城市公示语的汉英翻译-最新文档
公示语英译汉
1.IN 向内2.OUT 向外3.ENTRANCE 入口4.EXIT 出口5.DOMESTIC ARRIV ALS (DEPARTURES) 国内航班抵达（出站）6.INTERNATIONAL ARRIV ALS(DEPARTURES) 国际航班抵达（出站）7.BAGGAGE CHECK-IN 行李登记8.CUSTOMS海关9.SECURITY CHECK安全检查10.BAGGAE CLAIM行李认领11.TRANSIT PASSENGERS过境旅客12.NO PARKING DAY OR NIGHT 昼夜禁止停车13.NO PARKING IN DRIVEW AY 机动车道禁止停车14.AUTHORIZED CARS ONL Y 专用停车位15.VEHICULAR ENTRY车辆入口16.TRAFFIC ISLAND 交通岛（转盘）17.ONE LANE BRIDGE 单道桥18.FORM ONE LANE’并道19.STEEP DESCENT陡坡慢行20.STEEP CLIMB陡坡慢行21.DIP下山22.GRA V AL ROAD 砾石路23.NO OVERTAKING ON BRIDGE 桥上禁止超车24.NO U TURN 禁止掉头25.NO RIGHT TURN 禁止右转弯26.STOP HERE ON RED SIGNAL 红灯停车27.DETOUR AHEAD 绕路向前28.NO THOROUGHFARE 禁止通行29.NO THROUGH ROAD 此路不通30.PEDESTRIAN CROSSING AHEAD 注意前方人行道31.PLEASE PAY CONDUCTOR 请向买票人付费32.DO NOT SPEAK TO THE DRIVER WHILE THE BUS IS IN MOTION33.PULL SIGNAL CORD ONCE WHEN APPROACHING THE STOP REQUIRED34.RIDING ON PLATFORM PROHIBITED 严禁站台汽车35.PLEASE PAY DRIVER 请向驾驶员付费37.PLEASE PAY DRIVER 请向司机付费38. STAND CLEAR INW ARD OPENING DOOR 车门向内开请勿靠近39.PAY THE CORRECT FARE 正确付费40.THERE ARE SEVERE PEALTIES FOR FARE EA VSION 逃避买票将受到惩罚41.STA TE YOUR DESTINA TION WHEN PAYING YOUR FARE买票时请说明你的目的地42.PLEASE VACA TE THIS SEA T FOR A DISABLED PERSON IF REQUIRED请主动给残疾人让座42BOTTLE SHOP 瓶装酒经销店43BOTTLE SERVICE 瓶装酒经销店44BOTTLE SALES 瓶装酒经销店45LIQUOR SHOP 白酒商店46DOLLAR BOOKSHOP 一元书店47DISPOSAL SHOP 清仓处理店48DUTY FREE SHOP 免税商店49USED CAR DEALER 二手车经销商50PREOWNED CAR BROKER 旧车转让中间商51X GOERMENT CARS FOR SALE52BUTCHER 肉店53BUTCHERY 肉店54REAL ESTATE AGENTS 房产中介55PAWN BROKER 典当行56MONEY LENDER 放款人57HAIR SALON 发廊58HAIRDRESSING SALON 美发厅59BARBER 理发店60HAIR STYLISTS 美发屋61BEAUTY PARLOR 美容院62WATCHMAKER: QUALITY REPAIR 钟表精修63FUNERAL DIRECTORS 殡仪员64MOTOR FUNERALS 丧葬车出租店65DRUM CITY—EVERYTHING MUSICAL 鼓城乐器大全66LOCKSMITH 锁店67FURNITURE CENTRE 家具城68DOG SHOP 养狗用品商店69TOY FISHERIES 渔具店70AUTO SERVICES 汽车维修71QUALITY BODY BEATING 车身精修72SALE PRICE 特价73CRAZY PRICE 疯狂大减价74TERRIFIC VALUE 超值商品75SPECIAL BUY 大甩卖76INSTANT REPAIR 立等可取77REPAIR WHILE U WAIT 即时修理立等可取78SAME DAY SERVICE 当日维修服务79HOURS FOR OPENNG AND CLOSING 开放时间80DISCOUNT 折扣店81NOT FOR SALE 非卖品82SELF-SERVICE 自助83OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK 每周七天开放84CUSTOMERS PLEASE REFRAIN FROM ENTERING THIS AREA 顾客请止步85NOT FOOD OR DRINKS TO BE BROUGHT IN SHOP 请不要把饮食带入商店86UNATTENEDED CHILDREN NOT ALLOWED IN SHOP 无人照顾儿童谢绝进入商场87COME ON IN 顾客请进88COME ON OUT 请出来89COME ON DOWN 顾客请上楼90FEEL FREE TO BROWSE AROUNDYOU’RE UNDER NO OBLIGATION TO BUY 只许参观浏览不许购买94. THANK YOUR FOR YOUR CUSTOM 感谢惠顾95. DO NOT LITTER无乱扔杂物97. PLEASE KEEP THIS SITE BEAUTIFUL 请保持清洁98. TAKE YOUR LITTER WITH YOU 请带走你的垃圾99. PULLTION IS A MENACE TO US ALL 污染对人人有害100. PLEASE DO NOT THROW PLASTIC AND PAPER RUBBISH INTO THIS RIVER.