太原理工大学科技英语(二)全部复习资料.doc
科技英语综合练习复习资料(附答案)
科技英语综合练习复习资料(附答案)科技英语综合练习复习资料阅读理解Unit 1 term “games” in game theory all shares the characteristic of______?参考答案：D to the passage, recent research of game theory lays its emphasis on games conflict cooperation and cooperation 参考答案： D simultaneous-move games, the player should how the other players respond and then respond in turn conscious of the other players5 current actions thinking in a linear chain of reasoning and calculate the possible outcome to select his best response to what the others do 参考答案：D the sentence ‘‘Other games were considered in a cooperative form. That is, the participants were supposed to choose and implement theiractions jointly”，the underlined word “implement” means .____ 履行参考答案：B can i nfer from “The Prisoner’s Dilemma” of game theory that_____: belongs to the so-called zero-sum games because the interests af the prisoners conflict totally equilibrium can be reached in repeated plays of the game i参考答案：B to the authors, which of the following statements il true? ’s concept of equilibrium addresses the issues of both sequential-move and simultaneous-move games. pursuit of an equilibrium should end up looking for dominant strategies or eliminating dominated players. ’s concept of equilibrium doesn’t specify the dynamic process which can result in an equilibrium. equilibrium will ultimately be arrived at in simultaneous-move games. 参考答案：C keep the rival guessing or losing, the useof mixing moves can be found in ______ chopping wood conquering Mexico in 16th century securing a monopoly market tennis player hitting a passing shot 一个网球运动员参考答案：D the sentence \presumption that each person’s privately best choice will lead to a collectively optimal result”, the underl ined word “presumption” means _____. 假设参考答案：A of the following ways can enhance the credibility of threats and promise to affect the opponent in a strategic interaction? the rival guessing. the strategy of brinkmanship. to have a better outcome. and revealing information. 参考答案：B the sentence “A player can use threats and promises to alter other players’expectations of his future actions, and thereby induce them to take actions favorable to him or deter them from making moves that harm him”，theunderlined word “deter” means___阻止参考答案：D Unit 4 operators can offer their subscribers services like reserving bandwidth for specific application by using _______specification. 参考答案：B PCMM standard creates a framework that allows the_________ to control and change the allocated bandwidth for various services. modem keeping server manager devices 参考答案：D the sentence “The seamless Wi-Fi roaming technology would alert the mobile carrier when a user migrates into a Wi-Fi zone”, the unde rlined word “migrates” means参考答案：A of the following-is a compelling reason for promoting cellular roaming? operating expenditure. cell, phone’s markets. entertaining functions. overall communications. 通信参考答案：D networks are moving towardthe concept \ spot point spot 地铁站点 D. network node 参考答案：C of the following is the characteristic of meshed wireless network?, 参考答案：B the sentence “A hybrid TDM/IP approach can incorporate IP features in conjunction with an existing TDM-based PBX”,the underlined word \ 参考答案：B does the IP Centrex service use to provide all the IP calling features to the enterprise customer?A A context switch and feature server architecture.B A softswitch and management server architecture.C A context switch and management server architecture. D. A softswitch and feature server architecture. 软交换和特征服务参考答案：D the sentence “PON has been heralded as the chosen FTTP path for RBOCs”, the underlined word \ . 宣告参考答案：A actual number of active devices in anactive network is less than ________ more thain those in a passive network. % % % % 参考答案：A Unit 6 is the main point of the article? laws of thermodynamics will eventually cause computer system performance to plateau. computing is inevitable in the near future. computing will unlock the power of tomorrow’s computing platforms. principles of reversible computing. 参考答案：C computers, or adiabatic systems . existing technology to falter an alternative computing technique 代替计算技术quantum computers at a steep price 参考答案：B core elements to create a fully functional reversible computer system involve circuits, reversible power supply and reversible switches power supply and reversible switches circuits, reversible switches and reversible chips circuits,reversible power supply and reversible chips 可逆电路、可逆电源、可逆芯片参考答案：D of the following states why improvements in computing come at a steep price? computing architectures need to be changed. information inevitably produces heat. designs need to be re-engineered. and development tools need to be re-designed. 