Level 3 Chapter 6
Chapter 6 语言学Language Processing in Mind-T
Chapter VI Language Processing in MindIntroductionWhy study language? LANGUAGE is a mirror of the mind in a deep and significant sense. It is a product of human intelligence, created anew in each individual by operations that lie far beyond the reach of will or consciousness. (Chomsky, Reflections on Language, 1975)Psycholinguistics is the study of “language and mind” , or to be more exact, can perhaps be glossed as the storage, comprehension, production and acquisition of language in any medium (spoken or written). PSYCHOLINGUISTICS is concerned primarily with investigating the psychological reality of linguistic structures. Less modestly, it sometimes also produces findings, which make their own mark on linguistic research, leading to the modification of theoretical ideas.PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAG语言心理学deals with more general topics such as the extent to which language shapes thought,PSYCHOLOGY OF COMMUNICATION 交际心理学includes non-verbal communication such as gestures and facial expressions.A possible divide within psycholinguistics is of those who style themselves COGNITIVE PSYCHOLINGUISTS are concerned above all with making inferences about the content of the human mindEXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLINGUISTS are somewhat more concerned with empirical matters, such as speed of response to a particular word.In practice the two schools of thought often overlap, but extreme supporters of each way of thinking sometimes perceive the gap as being a large one.Major strands of psycholinguistic research:and acquisition language.Section one: Language ComprehensionQ1: What is language comprehension?Q2: What is mind? brain/thinking processQ3: How do you understand language?Language comprehension: How do people use their knowledge of language and how do they understand what they hear or read?(includes both text comprehension and speech comprehension, either of which involves several processes. It is important for the reader or listener to take account of the grammatical structure and the meaning of what is being presented. Meaning is extracted from text or speech by reliant what is presented to information stored in long-term memory. )1. Word recognition is the first step in understanding any message, which includes not only the recognition of meanings of the words, but also the information that determines the syntactic structure of the rest of the sentence.How do we recognize words?Cohort theory集群理论: hypothesizes that auditory word recognition begins with the formation of a group of words at the perception of the initial sound and proceeds sound by sound with the cohort of words decreasing as more sounds are perceived.Factors affect word recognition:Frequency effect频率效应:Recency effect 近期效应：Context 语境: semantic association network: which represents the relationships between various semantically related words.2. Lexical ambiguityTwo theories used to distinguish ambiguous words:a)All the meanings associated with the word are accessedAll meanings of ambiguous words are accessed and time has to be taken to decide among them.b)Only one meaning is accessed initiallyFrequency and context effects are important here.3. Syntactic processingPsycholinguists generally assume that the syntactic structure is built as soon as possible rather than waiting to see what the whole string of word is before deciding what structure it has.Sentence ambiguity may occur due toa)The ambifuity of individual words and the different possible ways that words canbe fit into phrasesb)The ambiguous catefory of some of the words in the sentenceGarden path花园小径：a phenomenon concerning certain ambiguous sentences. Garden path sentences are sentences that are initially interpreted with a different structure than they actually have.How do people decide which structure an ambiguous sentence has in sentence processing?Minimal attachment theory最小接触理论: an idea that people initially construct the simplest (or least complex) syntactic structure when interpreting the structure of sentences.Other analysis: such as the one based on pragmatic plausibility.4. Semantic and sentence memoryMemory representations are not syntactic under certain conditions (see the experiment P202, which indicate that the syntactic details of linguistic material are not usually stored for very long and that it is a representation of a sentence’s meaning which a subject has available in his memory under normal circumstances.) Assimilation theory: emphasis on the importance of background knowledge in “normal”situations where we might memorize linguistic material.5. Basic process in readinga)Eye movement: information is obtained from the text only during fixationsand not at all during saccades.(P204)b)The perceptual span感知时距：the range of letters from which usefulinformation is extracted.c)The immediacy assumption即时假定：A reader is supposed to carry out theprocesses required to understand each word and its relationship to previouswords in the sentence as soon as that word is encountered.Section Two Discourse话语/text语篇InterpretationQ1. What is schemata and reference drawing?Q2. What is text interpretation?Introduction:Discourse serves as a context, affecting sentence and word-level interpretation, tipping the interpretation of what would otherwise be ambiguous words or phrases in a certain direction.a)General context effects: occur all the time when our generalknowledge about the world influences language comprehension.b)Specific context effects: involve information obtained from earlierparts of a discourse.1.Schemata 图式and inference drawing推论Schemata: packets of stored knowledge, whicha)can vary considerably in the information they contain. from the verysimple to the very complexb)are frequently organized hierarchically; for example, in addition toa rather general restaurant schema or script, we probably also havemore specific restaurant schemata for different kinds ofrestaurant(e.g. fat-food places, up-market French restaurants, andson on).c)operate in a top-down or conceptually driven way to facilitateinterpretation of environmental stimuli.Inference drawing: Language comprehension frequently requires us to go far beyond the literal meanings of the sentences we read or her. Essential information is often only implied. So that it is necessary to draw inferences in order to understand fully what is intended.The inferences which people draw are stored in long-term memory along with information about the sentences actually presented (Bransford, Barclay. And Franks,1972)2.Story structure:Our comprehension of and memory for stories are highly “ selective”, inthe sense that we focus on the central theme of the story rather than onthe relatively unimportant details. According to Van Dijik and Kintsch(1983), a story is first of all processed so that the individual propositionsare extracted (theory of story processing). The propositions of a storyenter into a short-term working buffer of limited capacity. When thebuffer contains a number propositions, the reader or listener tries torelate them to each other in a coherent fashion . In general terms,subsequent ability to remember the propositions depends on the length oftime they spend in the working buffer. Those propositions which arehighly relevant to the main theme of a story tend to be stored for arelatively long time in the working buffer. Therefore, thematicinformation should be better remembered than non-thematic information.Section Three Language ProductionQ1. What is Language production?Q2. What are the means of Language production?Language production: is very definitely a goal-driven activity, in the sense that people speak and write in order to make friends, influence people, convey information, and so on, which include two forms of production, namely, speech production and writing.1.speech productionAccording to Garrett (1976; 1984), there are altogether 5 different levels ofrepresentation involved in speaking a sentence, and they occur in the following sequence:1)The message-level representation2)The functional-level representation3)The positional-level representation4)The phonetic-level representation5)The articulatory-level representationErrors which may support that notion that speakers engage in reasonableelaborate planning before beginning to speak:Spoonererism首音互换/slip of the tongue舌头打滑): the initial letter orletters of two words are transposedAnticipation error预期错误: occur when a word is spoken earlier in thesentence than it should be: (the school is at school)Exchange error交换错误：two items within a sentence are swapped. (this isthe happiest life of my day).The following error prove the sequence of 2nd and 3rd proposed byGarrett:(speakers decide on the grammatical structure of a proposedutterance in the functional-level representation, and then select theappropriate words to fit into that structure in the subsequent position-levelrepresentation)Morpheme-exchange errors: in which roots or basic forms of two words areswitched leaving the grammatical structure unchanged. (He has alreadytrunked two packs)2.Written languageAccording to Hayes and Flower (1986), writing essentially consists of threeinter-related processes:1)The planning process2)The sentence generation process3)The revision processQ: What are the factors that influence or determine the quality of the writingplan? (relevant knowledge about the topic to be written about, strategicknowledge: knowledge of the methods used in construction a writing plan inorder to make it coherent and well-organized)Q: Who use the following writing strategies respectively, knowledge-tellingstrategy and knowledge-transforming strategy?knowledge-telling strategy: simply write down everything children can thinkof tht is relevant to a topic without organizing the information in any way(Scardamalia and Bereiter, 1987)knowledge-transforming strategy: involves focusing on potential problemswithin the planning process ( Are the main points arranged in the mostlogical order”)Here are some more examples of garden path sentences. Can you figure out what the structure of these sentences is?1.The boat floated downstream sank.2.While Mary was mending the sock fell off her lap.3.The daughter of the King’s son admires himself.。
医学英语Chapter 6_Obesity Causes and Prevention
《当代医学·英语综合教程 II—关注健康》
catastrophic a. 悲惨的，灾难的
wage v.
开展，进行
adaptive a. 适应的，适合的
prescriptive a. 规定的，惯例的
gastric a. 胃的
bypass n. 旁路
morbid a. 病态的
obese a.
过度肥胖的
Obesity and Social Ties
《当代医学·英语综合教程 II—关注健康》
Chapter 6
When one person gains weight, their close friends often follow. Researchers have just (1)_o_f_f_e_re_d__ evidence in a study that says obesity appears to (2) _s_p_re_a_d__ through social ties. But the findings might also offer hope.
lipid n.
类脂（化合）物
execute v.
实施，执行
havoc n.
大破坏，浩劫
undernourished a. 营养不足的
《当代医学·英语综合教程 II—关注健康》
Chapter 6
strategically ad. exertion n. sedentary a. winch n. casket n.
《当代医学·英语综合教程 II—关注健康》
Chapter 6
obese. A sister or brother of a person who became obese had a 40 percent increased chance of becoming obese. The (10) _ri_s_k___ for a wife or husband was a little less than that.