请勿往河里投掷垃圾101 FIRE CAN BE DANGEROUS 火灾危险102 PLEASE DON’T DROP LIGHTED CIGARETTES AND MA TCHES 禁止烟火103 NO RUNNING (ROUGH PLAY /SWEARING/CHEWING GUM/GLASS BOTTLES/DOGS OR ALCHOHOL) ALLOWED 请不要跑/大闹/骂人/吃口香糖/104 . PRIV ATE PROPERTY KEEP OUTTRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED 私人住宅请勿入内闯入者将法办105 THS AREA IS OPEN FOR INSPECTION ONL Y 此区在检查时开放106 PLEASE STOP请止步NO ENTRANCE禁止入内107 STAFFF ONL Y员工通道108 PRIV ATE 私人专用109 THE SALES SECTION STOPS HERE 非营业区110 ADMITTANCE TO THIS AREA IS PROHIBITED 禁止入内111 NO ADMITTANCE 闲人免进112 POSITIVELY NO ADMITTANCE 严禁入内113 TAKE YOUR HANDS OFF THE RAIL 请勿扶栏杆114 THANK YOU FOR NOT SMOKING 请勿吸烟115 DO NOT PROCEED BEYONG RAIL 请勿翻越栏杆116 ANY DAMAGES OR BREAKEAGES MUST BE PAID FOR 损坏东西必须赔偿117 IF IT BREAKS WE CONSIDER IT SOLD TO YOU 若有破损请负责赔偿118 LOOK WITH YOUR EYES PLEASE DON’T TOUCH 请勿动手触摸119 PHOTOGRAPHY INSIDE OLD GOVERNMENT HOUSE NOT PERMITTED 不准在古旧的政府大楼内拍照120 NO ENTRY BY THIS DOOR 请勿走此门121 PLEASE DO NOT LEA VE YOUR BELONGINGS HERE. 请勿放置个人物品122 THE MAAGEMENT RESERVES THE RIGHT TO REFUSE ENTRY 管理人员有权谢绝入内123PLEASE PUT ALL CARDS IN SHUTE SIT DOWN UNTIL CALLED 请用病例排队124NEXT TELLER PLEASE 请到其他窗口办理125ISSUE OF LOANS 发放贷款126RETURN OF LOANS 借款的偿付。
各种各样公示语的汉英两种版本
ZT: 谈公示用语的语言特点与汉英翻译出国观光商旅，食、宿、行、游、娱、购，没有导游陪同，没有公示牌提示，您会有什么感觉？当海外游客内急，抬头即见“TOILET”时，当国外运动员驾车前往桂林，在高速路上遥遥见到“GUILIN 2KM”时，当他们走进人头蹿动的购物中心，站在“INFORMATION”台前时他们感到的是那样欣慰。
然而，当海外旅游者发现“ENTRANCE VISA” （凭票入内）“FEE PARK”（收费停车场）“PROPAGANDA DEPARTMENT”（宣传部）“TICKET OFFICE FOR”（补票处），OFF LIMITS（旅客止步）等公示用语时又会作何感想呢？2001年7月13日经国际奥委会委员两轮的投票，北京成功胜出，获得2008年奥运会的主办权。
北京人为此无比自豪，中国人为此感到骄傲。
举办奥运会需要良好的国际语言环境。
改革开放二十几年以来，北京的国际语言环境得到了明显改善。
然而，国际奥委会的官员们对北京的语言环境问题仍极为关注；在相当程度上，北京能否建设良好的国际语言环境是能否成功举办2008年奥运会的关键；为适应举办奥运会和建设国际化都市的需要，北京的公共设施、交通设施、旅游设施等处将大量采用中英两种语言的公示用语。
翻译得法的公示语将为任何一位来自远方的旅游者、运动员在任何他们步履所及的地方获得涉及食、宿、行、游、娱、购的悉心关照。
一、公示语的应用范围公示语的应用范围非常广泛，旅游者所到之处，凡涉及食、宿、行、游、娱、购的处所都可见公示语。
公示语应用最为广泛的地方是公共设施：如地铁、机场、加油站等；公共交通：如终点站、出租车站、游船码头、票务中心、高速公路等；旅游景点：如博物馆、名胜、古迹等；旅游服务：如旅游信息咨询、旅游紧急救援、翻译服务等；街道区县：如胡同、大街、社区、居民小区等；涉外机构：如出入境管理、外交使团等；公共机构：如消费者协会、红十字会等；公示语还应用在服务机构内外，如商业设施：商店、超市、餐厅、银行、网吧、图片冲印等；旅游设施，如旅游酒店、航空公司、度假村等；体育设施：如体育场、高尔夫球场、综合健身中心等；文化设施：如影院、剧院、迪厅等；卫生设施：如医院、急救中心、中医诊所等；宗教会所：如教堂、庙宇、道观、清真寺等；科教机构：如大学、中学、研究所、特教学校等；社会团体：如协会、学会、趣味组织等；残疾人服务：如残联、康复中心等；治安监督：如紧急警务、失物招领、消费者投诉等处。
公示语中英翻译
四、公示语的示意功能
■ 指示性Directing （static)
❏ 票务与旅游中心Ticket & Travel Centre ❏ 地 铁 Underground ❏ 行 人 Pedestrians ❏ 公共厕所Public Toilet ❏ 问询服务Information ❏ 婴儿换巾处Baby Change
钢铁厂
Steel and Iron Factory
Iron and Steel Factory
海尔整体 Haier Unit
厨房
Kitchen
Haier Kitchen Unit
e.g. 9 Misspelled English Words
e.g.10 Misunderstanding the Source or Target Language
❏ 共同努力，世界更精彩Working together, we can make a world of difference.
