地质专业英语(终结版)
地质专业常用术语中英文对照词典
地质专业常用术语中英文对照词典红土镍矿和硫化镍矿地质词汇集(Cabulary List of Geology)1地质勘查与评估(Recourse exploration and assessment)Geological Study 地质研究Reconnaissance 踏勘Prospecting 普查General exploration 一般勘探Detailed exploration 详细勘探Economic viability 经济可靠性Extractable 可采的Total mineral resources 资源总储量Reserve 储量Remaining mineral resources其余矿产资源Mineral Occurrence矿化点Uneconomic occurrence非经济矿化点Feasibility study可行性研究Prefeasibility study预可行性研究Measured resource确定级矿产资源Indicated resource推定级矿产资源Inferred resource推测级矿产资源Reconnaissance resource踏勘矿产Independent Consulting Geologist 独立咨询地质专家Independent Consulting Geologist’ Report独立咨询地质专家报告Sampling 采样Validation sampling 验证取样Duplicate sample 副样Assay 分析Composite assay 组合分析drilling 钻探Test pitting 井探Treach 探槽Drill hole 钻孔Test pit 探坑patial distribution 空间分布Profile 剖面cross-section 横剖面Geological penetrate rader地质雷达污染Grid spacing 勘探网度Geological mapping 地质填图Aerial survey航空测量Mineralication矿化，成矿Spatial distribution 空间分布Weathering 风化Lateritisation 红土矿化，红土矿成矿作用The V almin Code : Code and Guideline for Assessment and valuation of Mineral Securities for Independent Experts Report 澳大利亚独立专家矿产资源评估报告编写规范JORC Code :Australasian Code for Reporting of identified Mineral Resources andOre Reserves released by the Joint ore Reserve Committee 澳大利亚资源委员会资源评估报告编写规范2岩石名schist 片岩ultramafic rocks 超基性岩，limestone石灰岩dunite 纯橄榄岩peridotite 橄榄岩hornblendite 角闪岩pyroxenite 辉石岩lherzolite 二辉橄榄岩diabase 辉绿岩gabro 辉长岩gabbrophyre 辉长煌斑岩diorite 闪长岩norite 苏长岩tholeiite 拉班玄武岩ferrobasic 铁质的magma 岩浆granite 花岗岩petroface 岩相phyllite 千枚岩mylonite糜棱岩3矿物名Laterite红土矿limonite 褐铁矿goethite 针铁矿magnetite 磁铁矿haematite 赤铁矿nickel sulphate 硫酸镍(iron，magnesium)hydroxide (铁,镁)氢氧化物nickel-bearing clay mineral 含镍粘土矿物nickel silicate 硅酸镍hdrosulphide 硫化氢serpentine 蛇纹石antigorite 叶蛇纹石chrysotile 纤蛇纹石garnierite 镍叶蛇纹石millerite 针镍矿talc 滑石chlorite 绿泥石montmorillonite 蒙脱石saprolite 腐泥土clay mineral 粘土矿物serpentinization 蛇纹石化kaoline 高岭石magnesite 菱镁矿calcite 方解石Sulphide硫化矿pyrite 黄铁矿pyrrhotite 磁黄铁矿ilmenite 钛铁矿chromite 铬铁矿chalcopyrite 黄铜矿cubanite 方黄铜矿valleriite 墨铜矿bornite 斑铜矿chalcocite 辉铜矿conellite 铜蓝pentlendite 镍黄铁矿violarite 紫硫镍铁矿mackinovite 马基诺矿millerite 针镍矿bravoite 方硫铁镍矿chrome spinal 铬尖晶石olivine 橄榄石pyroxene 辉石tremolite 透闪石hornblende 角闪石mica 云母biotite 黑云母muscovite 白云母phlogopite 金云母plagioclase 斜长石orthoclase 正长石gangue 脉石isotope 同位素major mineral 主要矿物minor mineral 次要矿物accessory mineral 副矿物trace mineral 痕量矿物4构造stock 岩株dike 岩墙basin 岩盆outcrop 露头tectonics构造学tectono-stratigraphics 构造地层学ore-bearing structure 含矿构造subfault二次断层synclinorium 复向斜volcanic 火山的colcano 火山imbricate thrust fault 叠瓦状逆掩断层detrital material 碎屑物质mantle 地表覆盖物，地慢concretion 胶结作用mottling 斑状构造flame structure 火焰状构造spongy structure 海绵状构造drop-like structure 乳滴状构造disemminated structure 浸染状构造strike 走向decline 倾向dip 倾角porosity孔隙度moistur content 含水量bulk density 块比重General tectonic setting 地质构造环境evolve 演化Gabbroid 辉长岩状Fauld displacement 断距fauld plane 断面6地貌与气候landscape and climatehillocky area 丘岭地区stony semi-desert area 碎石半沙漠地区气候sharply continental arid climate 大陆性干旱气候7其他普通地质词汇isochronous 等时的，同步的variscian 古生代8采矿词汇(Mining)Mining report开采报告Ore pass 溜井ramp 斜坡道hoist 卷杨机crosscut 川脉道stope 采场development works 采准工程tunnel 巷道filling 充填cement filling 胶结充填undercut and cement filling 胶结充填采矿main shaft 主井vice shaft 副井ventilation shaft 风井support支护steel set 钢架shotcrete 素喷pressure grouting 注浆bolt 锚杆cable bolts 长锚索bolts to hold mesh 喷锚网surface subsidence地表沉降ore to waste 采剥比open pit minning 露天开采excavater 铲运机5选矿词汇(Consentrate)Pilot scale testing 工业实验crusher 破碎机mill 磨矿机flotation 浮选Consentrate 选矿厂,精矿tailler dam尾矿坝6冶金词汇(Extract)Smelter 冶炼厂（火法）Refinery 精炼厂Hydrometallurgic湿法冶炼的Pyrometallurgic 火法冶炼的Liquation 溶液Heap leaching 堆浸Bioleaching 生物浸出high pressure acid leach 高压浸出Ion exchange 离子交换strip反萃Resin 树脂萃取Dissolve 溶解Roast 培烧roaster 培烧窑flash furnace 闪速炉convertor 转炉slag渣matte 锍pour into moulds 浇铸sulphate-chlorite solution 硫酸-盐酸电解液electrolyte 电解,电解池,电解质cathodyte 阴极电解质anode 阳极anode slab 阳极板Solution Neutralisation 溶液中和precipitation 沉淀Washing and filtering 洗矿与过滤solvent 溶剂Iron removal 除铁purification 提纯7一些矿物的分子结构serpentine 蛇纹石A3[Si2O5](OH)4, A=Mg,Fe2+,Ni等，A为镍时为镍蛇纹石，蛇纹石为层状硅酸盐，(OH)+在层间以分子间力连结上下两层。
地质专业英语