《雾都孤儿》阅读思考题参考答案和梗概范文
Level 4 Oliver Twist <Answer Key>Chapter 1Preview questions1.I think Oliver was born into a poor family.2.I think Oliver will ask for some food.3.I think Oliver’s first job will be working on a farm.Review questions1.Poor people with no jobs lived in workhouses.2.Mr. Bumble, the beadle, gave Oliver his name.3.The board decided to give the people in workhouses less food because they thought people in workhouseswere getting too much food, and that by giving them less, they would leave the workhouse and find jobs. I do not think it is right to starve people by giving them less food. It is better to give them education and training to help them find jobs.Chapter 2Preview questions1.I would not like to sleep in a room full of coffins because I would be very scared.2.I think Oliver will not stay with Mr. Sowerberry, because at Mr. Sowerberry’s house he had to eat dogfood and sleep in a room full of coffins.3.I think it is not good to give money to beggars. It is better to give money to charity organizations that canhelp the beggars.Review questions1.Oliver hit Noah Claypole because Noah said bad things about his mother.2.The beadle explained Oliver’s behavior by saying the Sowerberry’s had given Oliver too much good foodwhich had made Oliver believe he was someone special.3.It took Oliver seven days to walk to London.Chapter 3Preview questions1.I think Oliver is in danger because he is all alone in the big city of London.2.I think the Artful Dodger made friends with Oliver because he is a friendly boy and he could see thatOliver needed some help.3.I think Fagin will look after Oliver by giving him food and a place to sleep, but he will also take advantageof Oliver.Review questions11.The Artful Dodger and Charley Bates did not make things. They stole wallets and handkerchiefs frompeople in the street.2.The man at the bookshop was sitting outside reading a book.3.The people chased Oliver because they thought he was the thief.Chapter 4Preview questions1.I think the lady in the picture is Oliver’s mother.2.I think Fagin will be very angry about Oliver’s disappearance, and will blame the Artful Dodger andCharley Bates.3.I think Fagin will find Oliver and will take him back to the dirty house.Review questions1.Nancy found out what had happened to Oliver by pretending to be his sister and asking questions abouthim at the police station.2.Mr. Grimwig did not really think Oliver was a bad boy. He just liked to argue with his friend.3.Fagin found out which house Oliver was in when the man who had bought Oliver’s old clothes hadshowed them to Fagin.Chapter 5Preview questions1.I think Mr. Brownlow will try to find Oliver, but Fagin will play a trick so that Mr. Brownlow cannot findhim.2.I think Nancy will try to help Oliver because she feels sorry for him.3.It could be right to steal something from a bad person if it would help a good person.Review questions1.To try and get Oliver back, Mr. Brownlow put a notice in the newspaper saying he would pay five poundsto anyone with information about Oliver.2.Mr. Bumble told Mr. Brownlow that Oliver was a bad boy. He said his parents were criminals, he wasnever happy with what he had, and he ran away after trying to murder a man who was kind to him.3.Sikes needed Oliver to help him because Sikes needed a small boy to get into the house through a window,and open the door to let Sikes in.Chapter 6Preview questions1.Sikes will not use his gun on Oliver because he needs Oliver to get into the house for him.22.I think Oliver will agree to help Sikes burgle the house because he will be very scared that Sikes will shoothim.3.I think the burglary will be successful.Review questions1.When Oliver got into the house, he planned to wake the people living there and tell them thieves weretrying to steal from them.2.Oliver was bleeding because he got pulled through a broken window.3.Mr. Bumble kissed Mrs. Corney.Chapter 7Preview questions1.I think Oliver will be sick for a long time and Bill Sikes will try to leave him in a workhouse.2.I think when Fagin hears that the burglary failed; he will be very angry and try to kill Bill Sikes.3.I think Mr. Bumble and Mrs. Corney will keep the gold that Old Sally had stolen from Oliver’s mother. Review questions1.Monks is Fagin’s criminal friend.2.I do not think Mr. Bumble loves Mrs. Corney. He wants to marry her because of her money.3.The servants in the house were brave because they fought back against the burglars. When they wereoutside, they were not brave. They felt frightened and decided to go back to the house.Chapter 8Preview questions1.I think the doctor will help Oliver more than the police.2.I think Oliver will get into trouble with the police because he was with a group of burglars when he gotshot.3.I don’t think you can really be a criminal when you are only ten years old. For example, Oliver is not a badperson. He had bad circumstances.Review questions1.Mr. Losberne tried to frighten and confuse Giles and Brittles by asking them angrily if they were sureOliver was the boy they had shot. He did this because he believed Oliver’s story, and wanted to help him.2.Giles did shoot someone. He shot Oliver, but he thought he hadn’t shot anyone.3.Mr. Brownlow’s house was empty because he and his housekeeper, as well as Mr. Brownlow’s friend, hadgone to the West Indies six weeks earlier.Chapter 9Preview questions1.Oliver is not safe yet. I think Fagin will come looking for him again.32.I think the two ladies in the house will try to keep Oliver.3.Happiness can last forever, but we must also feel sad sometimes.Review questions1.Oliver did not really see Fagin at the window. There were no footprints or any other evidence that Faginand the tall man had really been at the window.2.Rose said that she could not marry Harry because nobody knew how her mother and father were. Shethought this would cause trouble for Harry and make them both unhappy.3.I think Rose is right to be worried about this. However, if Harry said he loved her and didn’t care aboutthat problem, I think Rose should listen to him and marry him.Chapter 10Preview questions1.I think Mr. Bumble will not be happy when he is married because he did not marry for love.2.I think Mrs. Bumble will not tell her husband what Old Sally told her. I think she will keep the gold forherself.3.I think Mr. Bumble will meet Fagin.Review questions1.I think Mr. Bumble was not right. I think men and women should listen to each other and work together.2.Mrs. Bumble gave Monks a small bag containing a gold locket with two pieces of hair in it, and a goldwedding ring w ith a date and the word ‘Agnes’ written on it.3.Monks put a heavy stone into the little bag and then dropped it in to the river.Chapter 11Preview questions1. A man should not hit a woman. It is better to solve problems by talking about them.2.Criminals can be good to each other sometimes, if they like each other very much.3.I think Nancy will get away from Sikes by killing him.Review questions1.Sikes wanted Nancy to bring the money because he did not trust the Artful Dodger.2.Nancy knew where to find Rose because she heard Monks tell Fagin where Rose and Oliver were staying.3.Na ncy did love Sikes. She couldn’t leave him.Chapter 12Preview questions1.Noah will not become a successful criminal, because Noah is cruel and stupid.2.Mr. Brownlow will find Monks.43.I think Nancy will keep her promise to be on the bridge, and they will be able to ask her where to findMonks.Review questions1.‘Lagged’ means that a criminal will be sent to Australia as punishment for a crime.2.Fagin said the best way to look after yourself was to look after your friends. This is a good idea because ifyou help your friends, they can help you when you are in trouble.3.Mr. Brownlow wanted to meet Monks so that he could find out more about Oliver’s past.Chapter 13Preview questions1.I think the story will have a happy ending. I think Oliver will get to live with Mr. Brownlow.2.I think the police will catch Sikes and put him in jail.3.I think Harry and Rose will marry and live happily ever after.Review questions1.Mr. Brownlow knew Monks because Mr. Brownlow had been best friends with Monks’ father and hadbeen going t o marry Monks’ aunt.2.Sikes died by falling off the roof of a building and hanging himself.3.Rose was Oliver’s aunt.Level 4 Oliver Twist < Summaries >Chapter 1Oliver was born in a workhouse. Nobody knew who his father was and his mother died soon after Oliver was born. He was raised in an orphanage, where he was always hungry. When he was nine years old, he went back to the workhouse. He got even hungrier, and asked for more gruel. The board was shocked and tried to get rid of him by offering five pounds to anyone who would take him to be an apprentice. He is apprenticed to an undertaker.Chapter 25Oliver did well at the undertaker’s shop, but then g ot into a fight with a boy who said bad things about his mother. Everybody was against Oliver and he decided to run away. He went past Mrs. Mann’s house and sa id goodbye to an old friend and then walked to London. This took seven days. He met the Artful Dodger who took him to Fagin’s home, where Oliver ha d food and drink and soon fell asleep.Chapter 3Oliver saw Fagin looking at jewels in a hidden box. He thought that The Artful Dodger and Charley Bates made wallets and handkerchiefs. He spent many days working in the house unpicking marks on handkerchiefs. He saw Fagin and the boys playing a game. Finally, he is allowed to go out with them. He saw them steal a handkerchief from a gentleman. He was caught by the police, but they let him go when they realize that he did not steal the handkerchief. He became very sick, and was taken home by Mr Brownlow, the man whose handkerchief The Artful Dodger stole. He was cared for until he was better. Mr Brownlow was surprised to see that he looked exactly like a picture of a lady on the wall of his house.Chapter 4Fagin was angry because Oliver was captured by the police. He worried that Oliver would talk about him and the boys. His friend Bill Sikes arrived and they argued. Nancy went to the police station and found out what happened to Oliver. They decided they had to get him back. Oliver was looked after by Mr Brownlow and saw a picture of a lady he liked. Mr Brownlow was surprised because Oliver looked exactly like the picture. He asked Oliver to tell him his story, but a friend arrives and they had tea. They sent Oliver to the bookshop on an errand. Nancy saw him and brought him back to Fagin and the boys.Chapter 5Mr Bumble went to London and saw a notice in the newspaper. He went to see Mr Brownlow and told him how bad Oliver was, and got a five pound reward. Mr Brownlow said