山东省高考英语二轮复习专题整合突破八非谓语动词

八、非谓语动词

真题试做

1．(2012山东高考，26)George returned after the war, only ______ that his wife had left him.

A．to be told B．telling

C．being told D．told

2．(2011山东高考，27)Look over there—there's a very long，winding path ______ up to the house.

A．leading B．leads

C．led D．to lead

3．(2010山东高考，23)I have a lot of readings ______ before the end of this term.

A．completing B．to complete

C．completed D．being completed

4．(2010山东高考，29)The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.

A．laid B．laying

C．to lay D．being laid

考向分析

1．考查对谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别，要求明确句子的结构和意义，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。

2．考查不定式和动名词作宾语的区别，要求掌握一些常见动词后面所接宾语的形式。

3．考查非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语时的区别，尤其是不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语所表示的不同时间、逻辑关系和意义。现在分词和不定式作结果状语时的区别应引起足够重视。

4．考查非谓语动词的否定式、完成式、被动式及复合结构，要求掌握其构成形式、所表示的时间以及逻辑关系。

热点例析

考点一：谓语与非谓语形式的识别

试题以复杂的结构和冗长的句式呈现，考查考生是否能瞻前顾后地分清句子成分、理解句子结构、明白句子意义，正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。

【典例分析】 (2012浙江高考，8)I think Tom，as the head of a big department，should either study regularly or ______ his job.

A．quits B．to quit

C．quitting D．quit

答案为D项。该句使用了either ... or ...并列结构，either后面是动词原形study，or后面也应该是动词原形quit，故选择D项构成并列谓语。

(2012全国高考Ⅱ，10)Tony lent me the money，______ that I'd do as much for him.

A．hoping B．to hope

C．hoped D．having hoped

答案为A项。由于空前没有连词，应排除谓语形式的C项，如果用hoped则应在空前加and；根据空前的逗号可排除B项，因为动词不定式作目的状语时其前不加逗号；“希望……”并不是发生在“托尼借给我钱”之前，故排除表示完成的having hoped；由于Tony与hope 之间存在主动关系，故选择现在分词hoping作状语。

考点二：非谓语形式作主语

非谓语形式作主语时，形式主语it常用来代替不定式短语作主语。如：

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.

但在It is no use/good doing sth.和It is a waste of time doing sth.句型中，it

代替动名词短语作主语。如：

It's no use arguing with them.

【典例分析】 (2012浙江高考，3)No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when it's better ______ silent.

A．remain B．be remaining

C．having remained D．to remain

答案为D项。when在此处引导定语从句修饰times，在when引导的从句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to remain silent，表示“有时保持沉默更好”。

考点三：非谓语形式作宾语

1．部分动词(短语)后面只能接不定式作宾语。

常见的有：agree/ask/decide/demand/expect/fail/hope/learn/manage/offer/plan/promise/

pretend/refuse/wish/would like (love)

He agreed to lend me his bike.

He refused to say sorry to me.

2．部分动词(短语)后面只能接动名词作宾语。

常见的有：avoid/appreciate/consider/delay/enjoy/escape/excuse/finish/imagine/mind/miss/ practise/suggest/keep (on)/feel like/devote oneself to/give up/be (get) used to/be worth/insist on/look forward to/prefer...to...等。

He admitted taking my money.

Do you try to avoid making her annoyed?

3．部分动词(短语)后接不定式和动名词时，含义不同，应注意区分。

如：

I'll remember to post your letter.我会记住把你的信寄上的。

I don't remember saying this to him before.我不记得以前对他说过这件事。

如：

I forgot to tell him to come.我忘记叫他来了。

I'll never forget seeing him for the first time.我永远忘不了和他初次见面的情景。

如：

I regret to say that I can't accept your kind offer.很抱歉，我不能接受你那善意的提议。

I regret saying what was in my mind.我后悔说了心里话。

如：

You must try to improve your teaching method.你一定要试图改进你的教学方法。

If no one answers，try knocking at the back door.如果没人答应，试着敲敲后门。

如：

I meant to send you a postcard，but I didn't have your address with me.我本想寄一张明信片给你，但是我身边没有你的地址。