参考答案：A have been investigating alternative computing techniques such as _______to stave off the problems of conventional computing performance. computing 量子计算operations 参考答案：C the sentence “To stave off these problems, researchers have been investigating alternative computing techniques”, the underlined phrase-&stave off’means way to off 解决参考答案：D of the following lists all the fundamental computing performance bottlenecks?and software designs and leakage. heat dissipation and hardware and software designs. heat dissipation and thermal heat dissipation, thermal noise and leakage. 参考答案：D of the following statements woes, to new levels, persisted in adiabatic systems, knowing the technology would be, important soon. 参考答案：A of the following statements supports the idea that “the energy consumption of laptops remains the same”? not confuse adiabatic methods with today’s power-saying features on laptops. computations of laptops may consume less power, but take twice as long to complete.完成energy of laptops is conserved since much of the time they are not running. run the idle loop fast, thus laptops might conserve power. 参考答案：B can be implied from the passage that______. systems are more necessary forgeneral-purpose applications future where reversible systems become necessary is inevitable chips will not be more efficient for practical applications even if optimized is not in favor of adiabatic research 参考答案：B Unti 7 the sentence “As the enterprise considers V oIP and more significantly V oIP over Wi-Fi, the decision to implement location-aware technology will become amatter of legal compliance”, the underlined word “compliance” means _____. 命令参考答案：B a caller dials 911, a selective router switch within the phone network sends the call to a local ______ station 公共安全应答站point 参考答案：B is the percentage of people in the who will get E911 service? 93 percent. 95 percent. 88 percent. 88 79 percent. 参考答案：C technologies and V oIP present unique problems for E911because__________. phone users are usually able to roam in a large area phones only use base stations to connect to the Internet phones can only work across Wi-Fi network phones’area codes are tied to its’geographic location 参考答案：A of the following is included in the deployment of 911 across cellular networks? 0 ensures that E911 calls will get through to a PSAP. 1 specifies that V oIP 911 calls will be routed to the local PSAP. 2 will bring full E911 services to V oIP across the PSTN. 3 will deliver E911 over IP to devices without telephone numbers. 参考答案：A the sentence “It could then offset those costs by passing them on to the application service provider, which could in turn charge the end user”, the underlined word “offset” means_______.参考答案：A of the following is the advantage of A-GPS over GPS? searchtime is reduced by 10 to 12 seconds. takes several minutes to get the location information. saves precious battery life for mobile phone users. works equally well both inside and outside buildings. 参考答案：C uses_________. bands bands bands bands 参考答案：B of the following is the function of triangulation? measure the returning signal’s attenuation. emit test signals into the environment. compare multiple signal strengths. account for multiple propagation. 参考答案：C of the following examples shows that location-aware presence improves Wi-Fi security? can locate interlopers penetrating the defenses of the Wi-Fi network. the Wi-Fi environment, consumers can be directed to restaurants. companies can now track the movement of their vans. hospitals doctors and medical equipment can be quickly located. 参考答案：A 完形填空Unit 4 1.B. handicapsC. benefits促进D. hindrances 2. A. while B. when C. however D. though 3. A. everywhere B. anywhere C. however D. though 4. A. on B. with C. by D. over 5. A. accede B. accelerate促进 C. access D. accept 6. A. exceeds超越 B. precedes C. antecedes D. cedes 7. A. decline B. arise C. grow种植D. descend 8. A. converting B. converging合并 C. convecting D. convolving 9. A. interact B. interaction C. interacting D. interactive互动的10. A. coupling B. couple C. coupled连结的 D. being coupled 11. A. potential潜能B. latency C. efficiency D. specialty 12. A. but B. however C. therefore D. hence 13. A. That B. It C. WhichD. What 14. A. constitutes构成 B. consists C. comprises D. contains 15. A. minimum最低限度的B. maximum C. medium D. average 16. A. upon B. for C. against反对 D. beneath 17. A. nevertheless B. though C. even平的 D. nonetheless 18. A. approachB. access接入C. availD. admission19. A. uncertainty不确定的 B. probability C. certainty D. likelihood20. A. survive B. evolve使发展 C. revolve D. extend Unit6 1. A. on B. to C. for D. at 2. A. award B. reward C. awards D. rewards报酬 3. A. though B. so C. if D. worse 4. A. punishment惩罚B. punishC. informationD. judge5. A. detects B. detected C. is detected D. be detected6. A. punished B. unpunished C. punishing7.A. sayB. note记事本C. understandD. calculate 8. A. by accident偶然地instinct C. by intention D. by all accounts 9. A. proof B. evidence C. examine D. inspections检查10. A. surrenders B. reasons C. victims受害者 D. causes 11. A. having to stay B. having stayed C. staying D. of having to stay 12. A. cleared B. revealed显示 C. victims D. causes 13. A. lying B. untruthful C. dishonest不诚实的D. unhonest 14. A. Unlike B. Like C. With D. For 15. A. take B. commit犯罪 C. submit D. perform 16. A. be charged B. charged C. charge D. charging 17. A. depend B. command C. recommend D. demands 18.A. existB. resultC. obtainD. gain 19. A. hesitate犹豫 B. refuse C. stop D. lost 20. A. confidentB. privateC. confidential机密的D. valuable句子翻译Unit 1 essence of a game is the interdependence of player are two distinct types of strategic interdependence:sequential and simultaneous. 博弈的实质是博弈者采取策略之间的相互依赖性。