地质专业bismuth glance 辉铋矿bit 钻头bit pressure 钻压bit weight 钻压bitumen 沥青bituminization 沥青化bituminous coal 烟煤bituminous shale 沥青质页岩bitummen ratio 沥青比值black iron ore 磁铁矿black jack 铁闪锌矿black lead 石墨blast furnace 高炉blasthole 炮眼blasthole drilling 钻炮眼blasting 爆破blasting cap 雷管bleached zone 淋溶带blind fault 隐伏断层blind ore body 盲矿体blind shaft 盲井blind valley 盲谷blind zone 盲区block 滑车block and tackle 滑轮组block caving 分块崩开采法block mountain 断块山block movement 地块运动block structure 块状结构block upwarping 地块隆起blowaut 井喷blowing 井喷bog 沼地bog formation 沼泽化bog iron ore 沼铁矿bog peat 低位泥炭boghead 藻煤boghead coal 藻煤boiling line 钢丝绳bolson 干燥盆地bomb 火山弹bonanza 富矿体bore hole 钻孔bore pit 探井borer 钻工boring 钻进boring bar 钻杆boring bit 钻头boring head 钻头boring machine 钻机boring method 钻井方法boring pump 钻眼用泵boring rod 钻杆boring rod set 钻杆装置boring rope 钻机用的钢丝绳boring stick 土钻boring tube 钻管boring with line 钢绳冲唤钻进boudinage 香肠构造bouguer anomaly 布格异常bouguer gravity anomaly 布格重力异常boundary 边界boundary conditions 边界条件boundary layer 边界层boundary line 界线bourne 间歇河box fold 箱状褶皱brachy fold 短褶皱brachyanticline 短背斜brachysyncline 短向斜branch 枝branch line 支线branch vein 支脉bright coal 光亮型煤broad leaved forest 阔叶林broad leaved tree 阔叶树brown algae 褐藻类brown coal 褐煤brown mud 褐泥bryophyta 苔藓植物bryophytes 苔藓植物bryozoa 苔藓动物类bulk flotation 全浮选bulk sampling 大块取样burgy 煤粉burial metamorphism 埋藏变质buried karst 埋藏型岩溶butte 孤山cable belt 缆摔带运输机caking ability 粘结度caking coal 粘结煤caking index 粘结指数caking property 粘结性calc alkali granite 钙碱花岗岩calcite 方解石caledonian folding 加里东褶皱caledonian orogeny 加里东造山运动carat 克拉carbargillite 碳质页岩carboapatite 碳酸磷灰石carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbon 碳carbon compound 碳化合物carbonate 碳酸盐carbonate rock 碳酸盐岩carbonate sediments 碳酸盐质沉积carbonatite 碳酸盐岩carbonic period 石炭纪carboniferous 石炭纪的carboniferous period 石炭纪cataclasite 碎裂岩cataclastic 碎裂的catastrophic theory 灾变论catastrophism 灾变论category 类category of reserves 储量级别cavern 岩洞cavern water 溶洞水cavernous 洞穴状的caving 塌落caving line 崩落线cavity filling deposit 洞穴填充矿床cement bond logging 固井测井cement grout 水泥浆cement mortar 水泥砂浆cement seal 水泥封闭cement slurry 水泥浆cement substance 粘合质cement water factor 水灰比cement water ratio 水灰比cementation 胶结cementation borehole 水泥灌浆钻孔cementation zone 胶结带cementing 水泥灌浆cementum 水泥质cenozoic 新生代cenozoic era 新生代central plain 湖心平原central type volcano 中心式火山chain silicates 链硅酸盐chalk 上白垩纪;白垩chamber of ore 矿袋chambered vein 囊状矿脉champion vein 巨矿脉change in type of geosyncline 地槽类型转化channel precipitation 河道沉淀chert 燧石chronolithologic unit 年代地层单位chronologic scale 地质年代表chronology 年代学circum pacific 环太平洋的circum pacific calc alkaline petrographic province 环太平洋钙碱性岩石区civil engineering 土木工程clarain 亮煤clarite 亮煤clarke number 克拉克值clarodurite 微亮暗煤clasolite 碎屑岩cleat 割理clino unconformity 斜交不整合clinometer 地质罗盘closed fault 闭合断层closed fold 闭合褶皱closed joint 闭式节理cluster 群;串coal 煤coal accumulating basin 聚煤盆地coal accumulating palaeostructure 聚煤古构造coal analysis 煤分析coal ash fusion temperature 煤灰熔点coal ball 煤层石球coal basin 煤盆地coal bearing formation 含煤地层coal bearing property 含煤性coal bearing ratio 含煤系数coal carbonization 煤之碳化coal deposits 煤矿床coal diagenesis 煤成岩酌coal district 煤产地coal dressing 选煤coal field 煤田coal field gas 煤田气coal for gasification 气化用煤coal forming period 聚煤期coal forming process 成煤酌coal gas 煤气coal geology 煤炭地质学coal measures 煤系coal metamorphism 煤变质酌coal mine 煤矿coal miner 煤矿工coal mining 采煤coal oil mixture 煤焦油混合物coal petrology 煤岩学coal preserving structure 赋煤构造coal property 煤质coal reserves 煤储量coal seam 煤层coalescing alluvial fan 复合冲积扇coalification 煤化酌coalification jump 煤化酌跃变coalman 煤矿工coaly 含煤的coarse grained texture 粗粒结构coarse sand 粗砂coarsness 粗粒度coastal plain 海滨平原coastal sand dune 海岸沙丘coastal terrace 海岸阶地coastal vegetation 海滨植被coastline 海岸线coating 覆盖层code minier 矿山法则code of stratigraphic nomenclature 地层命名法规coeffcient of volume compressibility 体积压缩系数coefficient 系数coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数coefficient of consolidation 固结系数coefficient of discharge 量系数coefficient of elasticity 弹性系数coefficient of expansion 膨胀系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数coefficient of permeability 渗透系数coefficient of relaxation 松弛系数coefficient of restitution 抗冲系数coefficient of safety 安全系数coefficient of uniformity 均匀系数coefficient of variation 变化系数coefficient of variation of grade 品位变化系数coefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数coeruleite 铜矿coke 焦炭coke button 焦渣coking 焦化coking capacity 结焦性coking coal 炼焦煤coking property 结焦性coking quality 结焦性collapse 崩落collapse basin 塌陷盆地collapse caldera 塌陷破火山口collapse doline 塌陷漏斗collapse lake 塌陷湖colony 群体columnar ore shoot 矿柱columnar section 地层柱状剖面图columnar structure 柱状构造compaction 压缩compaction fold 致密褶皱compensate 补偿compensating method 补偿法compensation 补偿compensation depth 补偿深度compensation point 补偿点compensation water 补偿水compensator 补偿器complex fault 复断层complex fold 复褶皱complex rock 复合岩concentrating mill 选矿厂concentration 浓度concentration gradient 浓度梯度concession 开采权condition of similarity 相似条件conditional equilibrium 条件平衡conditional instability 条件性不稳定性conduit 火山口conformable 整合的conformable contact 整合接触conjugate faults 共轭断层conjugate point 共轭点conjugate shear planes 共轭剪切面conjugate