非谓语动词doing的时态和语态
动词-ing 形式 非谓语动词,动名词,现在分词
动词-ing 形式动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语及状语。
动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语,有时态和语态的变化。
主动形式被动形式一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done 否定形式: not+ -ing 构成一、动词-ing形式作主语1. 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。
如：Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种很好的锻炼。
Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯。
Asking a woman’s age is impolite in some countries.在一些国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。
2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it作形式主语。
如：It is no use / no good / fun / hard work / a hard (difficult) job / a waste of time / dangerous / worthwhile / useless + doing。
如:It’s no use making an excuse for this.为这件事找借口是没有用的。
It is no good waiting for other people to make decisions for you. 等别人替你做决定是没有用的。
It’s a waste of time talking about such a useless thing. 谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。
二、动词-ing用作宾语1. 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有：finish, enjoy, avoid, admit, keep, mind, imagine, risk, practice, appreciate, consider, escape, miss, suggest, can’t stand, can’t help, give up, feel like, put off, permit等。
Doing非doing,用法不一样
Doing非doing，用法不一样Doing是非谓语动词中的一种，但是在英语中由于用法不同有两个说法，一个是动名词，另一个是现在分词，该语法即是学习难点，又是高考重要考点，而学生还容易混淆，为此笔者做了一些总结，希望有助于“doing”一词用法的学习一、动名词动名词的形式及特性：动名词的形式是由动词原形+ing 构成，动名词有时态和语态的变化，兼有动词和名词的特征，因而在句中可以作主语、表语、定语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语等。
1.doing的一般式是doing，表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或在其后发生，或表示一般情况。
Eg. Learning is important to modern lifeIt’s a wonder meeting you hereI am thinking of getting a new dictionary2. doing的完成式为having done，动名词的完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生，he didn’t mention having failed the exam.He denied having done anything illegal.但是要注意有些明确表示时间的动词和介词after/on/upon/for之后，常用一般式代替完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
After having （had）some practice，he decided to try again.After hearing（=having heard）that good news，she couldn’t help laughing3. doing 的被动语态为being done：当动名词的逻辑主语是行为的承受者时，用被动语态eg. This question is far from being settledshe is proud of being admitted into the university.Being lost in the forest is a terrible thing4. 特殊情况必须用动名词：1）动名词做宾语：有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。
非谓语doing
非谓语Doing1.引入：回顾什么叫非谓语，即非谓语动词使用条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（一副主谓）,又没有连词（并列连词和从属连词）的情况下,还有别的动词出现时，这个动词就要使用非谓语动词形式。
Iloveyou.Iloveyou but youdontloveme.Ilovetheboy who doesn'tloveme.Cherryenjoys sing.???2.非谓语动词形式todo表未作的事情，表目的Doing表正在进行或客观规律(经常发生)Done被动Eg.Cherryenjoys singing(暗含经常发生)Eg.IsawXXsittingthere.(表正在进行)1.分解doing：Doing表正在进行或客观规律(经常发生)2.Doing的时态和语态动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常要用完成式，否则都用一般式。
如：Weareinterestedinplayingchess.Hewaspraisedforhavingfinishedtheworkaheadoftime.I’msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.及物动词不及物动词主动被动主动一般时doing beingdone doing完成时havingdone havingbeendone havingdone1.分词的时态1、与主语动词同时。
如：Arrivingthere,theyfoundtheboydead.刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。
Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,______alongspeechforthepresident.AtoprepareBpreparingCpreparedDwaspreparing答案：B2、先于主语动词分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用havingdone。
如：Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk.做完作业，他出去散步。
非谓语动词之动词ing的用法
非谓语动词ing基本用法一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义(基本用法)不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。
一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如：________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选 Bb. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s useless doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。
谓语动词、非谓语动词vs时态、语态
谓语动词、非谓语动词 vs时态、语态四级语法讲义一:时态:所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。
谓语动词的时态见下表:过去现在将来过去将来一般 did do will/shall do should/woulddo 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成had done have/has done will/shall have should/woulddone have done用于虚拟语气完成进行 had been doing have/has been / /doing1(主动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般 was/were given am/is/are givenwill/shall be given should/wouldbe given 进行 was/were being am/is/are being / /given given完成 had been given have/has been will/shall have should/wouldgiven been given have beengiven 完成进行 / / / 2(被动形式, CET-4 常考的三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。
, 时间状语从句当中的时态:一般过去时所有的过去用一般现在时表示现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成一(非谓语动词一(不定式:一)不定式的常考形式:1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能: 表示与谓语动词同步发生2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前二)不定式常考的考点:1)不定式做定语----将要发生2)不定式做状语----目的3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性;+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
非谓语ing讲解及用法
V.。
ing形式Ⅰ“回眸”动词—ing形式我们已经比较系统地学习过动词ing形式的用法，现在简要回顾一下:判断其作何种成分。
(1) This is an interesting book. （)（2) The woman sitting by the window is our maths teacher. （）（3) Seeing the bird，the bear suddenly stood up. （)（4) I saw the man walking on the street yesterday。
（）(5) Playing football is his favorite sport. ( ）（6）I didn’t stop working last night。
（)（7) My work is teaching English. ( )动词—ing是动词非谓语形式中的一种，单独使用时, 能在句中做除_____ 之外的任何其他句子成分。
如：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。
