370 公式(7-11) 63.985 8.002樟脑 C10H16O 0~18 公式(7-11) 53.559 8.799咔唑 C12H9N 244~352 公式(7-11) 64.715 8.280芴 C13H10 161~300 公式(7-11) 56.615 8.059呋喃 C4H4O -35~+90 6.97533 1010.851 227.740吗啉 C4H9ON 0~44 7.71813 1745.8 235.0吗啉 44~170 7.16030 1447.70 210.0菲 C14H10 203~347 公式(7-11) 57.247 7.771喹啉 C9H7N 180~240 公式(7-11) 49.72 7.969噻吩 C4H4S -10~180 6.95926 1246.038 221.354草酸 C2H2O4 55~105 公式(7-11) 90.5026 12.2229光气 COCl2 -68~+68 6.84297 941.25 230氨⑥ NH3 -83~+60 7.55466 1002.711 247.885氯化铵 NH4Cl 100~400 公式(7-11) 83.486 10.0164氰化铵 NH4CN 7~17 公式(7-11) 41.481 9.978①固体②见第六章③三相点:-182.48℃,87.7毫米汞柱.④三相点6.67℃,39.96毫米汞柱.⑤过冷的.⑥三相点:5.525℃,35.856毫米汞柱.。
饱和蒸汽压怎么算 -回复
饱和蒸汽压是指在一定温度下,液体与其蒸汽之间达到平衡时的压力值。
计算饱和蒸汽压可以使用饱和蒸汽压-温度关系的实验数据或者利用已知的物质属性计算。
一种常用的方法是使用饱和蒸汽压-温度关系图表或表格,根据给定温度查找相应的饱和蒸汽压值。
这些表格或图表一般可以从热力学手册、物性手册或相关工程参考书籍中获取。
另一种方法是使用公式或方程计算饱和蒸汽压。
常用的公式是安托万方程(Antoine Equation)和克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程(Clausius-Clapeyron Equation),它们基于物质的性质参数,如常数和温度。
这些方程可以用于计算给定温度下的饱和蒸汽压。
克劳修斯克拉佩龙方程和安托因方程
克劳修斯克拉佩龙方程和安托因方程
克劳修斯克拉佩龙方程(Klebsch–Gordan equation)描述类氢
原子(即只有一个电子)的成键,它是量子力学中的一个重要的定理。
该方程式解决的问题是如何用总角动量和轨道角动量来描述氢原子中
电子的角动量。
安托因方程(Antoine equation)是用于描述化学物质的蒸气压
与温度之间的关系的公式。
该方程式的形式为ln(P)=A - (B/(T+C)),其中P是化学物质的蒸气压,T是温度(以K为单位),A、B和C是
与化学物质相关的常数。
安托因方程通常用于工业或实验室环境下的
热力学计算。
安托尼方程公式
安托尼方程公式安托尼方程公式是数学家安东尼拉斐尔埃克尔安托尼(AntonioRafaelEuler)在18世纪发明的一个重要公式。
自从发现以来,安托尼方程公式一直是数学精确研究,有机化学,物理学,量子力学,机械工程等领域的重要工具。
这个数学公式的简洁性,它的用处和在解决各种问题的实用性都使它成为了一个广受欢迎的宝贵宝藏。
安托尼方程公式的基本原理是:给定一个动力系统,其中包含可以对这个系统进行控制的参数,可以用安托尼方程公式来估计这个系统可能出现的结果,比如它是否会运行稳定,它的性能如何,它可能会遇到什么问题等。
这种方法可以极大地提高系统的可靠性和稳定性,使更多的非线性问题得到可靠的解决。
安托尼方程公式的本质是一个复杂的数学模型,它可以用来估计可能由于特定参数的变化而产生的结果。
它的应用范围非常广泛,可以用来分析天文现象,经济学现象,物理现象,化学现象,生物学现象等等。
在物理学方面,安托尼方程公式可以应用于分子动力学,地球物理学,热力学,弹性力学,流体力学等。
它可以用来解释许多复杂现象,比如液体的流动,固体的弹性,空气动力学等。
安托尼方程公式也有一些应用于计算机领域,它可以加快计算机软件的开发速度,以便更快地实现特定功能。
它可以帮助计算机程序员更好地理解计算机的内部工作原理,可以为计算机程序提供更多的准确性。
安托尼方程公式可以被用来解决诸如气候变化,风格交易,预测经济活动,飞行控制,航天飞行,生物工程,医学建模等诸多领域的复杂问题。
它有助于现代科学,工程等领域取得进步。
安托尼方程公式的普及使得有机化学,物理学,量子力学,机械工程,电力学等领域的研究取得了显著的进步。
因此,安托尼方程公式是至今为止最重要的数学式之一,它可以用来精确地描述复杂的物理现象。
它的发现和广泛的应用对当代科学技术的发展起到了重要作用,它使科学界得以取得新的进展。
理科的专业英语名词
physics 物理BET公式BET formulaDLVO理论DLVO theoryHLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodpVT性质pVT propertyζ电势zeta potential阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro’number阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy阿马格定律Amagat law艾林方程Erying equation爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence爱因斯坦-斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation安托万常数Antoine constant安托万方程Antoine equation盎萨格电导理论Onsager’s theory of conductance半电池half cell半衰期half time period饱和液体saturated liquids饱和蒸气saturated vapor饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure爆炸界限explosion limits比表面功specific surface work比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function比浓粘度reduced viscosity标准电动势standard electromotive force标准电极电势standard electrode potential标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode标准态standard state标准熵standard entropy标准压力standard pressure标准状况standard condition表观活化能apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight表观迁移数apparent transference number表面surfaces表面过程控制surface process control表面活性剂surfactants表面吸附量surface excess表面张力surface tension表面质量作用定律surface mass action law波义尔定律Boyle law波义尔温度Boyle temperature波义尔点Boyle point玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann formula玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem玻色-爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics泊Poise不可逆过程irreversible process不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes 不可逆相变化irreversible phase change布朗运动brownian movement查理定律Charle’s law产率yield敞开系统open system超电势over potential沉降sedimentation沉降电势sedimentation potential沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium触变thixotropy粗分散系统thick disperse system催化剂catalyst单分子层吸附理论mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应unimolecular reaction单链反应straight chain reactions弹式量热计bomb calorimeter道尔顿定律Dalton law道尔顿分压定律Dalton partial pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式Debye cubic formula德拜-休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel’s limiting equation等焓过程isenthalpic process等焓线isenthalpic line等几率定理theorem of equal probability等温等容位Helmholtz free energy等温等压位Gibbs free energy等温方程equation at constant temperature低共熔点eutectic point低共熔混合物eutectic mixture低会溶点lower consolute point低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second kind第三定律熵third-law entropy第一类永动机perpetual machine of the first kind缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorption电池常数cell constant电池电动势electromotive force of cells电池反应cell reaction电导conductance电导率conductivity电动势的温度系数temperature coefficient of electromotive force 电动电势zeta potential电功electric work电化学electrochemistry电化学极化electrochemical polarization电极电势electrode potential电极反应reactions on the electrode电极种类type of electrodes电解池electrolytic cell电量计coulometer电流效率current efficiency电迁移electro migration电迁移率electromobility电渗electroosmosis电渗析electrodialysis电泳electrophoresis丁达尔效应Dyndall effect定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant volume定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure定压温度计constant pressure thermometer定域子系统localized particle system动力学方程kinetic equations动力学控制kinetics control独立子系统independent particle system对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume对比体积reduced volume对比温度reduced temperature对比压力reduced pressure对称数symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions对应状态原理principle of corresponding state多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 二级反应second order reaction二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数faraday constant法拉第定律Faraday’s law反电动势back E.M.F.