he did not want to hear Oliver’s name again, although Mrs Bedwin still believed that Oliver was good. Oliver was locked up by Fagin and gradually became friendlier with the boys. Sikes needed a boy to help with a burglary and Fagin said Oliver could help. Nancy brought Oliver to Sikes’s house and they went to burgle the house.Chapter 6Bill Sikes took Oliver on a long trip to a house where he met two men. One of the men went with Sikes and Oliver to break into and burgle a house. Oliver realized what they wanted him to do and decided to tell the owners of the house, rather than help the thieves. Before he could do that, the owners found him in the house and shot him. Sikes rescued him from the house and carried him away. Meanwhile, Mr Bumble went to visit the matron of the workhouse; a widow called Mrs. Corney. He kissed her, but she is called away to listen to an6old woman tell a secret. She told Mrs. Corney that she stole something gold from Oliver’s mother and that this would help Oliver discover his mother’s name.Chapter 7Toby told Fagin that the burglary failed and that they left Oliver in a ditch. Fagin was very angry and rushed out. He talked to Nancy and then to a man called Monks. They hoped that Oliver was not dead. Monks thought that he saw a woman listening to them talk. Mr Bumble decided to marry Mrs Corney. Oliver woke up and went back to the house he tried to burgle. A young lady and her aunt lived in the house and they looked after him.Chapter 8Rose and her aunt, Mrs Maylie, saw Oliver and did not believe that he was a criminal. They asked the doctor to help them save him. The doctor helped Oliver, and then he tried to frighten Giles and Brittles. He made them doubt whether this was the boy in the burglary. Two police officers arrived from London and they looked at everything and talked to everyone. The doctor saved Oliver by telling them that he was hurt in an accident and that the servants were wrong to think he was in the burglary. The police officers believed him and went away. Oliver gradually got better and the doctor took him to see Mr. Brownlow. On the way, Oliver saw the house where Sikes and Toby took him, and the doctor goes into it. It did not look the same as Oliver’s description.An angry short man shouted at the doctor and saw Oliver in the carriage. They got to London but Mr. Brownlow was not there. He had gone to the West Indies. They returned home. Mrs. Maylie and Rose took Oliver for a three month stay in the country. They were all very happy there.Chapter 9Mrs Maylie, Rose and Oliver stayed in the country until summer. Rose became ill and they thought she would die. Harry Maylie came to see her, and she got better. Oliver bumped into a strange old man at the village hotel, and later he saw him again. He was looking at Oliver through the window of the house, and Fagin was with him. He shouted for help and everybody searched for the two men, but they couldn’t find them. Harry asked Rose to marry him, but she refused. She said that she had a mark against her name because of her mother, and that she did not want to prevent Harry from being an important man. Harry left, but made Oliver promise to write to him about Rose.Chapter 10Mr Bumble was now the workhouse manager. He fought with his new wife, and she won. He was laughed at by the people in the workhouse. He met Monks and told him that he knew the woman who knew Old Sally’s secret. They arranged to meet the next night. Mrs Bumble told Monks about Sally’s death and g ave him a locket and a wedding ring that she got from the pawnbroker after Sally died. Monks threw the items in the river.7Chapter 11Bill Sikes was sick, and Nancy looked after him. Fagin and the boys brought him some food. Nancy listened to a conversation between Fagin and Monks, and decided to visit Rose Maylie. She told her that Monks was Oliver’s brother. She promise d to be on London Bridge every Sunday between eleven and twelve o’clock. Oliver found Mr. Brownlow, who agreed to help Rose and the doctor find out about Oliver’s parents. They decided to talk to Nancy. Noah Claypole and Charlotte stole money from Mr Sowerberry and ran away to London. Fagin found them and said he would help them become criminals.Chapter 12Fagin began to teach Noah how to be a criminal. The police caught The Artful Dodger and he went to court. Nancy tried to go to London Bridge on Sunday night, but Sikes locked her up and stopped her. Fagin thought Nancy had a new friend and told Noah to follow her and find out who he was. He follows her to London Bridge and listened to her meeting with Rose and Mr. Brownlow. Mr. Brownlow wanted to talk to Monks. Nancy described him to Mr Brownlow. He thought he knew the man. Noah ran back and told Fagin what he heard.Chapter 13Fagin told Sikes what Nancy did. Sikes was so angry that he murdered Nancy and ran away. The police took Fagin to jail. Sikes returned to London and tried to hide with some old friends. The police found him and he accidentally killed himself while trying to escape. Fagin was hanged. Mr. Brownlow found Monks and made him tell the truth. Oliver was Monks’s half brother, and should have a lot of money. Monks tried to keep it a secret. Mr. Brownlow was Monks’ father’s friend, so he kn ew the story. They discovered that Rose was Oliver’s aunt. Harry Maylie marrie d Rose, and they all lived happily ever after.8。
Chapter3习语和四字格的翻译
五.借用英语中的同义习语
英语里有一些习语和汉语的一些习语采用相同或相似的形象或比喻，表达相同或相似的喻意，可以借用英语同义习语来翻译。
What is most detestable is that all my colleagues in the bank call me a blind old fool behind my back because I have engaged anuneducatedthirdrater as my assistant.
(1)粗枝大叶
粗枝大叶为联合结构，字面意义是，枝子很粗，叶子很大，很不精细。通常当马虎大意和粗心大意使用。
thick branches and broad leaves;
(in doing things,) do not take due care;
careless or carelessly
(2)闻所未闻
闻所未闻为动宾结构，字面意义是听到了从未听到过的，通常用于指事理或论述的新鲜、奇特。
hearing what has never been heard before;
rarely or seldom heard of
(3)盛气凌人
盛气凌人为主谓结构，字面意义是骄横傲慢以气势压人，通常与不可一世、咄咄逼人等词语同义
（6）她好久不来信了，一家子盼了星星盼月亮。
For many months no letter came from her, till her whole familyworried over her day and night.
Chapter-6Syntactic level
1.1.3 Periodic Stentence Structure and Loose Sentence Structure
A periodic sentence is one which saves its main clause to the end. Supportive or qualifying statements are placed before the main clause or assertion.(P102) Periodic sentences are left-branching or anticipatory. It is supposed to be harder to precess. It chooses to keep his reader in suspense and thus it brings an element of suspense into syntax. Periodic sentences have a dramatic quality.
Contrast the different stylistic effects created by the following two examples: (1) She saw there an object. That object was the gallow. She was afraid of the gallows. (Joseph Conrad, The Secret Agent) (2) The tireless resilient voice that had just lobbed this singular remark over the Bella Vista bar Window-sill into the square was, though its owner remained unseen, unmistakable and achingly familiar as the spacious flowerboxed balconied hotel itself, and as unreal. Yvonne thought. (Malcolm Lowry, Under the Volcano)
换言之__翻译教程__第一章__笔记
About the organization of this bookChapter 2initially adopts a naive building-block approach and explores the “meaning”of single words and expressions.Chapter 3the scope of reference in widened a little by looking at combinations of words and phrases:what happens when words start combining with other words to form conventionalized or semi-conventionalized stretches of language.Chapter 4 deals with grammatical categories such as number and gender.Chapter 5 deals with the role played by word order in structuring messages at text levelChapter 6discusses cohesion:grammatical and lexical relationships which provide links between various parts of a textChapter 5 and 6cover part of what might be loosely termed the textual level of language.Chapter 7 looks at how texts are used in communicative situations that involve variables such as writers, readers, and cultural context.Back-translation involves taking a text(original or translated)which is written in a language with which the reader is assumed to be unfamiliar and translating it as literally as possible into English.The author use the term back-translation because, since the source language is often English, this involves translating the target text back into the source language from which it was originally translated.。
2023年6月大学英语六级考试真题1答案
2023年6月大学英语六级考试真题1答案The following is the answer key for the June 2023 College English Test Level 6 (CET-6) exam:Section I: Listening ComprehensionPart A: English to Chinese Translation1. Extraordinary2. Diversity3. Scenario4. Embrace5. AccomplishmentPart B: Sentence Translation6. How was the trip overall?7. It's important to maintain a balanced diet.8. The professor will give a lecture on climate change.9. The company is looking to expand its market overseas.10. The new policy will take effect next month.Part C: Listening and Note-taking11. Student ID: 765432112. Auditorium location: Room 20113. Guest speaker: Dr. Johnson14. Seminar topic: Renewable energy15. Quiz on Chapter 4 next weekSection II: Reading ComprehensionPassage 116. B) The importance of acquiring multiple skills17. D) Enhance creativity through interdisciplinary studies18. C) Maintaining physical and mental health19. A) Engage in recreational activities20. B) Foster a learning environment in various fieldsPassage 221. B) Recognize the significance of environmental education22. A) Encourage active participation in global environmental issues23. D) Offer practical solutions for environmental challenges24. C) Implement sustainable practices in daily life25. A) Promoting environmental awareness through educationPassage 326. A) Support for marginalized groups27. C) Addressing systemic inequalities28. D) Advocate for social justice29. B) Empower individuals through education30. C) Promote equal opportunities for allSection III: WritingPart A: Sentence Transformation31. Not only did Mary attend the workshop, but she also actively participated in discussions.32. Despite the heavy rain, the outdoor concert will still go on as scheduled.33. The new regulations must be adhered to by all employees without exception.34. No sooner had the meeting started than the power went out.Part B: Essay WritingPrompt: Discuss the impact of technology on communication skills.Sample Answer: Technology has revolutionized the way we communicate, offering a multitude of platforms for connecting with others. While this has improved efficiency and convenience, it has also had a significant impact on our communication skills. With the rise of texting and social media, face-to-face interactions have decreased, leading to a decline in interpersonal communication abilities. Additionally, the anonymity of online communication can lead to misinterpretation and misunderstandings. It is essential for individuals to cultivate strong communication skills through practice and active listening in order to navigate the complexities of the digital age.。