作状语时,可表时间、条件、原因、让步或伴随。
动词-ing形式的否定式是在其前加not；动词-ing形式的完成式为；动词—ing 形式的被动式为；动词—ing形式的完成被动式为；动词-ing形式之前可以有自己的逻辑主语，这种逻辑主谓结构称为,在句中作状语，如本单元中出现的句子: The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them。
Ⅱ聚焦V—ing形式作状语V-ing形式作状语,可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件等.试判断下面句子属于何种状语：1。
She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. ( ）2. Hang Wei went to school, taking a train. ( )3. While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. ( ）4. Not having received a reply，we wrote again. ( ）5。
非谓语doing
非谓语 Doing1.引入：回顾什么叫非谓语，即非谓语动词使用条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（一副主谓）,又没有连词（并列连词和从属连词）的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时，这个动词就要使用非谓语动词形式。
I love you .I love you but you dont love me .I love the boy who doesn't love me .Cherry enjoys sing.2.非谓语动词形式 to do 表未作的事情，表目的Doing 表正在进行或客观规律(经常发生)Done 被动enjoys singing (暗含经常发生)saw XX sitting there.(表正在进行)1.分解doing：Doing 表正在进行或客观规律(经常发生)的时态和语态动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常要用完成式，否则都用一般式。
如：We are interested in playing chess.He was praised for having finished the work ahead of time.I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.1.分词的时态1、与主语动词同时。
如：Arriving there, they found the boy dead.刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。
The secretary worked late into the night, ______ a long speech forthe president.A to prepareB preparingC preparedD waspreparing答案：B2、先于主语动词分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用havingdone。
如：Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.做完作业，他出去散步。
英语非谓语
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do2、动词的ing : doing3、动词的过去分词：done。
其中不定式表示目的和将来;动词的ing表示主动和进行；过去分词表示被动和完成。
非谓语动词三种形式在句中充当不同的成分，表达不同的意义，具体如下表：非谓语动词的时态和语态：一般式：不定式：主动to do ，被动to be done ; ing 形式：主动doing ，被动being done ;过去分词：被动done完成式：不定式：主动to have done ，被动to have been done;ing 形式：主动having done，被动having been done进行式：不定式to be doing1、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，（to）+ do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
否定式：not + (to) do 如：(1)作主语：动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。
常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。
2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。
(2)作表语：动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别。
如：Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。
(3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.;②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?(4)作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do,he didn't go to the cinema．他有很多工作要做，所以没去电影院。
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非谓语动词——doing （2）
1.doing: 一般式表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在其前发生。
(When)Walking along the beach at dawn,you can enjoy the beautiful sunrise.
The students rushed out , talking and laughing.
Being ill, I can’t go to school .
Not knowing his phone number , I can't get touch with him.
2.having done: 完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
The old lady forgot having paid for the goods.
Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditionalcustoms.
Having suffered such heavy loss in the hurricane, the famers didn’t expect to have a good harvest. 3.being done/having been done: 被动形式表示doing和被修饰词或主语是被动关系。
being done 是正在被动的动作；having been done 是已经被动的动作。
Being interviewed by a repoter now, he can't answer your call.
The man attended my birthday party without being invited.
The building being built beside the playground will serve as our school gym.
Having been beaten many times, she still didn’t give up
Not having been invited to the party, Mary was greatly hurt.
4、doing作插入语
Generally speaking, Chinese is more difficult to learn than English.
Judging from/by his accent, he must come from Canada.
Considering his age, the boy did it quite well.
Supposing it rains tomorrow，what shall we do？
翻译练习
1 He sat there, not daring to say a word.
2 The man attended my birthday party without being invited.
3 The kind girl ought to be praised instead of being criticized.
4 Being watched by strangers now , I feel upset.
5 I forgot having given her a call last night.
6 The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.
7 Having found the cause,the doctors were able to treat the disease and cure it.
8 Having suffered such heavy loss in the hurricane, the famers didn’t expect to have a good harvest.
9 Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional customs.
10 Not having received a reply, he wrote again to ask about what was going on.
11 Not having completed the programme, we had to stay there for another two weeks.
12 The storm left, having caused a lot of damage to the area.
13 The old man, having been abroad for 20 years, is on the way to his homeland.
14 Having been told many times , she finnally undstood it.
15 Having been warned again and again, the student still w ouldn’t realize his mistake.
16 Having been shown around the Ware Cube, we were taken to see the Bird’s Nest.
17 Not having been invited to the party, the woman felt very unhappy.
18 Not having been told the extra departure time, I missed the flight.
19 Never having been praised by his teacher , the student gradually lost interest in study.
20 For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.
句意：对于很多老年人来说，特别是那些独自居住在乡间的老年人，驾驶对于保持他们（老年人）的独立性是非常重要的，这也给了他们出行而不用依赖他人的自由。