stress 共轭应力conjugated joint 共轭节理contact metamorphic deposit 接触变质矿床contact metamorphic zone 接触变质带contact metamorphism 接触变质contact metasomatism 接触交代contact mineral 接触矿物contact plane 接触面contemporaneous 同时的contemporaneous deformation structure 同生变形构造contemporaneous erosion 同时侵蚀contemporaneous fault 同生断层contemporaneous heterotopic facies 同时异相content 品位content of gas 瓦斯含量continental facies 陆相continental flysch formation 陆相复理式建造continental river 大陆河continental sea 内陆海continental sediment 陆相沉积continental shelf 陆棚continental slope 大陆坡coral 珊瑚core 岩心core analysis 岩心分析core bit 岩心钻头core boring method 取心钻探法core breaker 岩心提取器core drill 岩心钻core drilling 岩心钻进core extractor 岩心提取器core grabber 岩心爪correlation of coal seams 煤层对比correlation of strata 地层对比correlation table 对比表craton 稳定地块cratonization 克拉通化酌cretaceous period 白垩纪crozzling coal 炼焦煤crude oil 原油crust of weathering 风化壳crustal fault 地壳断裂cryptodome 潜圆丘cryptovolcanic structure 潜火山构造cryptozoic eons 隐生宙crystal 晶体cuticle 角质层cuticular 表皮的debris 岩屑debris cone 冲积锥debris soil 岩屑土deep focus earthquake 深源地震deep fold 基底褶曲deep karst channel 深岩溶洞deep sea deposit 深海沉积deep sea drilling 大洋钻探deep sea floor 深海底deep seated weathering 深层风化deep seismic sounding dss 深地震测深deep weathering 深层风化deep well drilling 深孔钻进deep well turbine pump 深钻孔涡轮泵defile 山谷deflation 风蚀deformation 应变deformation band 变形带degasify 脱瓦斯degass 脱瓦斯degree of hardness 硬度delta 三角洲delta deposit 三角洲沉积delta lake 三角洲湖deltaic coast 三角洲海岸dendrochronology 年轮年代学deposit of sedimentary origin 沉积成因矿床deposition factor 沉积因子deposition rate 沉积速度depositional surface 沉积面depositional system 沉积体系desert deposit 沙漠沉积物desert lake 沙漠湖development machine 掘进机development well 确定油田边界的井devonian 泥盆纪devonian period 泥盆纪dewater 排水dewatering 脱水dewatering pump 排水泵diameter of bore 钻孔直径diameter of particles 粒径diamond anvile 金刚石测钻diamond bit 金刚石钻头diamond boring 金刚石钻进diamond drilling 金刚石钻进diamond drilling bit 金刚石钻头discordance 不整合discordant 不整一的discordant age 不整合年龄discordant batholith 不整合岩基discordant bedding 不整合层理discordant injection 不整合侵入discordant intrusive 不整合侵入岩体dislocation 断层dislocation breccia 断层角砾岩dislocation metamorphism 断错变质dome 穹顶dome mountain 穹形山dome shaped fold 穹状褶皱dome shaped volcano 穹状火山dome structure 穹窿构造dormant volcano 休火山drill hole 钻孔drill rig 钻机drill rod 钻杆drill steel 钻钢drill stem 钻杆driller's log 钻井记录drilling bit 钻头drilling derrick 钻塔drilling exploration 钻探drilling rig 钻机drilling technique 钻探技术drilling template 井口盘drilling unit 钻井装置drilling with direct circulation of mud 泥浆正向循环钻进drillings 钻孔碎屑dry analysis 干法分析dry gas 干瓦斯durain 暗煤dyas 二迭系dyke 岩脉dynamic geology 动力地质学dynamic geomorphology 动力地貌学galery 巷道gangue 脉石gangue rock 脉石岩gap 峡谷;间隙;海谷gap in the succession of strata 地层间断gas coal 气煤gas flame coal 长焰煤gasify 煤气化enetic type of ore deposit 矿床成因类型genetic types of coal 煤成因类型geoanticline 地背斜geoarchaeology 地质考古学geoastronomy 宇宙地质学geobarometer 地质压力计geobasin 地盆geochemical 地球化学的geochemical anomaly 地球化学异常geochemical balance 地球化学均衡geochemical behavior 地球化学性状geochemical behaviour of elements 元素的地球化学性状geochronology 地质年代学geochronometry 地质年代测定法geodynamics 地质力学geogeny 地球成因学geographical latitude 地理纬度geographical longitude 地理经度geologic setting 地质构造geologic time 地质年代geological age 地质时代geological background 地质背景geological compass 地质罗盘geological conditions 地质条件geological record 地质编录geological reserves 地质储量geological section 地质剖面geological survey 地质勘查geotectonic map 大地构造图geotectonics 大地构造学gneiss 片麻岩gneissic 片麻状的grade of coal 煤级grance coal 光亮型煤granite 花岗岩grit 粗砂岩grout 水泥浆guyot 平顶海山hand drilling 人工打钻heading machine 掘进机high moor 高位沼泽high volatile bituminous coal a 气煤high volatile bituminous coal b 长焰煤high volatile bituminous coal c 焰煤hillside creep 滑坡hoist 升起hoisting cable 提升铜丝绳hoisting crane 升降起重机hole boring 井孔钻进hole deviation 钻眼偏斜hole drilling 井孔钻进hole mouth 井口hole size 钻孔直径holespacing 炮眼间距holocene 全新世horizontal angle 水平角horizontal fault 水平断层horizontal slip 水平滑动horizontal stratum 水平岩层horst 地垒horst block mountain 地垒式断块山humate 腐殖酸盐humic acid 胡敏酸humic coal 腐殖煤humification 腐殖化humin 胡敏素huminite 腐殖煤humosapropelic coal 腐殖腐泥煤humus 腐殖质hydrogeochemical prospecting 水文地球化学勘探hydrostatic pressure 静水压力hydrothermal deposit 热液矿床hypabyssal 半深成的hypautochthonous coal 微异地生成煤hypsographic map 等高线地形图ice age 冰期ice barrier 冰障ice cap 冰帽idiochromatic 自色的igneous 火成的igneous rock 火成岩imbricate 叠瓦状imbricated fault 叠瓦状断层imbricated structure 叠瓦构造imbricated texture 叠瓦状结构immediate roof 直接顶immerse 浸入impact 冲击碰撞impact crusher 冲撞破碎机impermeability 不渗透性impermeable seam 不透水层impervious bed 不透水层impervious horizon 不透水层impregnate 浸染impregnated structure 浸染状构造impregnation 浸透impregnation deposit 浸染矿床impsonite 焦性沥青incipient peneplain 