津津有味读经典LEVEL3《海底两万里》正文与评价手册答案
Level 3 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea <Answer Key>Chapter 1Preview Questions1. A league is about 3 miles or about 4.8 kilometers.2. A blue whale is probably the biggest whale ever seen.3. The deepest sea in the world is about 11,000 meters or about 6 and a half miles deep. The deepest area is the Mariana Trench in the North Pacific Ocean.Review Questions1. It was in the Pacific Ocean.2. No government would be able to build a ship without other people knowing about it.3. The monster was endangering human life.Chapter 2Preview Questions1. An electric eel can shine in the dark.2. I think the monster will probably be a submarine.3. Yes, I have. It was difficult, but the clothes kept me afloat. No I haven’t.Review Questions1. Yes, I am. No, I’m not.2. Yes, they will. No, they won’t.3. Yes, I’d keep a promise because I was threatened to protect myself. No, I would not keep a promise if threatened, because I do not want to be intimidated.Chapter 3Preview Questions1. Yes, I’m afraid of the dark. No, I’m not afraid of the dark.2. Yes, I think the people in the submarine will treat Dr. Aronnax and his friends as guests. No, I think the people will treat Dr. Aronnax and his friends like prisoners.3. Yes, it’s important to protect yourself if somebody threatened you.No, it’s important to protect your integrity, even if somebody threatened you.Review Questions1. There was not enough air in the room.2. Dr. Aronnax, Conseil, and Ned Land spoke in French, English, and German.3. The captain asked Dr. Aronnax to promise him not to leave the ship without his permission.Chapter 4Preview Questions1. We use a primary energy source (such as coal, oil, or natural gas) to convert the energy into flowing electrons by using a generator.2. I would take all of my books, many notebooks, a collection of plants and various foods.3. I think the Gulf Stream and the Alaskan current are two of the most important currents in the world’s oceans.Review Questions1. Captain Nemo used salt and mercury to make electricity.2. They were going to cross a current called the Black River.3. Dr. Aronnax is worried why Capatain Nemo did not shake his hand.Chapter 5Preview Questions1. I think, depending on how many clouds are blocking the sun’s light, and how much material is in the water, sunlight goes about 25 meters under sea water.2. I am only afraid of large furry spiders.3. I have never been diving, but I have been snorkeling before. I enjoyed it very much.Review Questions1. The divers could walk underwater for 10 hours with the special tanks Captain Nemo had made.2. The spider was about a meter tall.3. The men hid from the sharks.Chapter 6Preview Questions1. Since the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn are imaginary lines that place the areas where the sun touches the earth, the distance from the equator will vary throughout the seasons. The Tropic of Cancer is 23.5 degrees north latitude, while the Tropic of Capricorn is 23.5 degrees south latitude. Tahiti is the largest island in French Polynesia, Tonga is in the South Pacific Ocean, and Fiji is west of Tonga.2. Yes, I like meat. It is delicious and it gives me energy. No, I don’t like meat. I think people don’t eat meat for many reasons: some reasons are religious; some people think it’s cruel to animals, while other people find meat too expensive.3. Yes, I do. No, I don’t. The difference between high tide and low tide at the beach nearest to me changes, but it averages around 20 meters.Review Questions1. The Torres Strait was dangerous for the ship because it could hit the reef and become damaged.2. Ned wanted to go on the island to catch some food to eat.3. Captain Nemo was playing the piano.Chapter 7Preview Questions1. I think the “savages” will attack the Nautilus. No, I don’t think the “savages” will attack the Nautilus, because I think they will be too afraid.2. Electric shocks actually burn people.3. Yes, I have seen fish make light in an aquarium. No, I haven’t seen fish make light in an aquarium. Review Questions1. Conseil was angry that the “savages” threw a stone and it hit and broke a rare and beautiful shell.2. Captain Nemo had an electric rail. The natives would get an electric shock and let go. Then the tide lifted the Nautilus and the rest of the natives jumped off.3. Captain Nemo was angry with Dr. Aronnax.Chapter 8Preview Questions1. I think Captain Nemo will explain why he locked up Dr. Aronnax.2. India is bordered by China, Bhutan and Nepal in the north, Pakistan to the west, and Myanmar and Bangladesh it the east, Keeling Island is between Australia and Sri Lanka, and Sri Lanka is 31 kilometers off the southern coast of India.3. Pearls come from oysters.Review Questions1. One of Captain Nemo’s men was injured and was going to die soon.2. Tiny white worms made the sea look white.3. They found a huge oyster about 2 meters wide with a pearl the size of a coconut.Chapter 9Preview Questions1. I think Captain Nemo saw a ship /a whale/ another submarine.2. Dr. Aronnax will want to escape when he feels his life is threatened or he feels trapped.3. The Suez Canal was built in 1869.Review Questions1. Ned finally killed the shark.2. Captain Nemo gave the pearl diver some pearls, because he believed the diver was an oppressed worker.3. Captain Nemo found an underwater passage he called “The Arabian Tunnel” that led into the Mediterranean.Chapter 10Preview Questions1. A dugong is a marine mammal that is related to the manatee.2. Red Sea, the Suez Canal and Crete.3. The Suez Canal is 192 kilometers long.Review Questions1. Ned had never killed a dugong before.2. Nemo would never forgive them if he caught Ned Land and Dr. Aronnax if they tried to escape.3. The Nautilus became hot because they were above an underwater volcano.Chapter 11Preview Questions1. I think the Titanic is the most famous shipwreck in the history of the world.2. Sicily is off the southwest tip of Italy, Gibraltar is on the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, Portugal is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and to the southwest of Spain, and Vigo Bay is in the west of Spain.3. Yes, I made a promise to babysit my kid brother, and I didn’t want to keep it.Review Questions1. There was no opportunity to escape because the Nautilus was moving too fast.2. The crew of the Nautilus gathered the huge amount of gold from the sand in Vigo Bay.3. Dr. Aronnax did not want to escape, so he was happy that they were not able to try.Chapter 12Preview Questions1. Atlantis is an ancient, legendary kingdom that was believed to have sunk beneath the sea.2. Some Greek historians are Herodotus, Xenophon and Polybius.3. I think history is more interesting because there are so many interesting things to learn. Fishing is more interesting because it’s relaxing and thrilling at the same time.Review Questions1. The red light under the sea came from lava flowing from the side of an undersea mountain.2. The Nautilus stopped inside an extinct volcano because it is a home where the crew can mine for coal to make sodium for batteries.3. Ned wanted to see if there was a way out of the cave.Chapter 13Preview Questions1. Sargasso Sea, Cape Horn, South Shetland Islands Map2. Deepest part of all the oceans is in the Marianna Trench.3. I think its right to hunt whales if it’s part of a cultural history. I don’t think it’s right to hunt whales because it is cruel to beautiful animal.Review Questions1. The Sargasso Sea is surrounded by the Gulf Stream current, which brings seaweed and grass into the sea.2. Ned had disapproved the manner that Captain Nemo slaughtered so many sperm whales.3. British and America whalers had killed them all.Chapter 14Preview Questions1. The first person to reach South Pole was Roald Amundsen on December 14, 1911.2. Jules Verne wrote this story in 1870.3. The physical South Pole is on the continent of Antarctica.Review Questions1. The Nautilus traveled under the ice cap for 2 days and reached the area of land near the South Pole and walked the rest of the way by foot.2. Ice started to form in the sea around the Nautilus.3. It would take 5 nights and 4 days to dig through the ice and free the Nautilus.Chapter 15Preview Questions1. I think the Nautilus will need to use some kind of heat to melt its way out.2. The average person can live 3 to 4 minutes without air.3. A squid can be as large as 14 meters.Review Questions1. Captain Nemo heated water in his batteries and pumped it into the hole while the men dug the hole deeper.2. Captain Nemo threw an ax into the monster’s mouth and saved Ned.3. Ned wanted Dr. Aronnax to ask Captain Nemo if they were going to stay captives of the captain forever.Chapter 16Preview Questions1. No, I think Captain Nemo will never let Dr. Aronnax and his friends go, because they know too many of Nemo’s secrets. Yes, I think Captain Nemo will grow to respect Dr. Aronnax and let them go.2. Newfoundland is the most eastern Canadian province. The English Channel is between England and France. Land’s End is the most westerly tip of the United Kingdom.3. Yes, revenge is a good reason for killing people. No, there is no good reason to kill a person. Review Questions1. We don’t know what happened to Captain Nemo, but the Nautlius was caught in a maelstrom.2. The Nautilus rammed the ship. The ship sank and all of the people on it drowned.3. They escaped in a dinghy while the Nautilus was dragged into a whirlpool.Level 3 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea < Summaries >Chapter 1In the 1860s some ships saw a strange object in the sea. Some people thought it was a monster and others thought it was a submarine ship. Then a ship was damaged by it and the Americans decided to hunt the monster and kill it before it sunk any ships. Dr. Aronnax and his servant Conseil were on the Abraham Lincoln when it set off. They sailed around South America to the North Pacific, but couldn’t find the monster. They decided to look for another three days before they went home.Chapter 2The Abraham Lincoln found the monster and chased it, but was unable to catch it. At last the monster crashed into the ship and Dr. Aronnax was thrown into the water. So were Conseil and Ned Land. They eventually ended up on top of the monster and they realized that it was a submarine. It traveled on the surface all night. In the morning, the