太原理工大学研究生英语考试第二学期翻译材料 2
1. 手机刷新了人与人的关系。
会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。
可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。
我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。
尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。
打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。
手机反映出我们的"社交饥渴症"。
最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。
他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。
Few things have changed human relations as much as the cell phone has. It so happens that we often see a notice on a door to a conference room, "Please keep your cell phone off when a meeting is in session." We still, however, always hear the beeps resounding throughout the chamber. The prevalence of using the cell phone today reflects our "thirst for socialization" and symbolizes a connection between us and the outside world. We are therefore reluctant to turn it off, although few of us are VIPs, or those who have many urgencies to take immediate care of. So we often notice such a picture: a pedestrian, all of sudden, stops, his eyes fixed on the phone screen, to edit his messages, oblivious of all other things. Whether being on the road center or beside a toilet does not seem to bother him.2. We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency - a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst - though not all - of its consequences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly.However, too many of the world's leaders are still best described in the words of Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitler's threat: “They go on in strange paradox, decid ed only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, all powerful to be impotent.”So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun我们人类，正面临全球性的危机，我们的生存和文明受到威胁。
科技英语复习资料
Unit 1、2 科技英语基础知识resistance 电阻值、current 电流、charge 电荷，充电、circuit 电路、relay 继电器，中继器，中转站、antenna 天线field （电，磁）场、filter 滤波器、coherent 相干的，相关的、burst 脉冲、envelope 包络, 包迹、network 网络、spectrum 频谱、rectifier 整流器、regulator 稳压器、modulator 调制器、flip-flop 触发器、potential 电位、carrier 载波, 载流子、determinant 行列式、line 电线, 电网conductor 导体inductance 电感introduce 引入, 介绍Unit 3 Electrical Technique（电子技术）Passage Binary System and Logic Systems（二进制系统和逻辑系统）1.Binary SystemA digital system functions in a binary manner.It employs devices which exist only in two possible states. A transistor is allowed to operate at cutoff or in saturation, but not in its active region. A node may be at a high voltage of, say, 4±1 V or at a low voltage of, say, 0.2±0.2 V, but no values are allowed. Various designations are used for these two quantized states, and the most common are listed in Table 3.1. In logic, a statement is characterized as true or false, and this is the first binary classification listed in the table. A switch may be closed or open, which is the notation under 9, etc. Binary arithmetic and mathematical manipulation of switching or logic functions are best carried out with classification 3, which involves two symbols, 0(zero) and 1(one).1二进制一个数字系统作用于二进制方式下。
科技英语2
0这个效应是由于信号不存在时V为零的缘故。
1工作在这个双曲线之外的话，就会使得二极管的功耗超过其最大的额定值1瓦。
2含有根式的方程通常是通过把方程两边平方一下来解得。
3我们可以从式子获得其傅立叶变换，只要把下限用0代替就行了。美国英特网用户占人口比例在世界上列第四位，有35%的美国人使用因特网。
5在该表中，阻抗为无穷大这一标记表明：终端阻抗至少应为特定端口标称阻抗的10到100倍；而阻抗为零则表明：他应该远小于特定端口标称阻抗的十分之一，若可能的话应小于它的百分之一。
6第四章 对噪声的测量，用噪声进行测量，以及在存在噪声的情况下进行测量。
7本作者对于已故的埃默里.辛普森进行的磋商活动以及有他提出的建议和所做的修改深表感谢，这些对撰写头两版是极为有帮助的。
8在T=0K时，价带将是完全满了的，而导带则将是完全空了的。
9指向原点右边的x分量被认为是正的，而指向原点左边的X分量被认为是负的。
0平衡的第一个条件确保物体处于平动的平衡状态，而平衡的第二个条件则确保它处于转动的平衡条件。
1大规模集成电路的出现，使得带有这样的指令组的计算机变得普遍，这种指令组能够直接进行访问并能灵活的处理许多不同类型和长度的数据。
4如果没有空气来保存一部分太阳的热量的话，在晚上地球将会极为的寒冷，是我们无法生存。
5每当导体中的电流发生变化时，就会在导体中感应出电动势来，因此这种电动势就叫做自感电动势。
6我们发现，在电场的影响下晶体中可能存在自由电子。
7人们发现在地球表面附近存在一个径向静电场。
2这仍然使得十倍于地球五大洲那么大的面积有待于探索。
3只有当我们对一个物体时加一个足够大的向上的力时，我们才能把他提起来。
Unit 2 科技英语基础知识(二)
· 两结合的。例如：
n.+a. a.+a. a.+n. self-cooling all-round white-hot general-purpose heavy-type high-speed num.+n. one-way(traffic) 自冷的 全面的 自热的, 白炽的 通用的 重型的 高速的 单向(交通)
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§ 3 常用前缀和后缀
记忆生词有很多方法, 如:
(1) 利用音、形、义相结合来记(初学阶段)。 (2) 博览强记。 (3) 循环记忆。 (4) 把生词放在语句中来记忆, 利用词与词的联系来记忆。
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(5) 利用构词法来记忆, 有三个优点:
① 便于掌握单词的词性, 这对句法分析十分重要;
② 有利于了解单词的来历及其新添的含义, 当我们悟到 一个新单词是由以前熟知的单词变化而来的时, 便对这个新 单词不再感到生疏; ③ 今后我们学到一个单词, 就可以旁征博引, 顺藤摸瓜, 联想到一系列同根词, 便于巩固记忆, 同时扩大了单词拥有量。
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② 结合成形容词。例如： n.+a. waterproof 防潮的
prep.+n.