初期准平原incipient peneplane 初期准平原inclination 倾角inclined bed 倾斜层inclined boring 倾斜钻进inclined drilling 倾斜钻进inclined fold 歪斜褶皱inclined plane 倾斜面inclined seam 斜矿层inclined shaft 斜井inclined slice 倾斜分层incompetent bed 弱岩层induced fan 抽风机induced infiltration 诱导渗透industrial classification of coal 煤工业分类industrial grade 工业品位inferred reserves 推算储量infrastructure 下层构造infusorial earth 硅藻土ingression 海侵inherent ash 固有灰分initial dip 原始倾斜initial form 原始地形inland 内地inland basin 内陆盆地inland lake 内陆湖inland sea 内海inlet 峡湾interbedded 夹层的interbedded stratum 夹层interbedding 互层intercalary strata 夹层intercontinental sea 陆间海intercratonic basin 克拉通内盆地interglacial 间冰期的interglacial epoch 间冰期interior basin 内陆盆地interlayer 夹层intermediate hinterland 中间地块intermediate massif 中间地块intermediate rock 中性岩intermount basin 山间盆地interpolation 内插法interregional unconformity 区域不整合intrusion 侵入intrusive rock 侵入岩inverted fold 倒转褶皱inverted order 倒转层位isobath 等深线isohypse 等高线isopach 等厚线isopach map 等厚图isotopic age determination 用同位素的时代测定isotopic analysis 同位素分析isotopic dating 用同位素的时代测定jack hammer 凿岩锤jet 煤精joint 节理;关节joint set 节理组joint surface 节理面jura 侏罗纪jurassic period 侏罗纪kaolin 高岭土kaolinite 高岭石karst 岩溶karst denudation plane 岩溶剥蚀面karst landform 岩溶地貌karst landscape 岩溶景观karstenite 硬石膏katamorphism 碎裂变质katazone 深变质带kink 弯曲kink fold 折带褶曲lacuna 地层缺失lacustrine deposits 湖沉积lacustrine formation 湖积建造lacustrine terrace 湖成阶地lagoon 泻湖lagoon deposits 泻湖沉积lagoon sediments 泻湖沉积land facies 陆相land subsidence 地盘沉陷latitude 纬度lava 熔岩lava bed 熔岩层lava cascade 熔岩瀑布lava column 熔岩柱lava cone 熔岩锥lava crater 熔岩火口lava dome 熔岩穹丘lava flood 熔岩泛lava flow 熔岩流lava sheet 熔岩席layer of shale 夹层layered gneiss 层状片麻岩llead lead method 铅法年龄测定lead zinc ore 铅锌矿leaf by leaf injection 层层侵入legend 图例lens 扁豆状矿体lensoid ore body 透镜状矿体leucocrate 淡色岩leucocratic rock 淡色岩levee 天然堤level 水准level surface 水准面lignification 褐煤化lignified 褐煤化的lignite 褐煤limb 翼limb of fold 褶皱翼limestone 石灰岩limestone cave 灰岩洞linear fold 线状褶皱linked vein 链状矿脉liptobiolith 残植煤lit by lit injection 层层贯入lit par lit intrusion 间层侵入lithofacies 岩相lithofacies map 岩相图lithogenesis 岩石成因lithosphere 岩石圈lithospheric fault 岩圈断裂lithotype 煤岩类型littoral terrace 海滨阶地local unconformity 局部不整合log 钻孔柱状图;测井记录log interpretation 测井记录解释logging 测井long flame coal 长焰煤low volatile bituminous coal 低挥发分烟煤low volatile coal 低挥发分煤lump coal 块煤maceral 煤显微组分macrosporangium 大孢子囊macrospore 大孢子macrosporophyll 大孢子叶macrostratigraphy 宏观地层学macrostructure 宏观结构magma 岩浆magmatic rock 岩浆岩magnetic north 磁北magnetite 磁铁矿malachite 孔雀石malacolite 白透辉石mantle 地幔map interlinking 接图marginal sea 边缘海marginal trough 边缘地槽marine deposit 海洋沉积marine erosion 海蚀marl 泥灰岩marlaceous face 泥灰岩相marsh 沼泽marsh peat 湿地泥炭massif 地块massive 块状的massive coal 块煤mature 成孰的mature stage 壮年期mature valley 壮年谷maturity 壮年期maximum basin relief 最大盆地起伏meadow 草地meagre coal 贫煤measuring reel 卷尺measuring stick 量尺measuring tape 卷尺measuring tube 量筒mechanical weathering 机械风化medium grained sand 中粒沙medium grained texture 中粒结构medium sand 中砂medium thickness seam 中厚层medium volatile bituminous coal 中度挥发烟煤megabreccia 巨形角砾岩meridian 子午线meridional circulation 经向环流meridional structural system 经向构造体系mesocrate 中色岩mesocratic 中色的mesodialyte 中性石mesogeosyncline 陆间地槽meta ripples 不对称波痕metallogenic epoch 成矿时代metallogenic factors 成矿因素metallogenic map 成矿图metallogenic province 成矿区metallogeny 矿床成因论metamorphic 变质的metamorphic deposit 变质矿床metamorphic diffusion 变质扩散酌metamorphic event 变质事件metamorphic facies 变质相metamorphic grade 变质程度metamorphic map 变质图metamorphic reaction 变质反应metamorphic rock 变质岩metasomatism 交代metasomatosis 交代变质metasome 交代矿物mica 云母microspore 小孢子microtectonics 显微构造mid oceanic ridge 洋中脊mid oceanic ridge basalt 中央海脊玄武岩mill 选矿厂mineragenetic province 成矿区mineral 矿物mineral assemblage 矿物集合mineral association 矿物组合mineral composition 矿物成分mineral deposit 矿床mineral occurrence 矿点mineral resources 矿石储量;矿产资源mineralized zone 矿化带minimum mining content 最小可采品位minimum mining thickness 最小可采厚度minimum mining width 最小可采厚度minimum temperature 最低温度minimum workable grade 最低可采品位minimum workable thickness 最低可采厚度mining 矿业;采矿mining losses 开采损失mining right 采矿权miocene 中新世moisture content 水分含量moisture content of coal 煤水分monoclinal 单钭的monoclinal fold 单斜褶皱monoclinal mountain 单面山morass 沼泽moss bog 藓类沼泽mountain range 山脉mountain ridge 山脊mountain system 山系muscovite 白云母muscovite schist 白云母片岩nappe 推复体natrium 钠natural asphalt 天然沥青natural coke 天然焦炭neo ice age 新冰期neogene 新近纪neutral humus 中性腐殖质nickel 镍nickel ore 镍矿nonbedded 非成层的noncoking coal 非粘结性煤nonconformity 不整合normal fault 正断层normal fold 正褶皱normal order 正常层序normal succession 正常层序north latitude 北纬north pole 北极obduction 仰冲obduction plate 仰冲板块obduction zone 仰冲带oblique fault 斜断层oblique fold 