Starting too early means wasting your time.出发太早就是浪费时间。

如：

Let's stop to buy something to eat here.咱们在这里停停买些吃的吧。

Let's stop working and have a rest.咱们停下手里的活，歇一会儿。

如：

After reading the text，he went on to write the new words.读完课文之后，他接着写生词。

He went on telling us the story after a short rest.稍微休息之后他接着给我们讲故事。

如：

I want to join the army.我想参军。

The road needs rebuilding.这条路修需要重新修建。

如：

I can't help to carry the box because my arm hurts.我不能帮忙搬箱子，因为我胳膊疼。

They couldn't help laughing when they saw him.他们看到他，忍不住大笑起来。

如：

I advised holding a meeting to discuss the matter.我建议开一个会来讨论这件事情。

He often advises people to use their brains.他常常劝人动动脑子。

【典例分析】 (2012安徽高考，24)I remembered ______ the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.

A．locking B．to lock

C．having locked D．to have locked

答案为B项。remember to do sth.意为“记着要做某事”，remember doing sth.意为“记着做过某事”。“在离开办公室前就把门锁上”显然不合逻辑，所以应选不定式作宾语。句意：我在离开办公室以前，记着了要锁门，但是忘了要关灯。

(2012北京高考，23)One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.

A．corrects B．correct

C．to correct D．correcting

答案为D项。在介词by后面，and 前后连接两个并列宾语，根据making可知此处选correcting。句意：一个人在犯错和纠错中学会一种语言。

考点四：非谓语形式作定语

1．时间关系不同：不定式作定语通常表示一个未发生的动作；现在分词作定语通常表示一个正在进行的动作、经常性的动作或状态；过去分词作定语多表已完成的动作，或没有一定的时间性(只表示被动)。如：

I have a lot of work to do.

The tall girl standing there is a basketball player.

This is a play written by Shakespeare.

2．逻辑关系不同：不定式所修饰的词可能是它的逻辑主语，也可能是它的逻辑宾语；现在分词作定语时，它所修饰的词一定是它的逻辑主语；过去分词作定语所修饰的词一般是它的逻辑宾语。如：

He is the first to get here.

He is the man to depend on.

He is the very person looking for you.

A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.

3．不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，不要遗漏必要的介词。如：

He found a good house to live in.

【典例分析】 (2012浙江高考，11)“It's such a nice place，” Mother said as she sat at the table______ for customers.

A．to be reserved B．having reserved

C．reserving D．reserved

答案为D项。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语形式修饰table，“桌子”是“被预订或保留”的，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。

考点五：非谓语形式作状语

1．不定式作状语：

(1)表示目的，直接用不定式或so as to/in order to。如：

He worked day and night to get the money.

(2)表示结果，更常见于so...as to，such...as to，enough to，too...to结构中，only 接不定式也常表示出乎意料的结果。如：

I visited him only to find him out.

(3)表示原因，用在作表语的某些表示情感的形容词或过去分词后面，说明产生某种情绪的原因或是在哪方面存在谓语所表示的情况等。如：

They were very sad to hear the news.

2．现在分词作状语：

现在分词作状语表示的必须是主语的一个动作，即分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

现在分词可以作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、方式状语和伴随状语。作原因状语时，通常放在句首；作结果状语时，通常放在句子后面，表示自然而然的结果。如：Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy.

He fired his gun，killing the wolf.

All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem.

3．过去分词作状语：

过去分词的动作与句子的主语是逻辑上的动宾关系。

过去分词可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语和伴随状语。如：

Seen from the hill，the city looks more beautiful.

Given better attention，the cabbages could have grown better.

【典例分析】 (2012辽宁高考，29)This machine is very easy ______.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.

A．operating B．to be operating

C．operated D．to operate

答案为D项。句意：这台机器很容易操作。任何人几分钟就会学会使用。该题应选不定式作表语形容词的状语，说明在哪一方面存在这个形容词表示的情况或产生这种情绪的原因。

(2012北京高考，27)______ with care，one tin will last for six weeks.

A．Use B．Using

C．Used D．To use

答案为C项。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作状语，且与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故选C项。句意：如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以用六周。

(2012天津高考，11)He got up late and hurried to his office，______ the breakfast untouched.

A．left B．to leave

C．leaving D．having left

答案为C项。句意：他起床晚了，匆忙赶往办公室，早餐一动没动。现在分词短语在此处作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。

(2012四川高考，6)Tom took a taxi to the airport，only______his plane high up in the sky.