反渗透reverse osmosis反应分子数molecularity反应级数reaction orders反应进度extent of reaction反应热heat of reaction反应速率rate of reaction反应速率常数constant of reaction rate范德华常数van der Waals constant范德华方程van der Waals equation范德华力van der Waals force范德华气体van der Waals gases范特霍夫方程van’t Hoff equation范特霍夫规则van’t Hoff rule范特霍夫渗透压公式van’t Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 非基元反应non-elementary reactions非体积功non-volume work非依时计量学反应time independent stoichiometric reactions 菲克扩散第一定律Fick’s first law of diffusion沸点boiling point沸点升高elevation of boiling point费米-狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics分布distribution分布数distribution numbers分解电压decomposition voltage分配定律distribution law分散系统disperse system分散相dispersion phase分体积partial volume分体积定律partial volume law分压partial pressure分压定律partial pressure law分子反应力学mechanics of molecular reactions分子间力intermolecular force分子蒸馏molecular distillation封闭系统closed system附加压力excess pressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 负极negative pole负吸附negative adsorption复合反应composite reaction盖·吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac law盖斯定律Hess law甘汞电极calomel electrode感胶离子序lyotropic series杠杆规则lever rule高分子溶液macromolecular solution高会溶点upper consolute point隔离法the isolation method格罗塞斯-德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoer’s law隔离系统isolated system根均方速率root-mean-square speed功work功函work content共轭溶液conjugate solution共沸温度azeotropic temperature构型熵configurational entropy孤立系统isolated system固溶胶solid sol固态混合物solid solution固相线solid phase line光反应photoreaction光化学第二定律the second law of actinochemistry光化学第一定律the first law of actinochemistry光敏反应photosensitized reactions光谱熵spectrum entropy广度性质extensive property广延量extensive quantity广延性质extensive property规定熵stipulated entropy过饱和溶液oversaturated solution过饱和蒸气oversaturated vapor过程process过渡状态理论transition state theory过冷水super-cooled water过冷液体overcooled liquid过热液体overheated liquid亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtz function亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtz free energy亥氏函数Helmholtz function焓enthalpy亨利常数Henry constant亨利定律Henry law恒沸混合物constant boiling mixture恒容摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热heat at constant volume恒外压constant external pressure恒压摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热heat at constant pressure化学动力学chemical kinetics化学反应计量式stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction 化学反应进度extent of chemical reaction化学亲合势chemical affinity化学热力学chemical thermodynamics化学势chemical potential化学势判据chemical potential criterion化学吸附chemisorptions环境environment环境熵变entropy change in environment挥发度volatility混合熵entropy of mixing混合物mixture活度activity活化控制activation control活化络合物理论activated complex theory活化能activation energy霍根-华森图Hougen-Watson Chart基态能级energy level at ground state基希霍夫公式Kirchhoff formula基元反应elementary reactions积分溶解热integration heat of dissolution吉布斯-杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhem equation吉布斯-亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotz equation 吉布斯函数Gibbs function吉布斯函数判据Gibbs function criterion吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy吉氏函数Gibbs function极化电极电势polarization potential of electrode 极化曲线polarization curves极化作用polarization极限摩尔电导率limiting molar conductivity几率因子steric factor计量式stoichiometric equation计量系数stoichiometric coefficient价数规则rule of valence简并度degeneracy键焓bond enthalpy胶冻broth jelly胶核colloidal nucleus胶凝作用demulsification胶束micelle胶体colloid胶体分散系统dispersion system of colloid胶体化学collochemistry胶体粒子colloidal particles胶团micelle焦耳Joule焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomson experiment焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomson coefficient焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomson effect焦耳定律Joule`s law接触电势contact potential接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process节流膨胀throttling expansion节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion 结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption界面interfaces界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify聚(合)电解质polyelectrolyte聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index卡诺定理Carnot theorem卡诺循环Carnot cycle开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫-吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process可逆过程方程reversible process equation可逆体积功reversible volume work可逆相变reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律Raoult law兰格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式Rayleigh equation冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系统non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子强度ionic strength理想混合物perfect mixture理想气体ideal gas接触电势contact potential接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process节流膨胀throttling expansion节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption界面interfaces界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify聚(合)电解质polyelectrolyte聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index卡诺定理Carnot theorem卡诺循环Carnot cycle开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫-吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process可逆过程方程reversible process equation可逆体积功reversible volume work可逆相变reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律Raoult law兰格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式Rayleigh equation冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系统non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子强度ionic strength理想混合物perfect mixture理想气体ideal gas理想气体的绝热指数adiabatic index of ideal gases理想气体的微观模型micro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions 理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases理想气体状态方程state equation of ideal gas理想稀溶液ideal dilute solution理想液态混合物perfect liquid mixture粒子particles粒子的配分函数partition function of particles连串反应consecutive reactions链的传递物chain carrier链反应chain reactions量热熵calorimetric entropy量子统计quantum statistics量子效率quantum yield临界参数critical parameter临界常数critical constant临界点critical point临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration临界摩尔体积critical molar volume临界温度critical temperature临界压力critical pressure临界状态critical state零级反应zero order reaction流动电势streaming potential流动功flow work笼罩效应cage effect路易斯-兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity 露点dew point露点线dew point line麦克斯韦关系式Maxwell relations麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwell distribution of speeds麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdistribution of energy毛细管凝结condensation in capillary毛细现象capillary phenomena米凯利斯常数Michaelis constant摩尔电导率molar conductivity摩尔反应焓molar reaction enthalpy摩尔混合熵mole entropy of mixing摩尔气体常数molar gas constant摩尔热容molar heat capacity摩尔溶解焓mole dissolution enthalpy摩尔稀释焓mole dilution enthalpy内扩散控制internal diffusions control内能internal energy内压力internal pressure能级energy levels能级分布energy level distribution能量均分原理principle of the equipartition of energy能斯特方程Nernst equation能斯特热定理Nernst heat theorem凝固点freezing point凝固点降低lowering of freezing point凝固点曲线freezing point curve凝胶gelatin凝聚态condensed state凝聚相condensed phase浓差超电势concentration over-potential浓差极化concentration polarization浓差电池concentration cells帕斯卡pascal泡点bubble point泡点线bubble point line配分函数partition function配分函数的析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state碰撞截面collision cross section碰撞数the number of collisions偏摩尔量partial mole quantities平衡常数(理想气体反应)equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases 平动配分函数partition function of translation平衡分布equilibrium distribution平衡态equilibrium state平衡态近似法equilibrium state approximation平衡状态图equilibrium state diagram平均活度mean activity平均活度系统mean activity coefficient平均摩尔热容mean molar heat capacity平均质量摩尔浓度mean mass molarity平均自由程mean free path平行反应parallel reactions破乳demulsification铺展spreading普遍化范德华方程universal van der Waals equation其它功the other work气化热heat of vaporization气溶胶aerosol气体常数gas constant气体分子运动论kinetic theory of gases气体分子运动论的基本方程foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases 气溶胶aerosol气相线vapor line迁移数transport number潜热latent heat强度量intensive quantity强度性质intensive property亲液溶胶hydrophilic sol氢电极hydrogen electrodes区域熔化zone melting热heat热爆炸heat explosion热泵heat pump热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat热函heat content热化学thermochemistry热化学方程thermochemical equation热机heat engine热机效率efficiency of heat engine热力学thermodynamics热力学第二定律the second law of thermodynamics热力学第三定律the third law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律the first law of thermodynamics热力学基本方程fundamental equation of thermodynamics 热力学几率thermodynamic probability热力学能thermodynamic energy热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature热力学温度thermodynamic temperature热熵thermal entropy热效应heat effect熔点曲线melting point curve熔化热heat of fusion溶胶colloidal sol溶解焓dissolution enthalpy溶液solution溶胀swelling乳化剂emulsifier乳状液emulsion润湿wetting润湿角wetting angle萨克尔-泰特洛德方程Sackur-Tetrode equation三相点triple point三相平衡线triple-phase line熵entropy熵判据entropy criterion熵增原理principle of entropy increase渗透压osmotic pressure渗析法dialytic process生成反应formation reaction升华热heat of sublimation实际气体real gas舒尔采-哈迪规则Schulze-Hardy rule松驰力relaxation force松驰时间time of relaxation速度常数reaction rate constant速率方程rate equations速率控制步骤rate determining step塔费尔公式Tafel equation态-态反应state-state reactions唐南平衡Donnan equilibrium淌度mobility特鲁顿规则Trouton rule特性粘度intrinsic viscosity体积功volume work统计权重statistical weight统计热力学statistic thermodynamics统计熵statistic entropy途径path途径函数path function外扩散控制external diffusion control完美晶体perfect crystalline完全气体perfect gas微观状态microstate微态microstate韦斯顿标准电池Weston standard battery维恩效应Wien effect维里方程virial equation维里系数virial coefficient稳流过程steady flow process稳态近似法stationary state approximation无热溶液athermal solution无限稀溶液solutions in the limit of extreme dilution 物理化学Physical Chemistry物理吸附physisorptions吸附adsorption吸附等量线adsorption isostere吸附等温线adsorption isotherm吸附等压线adsorption isobar吸附剂adsorbent吸附量extent of adsorption吸附热heat of adsorption吸附质adsorbate析出电势evolution or deposition potential析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state稀溶液的依数性colligative properties of dilute solutions稀释焓dilution enthalpy系统system系统点system point系统的环境environment of system相phase相变phase change相变焓enthalpy of phase change相变化phase change相变热heat of phase change相点phase point相对挥发度relative volatility相对粘度relative viscosity相律phase rule相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium相图phase diagram相倚子系统system of dependent particles悬浮液suspension循环过程 cyclic。
化学常见术语英文说法
化学常见术语英文说法BET 公式BET formula DLVO 理论DLVO theory HLB 法hydrophile-lipophile balance method pVT 性质pVT propertyZ 电势zeta pote ntial阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro'number阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory 阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation 阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy 阿马格定律Amagat law 艾林方程Erying equation爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein 's law of photochemical equivalence 爱因斯坦-斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation安托万常数Antoine constant安托万方程Antoine equation盎萨格电导理论Onsager's theory of condu ctance半电池half cell半衰期half time period饱和液体saturated liquids饱和蒸气saturated vapor饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure爆炸界限explosion limits比表面功specific surface work比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function 比浓粘度reduced viscosity 标准电动势standard electromotive force 标准电极电势standard electrode potential 标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction 标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function 标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode标准态standard state 标准熵standard entropy 标准压力standard pressure 标准状况standard condition 表观活化能apparent activation energy 表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight 表观迁移数apparent transference number 表面surfaces表面过程控制surface process control表面活性剂surfactants 表面吸附量surface excess表面张力surface tension表面质量作用定律surface mass action law波义尔定律波义尔温度Boyle lawBoyle temperature波义尔点Boyle point玻尔兹曼常数玻尔兹曼分布玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann constant Boltzmann distribution Boltzmann formula玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem玻色-爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics 泊Poise不可逆过程irreversible process 不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes不可逆相变化irreversible phase change 布朗运动brownian movement 查理定律Charle ' s law 产率yield敞开系统open system 超电势over potential 沉降sedimentation沉降电势sedimentation potential 沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium 触变thixotropy粗分散系统thick