three men were taken into the submarine.Chapter 3Dr. Aronnax, Conseil and Ned Land were kept in a dark room until two men came and listened to their story, but did not tell them anything. A man came in and gave them some clothes and some food. They slept and were left in the dark room for a long time before the captain of the ship returned and told them that he would give them the freedom of the ship if they promised to go to their rooms when asked and to never try to escape. Dr. Aronnax saw that they had no choice, and agreed. The captain told them that his name was Captain Nemo and his ship was called Nautilus.Chapter 4The three men had a wonderful dinner. Captain Nemo showed Dr. Aronnax the Nautilus, and explained how it worked and how he built it. Captain Nemo explained that he would never return to the land, because he was completely free in his submarine.Chapter 5Captain Nemo took Dr. Aronnax and Conseil for a long walk on the sea floor. They saw many wonderful fish, shells and seaweed. They visited a forest of seaweed. Dr. Aronnax was attacked by a sea spider but Captain Nemo’s man shot it. Later, Captain Nemo shot a sea otter and his man shot an albatross from under the water. They hid from some sharks before they returned to the Nautilus.Chapter 6Dr. Aronnax and his friends saw shipwrecks as they traveled across the Pacific Ocean. They crossed the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, and went toward New Guinea. They began to sail through the Torres Strait and got stuck on a reef near an island. Captain Nemo allowed his three ‘guests’ togo to the island. They found coconuts and fruit and shot a wild pig. They were attacked by savages and returned to the Nautilus.Chapter 7Dr. Aronnax, Ned Land and Conseil could not go back to the island because of the savages, and Dr. Aronnax was worried that they would attack the Nautilus. However, Captain Nemo was not worried. When they attacked, he turned on the electricity in the rails, and the savages ran away when they received an electric shock. They were sailing through the Indian Ocean when Captain Nemo became very angry at something he could see on the horizon. Dr. Aronnax tried to find out what it was but Captain Nemo told him to take Ned and Conseil and return to their dark room. They were drugged and fell asleep.Chapter 8Captain Nemo buried his dead crewman under the sea. Dr. Aronnax was enjoying the voyage and wondered whether he should escape. They sailed to Sri Lanka, where they saw a giant pearl.Chapter 9Captain Nemo saved a pearl fisherman from a shark and gave him some pearls. The Nautilus sailed into the Red Sea and Captain Nemo told Dr. Aronnax that he had found a tunnel from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean.Chapter 10Ned hunted a dugong and they ate it for dinner. The Nautilus went through a tunnel from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. Near Crete, Dr. Aronnax saw a diver in the water and then Captain Nemo sent a large box of gold out of the submarine.Chapter 11The Nautilus sailed quickly through the Mediterranean Sea and then north along the Portuguese coast. Ned planed an escape, but just as they were about to steal the dinghy, the Nautilus stopped on the ocean floor and Dr. Aronnax saw the crew picking up bars of gold from a shipwreck. The next night Captain Nemo invited Dr. Aronnax to go for a night walk with him in the ocean.Chapter 12Captain Nemo and Dr. Aronnax visited the lost city of Atlantis. The Nautilus and its crew rested inside an extinct volcano.Chapter 13The Nautilus sailed under the Sargasso Sea and continued south to the Antarctic Circle. Captain Nemo would not allow Ned to hunt the Antarctic whales they saw, but he attacked the sperm whales with the Nautilus. Ned was unhappy about this and the two men were angry with each other.Chapter 14The Nautilus traveled under the ice cap to the South Pole. Captain Nemo went ashore and claimed the land for himself. On the way back, the Nautilus was trapped in an ice tunnel.Chapter 15The Nautilus escaped from the ice tunnel, although all the men were close to death because they did not have enough air. Then they were attacked by giant squid and one of the men was killed. Dr. Aronnax agreed to ask Captain Nemo if he would ever let them go.Chapter 16Captain Nemo attacked a ship and destroyed it, killing all the men on it. He was taking revenge. Dr. Aronnax and his friends decided they must escape and get into the dinghy. The Nautilus entered a Maelstrom just as they escaped and they were saved by Norwegian fishermen. Nobody knew whether the Nautilus survived the Maelstrom or not.Before You ReadI. S can through the book and find as many wordsas you can that belong to the following categories.(Answers may vary, and sample answers are given.)1. A nimals: shark, oyster, lobster, narwhal,crab, rabbit, dolphin, walrus2. P lants: pine, coconut, vegetation, seaweed,breadfruit3. N ature: coral, iceberg, icecap, volcano,earthquake, lava4. Weapons: harpoon, knife, arrow, gun, axI I. W ork with your classmates. Identify thecharacter or object in each picture.a. Ned Landb. Nicholasc. Captain Nemod. NautilusI I I.C orrectly rewrite and capitalize the chaptertitles below.1. The Monster in the Sea2.C aptain Nemo and the Nautilus3. A Visit to a Forest4. On Dry Land5. Electricity on Land and Sea6. A Brave and Generous Captain7. The Secret Tunnel8. A Plan to Escape9. At the South Pole10. Attacked by Giant Squid[ Chapter 1 ] The Monster in the SeaI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).5, 1, 3, 2, 4I I.C hoose the best answer.1. b2. c3. d4. aI I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. determined2.narwhal3. equator4.Cables5. exist6.wreck7. hull 8. floating9. monster 10.reef I V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.in the sea2.it was a monster3.to hunt and kill it4.and his servant Conseil5.when it set off6.to the North Pacific7.find the monster8.for three more days[ Chapter 2 ] “There It Is!”I.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).2, 1, 5, 4, 3I I.C hoose the best answer.1. c2. a3. b4. dI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1. e2. b3. f4. a5. d6.c7. i8. h9.j 10. gI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.the monster and chased it2.into the ship3.i nto the sea but was saved by Conseil andNed Land4.on top of the monster5.that it was a submarine6.into the submarine[ Chapter 3 ] P romisesI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).2, 4, 5, 1, 3I I.C hoose the best answer.1. d2. c3. b4.a1I I I.C ircle the correct word.1. civilized2. opportunity3. permission4. vent5. ignored6. exclaimed7. crew 8. moments9. confident 10.exchangedI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.to their story2.that he would give them3.if they made two promises4.and to never try to escape5.that they had no choice6.Captain Nemo7.was called Nautilus[ Chapter 4 ] C aptain Nemo and the Nautilus I.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).4, 2, 1, 3, 5I I.Choose the best answer.1. d2. c3. b4. dI I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. roam2. composer3. required4. pearl5. fortune6. taxes7. rudder 8. panel9.cylindrical 10. mercuryI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.a wonderful dinner2.Dr. Aronnax the Nautilus3.how it worked and how he built it4.to the landpletely free in his submarine[ Chapter 5 ] A Visit to a ForestI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).3, 5, 2, 4, 1 I I.C hoose the best answer.1. d2. b3. a4. cI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1. c2. a3. d4. b5. g6.h7. i8. e9.j 10. fI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.for a long walk2.fish, shells, and seaweed3.a forest of seaweed4.by a sea spider5.shot a sea otter6.an albatross7.from some sharks8.to the Nautilus[ Chapter 6 ] On Dry LandI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).1, 3, 5, 4, 2I I.C hoose the best answer.1.b2. c3. a4. dI I I.C ircle the correct word.1. coconut2. Coral3. rabbit4. shark5. stuck6. crossed7. enormous 8. shipwrecks9. rowing 10. savagesI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.across the Pacific Ocean2.t he equator and the Tropic of Capricorn3.t hrough Torres Strait and got stuck4.his three guests to go to the island5.coconuts and fruit and shot a wild pig6.by savages7.to the Nautilus2[ Chapter 7 ] E lectricity on Land and SeaI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).3, 2, 1, 5, 4I I.C hoose the best answer.1. b2. c3. a4. dI I I.W rite the correct word or phrase in each blank.1. canoe2. arrows3. natives4. stuck5. float6.low tide7.electric shock 8. experiments9. drugged 10. brieflyI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.to the island2.attack the Nautilus3.turned on the electricity4.electric shocks5.through the Indian Ocean6.became very angry7. to return to their rooms8.fell asleep[ Chapter 8 ] D eath Under the SeaI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).1, 5, 3, 2, 4I I.C hoose the best answer.1. a2. b3. c4. dI I I.Circle the correct word.1. Oysters2. Crabs3. coffin4. bury5. metal6.under the water7. coral 8.300 meters9.escaping 10.pearl fisheryI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1. the injured man would die soon2.his dead crewman under the sea3.enjoying the voyage4.whether he should escape5.Sri Lanka, where they saw a giant pearl[ Chapter 9 ] A Brave and Generous Captain I.