斜卧褶皱oblique joint 斜节理offshore 外滨offshore bar 滨外洲oligocene 渐新世onlap 海侵超覆open cut mining 露天采矿open cut ore mine 露天开采矿山open hearth 平炉open pit method 露天开采法ophiolite 蛇绿岩ophiolite formation 蛇绿岩建造ordovician 奥陶纪ore 矿石ore bed 矿层ore deposit 矿床ore dilution 矿石贫化ore formation 矿石建造ore pillar 矿柱ore reserve 矿储藏量orogen 造山地带orogenesis 造山运动orogenic cycle 造山旋回overfold 倒转褶皱overland flow 表面径流overland runoff 地表径流overlap 超复overlying strata 覆层overlying strata of coal measures 煤系盖层overthrust 逆掩断层overthrust block 掩冲体overthrust mass 掩冲体overthrust plane 逆掩断层面overthrust sheet 逆掩层overthrusting plate 上冲板块overturn 倒转overturned anticline 倒转背斜overturned fold 倒转褶皱overturned succession of strata 倒转层序oxidation zone 氧化带oxidation zone of sulphide deposits 硫化物矿床氧化带oxygen content of coal 煤中氧paired metamorphic belt 双变质带paleogene 古近纪paleogeographical map 古地理图paleostructure 古构造paleotectonic 古构造的paleotypal 古相的paleozoic era 古生代paludal 沼泽的paludification 沼泽化paraclase 断层裂缝paraconformity 似整合parallel faults 平行断层parallel folding 平行褶皱parallel growth 平行共生parallel unconformity 假整合parallel vein 平行脉parent rock 母岩pay dirt 可采矿石pay ore 可采矿石peat 泥炭peat bog 泥炭沼泽peat formation 泥炭形成pegmatite 伟晶岩pegmatite deposit 伟晶岩矿床pelagic deposit 深海沉积pelagic facies 远海相pelagic sediment 远海沉积物pelite 泥质岩pelitic 泥质的pelitic rock 泥质岩peneplain 准平原percussion rotary boring 冲积钻钻探percussive rotary drilling 冲积钻钻探periclinal 穹状的periclinal structure 穹状构造peridot 橄榄石peridotite 橄榄岩period 纪periostracum 角质层permian 二叠纪permian period 二叠纪petrofacies 岩相petrographical formation 岩层petrographical province 岩区petrography 岩石学petroleum 石油phreatic rise 地下水上升phreatic zone 潜水带phyllite 千枚岩phyllitic 千枚状的piedmont 山麓piedmont alluvial plain 山前冲积平原piedmont benchland 山麓阶地piedmont glacier 山麓冰川piedmont plain 山麓冲积平原pillow lava 枕状熔岩pillow like 枕状的pillow structure 枕状构造pistacite 绿帘石placer deposit 砂积矿床plain 平原plain of accumulation 堆积平原plain of denudation 剥蚀平原plain of marine erosion 海蚀平原plant ash 植物灰plate 板plate collision 板块碰撞plate kinematics 板块运动学plate margin 板块边缘plate movement 板块运动plate tectonics 板块构造plateau 高原plateau basalt 高原玄武岩platform 台地platform anteclise 台背斜pluvial age 洪积时期polder 堤围泽地possible ore 可能矿量possible reserves 可能储量post glacial age 冰期后的时期post glacial period 冰后期precambrian 前寒武纪primary peneplain 始准平原primary sedimentary structure 原始沉积构造primeval forest 原始森林primitive 原始的probable reserves 可能储量process of crustal movement 地壳运动过程prognostic map 预测图proluvial fan 洪积扇prospect hole 勘探钻孔prospect opening 勘探巷道prospect pit 探井prospect shaft 勘探立井prospect tunnel 勘探平硐prospecting 勘探prospecting bore 勘探钻孔prospecting by drilling 钻进勘探prospecting pit 勘探试坑prospecting well 探井proved ore 证实的矿量proved reserves a级储量proximate analysis of coal 煤工业分析psammite 砂质岩psammitic 砂屑的psammitic rock 砂质岩psephitic 砾状的psephitic rock 砾质岩pulverized coal 粉煤pyrite 黄铁矿quarry 采石场quarrying 露天开采quarternary 第四纪quartz 石英quartz crystal 水晶rain print 雨痕rain rill 雨沟rate of production 生产率rate of recovery 回采率rate of sedimentation 沉淀速度rate of subsidence 沉陷速度raw coal 原煤recovery 回收;采取recovery factor 岩心采取率recovery hook 打捞钩recovery ratio 回采率recrement 矸石reef 礁regression 海退regression analysis 回归分析regressive sequence 海退层序rejects 尾矿relative age 相对时代retrogradation 海蚀后退reverse fault 逆断层rhythm 韵律ridge 海岭riebeckite 钠闪石rift 裂谷rift belt 裂谷带rift valley 中央裂谷rift zone 裂谷带rig 钻探设备right angle 直角rill 小溪rock facies 岩相rock formation 岩系rotary bit 旋转式钻头rotary boring 回转钻探rotary drill 旋转钻机rotary drilling machine 旋转钻机row 煤层run 走向run of mine coal 原煤run of mine ore 原矿rutile 金红石sac shaped 囊状的safe yield 可靠产量sag 凹陷salt dome 盐丘salt lake 盐湖salt marsh 咸沼;盐沼saprolite 腐泥土sapropel 腐殖泥sapropelic coal 腐泥煤sapropelic groundmass 腐泥基质sapropelite 腐泥岩sapropelites 腐泥岩sapropelitic group 腐泥化组saprophages 腐生物saprophytes 腐生物sapropsammite 砂质腐泥scaffold 脚手架schist 片岩schistosity 片理sea level 海平面sea level fluctuation 海面升降sea water intrusion 海水浸入seam floor 底盘seam roof 顶盖岩seam thickness 层厚secondary recovery 二次开采sediment 沉积sedimentary cover 沉积盖层sedimentary cycle 沉积旋回sedimentary deposit 沉积矿床sedimentary formation 沉积建造sedimentary mantle 沉积盖层sedimentary model of coal 煤沉积模式sedimentary nappe 沉积推复体sedimentary rock 沉积岩sedimentary structure 沉积构造sedimentary system 沉积体系sedimentation basin 沉积盆地sedimentation rate 沉淀速度semianthracite 半无烟煤semibituminous coal 半沥青煤semibright coal 半亮煤semidull coal 半暗煤serpentine 蛇纹石serpentite 蛇纹石shield 地盾shiver 页岩siderite 菱铁矿silt 粉砂silting 淤积siltstone 粉砂岩silurian 志留纪slate 板岩slide 滑动slide fault 滑动断裂slime 淤泥sphenoid 楔状sphenolith 岩楔spongy parenchyma 海绵组织spongy spicule 海绵骨针spongy structure 海绵构造spontaneous combustion of coal 煤自燃发火spore 孢子spore bearing plants 孢子植物spore coal 孢子煤spore coat 孢壁sporinite 孢子体sporinitic liptobiolith 孢子残殖煤stable humus 稳定腐植质steep