disperse system催化剂catalyst单分子层吸附理论mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应unimolecular reaction单链反应straight chain reactions 弹式量热计bomb calorimeter 道尔顿定律Dalton law道尔顿分压定律Dalton partial pressure law 德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式Debye cubic formula 德拜-休克尔极限公式Debye- Huckel 's limiting equation 等焓过程isenthalpic process 等焓线isenthalpic line 等几率定理theorem of equal probability 等温等容位Helmholtz free energy 等温等压位Gibbs free energy 等温方程equation at constant temperature 低共熔点eutectic point 低共熔混合物eutectic mixture低会溶点lower consolute point 低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric 第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second kind第三定律熵third-law entropy 第一类永动机perpetual machine of the first kind缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorption电池常数cell constant 电池电动势electromotive force of cells 电池反应cell reaction 电导conductance 电导率conductivity 电动势的温度系数temperature coefficient of electromotive force电动电势zeta potential 电功electric work 电化学electrochemistry 电化学极化electrochemical polarization 电极电势electrode potential 电极反应reactions on the electrode 电极种类type of electrodes 电解池electrolytic cell 电量计coulometer 电流效率current efficiency 电迁移electro migration 电迁移率electromobility 电渗electroosmosis 电渗析electrodialysis 电泳electrophoresis 丁达尔效应Dyndall effect 定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant volume定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer 定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure定压温度计constant pressure thermometer定域子系统localized particle system动力学方程kinetic equations 动力学控制kinetics control 独立子系统independent particle system 对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume对比体积reduced volume 对比温度reduced temperature 对比压力reduced pressure 对称数symmetry number 对行反应reversible reactions 对应状态原理principle of corresponding state 多方过程polytropic process 多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 二级反应second order reaction 二级相变second order phase change 法拉第常数faraday constant 法拉第定律Faraday ' s law反电动势back E.M.F. 反渗透reverse osmosis 反应分子数molecularity 反应级数reaction orders 反应进度extent of reaction 反应热heat of reaction 反应速率rate of reaction 反应速率常数c onstant of reaction rate范德华常数van der Waals constant范德华方程van der Waals equation范德华力van der Waals force 范德华气体van der Waals gases范特霍夫方程van' t Hoff equation范特霍夫规则van' t Hoff rule范特霍夫渗透压公式van' t Hoff equation of osmotic pressure非基元反应non-elementary reactions 非体积功non-volume work 非依时计量学反应time independent stoichiometric reactions菲克扩散第一定律Fick ' s first law of diffusion沸点boiling point 沸点升高elevation of boiling point费米-狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics 分布distribution 分布数distribution numbers分解电压decomposition voltage分配定律distribution law分散系统disperse system分散相dispersion phase分体积partial volume分体积定律partial volume law 分压partial pressure 分压定律partial pressure law 分子反应力学mechanics of molecular reactions 分子间力intermolecular force分子蒸馏molecular distillation 封闭系统closed system附加压力excess pressure 弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 负极negative pole 负吸附negative adsorption 复合反应composite reaction盖吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac law 盖斯定律Hess law甘汞电极calomel electrode感胶离子序lyotropic series 杠杆规则lever rule高分子溶液macromolecular solution 高会溶点upper consolute point隔离法the isolation method 格罗塞斯-德雷珀定律Grotthus- Draoer 's law 隔离系统isolated system根均方速率root-mean-square speed 功work 功函work content 共轭溶液conjugate solution共沸温度azeotropic temperature构型熵configurational entropy 孤立系统isolated system固溶胶solid sol固态混合物solid solution 固相线s olid phase line光反应photoreaction光化学第二定律the second law of actinochemistry 光化学第一定律the first law of actinochemistry 光敏反应photosensitized reactions 光谱熵spectrum entropy 广度性质extensive property 广延量extensive quantity 广延性质extensive property 规定熵stipulated entropy 过饱和溶液oversaturated solution过饱和蒸气oversaturated vapor过程process 过渡状态理论transition state theory过冷水super-cooled water 过冷液体overcooled liquid 过热液体overheated liquid 亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtz function 亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtz free energy亥氏函数Helmholtz function 焓enthalpy 亨利常数Henry constant 亨利定律Henry law 恒沸混合物constant boiling mixture 恒容摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热heat at constant volume 恒外压constant external pressure 恒压摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热heat at constant pressure 化学动力学chemical kinetics 化学反应计量式stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction化学反应进度extent of chemical reaction化学亲合势chemical affinity 化学热力学chemical thermodynamics 化学势chemical potential 化学势判据chemical potential criterion化学吸附chemisorptions 环境environment 环境熵变entropy change in environment 挥发度volatility 混合熵entropy of mixing混合物 mixture活度 activity活化控制 activation control 活化络合物理论 activated complex theory活化能 activation energy霍根 -华森图Hougen-Watson Chart 基态能级 energy level at ground state基希霍夫公式 Kirchhoff formula基元反应 elementary reactions 积分溶解热 integration heat of dissolution吉布斯-杜亥姆方程 Gibbs-Duhem equation 吉布斯-亥姆霍兹方程 Gibbs-Helmhotz equation 吉布斯函数 Gibbs function 吉布斯函数判据 Gibbs function criterion 吉布斯吸附公式 Gibbs adsorption formula 吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy吉氏函数 Gibbs function 极化电极电势 polarization potential of electrode 极化曲线 polarization curves 极化作用 polarization 极限摩尔电导率 limiting molar conductivity几率因子 steric factor 计量式 stoichiometric equation 计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient 价数规则 rule of valenceJoule-Thomson experimentJoule-Thomson coefficient Joule-Thomson effect 焦耳定律 Joule's law 接触电势 contact potential 接触角 contact angle节流过程 throttling process节流膨胀 throttling expansion 节流膨胀系数 coefficient of throttling expansion结线 tie line结晶热 heat of crystallization解离化学吸附 dissociation chemical adsorption 界面 interfaces界面张力 surface tension浸湿 immersion wetting浸湿功 immersion wetting work 精馏 rectify 聚(合)电解质 polyelectrolyte 聚沉 coagulation 聚沉值 coagulation value 绝对反应速率理论 absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵 absolute entropy 绝对温标 absolute temperature scale 绝热过程 adiabatic process 绝热量热计 adiabatic calorimeter 绝热指数 adiabatic index卡诺定理Carnot theorem 卡诺循环Carnot cycle 开尔文公式 Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫-吉布斯定律 Konovalov-Gibbs law 科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch ' s Law of Independent Migration of Ions 可能的电解质 potential electrolyte 可逆电池 reversible cell 可逆过程 reversible process 可逆过程方程 reversible process equation 可逆体积功 reversible volume work 可逆相变 reversible phase change 克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation 克劳修斯不等式 Clausius inequality焦耳 Joule 焦耳 -汤姆生实验 焦耳 -汤姆生系数 焦耳 -汤姆生效应克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step 库仑计coulometer 扩散控制diffusion controlled 拉普拉斯方程Laplace ' s equation拉乌尔定律Raoult law 兰格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式Rayleigh equation 冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration 冷却曲线cooling curve 离解热heat of dissociation 离解压力dissociation pressure 离域子系统non-localized particle systems 离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion 离子的电迁移率mobility of ions 离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere 离子强度ionic strength 理想混合物perfect mixture理想气体ideal gas 理想气体的绝热指数adiabatic index of ideal gases理想气体的微观模型micro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gase理想气体状态方程state equation of ideal gas理想稀溶液ideal dilute solution 理想液态混合物perfect liquid mixture粒子particles 粒子的配分函数partition function of particles 连串反应consecutive reactions 链的传递物chain carrier链反应chain reactions 量热熵calorimetric entropy 量子统计quantum statistics 量子效率quantum yield 临界参数critical parameter 临界常数critical constant 临界点critical point 临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration 临界摩尔体积critical molar volume 临界温度critical temperature临界压力critical pressure临界状态critical state零级反应zero order reaction 流动电势streaming potential流动功flow work 笼罩效应cage effect路易斯-兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity 露点dew point 露点线dew point line 麦克斯韦关系式Maxwell relations 麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwell distribution of speeds 麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdistribution of energy 毛细管凝结condensation in capillary 毛细现象capillary phenomena 米凯利斯常数Michaelis constant摩尔电导率molar conductivity 摩尔反应焓molar reaction enthalpy 摩尔混合熵mole entropy of mixing摩尔气体常数molar gas constant 摩尔热容molar heat capacity 摩尔溶解焓mole dissolution enthalpy 摩尔稀释焓mole dilution enthalpy 内扩散控制internal diffusions control 内能internal energy 内压力internal pressure 能级energy levels 能级分布energy level distribution 能量均分原理principle of the equipartition of energy 能斯特方程Nernst equation 能斯特热定理Nernst heat theorem 凝固点freezing point 凝固点降低lowering of freezing point 凝固点曲线freezing point curve 凝胶gelatin 凝聚态condensed state 凝聚相condensed phase 浓差超电势concentration over-potential 浓差极化concentration polarization 浓差电池concentration cells 帕斯卡pascal 泡点bubble point 泡点线bubble point line 配分函数partition function 配分函数的析因子性质p roperty that partition function to be expressed as a productof the separate partition functions for each kind of state 碰撞截面collision cross section 碰撞数the number of collisions 偏摩尔量partial mole quantities 平衡常数(理想气体反应)equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases平动配分函数partition function of translation 平衡分布equilibrium distribution 平衡态equilibrium state 平衡态近似法equilibrium state approximation 平衡状态图equilibrium state diagram平均活度mean activity 平均活度系统mean activity coefficient平均摩尔热容mean molar heat capacity 平均质量摩尔浓度mean mass molarity 平均自由程mean free path 平行反应parallel reactions 铺展spreading普遍化范德华方程universal van der Waals equation 其它功the other work 气化热heat of vaporization 气体常数gas constant气体分子运动论kinetic theory of gases 气体分子运动论的基本方程foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases 气溶胶aerosol 气相线vapor line 迁移数transport number 潜热latent heat 强度量intensive quantity 强度性质intensive property亲液溶胶hydrophilic sol氢电极hydrogen electrodes 区域熔化zone melting 热heat热爆炸heat explosion热泵heat pump热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat 热函heat content热化学thermochemistry热化学方程thermochemical equation 热机heat engine热机效率efficiency of heat engine热力学thermodynamics热力学第二定律热力学第三定律热力学第一定律热力学基本方程the second law of thermodynamics the third law of thermodynamics the first law of thermodynamics fundamental equation of thermodynamics热力学几率thermodynamic probability热力学能thermodynamic energy热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature 热力学温度thermodynamic temperature 热熵thermal entropy热效应heat effect熔点曲线melting point curve熔化热heat of fusion溶胶colloidal sol溶解焓dissolution enthalpy溶液solution溶胀swelling润湿wetting润湿角wetting angle萨克尔-泰特洛德方程Sackur-Tetrode equation三相点triple point三相平衡线triple-phase line熵entropy熵判据entropy criterion熵增原理principle of entropy increase渗透压osmotic pressure渗析法dialytic process生成反应formation reaction升华热heat of sublimation实际气体real gas舒尔采-哈迪规则Schulze-Hardy rule松驰力relaxation force松驰时间time of relaxation速度常数reaction rate constant速率方程rate equations速率控制步骤rate determining step塔费尔公式Tafel equation态-态反应state-state reactions唐南平衡Donnan equilibrium淌度mobility特鲁顿规则Trouton rule特性粘度intrinsic viscosity体积功volume work统计权重statistical weight统计热力学statistic thermodynamics统计熵statistic entropy途径path途径函数path function外扩散控制external diffusion control完美晶体perfect crystalline完全气体perfect gas微观状态microstate微态microstate 韦斯顿标准电池Weston standard battery维恩效应Wien effect 维里方程virial equation 维里系数virial coefficient 稳流过程steady flow process 稳态近似法stationary state approximation 无热溶液athermal solution 无限稀溶液solutions in the limit of extreme dilution物理化学Physical Chemistry 物理吸附p hysisorptions吸附adsorption 吸附等量线adsorption isostere吸附等温线adsorption isotherm吸附等压线adsorption isobar吸附剂adsorbent 吸附量extent of adsorption 吸附热heat of adsorption 吸附质adsorbate 析出电势evolution or deposition potential 析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state 稀溶液的依数性colligative properties of dilute solutions稀释焓dilution enthalpy系统system 系统点system point 系统的环境environment of system 相phase 相变phase change 相变焓enthalpy of phase change 相变化phase change 相变热heat of phase change 相点phase point 相对挥发度relative volatility 相对粘度relative viscosity 相律phase rule 相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium 相图phase diagram 相倚子系统system of dependent particles 悬浮液suspension 循环过程cyclic process压力商pressure quotient 压缩因子compressibility factor 