A．finding B．to find

C．being found D．to have found

答案为B项。only后接不定式表示意想不到的结果，所以应选B项作结果状语。to have found表示动作发生在主句谓语took之前，时间上有误。句意：汤姆乘出租车去了飞机场，却发现飞机已经飞在高空了。

考点六：非谓语形式作补语

1．advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persu ade/tell/warn/wish等动词后面常用不定式作补语。如：

Tell the children not to play on the street.

The police warned us not to go out at night.

2．make/let/have等使役动词后面用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动句中则使用带to的不定式。如：

They make the students do too much homework every day.

The students are made to do too much homework every day.

3．感官动词后面可用不带to的不定式或分词作补语。

从时间上看，不定式表示发生或完成；现在分词强调正在进行；过去分词表示完成。

从逻辑关系上看，不定式和现在分词与宾语之间存在着主谓关系；过去分词与宾语之间存在着动宾关系。如：

I saw him cross the street.我看到他穿过了大街。

I saw him crossing the street.我看到他正在穿过大街。

I saw him surrounded by a group of students.我看到一群学生围着他。

4．介词with和without后面可接复合宾语。不定式作补语常表示将来；现在分词作补语常表示宾语与补语是主动关系或正在进行；过去分词作补语常表示宾语与补语是被动关系或已经完成。如：

I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.

【典例分析】 (2012四川高考，8)I looked up and noticed a snake______its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.

A．to wind B．wind

C．winding D．wound

答案为C项。句意：我抬起头来，注意到一条蛇为了捉到它的早餐，正盘旋着往树上爬。在感官动词noticed后面，宾语a snake和wind为主动关系，所以应选现在分词形式作补语，表示主动、进行。

(2012辽宁高考，25)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ______ them.

A．to follow B．following

C．followed D．follows

答案为B项。句意：这对老年夫妇经常晚饭后去公园散步，后面跟着他们的宠物狗。此

处是with的复合结构，可排除D项；由于宾语dog与follow之间为逻辑上的主动关系，可排除C项；不定式一般表示将来，可排除A项；答案为B项，现在分词形式作补语。

考点七：非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式

1．非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。

He pretended not to see me.

I regret not following his advice.

Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam.

2．不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。

当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式动作正在进行，不定式要用进行式。

The boy pretended to be working hard.

当不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生时，不定式要用完成式。

I happened to have seen the film.

当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。

The patient asked to be operated on at once.

3．动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。

We remembered having seen the film.

He came to the party without being invited.

He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.

His not knowing English troubled him a lot.

4．现在分词的完成式和被动式。

当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作之前发生时，现在分词要用完成式。

Having done his homework，he played basketball.

当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。

The problem being discussed is very important.

Having been told many times，the naughty boy made the same mistake.

【典例分析】 (2012湖南高考，21)We've had a good start，but next，more work needs ______ to achieve the final success.

A．being done B．do

C．to be done D．to do

答案为C项。句意：我们已经有了一个很好的开端，但要想获得最终的成功，接下来更多的工作还需要完成。主语more work与后面的do存在被动关系，所以needs后面要用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语。

(2012福建高考，28)China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______ in the South China Sea.

A．attacking B．having attacked

C．being attacked D．having been attacked

答案为C项。由于Chinese fishing boats与attack之间存在被动关系，所以排除表示主动的A项和B项；由句意“最近中国加紧对黄岩岛附近水域的控制来阻止中国渔船在中国南海受到攻击”可知attack的动作并没有发生，因此排除表示完成的D项；故答案为C项。

(2012重庆高考，28)We're having a meeting in half an hour.The decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.

A．to be made B．being made

C．made D．having been made

答案为A项。根据第一句in half an hour可知，会议还没有开始，因此决定还没有做出，只是将要做出，故排除B、C、D三项；不定式作定语表示将来，符合题意。句意：半小时后我们将举行一次会议，在会议上将要做出的决定会影响我们公司的将来。

误区警示

1．非谓语动词作宾语的易错点

(2012上海高考，33) When Peter speaks in public，he always has trouble ______ the right things to say.

A．thinking of B．to think of

C．thought of D．think of

【错混透析】A have trouble (in) doing sth.为固定句式，意为“做某事有困难(麻烦)”，故A项正确。该题易误选B项，主要是没有看清这是一个固定句式。

【解题指导】解答非谓语动词作宾语的题目，应注意以下三点：

(1)有的动词后面只能接不定式作宾语；有的动词后面只能接动词-ing形式作宾语；有的动词后接不定式和动词-ing形式均可，意义区别不大；还有部分动词后接不定式和动词-ing 形式时，含义不同。应牢记这几类不同的动词。

(2)有些短语中的to是介词，应接动词-ing形式作宾语，不要误认为是不定式符号，而接动词原形。

(3)有些动词短语中的介词in或from常省略，后面应接动词-ing形式。

2．非谓语动词作定语的易错点

(2011江西高考，32)On receiving a phone call from his wife ______ she had a fall，Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.