fault 陡角断层steep slope 高倾斜steepness 陡度strand deposits 沿滨沉积strata 地层stratiform 层状的stratiform ore deposit 层状矿床stratigraphic overlap 地层超复stream bed 河床stream channel 河道sstrike 走向strike fault 走向断层strike joint 走向节理strike line 走向线sublittoral zone 潮下带submarine coal field 海底煤田sulfur content of coal 煤中硫量sulfur metasomatism 硫交代table mount 平顶海山table mountain 平顶山table reef 平顶礁tail 尾tail assay 尾料分析tail fin 尾tailings 尾渣tailings grade 尾矿品位talc 滑石talus 山麓talus breccia 倒石锥角砾岩tar sand 沥青沙taxite 斑杂岩technologic properties of coal 煤工艺性tectogene 深坳槽tectonic 构造的tectonic axis 构造轴tectonic basin 构造盆地tectonic facies 构造相tectonic level 构造层位tectonic map 大地构造图temperate climate 温带气候temperate lake 温带湖temperate zone 温带tendency 倾向tensile force 张力tensile strength 抗张强度tensile stress 张应力tension 张力tension deep fracture 张性深断裂tension fracture 张破裂tension joint 张节理terrestrial facies 陆相terrestrial sediments 陆地沉积层terrigenous deposit 陆源沉积test boring 勘探钻井test hole 探井test piece 试验片test pit 探井test well 探井theodolite 经纬仪theory of isostasy 地壳均衡说theory of pediplanation 山麓剥蚀平原学说theory of polycycle 多旋回说thermal capacity 热容量thin bed 薄层thin out of coal seam 煤层尖灭three dimensional seismic method 三维地震勘探法thrust 逆冲断层thrust fault 逆冲断层thrust plane 逆逆断层面tidal current 潮流tidal delta 潮汐三角洲tidal efficiency 潮汐率tidal terrace 后滨阶地tidal zone 潮汐带tide 潮汐tilt 倾斜tilted aquifer 倾斜含水层tilted block 倾斜地块tilted stratum 倾斜层top slicing system 下向分层采矿法topographic map 地形图topography 地形学topset bed 顶积层transgression 海进transgressive injection 不整合侵入transgressive overlap 海侵超覆transgressive unconformity 海侵不整合triassic 三叠期triassic period 三迭纪tropical climate 热带气候tropical lake 热带湖tropical zone 热带true dip 真倾角true thickness 真厚度turf 泥炭turfary 泥炭沼泽ultimate analysis of coal 煤炭元素分析ultimate plain 终平原ultrabasic rock 超基性岩ultrabasite 超基性岩unconformable 不整合的unconformity 不整合underground gasification of coal 煤炭地下气化underground water 地下水underhand stoping 下向梯段回采underlying bed 下伏层underlying seam 下层unsymmetric fold 不对称褶皱upland 高地upland moor 高位沼泽uplifted plain 上升平原upper confining bed 上覆隔水层upper roof 老顶upstream water 上层带水vadose zone 通气层valley 谷valley bog 河谷沼泽valley fill 河谷填积valley glacier 谷冰川valuation 评价vegetable mould 沼泽泥vegetable remains 植物残余vegetation zone 植被带vein 矿脉vein deposit 脉矿床venner rock 表层vent 火山口vibrator 振动器振子vibratory drilling 振动钻进vibratory percussive drilling 振动冲魂井vibratory rotary drilling 振动旋转钻井vitrain 光亮型煤vitrinite 镜质组vitrite 微镜煤volatile 挥发性的volatile components 挥发组分volatile content 挥发组分含量volcanic 火山的volcanic arc 火山岛弧volcanic ash 火山灰volcanic ash soil 火山灰土volcanic association 火山岩组合wall 墙壁wall rock alteration 围岩蚀变water separator 脱水器water solubility 水溶性water stage 水位water table 地下水面weakly caking coal 弱粘煤weathering crust 风化壳weathering residues 风化残留物wedging out 尖灭wedging out of coal seam 煤层尖灭weighted average 加权平均值well boring 钻井well diameter 钻孔直径well drilling 钻井winning assembly 采掘设备winning drum 卷筒提升机wire line 钢丝绳workability of rock 岩石可采性workable deposit 可开采矿床workable thickness 可采厚度working 开采xylem 木质部xyloid coal 木煤xylovitrain 木质镜煤young stage 幼年期young valley 幼年谷zone of contact 接触变质带zone of faulting 断裂带zone of fracture 破裂带zone of leaching 淋滤带。
地质工程-专业英语
Unit 1 Basic GeologyLesson1 GeologyPhysical GeologyMineralogy 矿物学petrology岩石学geomorphology 地磁学geophysics 地球物理学geochemistry 地球化学sedimentology 沉积学structural geology构造地质学economic geology经济地质学Historical GeologyPaleontology 古生物学stratigraphy 地层学paleogeography古地理学Precambrian前寒武纪Paleozoic古生代Mesozoic中生代Cenozoic新生代Lesson6 Geologic Time ScaleLate Late Permian 晚二叠世晚期proterozoic元古代后缀gene为纪，后缀cene为世，后缀zoic为代。
Paleogene古近纪mass extinctions大灭绝Cretaceous白垩纪nonmarine陆相Eons宙eras代periods纪epochs世ages期Extent地理分布Paleozoic：Permian二叠Carboniferous石炭Devonian泥盆Silurian志留超群super—group 群group 组formation 段member 亚段sub-member岩石lithology chronology年代Lesson 8 RocksAggregation集合Rock is aggregation of solid matter composed of one or more of minerals forming the Earth's crust.Perology 岩石igneous火成的sedimentary沉积的metamorphic变质的Igneous Rocks火成岩Solidification岩石固结成岩作用volcanic neck火山颈pyroclastics火山灰stock岩株Extrusive rocks 喷出岩intrusive rocks 侵入岩dacite英安岩basalt 玄武岩andesite安山岩texture结构grains颗粒Metamorphic RocksMarble大理岩quartzite石英massive块状subject to承受于foliation片理slaty cleavage板状解理schist片岩mica云母hornblende schist角闪石gneiss石英Regional metamorphic rocks区域变质岩shearing stress剪切力hydrostatic stress静水压力Contact metamorphic rocks 接触变质岩ingeous intrusion火山侵入体Cataclastic or dynamic metamorphic动力变质岩Burial metamorphic rocks 埋藏变质岩brutal history 埋藏史Lesson 14 Classification of Sedimentary RocksHydrocarbon=petroleum=oil+gasDerived from生于，来源于Grains颗粒dissolved into溶解成weathering风化作用erosion溶蚀作用(wind，waves，rivers ）compaction压实作用recrystallization重结晶cementation胶结作用Ultimately 