压缩因子图diagram of compressibility factor 亚稳状态metastable state 盐桥salt bridge 盐析salting out 阳极anode 杨氏方程Young' s equation 液体接界电势l iquid junction potential液相线liquid phase lines 一级反应first order reaction 一级相变first order phase change 依时计量学反应time dependent stoichiometric reactions 逸度fugacity 逸度系数coefficient of fugacity 阴极cathode 荧光fluorescence 永动机perpetual motion machine 永久气体Permanent gas 有效能available energy 原电池primary cell 原盐效应salt effect 增比粘度specific viscosity 憎液溶胶lyophobic sol 沾湿adhesional wetting 沾湿功the work of adhesional wetting 真溶液true solution 真实电解质real electrolyte 真实气体real gas 真实迁移数true transference number 振动配分函数partition function of vibration 振动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration 蒸气压下降depression of vapor pressure正常沸点normal point 正吸附positive adsorption 支链反应branched chain reactions 直链反应straight chain reactions 指前因子pre-exponential factor 质量作用定律mass action law 制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration 中和热heat of neutralization轴功shaft work转动配分函数partition function of rotation 转动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration 转化率convert ratio 转化温度conversion temperature 状态state 状态方程state equation状态分布state distribution状态函数state function准静态过程quasi-static process 准一级反应pseudo first order reaction 自动催化作用auto-catalysis 自由度degree of freedom 自由度数number of degree of freedom 自由焓free enthalpy 自由能free energy 自由膨胀free expansion 组分数component number 最低恒沸点lower azeotropic point最高恒沸点upper azeotropic point 最佳反应温度optimal reaction temperature 最可几分布mostprobable distribution 最可几速率most propable speed。
苯的饱和蒸汽压温度表
苯的饱和蒸汽压温度表1. 引言苯是一种常见的有机化合物,具有广泛的应用领域。
了解苯的饱和蒸汽压与温度之间的关系对于工业生产和实验研究都具有重要意义。
本文将介绍苯的饱和蒸汽压温度表,并对其相关知识进行详细阐述。
2. 苯的基本性质苯(化学式:C6H6)是一种无色、易挥发的液体。
它具有特殊的芳香气味,并且不溶于水。
苯是一种重要的溶剂,在化学反应中被广泛应用。
3. 饱和蒸汽压与温度饱和蒸汽压是指在一定温度下,液体与其相应气体之间达到平衡时所产生的压强。
对于苯来说,它的饱和蒸汽压与温度之间存在着明确的关系。
以下是苯在不同温度下的饱和蒸汽压数据表(单位:mmHg):温度(摄氏度)饱和蒸汽压(mmHg)-40 1.0-30 2.0-20 4.0-10 8.00 15.510 30.920 58.830 105.340 179.2由上表可见,苯的饱和蒸汽压随温度的升高而增加。
这是因为温度升高会导致液体分子动能增加,从而使液体分子逃逸成为气体状态。
4. 计算苯的饱和蒸汽压苯的饱和蒸汽压与温度之间的关系可以通过公式来计算。
常用的公式有安托万方程和克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程。
安托万方程安托万方程(Antoine equation)是一种经验公式,用于描述物质的饱和蒸汽压与温度之间的关系。
对于苯来说,安托万方程可以表示为:ln(P) = A - B / (T + C)其中,P表示饱和蒸汽压(单位:mmHg),T表示温度(单位:摄氏度),A、B、C 为实验常数。
通过实验数据拟合,可以得到苯的安托万方程参数如下:A = 6.90565B = 1211.033C = 220.79克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程(Clausius-Clapeyron equation)是一种理论公式,用于描述物质的饱和蒸汽压与温度之间的关系。
对于苯来说,克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程可以表示为:ln(P2/P1) = ∆Hvap/R * (1/T1 - 1/T2)其中,P1和P2分别表示两个温度下的饱和蒸汽压(单位:mmHg),T1和T2分别表示两个温度(单位:摄氏度),∆Hvap表示液体蒸发时的摩尔热焓变化(单位:J/mol),R为气体常数。
安托因方程p的单位
安托因方程p的单位【实用版】目录1.安托因方程的定义与背景2.安托因方程中 p 的单位的含义3.p 单位的推导与计算方法4.p 单位的应用实例5.总结正文1.安托因方程的定义与背景安托因方程(Antouin equation)是一种描述物质在溶液中吸附行为的数学方程,由法国化学家安托因(Antouin)于 1936 年提出。
该方程主要用于研究气体在液体中的吸附现象,特别是在气相色谱分析(GC)和液相色谱分析(LC)等领域具有重要的应用价值。
在安托因方程中,p 表示单位质量吸附剂吸附气体的分压,是描述吸附剂吸附能力的重要参数。
2.安托因方程中 p 的单位的含义在安托因方程中,p 表示单位质量吸附剂在一定温度下吸附气体的分压。
它的单位通常为帕/g(Pa/g)或毫巴/g(mbar/g),表示每克吸附剂吸附的气体分压。
p 值越大,说明吸附剂的吸附能力越强。
3.p 单位的推导与计算方法安托因方程中的 p 值可以通过实验数据进行计算。
其计算方法通常基于吸附等温线(adsorption isotherm)的数据,通过拟合等温线数据得到。
具体的计算方法包括:Kissinger 法、Koch 法、Langmuir 法等。
4.p 单位的应用实例在气相色谱分析(GC)和液相色谱分析(LC)中,p 值被广泛应用于评价吸附剂的性能。
例如,在 GC 分析中,p 值用于描述样品在固定相(吸附剂)和移动相(载气)之间的分配系数,从而影响样品的保留时间。
在LC 分析中,p 值用于描述样品在液相和固相(吸附剂)之间的分配系数,从而影响样品的保留值。
5.总结安托因方程中的 p 值是描述吸附剂吸附能力的重要参数,其单位通常为帕/g 或毫巴/g。
通过实验数据计算得到的 p 值可以应用于气相色谱分析和液相色谱分析等领域,评价吸附剂的性能。
化学常见术语英文说法--转
化学常见术语英文说法BET公式BET formulaDLVO理论DLVO theoryHLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodpVT性质pVT propertyζ电势zeta potential阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro’number阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy阿马格定律Amagat law艾林方程Erying equation爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence爱因斯坦-斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation安托万常数Antoine constant安托万方程Antoine equation盎萨格电导理论Onsager’s theory of conductance半电池half cell半衰期half time period饱和液体saturated liquids饱和蒸气saturated vapor饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure爆炸界限explosion limits比表面功specific surface work比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function比浓粘度reduced viscosity标准电动势standard electromotive force标准电极电势standard electrode potential标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode标准态standard state标准熵standard entropy标准压力standard pressure标准状况standard condition表观活化能apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight表观迁移数apparent transference number表面surfaces表面过程控制surface process control表面活性剂surfactants表面吸附量surface excess表面张力surface tension表面质量作用定律surface mass action law波义尔定律Boyle law波义尔温度Boyle temperature波义尔点Boyle point玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann formula玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem玻色-爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics泊Poise不可逆过程irreversible process不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes 不可逆相变化irreversible phase change布朗运动brownian movement查理定律Charle’s law产率yield敞开系统open system超电势over potential沉降sedimentation沉降电势sedimentation potential沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium触变thixotropy粗分散系统thick disperse system催化剂catalyst单分子层吸附理论mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应unimolecular reaction单链反应straight chain reactions弹式量热计bomb calorimeter道尔顿定律Dalton law道尔顿分压定律Dalton partial pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式Debye cubic formula德拜-休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel’s limiting equation等焓过程isenthalpic process等焓线isenthalpic line等几率定理theorem of equal probability等温等容位Helmholtz free energy等温等压位Gibbs free energy等温方程equation at constant temperature低共熔点eutectic point低共熔混合物eutectic mixture低会溶点lower consolute point低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second kind第三定律熵third-law entropy第一类永动机perpetual machine of the first kind缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorption电池常数cell constant电池电动势electromotive force of cells电池反应cell reaction电导conductance电导率conductivity电动势的温度系数temperature coefficient of electromotive force 电动电势zeta potential电功electric