A．says B．said

C．saying D．to say

【错混透析】 C 句意：一接到妻子的电话说她摔倒的时候，戈登先生立刻从办公室冲回家。从句子结构看，此处应用非谓语动词作定语修饰phone call，由于phone call 和say 之间为主动关系，所以应用动词-ing的形式。

(2011全国高考Ⅱ，15)The island，______ to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.

A．joining B．to join

C．joined D．having joined

【错混透析】 C join A to B意为“把A与B连接起来”。此处逻辑主语the island 与join为被动关系，所以使用过去分词作定语，相当于非限制性定语从句which is joined to...。

(2012湖南高考，31)The lecture，______ at 7：00 pm last night，was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.

A．starting B．being started

C．to start D．to be started

【错混透析】A 句意：报告于昨晚七点开始，报告之后便是用望远镜观察月球。start 在此用作不及物动词，表示“开始”，故用现在分词形式作后置定语，相当于which started...。不定式一般表示将来，C、D项错误；若start用作及物动词，则此处需表示被动，而B项being started 表示正在开始，时间上错误。如果忽视了报告的时间，该题易误选C项。

【解题指导】解答非谓语形式作定语的题目，可以从三方面着手。

(1)理解句子结构，不要被假象所迷惑，确定所选的答案是用来修饰名词或代词的。

(2)分析非谓语动词发生的时间。表示将来通常用不定式形式；表示进行通常用现在分词形式；表示完成通常用过去分词形式。

(3)分析非谓语动词与所修饰的名词或代词的逻辑关系。主动关系通常用现在分词形式；被动关系通常用过去分词形式。

3．非谓语动词作状语的易错点

(2012陕西高考，15)______ in a long queue，we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.

A．Standing B．To stand

C．Stood D．Stand

【错混透析】A 句意：我们排在长长的队伍中，等着商店开门买一台新的平板电脑。由于逗号前后没有任何关联词，所以不能选择D项构成祈使句；不定式在句首时通常作目的状语，B项不合逻辑；分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作状语，且句子主语we与stand之间是主动关系，故选A项。如果不注意逗号前后的逻辑和时间关系，易误选B项；如果不注意句与句之间的关联关系，有可能误选D项。

(2011天津高考，12)______ into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely

different word order.

A．Translating B．Translated

C．To translate D．Having translated

【错混透析】 B 句子主语the sentence与translate为被动关系，所以应选过去分词形式作状语。

(2011四川高考，11)Simon made a big bamboo box ______ the little sick bird till it could fly.

A．keep B．kept

C．keeping D．to keep

【错混透析】 D 根据句意和逻辑关系判断，该题应选不定式形式作目的状语。

【解题指导】非谓语形式作状语时，应注意以下三点。

(1)不定式通常作目的状语。

(2)现在分词作状语时，与句子主语是主动关系。

(3)过去分词作状语时，与句子主语是被动关系。

4．非谓语动词作补语的易错点

(2012四川高考，12)Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car______.

A．washed B．wash

C．washing D．to wash

【错混透析】A car和wash为被动关系，故选washed作补语表示被动。句意：在你开车驶入这所城市前，你应该先洗车。“get ＋宾语＋to do sth.”意为“使宾语做某事”，宾语与后面的补语为主动关系，所以逻辑关系判断失误会造成误选D项。

(2011浙江高考，14)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.

A．lose B．lost

C．to lose D．having lost

【错混透析】 B 该题易误选A项，考生可能会将find sb.do与find oneself done混淆。根据句意“即使最好的作家有时也会觉得自己无法用语言表达”可知，四个选项围绕lose 变化。lost for words为过去分词短语作宾补，意为“(惊讶，困惑等得)不知说什么好”。

【解题指导】非谓语形式可以在动词后面作补语，也可以在with的复合结构中作补语。

(1)在“一感(feel)二听(hear，listen)三让(let，make，have)四看(see，watch，notice，observe)”等动词后面，可以跟不带to的不定式或者分词作宾补。不定式表示动作的全过程，说明某事已发生；现在分词表示动作正在进行，还未结束，现在分词和宾语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系；过去分词表示被动和完成，没有一定的时间性，过去分词和宾语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。

(2)with复合结构的构成是“with＋宾语＋宾补”，宾补可以由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等来充当。若用过去分词作宾补表示被动和完成；用现在分词作宾补表示主动和进行；用动词不定式作宾补表示将来。

5．非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式易错点

(2011浙江高考，19)If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.