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).5, 3, 4, 1, 2I I.C hoose the best answer.1.d2. c3. b4. aI I I.C ircle the correct word.1. aboard2. fins3. oppressed4. tag5. avoided6. stabbed7. canal 8. brilliant9. passage 10. speechlessI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.from a shark2.some pearls3.into the Red Sea4.told Dr. Aronnax5.found a tunnel6.to the Mediterranean[ Chapter 10 ] The Secret TunnelI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).3, 1, 2, 5, 4I I.C hoose the best answer.1. a2. b3. d4. cI I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. mermaids2. shrugged3. volcano4. flowed5. dome6. towed7. tunnel 8. probably9. opportunity 10. erupting3I V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.a dugong, and they ate it for dinner2.t hrough a tunnel leading from the Red Sea tothe Mediterranean Sea3.a man in the water4.a large box of gold out of the submarine[ Chapter 11 ] A Plan to EscapeI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).1, 5, 4, 3, 2I I.C hoose the best answer.1.b2. c3. a4. dI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1. c2. d3. a4. b5. h6.j7. f8. i9.e 10. gI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.through the Mediterranean Sea2.planned an escape3.to steal the dinghy4.stopped on the ocean floor5.bars of gold6.to go for a night walk7.in the ocean[ Chapter 12 ] A Lost CityI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).5, 4, 1, 3, 2I I.C hoose the best answer.1.c2. b3. a4. dI I I.C ircle the correct word.1. sodium2. ruins3. earthquake4. lava5. extinct6. glow7. lobster 8. mined9. pine 10. storageI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.the lost city of Atlantis2.s ome dead pine trees on a mountain thatthey were climbing3.l ava flowing down the other side of themountain4.after the walk and slept a long time5.inside an extinct volcano[ Chapter 13 ] I cebergs and WhalesI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).4, 1, 5, 2, 3I I.C hoose the best answer.1.d2. b3. a4. dI I I.Write the correct word in each blank.1. dolphin2. miserable3. icebergs4. pressure5. surrounded6. suspicious7. chased 8. bored9. seals 10. daredI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.sailed under the Sargasso Sea2.continued south3.to hunt the Antarctic whales4.sperm whales5.was unhappy6.were angry with each other[ Chapter 14 ] At the South PoleI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).2, 3, 5, 1, 4I I.C hoose the best answer.1.d2. c3. b4. b4I I I.Circle the correct word.1. declared2. blocked3. crush4. descend5. icecap6. walrus7. vegetation 8. mad9. bumped 10. trappedI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.under the icecap to the South Pole2.went ashore and claimed the land for himself3.trapped in an ice tunnel4.to cut the ice5.five nights and four days6.enough air for two days[ Chapter 15 ] A ttacked by Giant SquidI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).1, 5, 2, 3, 4I I.C hoose the best answer.1.c2. a3. d4. bI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1. d2. a3. b4. e5. c6.j7. h8. i9.g 10. fI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.from the ice tunnel2.close to death3.have enough air4.by giant squid5.was killed6.to ask Captain Nemo[ Chapter 16 ] M aelstrom! Maelstrom!I.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).5, 2, 4, 3, 1I I.C hoose the best answer.1.d2. a3. b4. d I I I.W rite the correct word or phrase in each blank.1.whirlpool2. slammed3. maelstrom4. flashes5. voyage6. school7. rammed 8. bolts9.life story 10. firedI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.a warship and destroyed it2.all the men on the ship3.revenge for the death of his family4.t hey must escape and get into the dinghysomehow5.a maelstrom just as they escaped6.by a Norwegian fisherman7.if the Nautilus survived the maelstorm After You ReadI.Match each character to at least two clues.1.a, e, i2.b, g3.c, d, f4.h, jI I.W rite a sentence to answer each of thesequestions.(Answers may vary, and sample answers are given.)1.I would like to be in a submarine because Iwould be able to see many types of seaanimals.I wouldn’t like to be in a submarine becauseI would be afraid it would sink.2.I think the most interesting part of theirvoyage was when they found the lost city ofAtlantis.3.I would like to visit Europe because there isa lot of history and culture there.5。
津津有味读经典LEVEL3《时间机器》正文与评价手册答案
Level 3 The Time Machine <Answer Key>The Time MachineChapter 1Preview Questions1.Yes, I know what a time machine is. It is a machine that can take you to events that happened in thepast or will happen in the future.2.Yes, I saw a movie about a time machine. It was a comedy from the 1980’s.3.I think that it will be about coming out of the present and entering into the past or future.Review Questions1.The time traveler said that there is a fourth dimension.2.He decided to prove his idea by conducting an experiment.3.When the young man pulled the lever, immediately, there was a sudden wind, and the little machinedisappeared.Chapter 2Preview Questions1.I think that the men will find several clocks in the laboratory.2.I think that the time traveler will try out his machine.3.I think the time traveler will travel into the future.Review Questions1.The time traveler had been time traveling.2.When the time traveler came back into the room, his clothes were dirty and torn, his face was white,and his chin had a cut on it.3.He tells all the men to come into the sitting room so that he can tell them his story.Chapter 3Preview Questions1. I think that the time traveler traveled into the future.2.No, I don’t think people will believe him.3.Yes, I think that he will show the other people his time machine.Review Questions1.After he completed the machine, he put some oil on the moving parts and sat in the chair. Then heheld the starting lever in his right hand and the stopping lever in his left. Last he held his breath and pulled the starting lever.2.The statue had sightless eyes and a thin cruel smile on its face.3.After the time traveler met the small man-like creature, he felt surprised.Chapter 4Preview Questions1.I think that the time traveler is somewhere in outer space.2.I think the type of people that live there are aliens or man-like creatures.3.I think that they will treat the time traveler like he has some type of special power.Review Questions:1.The man-like creatures sounded like liquid when they spoke.2.What surprised the time traveler about the man-like creatures is that they didn’t try to communicatewith him.3.The time travelers dial on his machine said 802,701.Chapter 5Preview Questions:1.I think the people in the future may eat, drink, dress, and talk different then the people in the present.2.No, I don’t think that the time traveler’s guests believe him.3.I think the main thing that would frighten the time traveler is not having the ability to go back to thepresent.Review Questions:1.They all wore the same clothes. There was no difference in appearance between the males and thefemales.2.The time traveler noticed that the human race had changed so much that it had no way to improve.3.The time traveler lost his time machine.Chapter 6Preview Questions:1.I think that the man-like creatures took the time machine.2.I think that he will try to learn how to communicate in their language and ask around.3.Yes, I think that the little creatures will help him look for the time machine.Review Questions:1.The time traveler noticed large footprints near the pedestal.2.The time traveler thought that his time machine was inside of the pedestal.3.The time traveler realized that he was wrong about the ventilation shafts.Chapter 7Preview Questions:1.I think that the wells are for trash.2.I think that the wells sucked the paper down because it was trash.3.I think that the time traveler will find some type of giant or monster.Review Questions:1.The Eloi didn’t have to do any work because everything was provided by the ape-like creatures.2.The Morlocks were ape-like, ghostly looking figures.3.The Morlocks were the slaves of the Eloi People.Chapter 8Preview Questions:1. I can’t say that I believe what the time traveler believes about the Morlock and Eloi relationship,although it seems possible.2.I believe that the Morlocks are doing all the work because the Eloi aren’t doing anything at all.3.I am not sure what the Morlocks want with the time machine. I think they are just fascinated by itbecause it is something different.Review Questions:1. The Morlocks are frightened of light.2.The Eloi are afraid of the Morlocks because the Morlocks eat the Eloi.3.The time traveler and Weena went to the hills to sleep.Chapter 9Preview Questions:1. I think that the time traveler will find a way to make fire in the hills.2.I think that the time traveler will use a stick and rocks to make fire.3.I think that he will find his machine underground.Review Questions:1.The Morlocks were not afraid of the time traveler as long as he had no fire or light.2.Weena fell unconscious and was taken by the Morlocks.3.There was a forest fire so the time traveler ran out of the forest as fast as he could.Chapter 10Preview Questions:1. I think that the machine will take the time traveler to his past if he pulls the wrong lever.2.I think that he has been away from his laboratory at least for a couple of days.3.Maybe Weena left something inside of the time machine.Review Questions:1. First the time traveler’s machine took him to a beach back in prehistoric times.2.Some flowers fell out of his pocket that were given to him by Weena. His story also seemedoutrageous, but it had so much detail.3. I think that he got stuck in time, died, or just decided to stay where ever he ended up going to.Wayde’s MedicineChapter 1Preview Questions:1. I think the name “Wayde” can be a name for either a male or female.2. I think it will be a very special medicine that will change someone’s life.3. I think this story will be about how this special medicine heals people.Review Questions:1. Wayde was a failure.2. Wayde had no confidence.3. Manningtree told Wayne that he had some medicine that cures nerves.Chapter 2Preview Questions:1. Yes, I think that Wayde will ask Manningtree for some of the medicine.2. I think that Wayde will finally gain some confidence if he takes the medicine.3. Yes, I think that Wayde will gain confidence that will make him more successful.Review Questions:1. Wayde asked Manningtree to give him some of the medicine.2. The medicine was distilled water with some coloring.3. Wayde felt that Manningtree deceived him. Wayde also didn’t know if he could have faith inhimself.The Strange Story of Brownlow’s NewspaperChapter 1Preview Questions:1. A person named Brownlow’s newspaper is in this story.2.Maybe the newspaper is strange because it has strange stories in it.3.I think this story will be about a person reading about strange things in a newspaper.Review Questions:1.The first thing he noticed about the newspaper was that it was in a different color wrapper and it hada different man’s name on it.2.The world in 2051 was different from the present in that the people seemed better off (moreprosperous), there were no wars, and the birthrate was very low.3.The only evidence that Brownlow had that he was telling the truth was a piece of the wrapper fromthe newspaper.The Empire of AntsChapter 1Preview Questions:1.I know that empires are usually very big, covering many countries, and they have one powerful ruler.2.I know that ants are very small and strong. They also live in small hills with lots of other ants.3.I think this story is about a strange kind of ant that attacks people.Review Questions:1.The countryside that the gunboat traveled through was a jungle.2.The ants were different from ordinary ants because they were bigger, they didn’t go away, they hadpoison, they seemed intelligent, and they have some kind of language.3. The ants were dangerous to men because their poison could kill a