最后的Detrital碎屑的biogenic生物的chemical化学的devise to设计pigeonhole分类exclusively独有的organism 生物iron formation铁沉积层artificial人工的salient 主要的detrial sedimentary 碎屑岩clasts碎屑discrete不连续terrigenous陆源碎屑erode 剥蚀debris碎屑weathering site搬运区gravel砾sand砂mud泥depositional basin沉积盆地intrabasinal盆内rework再改造contemporaneous同期ooide鲕粒shale板岩siltstone粉砂岩laminae页理ciliciclastic 硅质碎屑lithification岩石化cementation胶结subcategory次级分类conglomerates砾岩distinguish lecture杰出讲师some大约sandstone砂岩turbudite浊积岩framework grains 颗粒骨架debris flow碎屑流pore space孔隙matrix杂基matrix porosity 基质clast碎屑precipitate沉淀deposit沉积saturation饱和度metabolism新陈代谢precipitate骨骼carbonate盐oil shale油母页岩kerogen干酪根extramarital婚外的intracratonic内克拉通盆地extra basinal盆外的methane甲烷paraffins石蜡intraclasts 内碎屑shield地盾(无覆盖层）platform地台carbonate rock台地碳酸盐limestone石灰岩dolomite白云岩calcite方解石restricted platform局限台地toilet tissue手纸facial tissue面巾nonorganic无机dissolution溶解dissolve溶解saturation饱和halite食盐evaporate 蒸发岩anhydrite硬石膏gypsum石膏brines盐水evaporate蒸发iron formations 铁沉积层Phanerozoic显生宙ironstones铁沉积岩salnity含盐度nevertheless不过clastic（fragmental）sediments沉积物pyroclastic火山碎屑的volcaniclastic火山碎屑terrigenous陆源source rock原岩glass shards玻屑meteoritic陨石extraterrestrial星体的velocity 速度cataclastic碎裂的coarse—grained粗粒angular 棱角状restricted extent分布局限landslides滑脱caverns溶洞（大的) cavity溶孔pore孔隙conglomerate砾岩breccias角砾岩fracture zones裂缝带crumple起皱fragment破碎texture结构fine grained细粒coarse粗的medium中等粒径thirckly—bedded ss 厚层砂岩massive块状mudstone泥岩fluvial=river braided辨状河lake湖permeability渗透率sorting分选poorly-sorted分选差well-sorted分选好thin section薄片seismic section地震剖面rounding磨圆porosity孔隙度micro—macro- stratification层理flat surface平的bedding plane 层面Aeolian dune风成沙丘glacial冰川gravels砾pebbles（4～8cm）砾stratified分层的coral珊瑚limestone灰岩clastic碎屑diagenesis成岩作用alluvial冲积扇turbidite浊积岩delta三角洲abyssal fan 深海barrier inland障壁岛lagoon泻湖levy 天然堤flood plain泛滥平原splay决口扇dessert甜点splay斜面rifting破裂Lesson 17 Sedimentary Environments and FaciesSubtle（trap）隐蔽圈闭adjacent相邻的submarine海底的parameters参数variation 变化subtle微小的subaqueous水下的catchment area集水区terrestrial陆相的fauna 动物flora植物overgraze过度defoliation落叶deforestation采伐森林overcultivation 过度耕种catastrophic灾难性的erosion剥蚀moderating缓解skeleton骨架Lowliest低级aquilibrium平衡consensus共识Glacial冰的tilate 冰碛物fluvial河流的lacustrine湖泊的paludal沼泽Delta三角洲estuary 河口lagoon泻湖tidal潮泙barrier bar障壁坝Neritic浅海bathyal半深海abyssal深海realms域Basin and range coupling盆山耦合Cliffed coastlines 悬崖海岸线submarine canyons海底峡谷current-scoured shelves水冲浊蚀大陆架subaqueous水下沉积物sedimentary cover沉积盖层nondeposition沉积间断peneplanes 准平原weathering profiles风化剖面Attribute属性，归属于frequency频率seismic impendence波阻抗lateral侧向stratigraphic unit地层单元metamorphic rocks变质岩Delta plain，delta front，prodeltaDistributary channel分支河道mouth bar河口坝sub—tidal潮下inter-tidal潮间supra —tidal潮上sub—salt盐下supra-salt盐上paleontologic古生物的paleontology古生物学reef facies生物礁相tidal flat facies潮坪相petrology岩石学shoreface facies滨岸相tidalite潮积相criteria标准feminist女权主义者assistant助理point—bar facies点沙坝insulting侮辱spectrum范围，光谱geometry几何foreshore滨前相backshore 滨后相demonstration演示arkosic sandstone长石质砂岩setting背景lithiarenite岩屑砂岩braid bar辨状河心滩dolomitization白云岩化outcrop露头subsurface:core岩心side core井壁取心drilling cutting钻井岩屑Lesson 23 FoldsUndulated bends波状弯曲laminated strata成层状岩石stratigraphy地层学defame诽谤plastic deformation塑性变形the surface of unconformity角度不整合disconformity平行不整合basement基底vertical垂直的the continental Earth's crust大陆地壳Massive composition大块岩体tension应力状态endogenic processes 内营力作用the dislocation rocks岩石的变形alternation互层morphology形态morphological形态学the genetic classification成因分类supplementary互补的properties特征the morphological classification形态学分类the position of axial surface轴面产状Symmetrical folds对称褶皱asymmetrical folds不对称褶皱inclined folds倾斜褶皱overturned folds倒转褶皱inverted folds翻转褶皱recumbent folds平卧褶皱fan扇形blunt钝的normal fold正常褶皱isoclinal folds等斜褶皱fan—shaped folds 扇形褶皱sharp folds尖棱褶皱blunt folds钝状褶皱coffer（box)folds箱状褶皱thickness厚的Limestone石灰岩rockunit页岩sandstone砂岩supra tidal潮汐sub在下面的subsurface地下Similar folds相似形褶皱concentric folds同心状褶皱anticlinal folds背斜形褶皱synclinal folds向斜形褶皱linear folds线状褶皱brachy-formed fold短轴褶皱dome—shaped fold 穹窿状褶皱folds of the oval shape椭圆形褶皱the cross dimensions纵横维度bowl—like folds似碗状褶皱elevated提起through沟，槽hinges枢纽the axial line轴线go round 转动periclinal closure穹窿状闭合the core of the folds褶皱核部Lesson 24 FaultsFracture裂缝offset错位joint解理plate margins板块边缘dissipated释放geometry 几何学geometrical几何的exploitation剥削crucial关键的Reserve资源earthquake hazards地震灾害ruptures断裂，破裂fissures裂缝distinct 清晰adjoining邻近的dip-slip faults 倾滑断层strike-slip faults走滑断层hanging wall 上盘footwall下盘up-thrown block上升盘down-thrown block下降盘conjugate共轭Elaborate讨论morphological形态学genetic成因学grabens地垒shear zone剪切带brittle fault脆性断层vertical垂向的normal faults正断层reverse