■ 防范犯罪
❏ 警示他人，迅速撤离Warn others. Move away. ❏ 盗贼当心Thieves Beware
六、公示语的种类
■ Shopping Signs
四、公示语的示意功能
■ 强制性Compelling (dynamic)
❏ 警戒线勿超越Police Line Do Not Cross ❏ 严禁拍照No Photography ❏ 禁止通行Don’t Walk ❏ 禁酒区Alcohol Free Zone ❏ 禁止导游讲解NO BRIEFING OF GROUPS
11. Omitting
■ 患心脏病、高血压、酗酒者忌座”. ■ Anyone who with heart disease, high blood, please
英语专业全英毕业论文(汉英公示语翻译)
本科毕业论文题目：On English Translation of ChinesePublic Signs 院（系）：外语系班级：英语级班姓名：学号：指导教师：教师职称：汉英公示语的翻译摘要公示语向来被称作“城市的脸孔"，是给所有到中国来的外国人士留下第一印象的中国名片。
然而，公示语翻译的错误比比皆是，这大大影响了公示语作用的发挥，削弱了我国的国际形象。
为了树立我国良好的国际形象，不断规范和完善城市公示语的翻译成为了一项亟待完成的工作。
基于以上原因，作者尝试从理论和实践的角度分析现今汉英公示语翻译中所存在的一些问题。
通过对大量标准以及问题公示语翻译的深入观察分析，作者对公示语的一般特征进行了总结并对公示语翻译中出现的问题进行了分类，从而在实践观察和对相关理论深入研究的基础上提出相应的翻译策略。
翻译并不仅仅是跨语言行为，它更是一种文化信息的传递。
公示语的翻译同样如此。
得体的公示语翻译不仅在语言上要无懈可击，在文化信息传递上也要雅俗共赏。
本文还对公示语的概念做出了解释，并根据目的需求与功能两种标准对公示语做了分类。
在介绍公示语的特征时，作者将其分为语言特征与功能特征，特征与分类不同，也决定了需要采取不同的翻译策略。
关键词：汉英翻译；公示语；问题；翻译策略On English Translation of Chinese PublicSignsAbstractPublic signs, which have alway s been referred to “face of city”, are the first impression of China for the people who come to China. However, the ubiquitous translation mistakes of public signs greatly undermine the international image of China. So,specificating and constantly perfecting the translation of public signs have become an urgent work in order to establish a good international image.The paper ventures an attempt to analyze the current problems existing in the C-E translation of public signs and to seek proper translational strategies both from the perspectives of theory and practice．By closely observing numerous samples of both standard and problematic translation of signs，the author manages to generalize the characteristics of public signs and to categorize the problems and mistakes in the current C-E translation of public signs．Then, proper translational strategies are proposed on the basis of in-depth study of relevant theories and keen observation of practice．Translation is not merely a cross-linguistic activity, but more of a transmission of cultural information．The translation of public signs is no exception．An appropriate translation of public sign should not only belinguistically correct, but also culturally acceptable．This paper expresses the meaning of the public signs and classify the signs according to the standards of objective demand and function. And the characteristics of the public signs are different studied from linguistic features and functional features,which determines to adopt different translation strategies.Key words: Chinese-English translation public sign problems translation strategyContents摘要 (I)Abstract (II)CHAPTER I Introduction (1)1.1 O bjective of the study (1)1.2 Significance of the study (1)1.3 Structure of the paper (2)CHAPTER II General Introduction to Public Signs (3)2.1 Definition of Public Signs (3)2.2 Functions of Public Signs (3)2.2.1 Directing function (4)2.2.2 Prompting function (4)2.2.3 Restricting function (4)2.2.4 Compelling function (5)CHAPTER III Analysis on Problems in C-E Translation of Public Signs (6)3.1 Linguistic translation problems (6)3.1.1 Spelling errors (6)3.1.2 Grammatical errors (6)3.1.3 Wrong dictions (7)3.2 Cultural translation problems (7)CHAPTER IV Strategies of C-E Public Signs Translation and Requirementfor Translator (9)4.1 Principles of C-E translation of Public Signs (9)4.1.1 Clearness (9)4.1.2 Conciseness (10)4.1.3 Simple words (10)4.2 Methods of C-E translation of Public S igns (11)4.2.1 Modification (11)4.2.2 Addition (11)4.2.3 Omission (12)4.2.4 Mutual transformation of affirmative and negativee xpressions (13)4.3 Requirement for the t ranslators (13)CHAPTER V Conclusion (15)Acknowledgements (16)Works Cited (17)CHAPTER I Introduction1.1Objective of the studyThe research objective of the study is to examine the translation problems in the Chinese-English public signs translation and further propose the translation strategies as well as principles suitable for specific groups.The studies begin with the careful and long period of observation of the problems existing in the public signs translation. On the basis of the classification of the translation errors proposed by Christiane Nord, the author aims at the most appropriate translation strategies for each type. With the examination of sufficient sources, the author finds that it is not difficult to eliminate the errors at linguistic level since the text of the public signs is less complex than documentary and other instrumental texts due to its conciseness and directness features (Ni 18).1.2 Significance of the studyPublic S igns affect people’s life in a tremendous way. When somebody smokes, it is the public sign that stops him. In fascinating and mysterious spots where we have never been to, it is the public sign that teaches us related knowledge. Foreign visitors from all walks of life，such as entrepreneurs，professors，students and tourists come to China for various purposes．But for most of them，they know little about Chinese．In this case，it is necessary to translate Chinese public signs into English for the convenience of these foreign visitors．