man and they destroyed houses.Chapter 2Preview Questions:1.Yes, I think these ants have intelligence.2.Yes, I think these ants can speak to each other.3.I think the ants will attack the gunboat.Review Questions:1.The captain saw two dead men and some ants on the boat.2.The captain ordered the lieutenant to go aboard the other boat and look around.3.The lieutenant was attacked by the ants. They bit him. That night, he died.Chapter 3Preview Questions:1.I think the ants kill people by attaching in large numbers and biting the person many times.2.I think the captain will fight the ants by using fire.3.I think the captain will be successful in fighting the ants.Review Questions:1.When he got to Badama, the captain saw an empty village, a skeleton, and lots of ants.2.At Badama, the captain tried to find the missing villagers, but he never found any of them.3.No, I don’t think the ants will take over the world because they cannot travel across water.The Door in the WallChapter 1Preview Questions:1.I think a door in a wall could be interesting if it led into another world.2.I think this will be a science fiction story like the other stories in this book.3.I think the little boy will go through the door in the wall.Chapter 1 Review Questions:1.There was a wonderful garden behind the door in the wall.2.Yes, I think Lionel found the door again and went through it.3.I think Lionel now lives in that other world with the garden, the animals, and the woman in the darkrobe.Level 3 The Time Machine < Summaries >The Time MachineChapter 1The Time Traveler explains to his friends that time is a fourth dimension. We can move about in it. He takes his friends into his laboratory and shows them a model of a time machine he has made. He shows them how to work it. One of his friends presses a lever and the machine disappears. The Time Traveler says that it is now in another time.Chapter 2The Time Traveler’s friends met at his house the next Thursday. He had left them a note telling them he had gone somewhere and they should not wait for him for dinner. When the time traveler returned, his clothes were dirty and torn. He told them he had been traveling in time and had had amazing experiences. He agreed to tell them his story.Chapter 3The Time Traveler time traveler describes his travels. At first, he stops the machine too soon, and it travels only a few hours. The second time he pulls the lever, he travels much further. He is afraid he would return to the beginning of the universe, so he stops the machine. He sees a huge statue and buildings. People come out of the buildings. He is surprised by their appearance.Chapter 4The Time Traveler describes the man-like creatures. He said they spoke with a soft, liquid sound and were wearing rich, soft robes. He followed the creatures to a building, where they ate fruit and he taught them some English verbs. He explains to the listeners that a dial on the time machine told him he had traveled to the year 802,701.Chapter 5The Time Traveler explains that there are no farms, towns or houses. The people live in the huge buildings and all look the same. He looks for his machine so that he can return to his own time but it has disappeared. He cannot understand this because he has the starting and stopping levers in his pockets. He is frightened because he thinks he is stuck in a future time.Chapter 6He sees some large footprints and stone pedestal. He thinks his machine may be inside the pedestal so he tries to get inside it. He hits it with a stone but cannot get inside. He decides to study the little people and try to understand them. Then they may help him get to his machine. He learns their language. He discovers some very deep wells.Chapter 7The time traveler cannot understand why the creatures do not do any work. He rescues a young woman who falls into the river and becomes friendly with her. She is an Eloi and her name is Weena. She is very afraid of the dark. At night, he sees ape-like creatures moving about. He finds the entrance to a tunnel and enters it. The thinks the ape-like creatures are the Eloi’s slaves.Chapter 8Weena tells the Time Traveler that the ape-like creatures are Morlocks. He goes deeper into the tunnels where the Morlocks live. They hate the light and come out of the tunnels only at night. They try to capture the Time Traveler but he escapes. He goes into the hills with Weena. He remembers that he saw some meat on a table underground. He thinks that perhaps the Morlocks eat the Eloi.Chapter 9The Time Traveler enters a museum. When he comes out, it is night. He is afraid the Morlocks will be out of their tunnels so he makes a fire. His fire goes out and he is surrounded by Morlocks. Then they run away because the forest is on fire. He tries to find Weena, but cannot. He believes that the Morlocks have captured her. He gets to his Time Machine.Chapter 10The Time Traveler starts his machine, but he presses the level the wrong way.It takes him forward to a time when there are monsters. He corrects his mistake and returns to his laboratory. The machine is in a different place because the Morlocks had moved it. He tells his friends about his experiences. He goes on another journey into time and is never seen again.Wayde’s MedicineChapter 1Wayde is thirty years old and a failure. He is a failure because he does not try to achieve anything. One day his friend, Manningtree, a doctor, tells him that his problem is that he does not have enough self-confidence. He then tells Wayde about a medicine a foreign patient gave to him as payment. It can make a person more confident. He does not know where to get more.Chapter 2Wayde asks Manningtree to let him have some of this medicine that will make him more confident. Manningtree tells him he has only a little left but he can have it if he will pay $10,000 when he becomes successful. Wayde agrees. He takes a drop of the medicine once a month and becomes very successful. Then Manningtree tells him the medicine is only colored water. Wayde becomes a failure again.The Strange Story of Brownlow’s Newspaper.Brownlow’s newspaper is delivered as usual, but some things about it are not right. The address on the wrapper is right, but the name is wrong. The spelling of some words is strange and the date is a date in the future. There are articles about scientific discoveries and fashions that have not happened yet. Brownlow believes that this newspaper is from another time or from a different world.The Empire of the AntsChapter 1Captain Gerilleua has been ordered to take his gunboat to Badama and kill the ants there. The chief engineer on the boat, Holroyd, does not agree with the captain’s decision to obey orders. The ants are huge and they are eating everything. They even kill a man. As the gunboat travels up the river, it stops at every village and the captain gets more information about the ants.Chapter 2A boat drifts towards the gunboat. The captain and chief engineer see two dead men on the boat. They had been eaten by ants. The captain orders the lieutenant on the gunboat to board the small boat and find out what has happened. He does, and as he turns over one of the dead men, the ants pour out of the body and attack him so severely that he dies.Chapter 3The captain orders his men to sink the small boat by setting fire to ter that day, they arrive at the village of Badama. The village seems to be deserted. There is a skeleton the jetty. The captain orders his men to fire the gunboat’s big gun at the village until it is destroyed. However, he cannot kill all the ants, and they spread throughout South America.The Door in the WallLionel Wallace tells how when he was five years old he first saw the door in a wall in a poor district. He opened it, and went into a beautiful garden full of wonderful animals. He met a girl of his own age with whom he played. He passed the door several times during the following years but did not open it. Then he decides to go through the door again.Before You ReadI. W ork with your classmates. Fill in the blankswith your ideas.1. (1) c (2) e (3) d (4) a (5) bI I. S can through the book and answer the following.1. M atch each illustration to the correct story.(1) d (2) a (3) e (4) b (5) c2. A nswer the following questions.(1)9(2)33 pages(3)The Empire of Ants(4)Wayde’s MedicineThe Time Machine[ Chapter 1 ] The Fourth DimensionI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).4, 1, 3, 2, 5I I.C hoose the best answer.1.a2. d3. b4. cI I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. dimension2. convince3. model4. breadth5. lever6. laboratory7. experiment 8. pass9. serious 10. disappearI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.time was a fourth2. move about in time3. went to his laboratory4. He showed them5. pressed a lever6. The time traveler said [ Chapter 2 ] T he Time Traveler Leaves andReturnsI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).1, 5, 3, 4, 2I I.Choose the best answer.1. c2. b3. c4. dI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1. h2. a3. j4. g5. b6. i7. d8. f9. e 10. cI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.at his house the next Thursday2. dirty and torn3. to tell them his story[ Chapter 3 ] P ast the Moon and the Stars I.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).2, 4, 3, 1, 5I I.C hoose the best answer.1.a2. b3. c4. aI I I.C ircle the correct word.1. completed2. worn3. fraction4. universe5. fog6. statue7. cruel 8. figures9. rich 10. gracefulI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.described his travels2. stopped the machine too soon3. he traveled much further4. the beginning of the universe5. He saw a huge statue6.He was surprised by1[ Chapter 4 ] T he Time Traveler and the LittleCreaturesI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).2, 4, 1, 3, 5I I.Choose the best answer.1. d2. a3. c4. cI I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. dial2. cushion3. liquid4. curly5. pointed6. unscrew7. thunder 8. cathedral9. communicate 10. courseI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.the man-like creatures2.t he creatures to a building, where they atefruit and he taught them some English verbs3.t o the listeners that a dial on the time machinetold him he had traveled to the year 802,701 [ Chapter 5 ] Exploring the RuinsI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).4, 2, 5, 1, 3I I.C hoose the best answer.1.b2. a3. a4. dI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1.a2. j3. d4. i5. f6. h7. b8. e9. g 10. cI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.no farms, towns, or houses2. all looked the same3. looked for his machine4. could not understand5. starting and stopping levers6. was frightened because [ Chapter 6 ] Inside the PedestalI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).5, 3, 2, 4, 1I I.C hoose the best answer.1.b2. c3. d4. aI I I.C ircle the correct word.1. metal2. stream3. tracks4. narrow5. pedestal6. hollow7. horrified 8. persuade9. landscape 10. sewerI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.some large footprints and a stone pedestal2. it with a stone, but he could not get inside3. him get to his machine[ Chapter 7 ] T he MorlocksI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).1, 3, 4, 5, 2I I.C hoose the best answer.1.c2. d3. a4. bI I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. slaves2. tailors3. underground4. puzzled5. shafts6. leisure7. tunnel 8. gratitude9. drown 10. theoryI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.could not understand why2. He rescued a young3. She was an Eloi4. afraid of the dark5. he saw ape-like creatures6. were the Eloi’s slaves2[ Chapter 8 ] T he Smell of BloodI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).4, 2, 5, 1, 3I I.C hoose the best answer.1.b2. a3. d4. bI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1. i2. g3. j4. h5. b6. f7. d8. c9. a 10. eI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.d eeper into the tunnels where the Morlockslived2. to capture the time traveler, but he escaped3. that perhaps the Morlocks ate the Eloi[ Chapter 9 ] E scape!I.