overall
总的
③ 结合成动词, 例如： ad.+v. undergo overestimate 过高估计 经受, 进行
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(2) 连符结合。使用连字符“ -”结合。 ① 结合成名词。例如： n.+n. physico chemistry crafts-man 物理化学 手艺人
drafts-man
congee steamed-bun prep.+n. n.+prep.+n. by-product v.+pron.+ad. forget-me-not
新一代大学生英语2期末考试资料汇总
Unit1一、1 Leaders often have charisma,an attractive quality that makes other people admire them and want to follow them.(Para.2).领导者通常有魅力，一种吸引人的品质，使别人钦佩他们，并想追随他们。
2 A person who has a(n) brilliant mind can do extraordinary things that no one with a normal mind can imagine.(Para.2)一个有聪明头脑的人能做常人无法想象的非凡的事情。
3 It matters little whether people are physically beautiful or ugly, Because people’s minds and souls are more important.(Para.2)人的外表是美是丑并不重要，因为人的思想和灵魂更重要。
4 When faced with awkward questions in a conversation, we often get stuck.(Para.3)当我们在谈话中遇到尴尬的问题时，我们常常会陷入困境。
5 Unfortunately, this apparently straightforward question turns out to be harder to answer than one might suppose.(Para,3)不幸的是，这个显而易见的简单问题比人们想象的要难回答 6 We cannot attempt to predict all the tough questions children will ask.(Para.9)我们不能预测孩子们会问的所有难题。
太原理工大学研究生基础英语试卷及答案07-2
07-1 PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovations, the incentive forpath-breaking innovation will eventually dry up.A. investmentB. resourceC. inspirationD. stimulus22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despitethe appalling workingconditions.A. bewilderingB. exasperatingC. dismayingD. upsetting23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting andphotography.A. all at onceB. by and byC. to some extentD. on the whole24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about theconsequences.A. optimisticB. anxiousC. uncertainD. scared25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents' wishes.A. enhancedB. revisedC. alternatedD. modified26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery.A. arisen fromB. contributed toC. patched upD. participated in27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurorsprevailed.A. resignedB. compromisedC. persistedD. dominated28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jeffersoncontended that the countryshould remain chiefly agricultural.A. inclinedB. struggledC. arguedD. competed29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.A. on occasionB. at presentC. by nowD. for sure30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifyingvictims' families.A. brieflyB. quicklyC. accuratelyD. earnestlySection B (0.5 point each)31. New York probably has the largest number of different language _________ in the world.A. neighborhoodsB. communitiesC. clustersD. assemblies32. Nuclear wastes are considered to _____ a threat to human health and marine life.poseB. imposeC. exposeD. pose33. Some states in the US have set _____ standards concerning math and science tests.A. energeticB.vigorousC. rigorousD. grave34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized ___________.A. presentationB. instructionC. convictionD.obligation35. Because of ______ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along witheach other.A. incomprehensibleB. incomparableC. inconceivableD. incompatible36. As __________China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthenanti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.A. in the light ofB. in the event ofC. in the case ofD. in the course of37. According to an Australian research, moderate drinkers ________ better thinkers thanheavy drinkers or those who never drink.A. end upB. take upC. put upD. turn up38. Strangely enough, an old man ______ me and introduced himself, who turned out tobe a friend of my father’s.A. stood up toB. walked up toC. lived up toD. added up to39. Many children often _____ why airplanes can fly like birds while we humanscannot.A. assumeB. anticipateC. assureD. wonder40. The FDA was created to _______ the safety of products, review applications and grantapprovals.A. manipulateB. adjustC. regulateD. managePART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Tall people earn considerably more money throughout their lives than their shorterco-workers, with each inch adding about US$789 a year in pay, according to a new study."Height 41 career success," says Timothy Judge, a University of Floridaprofessor of management, who led the study. "These findings are troubling since, with afew 42 , such as professional basketball, no one could argue that height issomething essential required for job 43 ," Judge points out.Judge analyzed results of four large-scale studies in the US and Britain that followedthousands of people from childhood to adulthood, examining details of their work andpersonal lives. "If you take this 44 the course of a 30-year career, we're talkingabout literally hundreds of thousands of dollars of earnings 45 that a tall personenjoys," Judge said.Greater height boosted both subjective ratings of work performance--a supervisor's 46 of how effective someone is-- and 47 measures of performance--such assales volume. Being tall may boost self-confidence, improving performance. Otherpeople may also give higher 48 and greater respect to a tall person, giving theman edge in negotiating states, he says.The commanding influence of height may be a remainder of our evolutionary49 . Maybe from a time when humans lived among animals and size was 50 power and strength used when making "fight or run" decisions.41. A. makes out B. works in C. takes on D. matters for42.A. cases B. exceptions C. examples D. problems43. A. performance B. operation C. condition D. environment44.A. on B. with C. over D. to45. A. deficiency B. advantage C. lossD. necessity46. A. imagination B. decision C. judge D. evaluation47. A. relative B. absolute C. objective D.initiative48. A. state B. status C. situation D. statue49. A. origins B. sources C. courses D. organizations50.A. a time in B. a hold on C. a work at D. a sign ofPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage OneAt the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), a student loaded his classnotes into a handheld e-mail device and tried to read them during an exam: a classmateturned him in. At the University of Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV) students photographedtest questions with their cellphone cameras and transmitted them to classmates. Theuniversity put in place a new examination-supervision system. "If they'd spend as muchtime studying, they'd all be A students," says Ron Yasbin, dean of the College ofSciences of UNLV.With a variety of electronic devices, American students find it easier to cheat. Andcollege officials find themselves in a new game of cat and mouse. They are trying to fightwould-be cheats in the exam season by cutting off Internet access from laptops, demanding the surrender of cellphones before tests or simply requiring that exams betaken with pens and paper."It is annoying. My hand-writing is so bad," said Ryan Dapremont, 21 who justfinished his third year at PepperdineUniversity in California. He had to take his examson paper. Dapremont said technology has made cheating easier, but plagiarism(剽窃) inwriting papers was probably the biggest problem. Students can lift other people's writingsoff the Internet without attributing them.Still, some students said they thought cheating these days was more a product of themindset, not the tools at hand. "Some people put too much emphasis on where they'regoing to go in the future, and all they're thinking about is graduate school and the nextstep," said Lindsay Nicholas, a third-year student at UCLA. She added that pressure tosucceed "sometimes clouds everything and makes people do things that they shouldn'tdo."Some professors said they tried to write exams for which it was hard to cheat,posing questions that outside resources would not help answer. Many officials said thatthey rely on campus honor codes. They said the most important thing was to teachstudents not to cheat in the first place.51. One student at UCLA was found cheating ________________.A. when he was loading his class notes into a handheld e-mail deviceB. when he was trying to tell the answers to his classmatesC. after the university put in place a new examination-supervision systemD. after his classmate reported his cheating to the authority52. According to Ron Yasbin, all the cheating students _____________.A. should be severely punished for their dishonestyB. didn't have much time to study before the examC. could get the highest grades if they had studied hard enoughD. could be excused because they were not familiar with the new system53. To win the new game of cat and mouse in examinations, the college officials have to______________.A. use many high-tech devicesB. cut off Internet access on campusC. turn to the oral exanimation formsD. cut off the use of high-tech devices54. According to Ryan Dapremont, ______________.A. examinations taken with pens and paper were useless in fighting cheatingB. his examination paper was under-graded because of his bad hand-writingC. cheating was more serious in writing papers than in examinationsD. it was more difficult for him to lift other people's writings off the Internet55. Which of the following is probably the most Significant measure to fight cheating?A. Putting less emphasis on where the students are going to go in the future.B. Letting students know that honesty is more important.C. Writing examinations for which it is hard to cheat.D. Setting up more strict campus honor codes.56. The best title of the passage might be_____________.A. Cheating Has Gone High-techB. Game of Cat and MouseC. A New Examination-supervision SystemD. Measures to Fight Against DishonestyPassage TwoTop marathon runners tend to be lean and light, star swimmers are long thighs withhuge feet and gold medal weightlifters are solid blocks of muscle with short arms andlegs. So, does your physical shape--and the way your body works--fit you for aparticular sport? Or does your body develop a certain way because of your chosen sport?"It's about 55:45, genes to the environment," says Mike Rennie, professor of clinicalphysiology at Britain's University of Nottingham Medical School. Rennie cites the caseof identical twins from Germany, one of whom was a long-distance athlete, the other apowerful sportsman, so, "They look quite different, despite being identical twins."Someone who's 1.5-meters tall has little chance of becoming an elite basketballplayer. Still, being over two meters tall won't automatically push you to Olympic gold."Unless you have tactical sense where needed, unless you have access to good equipment,medical care and the psychological conditions, and unless you are able to drive yourself through pain, all the physical strength will be in vain," said Craig Sharp, professor ofsports science at Britain's Brunel University.Jonathan Robinson, an applied sports scientist at the University of Bath's sportsdevelopment department, in southwest England, points to the importance of technique."In swimming only 5-10 per cent of the propelling force comes from the legs, sotechnique is vital."Having the right physique for the right sport is a good starting point. Seventeenyears ago, the Australian Institute of Sport started a national Talent Search Program,which searched schools for 14-16-year-olds with the potential to be elite athletes. One oftheir first finds was Megan Still, world champion rower. In 1987, Still had never pickedup an oar in her life. But she had almost the perfect physique for a rower. After intensivetraining, she won gold in women's rowing in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.Other countries have followed the Australian example. Now the explosion of geneticknowledge has meant that there is now a search, not just for appropriate physique but alsofor "performance genes."57. It can be concluded from the passage that__________.A. physical strength is more important for sportspersons' successB. training conditions are more important for sportspersons' successC. genes are more important for sportspersons' successD. psychological conditions are more important for sportspersons' success58. The case of identical twins from Germany shows that_________.A. environment can help determine people's body shapeB. genes are the decisive factors for people's body shapeC. identical twins are likely to enjoy different sportsD. identical twins may have different genes for different sports59. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Craig Sharp as a required quality for asportsperson to win an Olympic gold medal?A. The physical strength.B. The right training conditions.C. The talent for the sports.D. The endurance for pains.60. Seventeen years ago Megan Still was chosen for rowing because____________.A. she had the talent for rowingB. her body shape was right for a rowerC. she had the performance genesD. she was a skillful rower61. The word "elite" in Paragraph 5 means ________ .A. the most wealthyB. the most skilledC. the most industriousD. the most intelligent62. The elite athletes of the future may come from people who naturally possess___________.A. the best body shapes and an iron purposeB. the extremes of the right physique and strong willsC. the right psychological conditions and sports talentsD. the right physique and genes for sportsPassage ThreeFor years, a network of citizens' groups and scientific bodies has been claiming thatscience of global warming is inconclusive. But who funded them?Exxon's involvement is well known. ExxonMobil is the world's most profitablecorporation. It makes most of its money from oil, and has more to lose than any othercompany from efforts to tackle climate change. To safeguard its profits, ExxonMobilneeds to sow doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken on climate change.But there are difficulties: it must confront a scientific consensus as strong as that whichmaintains that smoking causes lung cancer or that HIV causes Aids. So what's itsstrategy?The website , using data found in the company's official documents,lists 124 organizations that have taken money from the company or work closely withthose that have. These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that thescience is contradictory, the scientists are split, environmentalists are liars or lunatics, andif governments took action to prevent global warming, they would be endangering theglobal economy for no good reason. The findings these organizations dislike are labeled"junk science". The findings they welcome are labeled "sound science".This is not to claim that all the science these groups champion is bogus. On thewhole, they use selection, not invention. They will find one contradictory study - such asthe discovery of tropospheric (对流层的) cooling - and promote it relentlessly. They willcontinue to do so long after it has been disproved by further work. So, for example, JohnChristy, the author of thetroposphere paper, admitted in August 2005 that his figureswere incorrect, yet his initial findings are still being circulated and championed by manyof these groups, as a quick internet search will show you.While they have been most effective in the United States, the impacts of theclimate-change deniers sponsored by Exxon have been felt all over the world. Bydominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight critical years inwhich urgent international talks should have been taking place, by constantly seedingdoubt about the science just as it should have been most persuasive, they have justifiedthe money their sponsors have spent on them many times over. 63. Which of the following has NOT been done by the organizations to establish theirposition on climate change'?A. Damaging the reputation of environmentalists.B. Emphasizing the lack of consensus among scientists.C. Stressing the unnecessary harm to tile global economy.D. Protecting the scientific discoveries from being misused.64. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "bogus' (in Paragraph 4)?A. Reasonable.B. Fake.C. Limitless.D. Inconsistent.65. John Christy is mentioned to show_______________.A. how closely these organizations work with scientistsB. how these organizations select scientific findings for theirownpurposeC. how important correct data are for scientists to make sound discoveriesD. how one man's mistake may set back the progress of science66. The organizations sponsored by Exxon ___________.A. have lived up to their promisesB. have almost caused worldwide chaosC. have failed to achieve their original goalD. have misunderstood the request of the sponsor67. The passage is mainly focused on____________.A. Exxon's involvement in scientific scandalsB. Exxon's contributions to the issue of climate changeC. Exxon's role in delaying solutions to global warmingD. Exxon's efforts to promote more scientific discoveries68. What is the author's tone in presenting the passage?A. Factual.B. Praiseful.C. Biased.D. Encouraging.Passage FourWhere anyone reaching the age of 60 was considered to be near death's door at theturn of the 20th century, it is barely old enough for retirement at the turn of the 21stcentury. And scientists are still not holding back. They say that as new anti-ageingtreatments become available, our species will get even older. While few would argue thatliving longer is an attractive idea, the rapid increase in the number of years begs aquestion: Can our health expectancy be as close as possible to our life expectancy?Predictions for future health expectancy have changed over the past few decades. Inthe 1980s, life expectancy was increasing but the best data suggested that for everyincreased year of life expectancy, a greater fraction was disabled life expectancy. Whatwe would see was a piling up of chronic illness and related disability which medicalscience couldn't prevent.But that world view changed suddenly in the early 1990s with the publication of astudy by researchers at DukeUniversity, who had been following the health of 20,000people for almost a decade. They showed that disability among the elderly was not onlydropping, but it was doing so at an ever-increasing rate.Arian Richardson, director of the Barshop Institute for Ageing and Longevityresearch, predicts that understanding the mechanisms behind calorie restriction and othergenetic reasons behind ageing could be used within the next two decades to give peopleseveral extra healthy years of life. Restrict how much an animal eats, for example, and itwill live longer. In lab experiments, rats on calorie-restricted diets