In this case, a proper translation helps establish a good image of China and enhance the cultural communication.1.3 Structure of the paperThe paper is structured with five chapters：The first chapter is a general introduction to the thesis, including the objective of the study, the structure of the thesis and the significance of the study. The second chapter makes a general introduction to public sign, including the definition and functions of public sign. The third chapter focuses on the problems of C-E translation of public signs from linguistics and cultural perspectives. The fourth chapter deals with translation strategies of C-E public signs in connection with principles, methods and the standardization for the translators, including modification, addition, omission and mutual transformation of affirmative and negative expressions. And the fifth chapter draws a conclusion to the paper，in which the author appeals for translators and scholars to make contributions to the C-E translation of public signs．CHAPTER II General Introduction to Public Signs2.1 Definition of Public SignsPublic Signs，which are usually called“signs”，include public notices，advertisements，slogans and expressions on the public signs．Public signs refer to “signs” in English and are defined in different ways.Ac cording to Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(1997)，a sign is a piece of paper, metal, or wood with words or a picture that gives information，warnings，or instructions.In that sense, public sign is the general terms for indicators，signs，traffic signs, posters, slogans, warning, short notices，short instructions，stickers，and are becoming the catch word and the buzzword．All in all, public signs are so widely used and played important roles in our daily life.2.2 Functions of Public SignsPublic signs are essential to the normal operation of the society and their influence is also visible in almost every aspect of our daily life．Sometimes，we have to admit that our lives cannot do without the proper guidance that public signs provide to us．However, what usually happens is that we are prone to be bewildered by various public signs and the enormous information they convey to us．Therefore, it would be necessary to classify the public signs in terms of their functions as well as the status of information that they deliver．2.2.1 Directing functionDirecting is the most basic function of public signs, t his type of public signs is used to give readers related information about what the institution is，what it deals with and what kind of service it can provide．For example:Take Away(外卖)，Gas Station(加油站),Emergency Exit(紧急出口),Business Hours(营业时间)，Pause(暂停)，Menu(菜单)，Airport Security(机场安检).From the examples above we may tell that the language and the tone of these public signs are generally neutral，reflecting no attitude towards receptors．Therefore，public signs of this kind are purely informative rather than vocative．2.2.2 Prompting functionPromoting signs are similar to the directive ones in their informative function. While the difference is the former ．carries the tone of warning，reminding the readers to pay some attention to certain things or activities．For example：Keep Clear(请保持清洁), Keep Silence(请保持安静),Wet Paint(油漆未干)，Fully Booked(客满)，Beware of Pickpockets(小心扒手)，Maximum Height(限高).2.2.3 Restricting functionPublic Signs with restricting function impose restriction or even prohibition on receptors.The language used in this kind of signs are simple and direct but are not in rude，tough or impolite way．We can list some of them as following：Pay In Cash(现金支付),Slow Out(减速慢行),Keep Silence(保持安静),30 Minutes Parking(限停30分钟),Seat By Number(对号入座), Stand In Line(排队等候).2.2.4 Compelling functionCompelling function is the strongest considerable mood.It is used to prohibit the readers to do something or must do something.The language used is usually forceful，with no possibility of making a compromise．The sign with this function which we mostly often see is“No Smoking禁止吸烟”，that is to say that smoking iscompletely forbidden．Imperative sentence is not enough to express this strong mood，usually, we use“No+…”form，for example，“No Food禁止携带食物”．More examples：Don’t Touch(禁止触摸),No Cameras(禁止拍照)，No Visitors(游客止步),No Trucks(卡车禁止通行),Dogs Not Allowed(禁止带狗入内).Translation of the public signs, translators not only need to grasp their function features since we use different mood to express different function,but also should keep their language features in mind during the translating.CHAPTER III Analysis on Problems in C-E Translation ofPublic Signs3.1 Linguistic translation problemsLinguistic translation errors are often due to deficiencies in the translator's source or target language competence (Nord 77).And in his book Pragmatics and English Language He Ziran explained that by making linguistic errors，the translators and interpreters fail to conform to the target language structures，instead they blindly translate the source text in their own language structures(157).Professor Wang Yinquan, classifies linguistic translation errors into: spelling mistakes, grammar mistakes and wrong diction (32).3.1.1 Spelling errorsSpelling errors are typical translation problems in bilingual public signs. The reasons for this type of errors attribute to the three factors: the incompetent language acquisition, the laziness of the translator when writing, the uncertainty of the correct spelling, among which the third type is most difficult to be identified. For example: 3.1.2 Grammatical errorsApart from spelling mistakes，many grammatical errors also occur in the translated signs．