A．being cheered B．be cheered

C．to be cheered D．were cheered

【错混透析】 C 从句子结构来看，前面已经有are going to tour，中间又没有连词，不可能出现两个独立谓语，所以应选非谓语形式，可排除B、D两项；A、C两项都表示被动，区别在于being done强调正在进行，而动词不定式to be done表示将来。根据句子的时态判断应选C项。

(2012重庆高考，23) ______ to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.

A．Having been asked B．To ask

C．Having asked D．To be asked

【错混透析】A 由后句“I missed a wonderful film”可知，那晚上加班已经发生，由于不定式表示将来，可排除B、D两项；ask与主语I 之间应为被动关系，故用现在分词的完成被动式作状语。句意：那天晚上被要求加班，我错过了一场好看的电影。如果主语与ask 的逻辑关系判断失误，有可能会误选C项，如果忽视了发生的时间，有可能会误选D项。

【解题指导】具体运用中，不定式和现在分词可以有多种形式，过去分词只有一种形式。

(1)当不定式的动作正在进行时，不定式要用进行式；当不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生时，不定式要用完成式；当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。

(2)当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作之前发生时，现在分词要用完成式；当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。

(3)现在分词的完成被动式和过去分词都表示被动和完成，两种形式作状语时常可互换，但作定语时只能用过去分词形式，不能用现在分词的完成被动式。

1．(2012山东德州期末，31)______ himself to the life abroad，he has to keep his knowledge and skills updated.

A．To accommodate B．Accommodating

C．Having accommodated D．Accommodated

2．(2012山东淄博六中四模，24) What made me sad was that I went to see her the day before yesterday ______ her dead on her bed.

A．to find B．finding

C．found D．find

3．(2012山东莱州一中二模，32)—Is Bob still working in your school?

— I'm afraid not.He is said ______ and ______ in a private school recently.

A．to resign；to teach B．to have resigned；to teach

C．to resign；to teach D．to have resigned；to be teaching 4．(2012山东东营利津二模，31) Cao Cao's tomb is reported ______ in Anyang，which attracts nationwide attention.

A．being found B．to be found

C．having been found D．to have been found

5．(2012济南四模，14)—What do you think made Maria upset?

— ______ the English exam.

A．Failing B．As she failed

C．Failed D．Because of failing

6．(2012甘肃武威六中二诊，9)University of Cambridge，______ in 1209，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.

A．found B．founding

C．founded D．to be founded

7．Under the environment of fierce competition，the only way John could imagine ______ stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts.

A．handling B．to handle

C．handled D．having handled

8．(2012济南一模，6) In the yard was an old man telling stories，with quite a few children ______ him.

A．to surround B．surrounded

C．surrounding D．being surrounded

9．(2012济南一中期末，29) A fire broke out in the building at 7：30 on Tuesday morning，______ in the death of a young girl.

A．having resulted B．resulted

C．being resulted D．resulting

10．(2012山东菏泽实验高中月考，26) ______ this problem，they don't know how to

deal with it.

A．Face B．Faced

C．Facing D．To be faced

11．(2012山东实验中学二模，24) ______all the doors were locked，Mr.Goodman left for New York on holiday.

A．Checking B．Checked

C．To check D．Having checked

12．(2012山东淄博六中五模，29) The TV play ______ the story of Brother Sharp (犀利哥) will be made soon.

A．being based on B．based on

C．be based on D．basing on

13．(2012山东枣庄期末，23) Though ______ to see us，he gave us a warm welcome.

A．surprise B．to be surprised

C．surprising D．surprised

14．(2012山东莱芜期末，30)—Do you think you could get this parcel ______ for me，please?

—Consider it done!

A．to mail B．mailed

C．mailing D．mail

15．(2012山东聊城五校期末，26) My uncle sang a few old songs，my aunt ______ the piano to accompany him.