were found to bephysiologically younger, got diseases later in life and, at any rate, had less severe cases."From the models that have been looked at, the increase in lifespan is usually in the rangeof 15-30% maximum," says Richardson. Cutting calories is thought to trigger a switch inan animal's behaviour from normal to a state of stasis in which growth and ageing aretemporarily put on hold. When food becomes available again, the animal's behaviourswitches back.Richardson says that thinking about stopping ageing is a "little bit silly" at themoment but doesn't dismiss it altogether, arguing that none of the illnesses related toageing should be inevitable. Start with a high-quality body (and that means eating yourgreens, not smoking and doing lots of exercise in your younger days) and you can keep itgoing for longer with high quality maintenance. "It'll be like the difference between aRolls-Royce and a cheap car."69. It can be seen from the first paragraph that people have doubts on whether _____________.A. is possible to live a longer healthyandlifeB. humans can live as long as scientists predictC. living longer is still considered a good ideaD. new anti-ageing treatments are safe for humans70. In the 1980s, the data on people's health expectancy_______________.A. gave an optimistic predictionB. showed an unclear futureC. led to a pessimistic perceptionD. turned out to be a mixed blessing71. In the lab experiment on rats,_____________.A. food restriction is not the only factor proved to have workedB. responses to food restriction vary from animal to animalC. the animals' lifespan increases with the amount of food eatenD.different amounts of food cause a change in the animals' behavior72. Richardson believes that_________.A. it is impossible for humans to stop ageingB. it is worthless to talk about stopping ageingC. stopping ageing is a dream that may come trueD. illness is the biggest obstacle to stopping ageing73. Rolls-Royce is used to convey the idea that_______________.A. quality life is out of reach for most peopleB. quality life can slow down the process of agingC. how long one can live depends on the genes one carriesD. the more money one invests in health, the healthier one will be.74. The most suitable title for the passage is“___________”.A. Problems of An Ageing SocietyB. Health Care for the ElderlyC. Eating Healthier, Living LongerD.The Future of Old AgePassage FiveIn dealing with a student who is acting aggressively toward his classmates, you wantto send a strong message that aggressive behavior will not be tolerated in your classroom.In addition, you want to help him develop more appropriate ways of settling disputes withhis peers.If two elementary school students are engaged in a fight, use a strong loud voice tostop it. If that doesn't work, you might say something odd ("Look up! The ceiling isfalling!") to divert their attention. If they still don't stop and you can't separate them,send a student to the office to get help. If a crowd of children is gathering, insist that theymove away or sit down, perhaps clapping your hands to get their attention: After theincident is over, meet with the combatants together so they can give you their versions ofwhat happened and you can help them resolve any lingering problems. Also notify theparents.Speak in a firm, no-nonsense manner to stop a student's aggressive behavior: usephysical restraint as a last resort. When responding to the student, pay attention to yourverbal as well as non-verbal language. Even if he is yelling at you, stay calm. Allow himto express what he is upset about without interrupting him and then acknowledge hisfeelings. Avoid crossing your arms, pointing a finger or making threats: any of thoseactions could intensify his anger and stiffen his resistance.You might conclude that a student's aggressive behavior warrants separating himfrom the rest of the class, either to send him a strong message that what he did merits aserious consequence or to protect the other students. You can do that by giving him a timeout in class or by sending him to the office.Although he might expect you to react punitively, surprise him by reactingsupportively. Express your confidence that he can resolve problems without being hurtfulto his peers. Tell him that you think he must be upset about something to lose control ashe did and you want to understand what might be bothering him. If he does open up toyou, listen attentively without interrupting. Speaking m a calm voice, tell him that youunderstand why he was upset, but stress that he has to find a way to express his angerwith words rather than with his hands.You don't want to force an aggressive student to say he is sorry because that mightfuel his anger, however, you do want to strongly encourage him to make amends with thestudent he hit. If he is willing to do that, it will help soothe hurt feelings and avoid futureconflicts.75. What is the purpose of saying something odd when seeing students in a fight?A. To please the students.B. To surprise the students.C. To get the students' attention.D. To distract the students' attention.76. What is to be done about a student's aggressive behavior?A. Respond calmly but finny.B. Tell the student's parents immediately.C. Ask other students for help to stop the action.D. Have the student go to see the principal.77. What is NOT encouraged to do toward an aggressive student?A. Use physical restraint.B. Give the student a time out.C. Point at the student or make threats.D. Talk with the student privately.78. What does the word "'punitively" (in Paragraph 5) probably mean?A. Surprisingly.B. Depressingly.C. Involving persuasion.D. Involving punishment.79. What might be the last step to help all aggressive student?A. Encourage the student to be nice to the student he hit.B. Ask the student to promise he'll never do it again.C. Force the student to apologize for his behavior.D. Persuade the student to open up to you.80. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Problems in Classrooms.B. Dealing with Student Aggression.C. Aggressive Behavior in Classrooms.D. Settling a Student Fight.PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)One of the unintended consequences of the flattening world is that it puts differentsocieties and cultures in much greater direct contact with one another. It connects peopleto people much faster than people and cultures can often prepare themselves. Somecultures thrive on the sudden opportunities for collaboration that this global intimacymakes possible. Others are frustrated, and even humiliated by this close contact, which,among other things, makes it easy for people to see where they stand in the world inrelation to everyone else. All of this helps to account for the emergence of one of themost devastating forces today - the suicide bombers and other terrorist organizationswhich have no regard for human lives and which it is in our best interest to wipe out. Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。