These errors appear in various forms，most of which result from the translator’s poor command of the English language or irresponsible working attitude．As a result，the translated public signs cannot be of any help to the target readers．Sometimes they may do damage the image of our city．For example: 室内停车场(Car Park)—It may be apparent to tell that the translator intends to use the word“park”as a noun to express the meaning of parking place for automobiles．However, as a noun the word actually means a public place wherepeople can entertain themselves with the landscape or public facilities in it．Therefore, it will be advisable to use the gerund form of the word “park”and translate it as“Indoor Parking”．3.1.3 Wrong dictionsWrong Dictions occur when t he translator doesn’t make right choices of words in the target culture that will lead to unsuccessful expression of the correct information to the target text receivers. In fact, many English words have more than one meaning. Sometimes one word used to describe the source culture may not be applicable in another situation and the diction is conditioned. The words chosen for each text might vary according to different semantic and syntactic features in different situations. For example:请勿采摘花朵--Please Don’t Pick Flowers. Here use“pick”to describe the gesture. In fact, there is a variety of expression in English corresponding with “摘”, of which one of the expressions is “pick”. But in the given circumstances, “pick”doesn’t equate with “摘”. “Pick”means to select among a variety of choices, but here the sender wants to persuade people not to pluck the flowers. The error is due to the confusion about the seemingly identical usage of one word.3.2 Cultural translation problemsAs we all know, people in different cultures may view the same thing in different ways and differ in the perspective of cognition．At the same time，they express the same idea in different way．As far as Chinese and English are concerned, culture differences are tremendous．Translation breaks down language barriers and thus realizes communication between cultures using different languages. In this sense, target readers approach to people of source culture whose beliefs, backgrounds, perception of the world are distinct from their own.For example:古装照相It is ancient to pack photo“古装照相”is a typical Chinese term. In English, people don’t have the correspondent term. According to the public signs translation convention, the signs which are composed of Chinese noun phrases are expected to have the same structure in English version, so the sentence is not correct in terms of the sentence structure. Also concerning the meaning of the sentence, it is wrongly translated that the foreigners can’t get the message which leads to the pragmatic failure of the assumed function. The correct version should be “Photos in ancient costume”.CHAPTER IV Strategies for C-E Public Signs Translation4.1 Principles of C-E translation of Public SignsAs we know, different functions need different language forms to convey and each language style possesses its special principles.Ni Chuanbin and Liu Zhi analyze the language principles of public signs in their essay“The Principles for C-E Translation of Public Signs and its Cases Study”，published in Shanghai Journal of Translators for Science and Technology(18)．Firstly, the signs are on a board，so the language on the signs should be in concise way due to the comparatively small space．Secondly, some public signs must draw the public’s attention at the first sight and the readers can catch its meaning very quickly and correctly, especially the traffic signs，such as“Abrupt Turn Left Ahead前方急转弯”，the applied words should be simple ones instead of rare ones．At last，the meaning of the signs should be clear and easy to read，the sign is set without ambiguity. So we can know the principles in details as following:4.1.1 ClearnessDue to the short time the target reader can spend on reading the signs the meaning of the signs should be clear and easy to be understood．As the target readers are the common people who have little knowledge related to the concerned topic，the signs should directly hit the point and there should exist no vagueness．“严禁客货混装Don’t put passengers and cargos together”. It is hazy and not clearness. So the sign“严禁客货混装”should be translated into“No passengers on Trucks”．The signs are set for the public and not every reader is professional，therefore when we translate signs，we should hit the point directly and clearly and should notjust talk around the bush.4.1.2 ConcisenessAccording to William Strunk，Jr．and E．B．White in 1979(Joan Pinkham)：“Vigorous writing is concise．A sentence should contain no unnecessary words，a paragraph no unnecessary sentences，for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts．”It is also true of language of public signs．Usually, the readers for public signs just give a quick look at the board with signs on when they pass by．