work电化学electrochemistry电化学极化electrochemical polarization电极电势electrode potential电极反应reactions on the electrode电极种类type of electrodes电解池electrolytic cell电量计coulometer电流效率current efficiency电迁移electro migration电迁移率electromobility电渗electroosmosis电渗析electrodialysis电泳electrophoresis丁达尔效应Dyndall effect定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant volume定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure定压温度计constant pressure thermometer定域子系统localized particle system动力学方程kinetic equations动力学控制kinetics control独立子系统independent particle system对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume对比体积reduced volume对比温度reduced temperature对比压力reduced pressure对称数symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions对应状态原理principle of corresponding state多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 二级反应second order reaction二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数faraday constant法拉第定律Faraday’s law反电动势back E.M.F.反渗透reverse osmosis反应分子数molecularity反应级数reaction orders反应进度extent of reaction反应热heat of reaction反应速率rate of reaction反应速率常数constant of reaction rate范德华常数van der Waals constant范德华方程van der Waals equation范德华力van der Waals force范德华气体van der Waals gases范特霍夫方程van’t Hoff equation范特霍夫规则van’t Hoff rule范特霍夫渗透压公式van’t Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 非基元反应non-elementary reactions非体积功non-volume work非依时计量学反应time independent stoichiometric reactions 菲克扩散第一定律Fick’s first law of diffusion沸点boiling point沸点升高elevation of boiling point费米-狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics分布distribution分布数distribution numbers分解电压decomposition voltage分配定律distribution law分散系统disperse system分散相dispersion phase分体积partial volume分体积定律partial volume law分压partial pressure分压定律partial pressure law分子反应力学mechanics of molecular reactions分子间力intermolecular force分子蒸馏molecular distillation封闭系统closed system附加压力excess pressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 负极negative pole负吸附negative adsorption复合反应composite reaction盖·吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac law盖斯定律Hess law甘汞电极calomel electrode感胶离子序lyotropic series杠杆规则lever rule高分子溶液macromolecular solution高会溶点upper consolute point隔离法the isolation method格罗塞斯-德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoer’s law隔离系统isolated system根均方速率root-mean-square speed功work功函work content共轭溶液conjugate solution共沸温度azeotropic temperature构型熵configurational entropy孤立系统isolated system固溶胶solid sol固态混合物solid solution固相线solid phase line光反应photoreaction光化学第二定律the second law of actinochemistry光化学第一定律the first law of actinochemistry光敏反应photosensitized reactions光谱熵spectrum entropy广度性质extensive property广延量extensive quantity广延性质extensive property规定熵stipulated entropy过饱和溶液oversaturated solution过饱和蒸气oversaturated vapor过程process过渡状态理论transition state theory过冷水super-cooled water过冷液体overcooled liquid过热液体overheated liquid亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtz function亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtz free energy亥氏函数Helmholtz function焓enthalpy亨利常数Henry constant亨利定律Henry law恒沸混合物constant boiling mixture恒容摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热heat at constant volume恒外压constant external pressure恒压摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热heat at constant pressure化学动力学chemical kinetics化学反应计量式stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction 化学反应进度extent of chemical reaction化学亲合势chemical affinity化学热力学chemical thermodynamics化学势chemical potential化学势判据chemical potential criterion化学吸附chemisorptions环境environment环境熵变entropy change in environment挥发度volatility混合熵entropy of mixing混合物mixture活度activity活化控制activation control活化络合物理论activated complex theory活化能activation energy霍根-华森图Hougen-Watson Chart基态能级energy level at ground state基希霍夫公式Kirchhoff formula基元反应elementary reactions积分溶解热integration heat of dissolution吉布斯-杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhem equation吉布斯-亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotz equation吉布斯函数Gibbs function吉布斯函数判据Gibbs function criterion吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy吉氏函数Gibbs function极化电极电势polarization potential of electrode 极化曲线polarization curves极化作用polarization极限摩尔电导率limiting molar conductivity几率因子steric factor计量式stoichiometric equation计量系数stoichiometric coefficient价数规则rule of valence简并度degeneracy键焓bond enthalpy胶冻broth jelly胶核colloidal nucleus胶凝作用demulsification胶束micelle胶体colloid胶体分散系统dispersion system of colloid胶体化学collochemistry胶体粒子colloidal particles胶团micelle焦耳Joule焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomson experiment焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomson coefficient焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomson effect焦耳定律Joule's law接触电势contact potential接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process节流膨胀throttling expansion节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion 结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption 界面interfaces界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify聚(合)电解质polyelectrolyte聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory 绝对熵absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index卡诺定理Carnot theorem卡诺循环Carnot cycle开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫-吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process可逆过程方程reversible process equation可逆体积功reversible volume work可逆相变reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律Raoult law兰格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式Rayleigh equation冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系统non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子强度ionic strength理想混合物perfect mixture理想气体ideal gas理想气体的绝热指数adiabatic index of ideal gases理想气体的微观模型micro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases理想气体状态方程state equation of ideal gas理想稀溶液ideal dilute solution理想液态混合物perfect liquid mixture粒子particles粒子的配分函数partition function of particles连串反应consecutive reactions链的传递物chain carrier链反应chain reactions量热熵calorimetric entropy量子统计quantum statistics量子效率quantum yield临界参数critical parameter临界常数critical