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).5, 4, 3, 2, 1I I.C hoose the best answer.1.a2. c3. c4. bI I I.C ircle the correct word.1. exhibits2. club3. head4. surrounded5.unconscious6. branches7. flames 8. sign9. repaired 10. sidewaysI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.it was night2. be out of their tunnels3. was surrounded by the Morlocks4. the forest was on fire5. He tried to find6. He believed that [ Chapter 10 ] What is the Truth?I.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).3, 1, 5, 2, 4I I.C hoose the best answer.1.b2. d3. b4. dI I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. needle2. shaken3. roar4. crab5. monster6. pre-historic7. pipe 8. mad9. prove 10. wholeI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.him back to a time when there were monsters2. his mistake and returned to his laboratory3.a nother journey into time and was neverseen againWayde’s Medicine[ Chapter 1 ] W ayde’s NervesI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).3, 5, 2, 4, 1I I.C hoose the best answer.1.b2. c3. a4. dI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1. e2. c3. i4. h5. j6. a7. d8. b9. g 10. fI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.and a failure2. try to achieve anything3. have enough self-confidence4. He then told Wayde5. It could make6. He did not know3[ Chapter 2 ] T he Prime Minister’s Secret I.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).1, 2, 3, 4, 5I I.C hoose the best answer.1.d2. c3. a4. aI I I.C ircle the correct word.1.Prime Minister2. generous3. drop4. effect5. millionaire6.ran for7. elected 8. distilled9.deceived 10. jokingI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.M anningtree to let him have some of themedicine that2. a drop of the medicine once a month3. a failure againThe Strange Story ofBrownlow’s NewspaperI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).5, 4, 2, 1, 3I I.C hoose the best answer.1.a2. b3. a4. cI I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. furnace2. apartment3. wrapper4. headline5. prosperous6. article7. coal 8.carbon dioxide9. crime 10. lieI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.delivered as usual, but2. the name was wrong3. words was strange4. scientific discoveries and fashions5. Brownlow believed6. from a different worldThe Empire of Ants[ Chapter 1 ] An Expert on the AntsI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).3, 5, 2, 4, 1I I.C hoose the best answer.1.d2. c3. b4. aI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1. j2. f3. d4. h5. c6. a7. i8. g9. b 10. eI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.t o take his gunboat to Badama and kill theants there2. huge and were eating everything3.a t every village and the captain got moreinformation[ Chapter 2 ] A nts Attack!I.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).5, 1, 2, 4, 3I I.C hoose the best answer.1.c2. a3. b4. cI I I.C ircle the correct word.1. drifting2. deck3. binoculars4. bare5. board6. raw7. lieutenant 8. strapped9. band 10. pouredI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.A boat drifted toward2. two dead men3. eaten by ants44. find out what had happened5. the ants poured out6. that he died[ Chapter 3 ] T he Future Rulers of EarthI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).3, 1, 4, 5, 2I I.C hoose the best answer.1.d2. d3. a4. dI I I.W rite the correct word in each blank.1. deserted2. murder3. swollen4. shore5. whistle6. skeleton7. jetty 8. fire9. rag 10. sinkI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.at the village of Badama2. a skeleton on the jetty3.a ll the ants, and they spread throughoutSouth AmericaThe Door in the WallI.P ut the sentences in order from 1 (first) to 5(last).2, 4, 1, 3, 5I I.C hoose the best answer.1.c2. b3. a4. bI I I.M atch the word with the meaning used in thechapter.1. b2. h3. e4. i5. j6. f7. c8. a9. g 10. dI V.C omplete the summary by writing the correctphrase in each blank.1.wall in a poor area2. beautiful garden full of3. met a girl4. passed the door5. did not open it6. go through the door againAfter You Read1.c2. e3. a4. b5. d5。
【2】5 Robin Hood 罗宾汉
【使用指南】Black Cat有声名著阶梯阅读（以下内容摘自《徐老师原典英语自学法》（徐火辉著）第二章）在使用时，一定要做到聆听先行，听读结合，即：■①打开一个MP3文件（一般3~5分钟，最多不超过10分钟），不看任何文本，先静气聆听3~5遍后，谨记：千万不可看文本；■②聆听至少3遍后，打开PDF阅读刚才听的部分，生词可以用金山词霸查，大概读2~3遍；■③关掉PDF，闭目再听1~2遍;■④最后，可以进行跟读，朗诵，背诵，写作等操练。
◆◆◆◆◆方案1.暑期50天自学速成训练方案◆◆◆◆◆训练素材：香港商务印书馆授权上海华东师范大学出版的Black Cat优质英语阶梯有声读物Level1-Level6+VOA慢速英语。
训练量：每天运用原典英语训练法学习6个小时，总训练时间300小时。
训练目标：听读能力达到高考水准。
训练具体方法：从Black Cat系列有声读物Level1起步，每个Level选约4个故事，一个故事一个故事地运用原典英语学习法的432+模式训练，即先专注听4遍，随即立刻认真读3遍，然后再聆听2遍。
Black Cat系列有声读物Level1–Level3的每个故事长度平均约30分钟，并进一步分割成平均约4分钟左右的段落（课文/音频文件），Level4-Level6的每个故事长度平均约50分钟。
学习者要一课一课地完成聆听-阅读-聆听。
即，（1）.从Level1的某个故事开始，先专注聆听4遍约4分钟的音频文件，共约16分钟；（2）.然后在电脑上打开对应的文本文件，激活翻译软件的屏幕取词翻译功能，认真阅读理解3遍；但除了零起点的学生，一般不要用翻译软件的整句翻译功能，而应该自己先努力阅读理解，碰到生词再使用翻译软件翻译目标生词，碰到个别实在无法理解难句可尝试使用整句翻译（但整句翻译往往并不准确）；（3）.再将此阅读过的内容，认真重复聆听2遍。
完成这一轮训练后，一般就可立刻进入到下一篇课文/音频文件，继续采用上述432模式程序训练…。
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6) Occupy or engage the interest of
e.g. His book completely involved me during the entire week.
4. involve
7) make complex or intricate or complicated e.g. The situation in the middle east is rather involved.
language, flags, hairstyles, road signs, smiles, business suits– the list is endless
• Humans have the ability to use symbols to convey shared ideas which is the basis of our cultural being.
the arts and the artistic activities that concern ‘refined’ pursuits in which the ‘cultured’ person engage
• the learned, primarily symbolic features of a particular way of life * What, then, is a symbol?
II. Cause of the culture war
Diverse population ( why?) Different ideas: authority meaning of truth limits of free expression nature of community * transition: …affects … all …, especially …
Warm-up activities
Media & College life
• Which of the following are available in your college life? books, newspapers, magazines films, radio, tapes, television video games, Internet • Discuss their influences on your lives, their positive or/and negative (if any) roles. • Do you think a college student’s access to the media needs to be regulated? Why or why not?
A. fairly biased against traditional values B. censorship: ignore & ridicule
II. Conservative strategies:
• A. _______________________ • B. _______________________ • C. _______________________
e.g. Show me the evidence that involved the governor in the scandal.
2) Engage as a participant
e.g. Never try to involve me in your private affairs.
3) Have as a necessary feature or consequence; entail
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Concerning
about or relating to e.g. The police are anxious for any information concerning the woman’s whereabouts.
4. involve
1)connect closely and often incriminatingly
III. Liberal defense
A. market force & consumer preference B. reality C. value of freedom of expression
Difficult Sentences
Conservatives have threatened consumer boycotts of offending local theaters and bookstores, and of sponsors of television programs. (para.5)
1. identity
3) exact sameness e.g. They shared an identity of interests.
2. diverse
1) different; unlike; dissimilar; distinct; separate e.g. It’s difficult to design a program that will meet the diverse needs of all our users. 2) capable of various forms; multiform e.g. Eloquence is a great and diverse thing.
Part I: (Paras 1-3) Introduction
Culture war (What, why, and how)
I. What is culture war?
A. Definition (J.D. Hunter) B. How does Hunter view the war? national identity C. What is the essence of the conflict? values rapid social changes
but they may also share one culture.
How to define culture then?
Outside the natural science, “culture” is chiefly used in three relatively distinct senses:
Understand the basic definitions of culture understand the main idea of the two readings understand the organization of the text grasp some words and expressions, and grammatical structures in the text. text. master some writing skills: cause and effect skills: learn the translatability of puns
III. Mass media in the culture war
A. the role of the mass media B. how to play the role C. the central feature of the culture war? why?
1. identity
1) the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity e.g. You can lose your identity when you join the army. 2) an operator that leaves unchanged the element on which it operates e.g. The identity under numerical multiplication is 1.
保守派已经向演售违禁内容的地方剧院和 书店，以及电视节目赞助商威胁发动消费 者抵制活动。
Movies drenched in sex and gore, gangsta rap, even outright pornography, are not some sort of alien interstellar dust malevolently drifting down on us, but products actively sought out and beloved by millions. (para. 6)
New Era Interactive English Level 3
Chapter 6 Media and Culture
Li Xin Faculty of College English Teaching
Teaching objectives
• Students will be able to:
e.g. The decision involves many people.
4. involve
4) Contain as a part
e.g. This decision involves many people.
5) Wrap
e.g. The mountain is involved in mist.
3. concern
1) to have to do with or relate to e.g. An article that concerns the flood stricken area. 2) to be of interest or importance to e.g. This problem concerns all of us. A good king concerns himself in the happiness of his subjects.