So the language on it need not be in a complete sentence，a phrase or just a word is enough，for example，“No Smoking禁止吸烟”，“Open正在营业”，we need not use sentences“Please do not smoke”an“We are on business”.4.1.3 Simple wordsPublic Signs are set for the public，target readers of this kind of materials are ordinary people，not only the native English speakers，but also other foreigners who know a little English and English is not his mother language，and target readers also include overseas Chinese who is not a English native speaker．If the English version is full of rare words and expression，it will cause a pragmatic failure of communication for public signs．There is always a small restaurant at the airport to provide fast food for the passengers，the English tablet should be“Snacks”instead of“Refection”，the later one is not often be used nowadays and we cannot find it in the dictionaries published in recent years．Take all another example，“景区环境卫生，需要您的维护”，should we translate it into“Environmental Sanitation of the Scenic Spot Needs Your Conserve”? The words“sanitation”and“environmental”are not familial words for the public，we had better use“Keep Clear”or“No Littering”．From the above，in order to make target readers catch the meaning at first glance，we should use the concise，clear, simple words and expressions in C-E translation of public signs．4.2 Strategies of C-E translation of Public Signs4.2.1 ModificationGenerally speaking, it is always the case that the reader in the culture of the target language may not share the cultural background of the source language．Therefore，when dealing with culture-loaded words and idioms，the translator sometimes has to make cultural modification so as to generate the same feedback from the target text reader with that of the source text reader, and as for the translation of public signs, it is no exception．For examples：西湖的虎跑泉—Tiger Running Spring, in this public sign,the translator obviously take the actual meaning of the sign for granted by translating the word“虎跑”as“tiger running”which means that a tiger runs for the spring．4.2.2 AdditionSome public signs，especially signs at scenic spots，tend to include dynasties，legends or other cultural elements，while most foreign visitors lack the background knowledge of China．If the public signs are translated literally, the English versions may confuse the target readers．Thus we should adopt the translation strategy of addition to supply necessary information on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original public signs．For example：谢绝游客入内Closed To Visitors禁止在墙上涂写No Scribbling On The Wall4.2.3 OmissionDue to different aesthetic standards and cultures，Chinese writing tends to include flowery words，four-word phrases or some culture elements which are special to the Chinese culture．However, English writing pursues clear and simple expressions．In How to Help Foreigners Know China，Duan Liancheng holds a view that with the development of tourism in recent years，large numbers of brochures pamphlets and pictorials have been published for foreign tourists．A common weakness of these materials is full of flowery words and cultural elements of China which may confuse the target readers (Duan 286). So the translator should omit some adjectives or cultural elements which may pose barriers to the target readers．Then the English version will be easily understood by them．For example：1.Source Text：慢速行驶Version A：You must drive slowly．Version B：Drive slowly2.Source Text：前方学校Version A：There is a school ahead．Version B：School Ahead4.2.4 Mutual transformation of affirmative and negative expressionsMutual transformation of affirmative and negative expressions is a common strategy in translating the text of one language to the other．It is especially useful for transcending the translational difficulties due to different ways or habits of expressing ideas in Chinese and English．In translating public signs，mutual transformation of affirmative and negativeexpressions is necessary as well．In western countries especially in English—speaking countries，people tend to avoid using negative expressions in public literatures as much as possible in case that unpleasant emotion or feeling would be aroused on the part of the receptor．However, because of the difference in cultural values,negative expressions are more frequently used in Chinese public signs．Therefore，according to the theory of cultural translation, we should adopt the translational method of“Domestication”．For example: “社会车辆禁止入内”，it is a kind of negative expression in Chinese language. While it should be translated into “Staff Only” in English, it is affirmative.4.3 Requirement for the translatorsThe C-E translation of public signs is by no means an easy job and it requires that a translator be serious and accountable in attitude, and proficient in both the source and the target languages at the same time．