constant临界点critical point临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration临界摩尔体积critical molar volume临界温度critical temperature临界压力critical pressure临界状态critical state零级反应zero order reaction流动电势streaming potential流动功flow work笼罩效应cage effect路易斯-兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity 露点dew point露点线dew point line麦克斯韦关系式Maxwell relations麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwell distribution of speeds麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdistribution of energy毛细管凝结condensation in capillary毛细现象capillary phenomena米凯利斯常数Michaelis constant摩尔电导率molar conductivity摩尔反应焓molar reaction enthalpy摩尔混合熵mole entropy of mixing摩尔气体常数molar gas constant摩尔热容molar heat capacity摩尔溶解焓mole dissolution enthalpy摩尔稀释焓mole dilution enthalpy内扩散控制internal diffusions control内能internal energy内压力internal pressure能级energy levels能级分布energy level distribution能量均分原理principle of the equipartition of energy能斯特方程Nernst equation能斯特热定理Nernst heat theorem凝固点freezing point凝固点降低lowering of freezing point凝固点曲线freezing point curve凝胶gelatin凝聚态condensed state凝聚相condensed phase浓差超电势concentration over-potential浓差极化concentration polarization浓差电池concentration cells帕斯卡pascal泡点bubble point泡点线bubble point line配分函数partition function配分函数的析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state碰撞截面collision cross section碰撞数the number of collisions偏摩尔量partial mole quantities平衡常数(理想气体反应)equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases平动配分函数partition function of translation平衡分布equilibrium distribution平衡态equilibrium state平衡态近似法equilibrium state approximation平衡状态图equilibrium state diagram平均活度mean activity平均活度系统mean activity coefficient平均摩尔热容mean molar heat capacity平均质量摩尔浓度mean mass molarity平均自由程mean free path平行反应parallel reactions破乳demulsification铺展spreading普遍化范德华方程universal van der Waals equation其它功the other work气化热heat of vaporization气溶胶aerosol气体常数gas constant气体分子运动论kinetic theory of gases气体分子运动论的基本方程foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases 气溶胶aerosol气相线vapor line迁移数transport number潜热latent heat强度量intensive quantity强度性质intensive property亲液溶胶hydrophilic sol氢电极hydrogen electrodes区域熔化zone melting热heat热爆炸heat explosion热泵heat pump热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat热函heat content热化学thermochemistry热化学方程thermochemical equation热机heat engine热机效率efficiency of heat engine热力学thermodynamics热力学第二定律the second law of thermodynamics热力学第三定律the third law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律the first law of thermodynamics热力学基本方程fundamental equation of thermodynamics热力学几率thermodynamic probability热力学能thermodynamic energy热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature热力学温度thermodynamic temperature热熵thermal entropy热效应heat effect熔点曲线melting point curve熔化热heat of fusion溶胶colloidal sol溶解焓dissolution enthalpy溶液solution溶胀swelling乳化剂emulsifier乳状液emulsion润湿wetting润湿角wetting angle萨克尔-泰特洛德方程Sackur-Tetrode equation三相点triple point三相平衡线triple-phase line熵entropy熵判据entropy criterion熵增原理principle of entropy increase渗透压osmotic pressure渗析法dialytic process生成反应formation reaction升华热heat of sublimation实际气体real gas舒尔采-哈迪规则Schulze-Hardy rule松驰力relaxation force松驰时间time of relaxation速度常数reaction rate constant速率方程rate equations速率控制步骤rate determining step塔费尔公式Tafel equation态-态反应state-state reactions唐南平衡Donnan equilibrium淌度mobility特鲁顿规则Trouton rule特性粘度intrinsic viscosity体积功volume work统计权重statistical weight统计热力学statistic thermodynamics统计熵statistic entropy途径path途径函数path function外扩散控制external diffusion control完美晶体perfect crystalline完全气体perfect gas微观状态microstate微态microstate韦斯顿标准电池Weston standard battery维恩效应Wien effect维里方程virial equation维里系数virial coefficient稳流过程steady flow process稳态近似法stationary state approximation无热溶液athermal solution无限稀溶液solutions in the limit of extreme dilution 物理化学Physical Chemistry物理吸附physisorptions吸附adsorption吸附等量线adsorption isostere吸附等温线adsorption isotherm吸附等压线adsorption isobar吸附剂adsorbent吸附量extent of adsorption吸附热heat of adsorption吸附质adsorbate析出电势evolution or deposition potential析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product ofthe separate partition functions for each kind of state稀溶液的依数性colligative properties of dilute solutions稀释焓dilution enthalpy系统system系统点system point系统的环境environment of system相phase相变phase change相变焓enthalpy of phase change相变化phase change相变热heat of phase change相点phase point相对挥发度relative volatility相对粘度relative viscosity相律phase rule相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium相图phase diagram相倚子系统system of dependent particles悬浮液suspension循环过程cyclic process压力商pressure quotient压缩因子compressibility factor压缩因子图diagram of compressibility factor亚稳状态metastable state盐桥salt bridge盐析salting out阳极anode杨氏方程Young’s equation液体接界电势liquid junction potential液相线liquid phase lines一级反应first order reaction一级相变first order phase change依时计量学反应time dependent stoichiometric reactions逸度fugacity逸度系数coefficient of fugacity阴极cathode荧光fluorescence永动机perpetual motion machine永久气体Permanent gas有效能available energy原电池primary cell原盐效应salt effect增比粘度specific viscosity憎液溶胶lyophobic sol沾湿adhesional wetting沾湿功the work of adhesional wetting真溶液true solution真实电解质real electrolyte真实气体real gas真实迁移数true transference number振动配分函数partition function of vibration振动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration 蒸气压下降depression of vapor pressure正常沸点normal point正吸附positive adsorption支链反应branched chain reactions直链反应straight chain reactions指前因子pre-exponential factor质量作用定律mass action law制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration中和热heat of neutralization轴功shaft work转动配分函数partition function of rotation转动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration 转化率convert ratio转化温度conversion temperature状态state状态方程state equation状态分布state distribution状态函数state function准静态过程quasi-static process准一级反应pseudo first order reaction自动催化作用auto-catalysis自由度degree of freedom自由度数number of degree of freedom自由焓free enthalpy自由能free energy自由膨胀free expansion组分数component number最低恒沸点lower azeotropic point最高恒沸点upper azeotropic point最佳反应温度optimal reaction temperature 最可几分布most probable distribution最可几速率most propable speed。