太原理工大学科技英语（一）全部复习资料（1）
太原理工大学科技英语（一）全部复习资料（1）一．英汉互译1.Friction（摩擦）will causethe bearingsto become heated摩擦会使轴承变热2.Eachatom normally has the same number of electrons revolving about the nuclear asit has protons.通常每个原子内绕原子核旋转的电子数和原子核内的质子数相同3.In a solid or liquid,the molecules are much closer together,resulting in much more material in a given volume.在液体和固体中，分子结合得紧密得多，导致在一定体积内的物质也多得多4.The determination of what element or elements are present in a substance is called qualitative analysis.测定物质中存在哪种或哪几种元素叫做定性分析5.Thesteel should not contain more than0.5%of carbon钢中的含碳量不应超过0.5%6.Sounddoes not travel asfast aslight声音不如光传播的快7.Theinstallation of the new equipment is the responsibility of the manufacturers.厂家负责安装这种新机器二．填空题1.From the results of the measurements it can be concluded that temperatures on the surface of Venusis too hot for life asknown on earth.从观测结果可以得出结论：金星表面的温度对地球上已知的生物来说太高。
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一、下面这些论文标题是否合适？如果不合适，请修改：1、Study on Emission of Glasshouse Gases during Coking Process （合适）2、Methods for preparing and monitoring of heavy media in coal beneficiation （合适）3、Experimental mine and laboratory dust explosion research at NIOSH （合适）4、Bioclogging effects in saturated porous media within one- and two-dimensional flow systems are compared （错课）（改为comparison of Bioclogging effects in saturated porous media within one- and two-dimensional flow systems ）18、The Nature of Student Science Project Is Compared with Educational Goals for Science改为The Nature of Student Science Projects in Comparison to Educational Goals for Science6、Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans （错误）（改为Harmful Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Humanso）7、 A characteristic flotation cleaning index for fine coal is developed （错误）（改为Development of a characteristic flotation cleaning index for fine coal ）8^ Development and prospect of classification technology and equipment （合适）9、Research and Designing of Distance Education based on JEE.（合适）10、Auditory Perspectives（透视）of Different Types of Music （合适）12> How to Use Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid（半干旱）Land（改为Using Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land ）13> Water Quality Can Be Protected Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education（改为Protecting Water Quality Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education）14、The Single Community Concept： A Model for Adult Environmental Education （合适）15> Physics and Art： Conceptual Linkages Can Be Uncovered（改为Physics and Art：Uncovering Conceptual Linkages ）16、Yellow FeveFs（黄热病）Effect on Transportation and Commerce （合适）17> Diamond Is Used for Electronic Devices（改为Use of Diamond for Electric Devices）19、A Qualitative / Quantitative Analysis of the Administrative Management Institute at Cornell University （合适）20> The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally III，Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and Acquired（后天的）Immune Deficiency Syndrome（综合症）Populations： A Statistical Analysis改为The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally Ill,HIV and AIDS Populations： A Statistical Analysis二：文献类型及代码1、专著【M】2、论文集【C】3、期刊（连续出版物）【J】4、学位论文【D】5、报告【R】6、专利【P】（老师没说）报告一般不会考；连续岀版物（期刊），专著，学位论文，会议论文（论文集）必考1、T.NeeseJ.Dueck.Air core formation in the hydrocylone Journal of Minerals Engineering ,2007,20:348-354文献类型：【J】连续出版物（期刊）【特点:l.Journalof...是杂志的名字（有的情况）（而且杂志名字很利落）2.连续出版物（期刊）页码不带PP （而会议论文要带pp） 3.（杂志名字会缩写）】2、Finch.J.ADobby,G.S.1990.column Floatation Pergamon Press.Oxford 文献类型：【M】特点1•专著没有页码2.专著有出版社（单词Press）3、Patwardhan.A. 1998 Optimization of coal processing plants and economics of advanced fine particle cleaning.M.S Thesis<Southern Illinois University at A.p. 118 文献类型：【D】学位论文【1 •有表示,M.S Thesis硕士论文,Ph.D.Thesis博士论文2.往往有个大学名字University］4、Brake.R.Eldridge.G. 1996.THe development of new microcel column floation circuit for BHPA ustralia coal's peak doens coal preparation plant. In. Proceedings of the 13th international Coal Preparation Conference.Lexington A.April 30-May2pp .237-251文献类型：［C］论文集【1.特点，带有页码pp 2.带有续第儿次第儿次13th 3.Conference,会议论文集（报告也会有pp,但是不会出现第几次，带有主办单位的名字）】5、Honaker ,R.Q,Wang .D.Ho.k」996 Application of the falcon concentrator for fine coal cleaning .Miner. Eng 9（11）.1143-1156 文献类型：［J］连续出版物【很多英文杂志的名字喜欢带缩写（即杂志名字也带缩写）（矿业工程学报的缩写,J.Min.Engiree）】6、T.Nesse,M.Schneider,J.Dueck,et al. Hydrocyclone operation at the transition point rope/spray discharge Journal of Minerals Engineering.2004」7（5）:733・737 文献类型：［J］连续出版物7、L.Y .Cho.W.Yua.G.J.Wang/et al .Enhancement of hydrocyclone separation performance by eliminating the air core Chemical Engineering and Processing 2004.43.1441-1448文献类型：［J］连续出版物8、Miao XX.Lin W Q .Chen Z Q. Seepage Theory in Mining Rock Mass.Beijing:Science Publishing Honse,2004文献类型：【】专著（有个出版社的名字，且不带页码）（地名：出版社）9、Liu W Q.Miao XX.Gas flow visualization in a gob area with J-type ventilation Proceedings of the 8th international Symposium on Fluid Control.Measurement and Visualization ChengDu.2005文献类型：【C】论文集（第八次）1、报告：带页码pp；不会有第几次会议R2、*连续出版物：不带p；有缩写的杂志名J3、*专著：不带页码，且有出版社（地名：出版社）M4、*学位论文：有标识，且单位的名字往往是个大学D5、*论文集：带页码pp ；第儿次会议：13山；会议词汇：conference C三、摘要的四个要素是什么（用中、英文分别表述）？用下面括号中单词的适当形式填空，以完成摘要，并为摘要撰写标题；说明摘要中每句话分别属于摘要的哪一要素。
（24分）（show, research, utilize, employ, base on, carry out, use, study, analyze,）摘要的四个要素：（中：）目的（英：）purposes（中：）方法（英：）methods（中：）结果（英：）results（中：）结论（英：）conclusions 。