A．played B．to play

C．playing D．play

参考答案

八、非谓语动词

命题调研·明晰考向

真题试做

1．A 考查非谓语动词。句意：乔治战后回来，却被告知妻子已离他而去了。此处应用不定式作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果，而且主语George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。

2．A 考查非谓语动词。句意：看那边有一条蜿蜒曲折的小路通向那所房子。前面已有谓语动词，故此处要选用非谓语动词形式，因此排除B项，且path与lead之间为主动关系，故排除C项，此处是非谓语动词作定语，leading相当于定语从句which leads，故此处用现在分词形式。

3．B 考查非谓语动词。动词不定式作定语时，若不定式和它修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且又和该句主语或宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，常用不定式的主动形式。该题中complete和readings之间是被动关系，但是complete同时又和句子的主语I存在主动关系，所以用动词不定式的主动形式作定语。句意为“在这一学期结束之前，我有很多材料要阅读完”。

4．A 考查with复合结构。句意为“起居室既干净又整洁，里面有一张早已放好的预备要开饭的餐桌。”with复合结构的构成是：with＋宾语＋宾补，宾补可以由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等来充当，其中宾语和补足语之间是主语和谓语的关系。若用过去分词作补足语表示被动和完成；用现在分词作补足语表示主动和进行；用动词不定式作补足语表示将来。由语境可知，要用过去分词作补足语，表示桌子早已被放好了。

创新模拟·预测演练

1．A accommodate oneself to意为“使自己适应……”，根据句意判断逗号前面是后面的目的，所以选用不定式作目的状语。

2．A 根据句意判断应选不定式形式，表示出人意料的结果。

3．D 根据句意看出鲍勃已经辞职，现在正在一家私立学校教书，所以第一个空应用不定式的完成式，第二个空应用不定式的进行式。

4．D 句意：据报道，安阳发现了曹操墓，引起了全国(民众)的关注。be reported后面必须接不定式形式，而且从句意看出“已经发现”，所以用不定式的完成式表示动作已经发生。

5．A 该题的答语为省略句，完整的回答为“(I think) Failing the English exam (made Maria upset)．”，所以应选动名词形式作主语。

6．C 动词found“创立，建立”和其逻辑主语University of Cambridge“剑桥大学”之间为动宾关系，所以应该用动词的过去分词形式作定语，答案为C项。

7．B 该句中John could imagine作the only way的定语，考查结构the way to do sth.，故选B项。

8．C 该句用到了with的复合结构，由于宾语quite a few children与surround是主谓关系，所以应选现在分词形式作宾语补足语。

9．D result in意为“导致”，主语A fire与其为主动关系，所以应选现在分词形式作结果状语，表示失火后自然而然地造成的结果。

10．C face意为“面对着”，与句子主语they是主动关系，所以应选现在分词形式作状语。

11．D 不定式通常表示将来，可排除C项；句子主语与check为主谓关系，且从句意看出“已经检查”，所以应选现在分词的完成式作状语。

12．B 根据后面的谓语will be made可知此处应选非谓语形式；base...on...意为“把……作为……的基础；把……建立在……基础之上”，The TV play与base之间为被动关系，所以应选过去分词形式作定语。

13．D surprise为及物动词，意为“使……吃惊”，与句子主语he之间是动宾关系，所以应选过去分词形式，此处是Though he was surprised to see us的省略。

14．B get为使役动词，意为“使得”，“get＋宾语＋to do”结构意为“使……做某事”，“get＋宾语＋done”结构意为“使……被做”。根据句意判断应选B项。

15．C 由于没有连词，所以逗号后面不能构成句子，可排除谓语形式的A、D两项；不定式通常表示将来，不合句意；答案为C项，my aunt与现在分词形式构成独立主格结构作状语。

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2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）英语第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节,满分35分）第一节语法和词汇知识运用（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 21. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or __________. A. whoever B. wherever C. whatever D. however 22. — Sorry I’m late. I got stuck in traffic. — _________. You’re here now. Come in and sit down. A. You are welcome B. That’s right C. I have no idea D. Never mind 23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what 24. My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. A. expression B. attention C. satisfaction D. impression 25. It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. how B. whether C. what D. why 26. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 27. He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as B. if C. unless D. though 28. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _______ working on his project. A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 29. Being able to afford _______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填；a 30. If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful. A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make C. didn’t make D. hadn’t

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山东省高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破八 非谓语动词