A good translator should always bear in mind the features and characteristics of public signs.Only if the translators acquire the expertise in the source and target languages as well as the source and target cultures can they produce qualified versions. In addition, as for the making process of signs, the local governments should choose reliable and efficient sign-making units by means of bidding to undertake the job.And the translation should be tested in the foreigners to ensure the acceptability.Then a supervision organization in charge of public signs should be established to make sure that some common English versions are accurate and unified.CHAPTER V ConclusionBased on the previous discussions and analyses, the major findings of this study can be summarized as follow:Firstly, the linguistic translation problems account for the reasons for spelling, grammatical and wrong dictions problems. Translators should improve their language acquisition in dealing with the problems.Secondly, as to cultural problems, the translators are advised to adopt communicative translation. To be more specific, the translation strategies are adaptation, restructuring, semi-literal translation, etc.Thirdly, the C-E translation involves the principles and the methods. The principles include three points of clearness, conciseness and simple words. The translation takes place in a given situation or in another sense, the methods of C-E translation of public signs should be divided into four: modification, addition, omission and mutual transformation of affirmative and negative expressions.Actually, the problems of the translation of public signs are far more complicated than the thesis．The problems that have been discussed and proposed with strategies to are just a tiny tip of the whole iceberg．With the development of the society, it is sure that more and more public signs will come out by taking various forms，and new problems in translating them will turn up．Therefore，the classification of public signs and mistranslation, as well as the strategies for the betterment of the current status of sign translation, although the author attempts to let them be, are not all-inclusive and universally accurate. It is a long and hard way for us to go.AcknowledgementsI would like to express my heartfelt thanks to those who offered me their sincere support and encouragement in the process of my thesis writing．First of all, I’d like to give my sincere thanks to my teacher, Kangbing. She has given me valuable instructions on my study. Whenever I need her help, she always enthusiastically offers me. During the process of the completion of the thesis, from the researches chosen to be analyzed to the final composition, her patient and helpful instructions have benefited me a great deal. Her strict requirements have enabled me to learn how to do research work, and her kind encouragement have been supporting me to the end.Second, my true thanks also go to all the teachers who guide me in the field of business English.Finally, my family and friends give me great encouragement and support during the composition of the thesis. I’d like to send them my heartfelt thanks too.Work CitedBaker, Mona. Encyclopedia of Translation Studies[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004：104.Nida, Eugene A.&C. R. Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation[M]. Leiden:E.J. Brill, 1969：89-97.Nord, Christiane. Translating as a Purposeful Activity[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001：77.Pinkham John．The Translator’s Guide to Chinglish[M]．Beijing：Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000：99.Snell-Hornby, Marry. Translation Studies: an Integrated Approach[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001：267-271.Wilss，Wolfman．The Science of Translation-Problems and Methods[M]．Shanghai：Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001：125.包惠南.文化语境与语言翻译[M]. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司, 2002:78-86. 陈定安.英汉比较与翻译[M]. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司, 1988:271-275. 陈淑莹.标示语英译的语用失误探析[J]. 四川外语学院学报, 2006 ,1:117-120.戴宗显, 吕和发. 公示语汉英翻译研究---以2012年奥运会主办城市伦敦为例[J]. 中国翻译, 2005,6:38-42.何自然．语用学概论[M]．长沙：湖南教育出版社，1988:157.赖少华.浅谈公示语的翻译现状及对策----以广州地铁站公示语翻译为例[J].湖北广播电视大学学报, 2009,6:112-112.吕和发, 单丽平.汉英公示语词典[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2004:38．.倪传斌，刘治．标记语的英译原则及实例分析[J]．上海科技翻译, 1998,2:18-20.单爱民.谈英语公示用语的语言特点与汉英翻译[J]. 北京第二外国语学院学报, 2002,5:76-79.王晓娟. 从功能理论看公示语翻译---以南京城市公示语为例[J]. 湖北经济学院学报:人文社会科学版, 2008,4:119-120.。
从目的论角度看公示语的汉英翻译
从目的论角度看公示语的汉英翻译作者：赵越来源：《新课程学习·下》2015年第03期摘要：随着我国改革开放的不断深入，国际化进程的不断加快，我国各个城市内部的公示语汉英翻译越来越受到人们的关注，公示语的汉英翻译水平在一定程度上已经给整个城市的魅力值造成一定的影响。
从目的论的具体含义论述入手，分析了在目的论指导下的公示语汉英翻译，供相关人士参考，以更好地提升我国城市内部的公示语汉英翻译水平。
关键词：目的论；公示语；汉英翻译；角度分析公示语是指面向公众的提示、显示及指示，其内部含有与人们日常生活、生产等活动息息相关的内容。
同时，随着国内市场经济的不断发展，国内外国人士的不断增多，公示语在人们日常生活中扮演的角色将会越来越重要，其应用的范围也越来越广，所包含的内容也越来越丰富，在一定程度上已经成为人们日常生活及生产活动中必要的组成部分之一。
此外，随着公示语在大中型城市的广泛应用，城市内部的公示语在某种情况下已经组成了我国留于外国人士的第一印象。
因此，从目的论的角度看公示语的汉英翻译分析研究有着较大的理论和公示语汉英翻译实际意义。
一、目的论具体含义目的论在整个功能派翻译理论当中占据非常重要的地位，是整个功能派翻译理论的基础性理论。
其最早是由德国著名的翻译学家雷斯与付米尔于20世纪80年代提出，其在很大程度上摆脱了传统的等效翻译理论的对已英汉翻译的约束，以整个语言翻译的目的入手，将整个翻译工作放置于文化与理论相结合的环境当中，为整个世界内容各种语言之间全面地实现高效及准确的翻译起到了开辟性的作用。
在采用目的论进行翻译时，其将整个语言翻译的过程认知为一种跨文化交际的行为，整个翻译工作的目的就是为准确地实现跨文化的交际工作，这在很大程度上解决了长期的存在与翻译界意译与直译之间的矛盾。
在目的论翻译指导思想的指导下进行相关的翻译工作时应该严格握好语言翻译的语内连贯和语际连贯的原则，其强调在翻译过程中应从对方的语言习惯入手，不需要全面地按照忠实法则进行翻译。
公示语的汉英翻译
中国科技翻译 B S I T . K .K B I . T B .U; . B S T F G F V W; J L T K G L ; F J KX F Y J T L G
D 4 ( 5 ! R 5 T 4 5 ! E 2 ’ 5 # " " $
公示语的汉英翻译
动名词的使用 Q : G 动词、 限制性、 强制性、 表示 “动态” 意义的公示语 大量使用动词、 动名词， 将公众的注意力集中在 要求公众采取的行动上。如 S $ $ " / $ . ) $保持 67 安静、 7 / = D 减速行驶、 < =E & ? * " . < = >严禁停车、 严禁随地吐痰、 严禁狗 7 " , , " . < =F = = = " . 6 > >E 6 > 便等。 短语的使用 Q : Q 词组、 动词短语、 名词短语大量应用于公示语， 其 结构简短， 易于识别， 如现在营业、 $ .< = D 6 J 3 $ ) *H .入住登记、 F ? " # $ T " .J " . $ 2 &汽车影院、 值班经理、 F I , & . & $ ? ! & 2 $O $ B $ ? # $野生动 ’A > 物保护区、 A $ , $ ?E & ? * " . >记时收费停车场等。 缩略语的应用 Q : ; 公众和旅游者最常接触和使用的公共设施 和服务的公示语会使用缩略语显示， 一目了然， 如H 国内直播、 国际直播、 旅游咨询、 F F F F F " E停车场、 P R @ 餐饮服务、 N 4 C 青年旅舍、 B U 广场、 中 心、 贵 宾 候 机 室、 ) . , ? V H E7 I " , $ L < ( F $ & ? , 2 $ . ,耳鼻喉科等。 6 严格禁用生僻词汇 Q : W 英语公示语的词汇选择非常重视公众化， 严格避免使用生僻词语、 古语、 俚语、 术语， 如： （厕所） < =8 " , , $ ? " . ) ) I " $ 5 >请勿乱扔废弃物、 6 有人、 绕 行、 小 心 易 碎、 F $ , = I ? P ? & " / $ E ? " # & , $ > （航班） 延误等。 E & ? * " . F $ / & $ 5 >专用车位、 ’ Q : 0 现在时态的应用 公示语给予所处特定区域范围的公众以现 实行为的指示、 提示、 限制、 强制， 为此， 时态应 用仅限于现在时， 如： S $ $ ? ! " # $ 6F ’ 保持干燥、 公 交 优 先、 ’ % & =@ I B $ B F = . ,F ? " # $% 3 $ . ’( ( " ? $ 5 严 禁 疲 劳 驾 驶、 E ? = , $ ) ,C & " . B ,4 $ & ,怕 > 热、 P & B , $ .N = I ?7 $ & ,@ $ / ,系好安全带等。 Q : X 祈使句的使用 由于外出或旅游的公众多是行色匆匆， 公 示语针对的目标公众又是明确的， 所以公示语 便避免了程式化的客套， 大量应用祈使句， 如： F =< = ,F " B , I ? Y 请勿打扰、 S $ $ K K( 3 $! ? & B B 6勿踏草坪、 小心轻放、 4 & . 5 / $% " , 3J & ? $ @ $ D & ? $ E $ 5 $ B , ? " & . B注意行人等。 Q : Z 规范性和标准性语汇 由于公示语在公众和旅游者生活中的重要 性， 任何歧意、 误解都会导致不良后果。与日常 生活相关的英语公示语都是多年实际使用形成 的规范和标准表达语汇， 如： ( D =% & ’ 双向行
公示语的语言特点与汉英
九、词汇简洁，措辞精确
PASSENGERS ONLY →送客止步 DANGER →危险 LOCKER ROOM →更衣室 WASHING BAY →洗车场 OPEN NOW →现在营业
KEEP AWAY FROM FOOD AND FEED→ 切勿接近食物和饲料 ADMISSION FREE →免票入场 BEVERAGE NOT INCLUDED
公示语的语言特点与汉英翻译
主讲 朱健平
1．什么是公示语（Public Signs ）
公示语是指给公众在公众场合看的文字语言。 与公示语意义相近的语汇包括“标志语”、“标 识语”、“标示语”、“标语”等。 标志语与标志结合，广泛应用于和交通、旅游、 运输等公共领域； 标示语在 IT 行业已经被广泛接纳，几乎成为这个 行业的语言分支； 标识语属于市场营销，广告促销中的推广语，经 常和企业标识使用； 标语则是人们比较熟悉的公益性、政治性、宣传 性的文字语言。
6．公示语的汉英翻译
1.基本原则：公示语具有严格的规范性 和标准性，汉语公示语英译时最好是一 对一的置换。 2.翻译中国特有的公示语时，首先应考 虑是否需要翻译。如“小心扒手”， “商品售出，不退不换”，“违者罚 款”。
3.有些公示语可能暂时需要，以后会淘汰。 严禁赌博→ NO GAMBLING 严禁卖淫嫖娼→ NO COMMERCIAL SEX 收费厕所→ PAY TOILET 严禁随地吐痰 → NO SPITTING
11．闲人免进 →No Admittance 12．禁止鸣喇叭 →No Honking 13．免费通行 →Toll Free 14．禁止超车 →Do Not Pass 15．禁止掉头 →No U Turn
公示语集锦 中英互译、翻译权威词汇
公示语集锦——2005年夏英国伦敦实地采集译协编辑1. 为了公众利益和环境保护机动车停驶时请关闭引擎 IN THE INTEREST OF THE PUBLIC AND THEENVIRONMENT PLEASE SWITCH OFF YOUR ENGINE WHILST STATIONARY2. 请沿站台过往 Pass along the platform please3. 门票在检票处免费索取如需帮助，请找工作人员。
5:30停止入园。
Tickets are FREE from the admissionsdesk Please ask a member of staff if you require assistance. Last Admission 5:304. 请注意此门开关费力 Please be aware that the door is difficult to open and close.5. 请在乘车前购买好车票 Please buy your ticket before you board the train6. 乘车前请购票违规者必罚款（至少20镑） Please buy your ticket before you travel, otherwise you may have to pay a Penalty Fare (at least £20).7. 狗便后请清理 PLEASE CLEAN UP AFTER YOUR DOG8. 请随手关门谢 PLEASE CLOSE BEHIND YOU.THANK YOU.9. 出入请将门关严 Please close this gate securely on entry and exit10. 找寻自行车支架请查阅站区图或请教车站工作人员 Please consult the station map or a member of staff for location of cycle racks.11. 请勿将设备或垃圾置留区内 PLEASE DO NOT LEAVE EQUIPMENT OR RUBBISH WITHIN THIS AREA12.请勿在此停车PLEASE DO NOT PARKHERE.13. 请勿将其它类别的塑料投入此筒/箱 Please DO NOT put other types of plastics in the bin.14. 请勿移动任何可疑物品 PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE ANY SUSPICIOUS DEVICES.15. 请从另端进入 Please enter at other end.16. 请按门票所示线路参观 PLEASE FOLLOW THE VISITOR ROUTE INDICATED ON YOUR GUIDE TICKET17. 请将机票或登机牌准备好接受安检 Please have your ticket or boarding card ready for inspection.18. 请协助确保列车准点运行 Please help to run trains on time19. 请协助我们保持站区清洁。
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城市公示语的汉英翻译
在全球化的今天，中国城市公示语大多采用了中英两种语
言，但其英文翻译质量却令人担忧。
公示语的英文翻译不是一种摆设，它们不仅为在中国的外国人提供方便和帮助，也是展示在外国人面前的一张张城市的名片，其翻译质量直接影响到我们在国际上的形象。
因此本文通过对城市公示语汉英翻译存在的问题进行分析总结，并重提公示语的翻译原则，从而对公示语汉英翻译提供理论上的指导。
、城市公示语汉英翻译存在的常见错误
1.公示语信息被缺省
在实际的翻译过程中，译者的因素使译文缺省了一些必要信息，从而导致整个公示语译文版本信息不足。
例如，动物园里经
常见到不同的动物馆，像虎馆，狮馆，狼馆等。
其英文翻译大多
都是“ tiger, lion, wolf ”。
译文中就少了一个必要的”馆字，很容易让外国人产生误解。
外国人可能会认为此标示传达的是“小心老虎，此处有虎”或者是其它的意思等。
2.公示语原意被歪曲
相对于公示语译文的信息缺省，公示语原意被歪曲的错误就更为严重，它直接导致了公示语原文与译文指令的截然不同，从而给人造成更大的困惑和误解。
例如，一机动车停车场出口的旁边挂着一个牌子，上面写着“出口”，其英文被翻译为
Export ”。
其实这是” Exit ”的误用， 外国人肯定百思不得其 解，此处出口什么？ 出口汽车吗？
3. 译文语气使用不当
公示语的语气也非常重要， 但是很多公示语英语译文就没 有很好地传达原文的语气， 从而导致语气不当， 或太强或太弱， 因而达不到最佳的公示效果。
例如， 在很多服务场所经常看到
贵客止步“的提示，其英文翻译很多情况下被处理成了 ” 等， 这些英文翻 only. ” 才更为妥当。
4. 译文术语搭配不当
由于译者对一些固定术语搭配结构不熟悉， 公示语英语译文 不能达到预期效果， 从而可能导致对公示语的误解。
例如“留学 生公寓”被英译为了“ Foreign Stude nts Dormitory
Building ”， 或许在过去还可以接受， 但是随着时代的变化它已 经过时，继续使用就显的不合时宜。
正确译文应该为 International Students Building ”。
这样的例子比比皆是， 例如“眼科医院”( Eye Hospital )，正确术语应该为
Ophthalmology Hospital ”等。
5. 原文与译文文化冲突
由于译者在翻译的过程中没有考虑到不同民族之间的文化
差异性，从而导致了公示语原文与译文之间的文化冲突。
Guests stop. 译语气过于生硬， 没法传递原文中的礼貌，其实译为 Staffs
二、城市公示语翻译的特点和原则
城市公示语是指在公共场所展示的文字， 具有特殊的交际功 能，以及提供信息和完成指令的作用。
具体而言，路标、广告、 商品说明书、旅游指南、社会宣传、告示等都是公示语。
公示语 具有三种主要功能：提示功能、指令功能、参照功能。
城市公示 语的翻译必须要考虑到它的功能， 只有了解了其具体功能才能提 供切合需要的译文。
下面就根据公示语的功能来探讨一下其语言 特点和翻译原则。
1. 提示功能。
公示语的提示功能就是通过其提供的信息使人
功能的公示语翻译用词要委婉、 简明，而且句式多样。
例如：“丢
失物品店方概不负责”( Mmanagement not responsible for 品，倘若出现丢失，店方不负责任。
既然告知了可能出现的后果， 所以执行与否全由顾客决定。
2. 指令功能。
公示语的指令功能是指用其信息来指导人们的
行为，往往具有十分明显的强制效果。
具有指令功能的公示语翻 译用词简洁有力，句型结构单一，常常使用祈使句，“ no ”
forbidden ” 等具有否定含义的词汇也常常出现在译文中。
例 如：“请勿吸烟” (No smoking) 等。
3. 参照功能。
公示语的参照功能是指人们通过其参考性信息
们明白应该怎样做，或怎样做符合规定。
这种提示不具有强制
性，人们可以根据实际情况来选择执行或不执行，
因此具有这种 articles lost or stolen
)此公示语提示顾客要保管好个人物
可以明确自己的方位，行为方式或目的等。
这类公示语并不直接传达规则或强制信息，人们可以根据实际各取所需，有目的地获取公示语提供的信息。
具有参照功能的公示语翻译用词多为名词性词组。
例如：“机场安检” (Airport security) 只对需要
安检的乘客具有参照功能，明确告知他们的具体方位，而对其他人不具有任何意义。
又如：“行李提取处” (Ba ggage claim) 等
综上所述，针对城市公示语汉英翻译存在的问题，本文
首先找出并分析了问题，然后寻找解决的办法，用理论指导实践，根据其不同功能来分析公示语语言特点和翻译原则，希望能够引起更多人们的关注，从而改善公示语的汉英翻译质量。