faults逆断层shear faults剪切断层gaping faults张开断层overthrusts逆冲断层napples推覆体Map（从平面上来看）cross-section剖面right右left左subsurface 地下transtensional 扭张的faulting断层活动transcompressional扭压Lesson 41 Sedimentary basinsPassive margin basin intracratonic foreland pull—apart basin走滑盆地deposition沉积tectono-stratigraphy构造层序stratigraphic package层系sequence层序succession层系Basin analysis integrated basin studies盆地综合研究basin fill盆地充填subsidence沉积Oil：generation生expulsion排migration运accumulation聚集（油气藏油气田）pre —rift裂前盆地syn—rift post-rift sagging rift basin裂谷盆地foreland basin前陆盆地back—arc basin弧后盆地fore-arc superimposed basin 叠合盆地anastomosed网状underlie 在…下面overlie 在…上面compressional 压性盆地polyhistory basin多历史的盆地hydrocarbons油气intervening盆地之间igneous岩浆岩metamorphic变质岩cornerstone基石traps圈闭acreage区块acre鹦鹉footage钻井进尺Drillable可钻prospect远景fairways区带with reference to参照genesis成因evolution演化chapter章section章节syncline向斜pene准peneplain准平原mountain chain山链dedolomitization去白云岩化dolomite白云岩。
地质学专业英语NO
nominal diameter 标称直径
nomogram 列线图
non polar bond 非极性键
non polar linkage 非极性键
nonadiabatic change 非绝热变化
nonangular unconformity 假整合
nonbedded 非成层的
natural stream 天然河流
natural succession 自然演替
natural ventilation 自然通风
natural water 天然水
natural water level 自然水位
nature preservation 自然保护
naujakasite 瑙云母
nitrocalcite 钙硝石
nitrogen 氮
nitrogen compounds in petroleum 石油含氮化合物
nitrogen content of coal 煤中氮
nitrogen cycle 氮循环
nitromagnesite 镁硝石
nitronatrite 钠硝石
natural gas 天然气
natural geologic hazard 自然地质灾害
natural heat flow 天然热流
natural levee 天然堤
natural load 自然负荷
natural products 天然产物
natural radioactive element 天然放射性元素
neritic sea 浅海
neritic sediments 浅海沉积
(完整版)地质工程专业常用英文词汇
1论述引入相应的观点概论概率观点化宏观的增补规划证明证明赔偿算法鉴别式有限元方法样本单元法赤平投影法赤平投影扰乱位移法扰乱能量法条分法极限均衡法界面元法摹拟计算程序数值剖析计算工作量解的独一性多层结构模型非线性横观各向同性各向同性各向异性非均质性界限条件本构方程初始条件初始状态岩土工程土木匠程基础工程最不利滑面交替控制论大批现场检查组合式互相作用稳固性评论均质性介质层组构1 地形地貌工程地质条件地形地貌条件地形地貌微地貌地貌单元坡度地形图河谷expound(explain), stateintroduce intocorrespondingconceptionoverviewprobabilityconceptualizemacroscopiccomplementplandemonstrate, certify, attestconfirmationcompensate, make up, imbursealgorithmdiscriminantfinite element method(FEM)sample element method(SEM)stereographic projection method(SPM)stereographic projectioninterference displacement method(IDM)interference energy method(IEM)method of sliceslimit equilibrium methodboundary element methodsimulatecomputer programnumerical analysiscalculation loaduniqueness of solutionlaminated modelnonlinearlateral isotropyisotropyanisotropyheterogeneityboundary conditionconstitutive equationinitial conditionrest conditiongeotechnical engineering,civil engineeringfoundation engineeringthe most dangerous slip surfacealternatecyberneticsmass field surveyscombined typeinteractionstability evaluationhomogeneitymediumlayer, stratumfabricgeographic and geomorphicengineering geological conditionsgeographic and geomorphic conditionsland formrelieflandform unit, geomorphic unitgraderelief mapriver valley河流河床冲沟河漫滩阶地冲积平原三角洲古河流冲积扇洪积扇坡积裙分水岭盆地岩溶地貌溶洞落水洞土洞2 地层岩性地层岩性岩体岩层岩层母岩相变硬质岩软质岩硬质的软质的基岩岩组覆盖层交织层理层面片理层理板理(叶理)波痕泥痕雨痕造岩矿物黏土矿物高岭土蒙脱石伊利石云母白云母黑云母石英长石正长石斜长石辉石角闪石方解石结构结构组构矿物构成结晶质非晶质产状火成岩river courseriver bed(channel)gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)floodplain(valley flat)terracealluvial plaindeltafossil river course, fossil stream channelalluvial fandiluvial fantalus aprondividebasinkarst land feature, karst landformsolution cave, karst cavesinkholeKarstic earth cavegeostrome (stratum, strata)lithologic character, rock propertyrock massbed stratumlayer, rock stratummatrix, parent rockfacies changestrong rock, filmweak rockcompetentincompetentbedrockpetrofabricoverburdencross beddingbedding planeschistositybeddingfoliationripple-markmud crackraindrop imprintsrock-forming mineralsclay mineralkaolinitemontmorilloniteillitemicamuscovitebiotitequartzfeldsparorthoclaseplagioclasepyroxene, picritehornblendecalcitestructuretexturefabric(tissue)mineral compositioncrystallineamorphousattitudeigneousgeomorphology,microrelief2岩浆岩火山岩(熔岩) 火山侵入岩喷出岩深成岩浅成岩酸性岩中性岩基性岩超基性岩岩基岩脉(墙)岩株岩流岩盖岩盆岩墙岩床岩脉花岗岩斑岩玢岩流纹岩正长岩粗面岩闪长岩安山岩辉长岩玄武岩细晶岩伟晶岩煌斑岩辉绿岩橄榄岩黑曜岩浮岩火山角砾岩火山集块岩凝灰岩堆积岩碎屑岩黏土岩粉砂质黏土岩化学岩生物岩砾岩角砾岩砂岩石英砂岩粉砂岩钙质粉砂岩泥岩页岩盐岩石灰岩白云岩泥灰岩泥钙岩泥砂岩砂质泥质硅质的有机质magmatic rocklavavolcanointrusive(invade) rockeffusive rockplutonic rockpypabysal rockacid rockinter-mediate rockbasic rockultrabasic rockrock base (batholith)dikerock stockrock flowrock laccolith (laccolite)rock lopolithrock dikerock sillvein dykegraniteporphyryporphyriterhyolitesyenitetrachytedioriteandesitegabbrobasaltaplitepegmatitelamprophyrediabaseduniteobsidianpumicevulcanic brecciavolcanic agglomeratetuffrocksilty claystonechemical rockbiolithconglomeratebrecciasandstonequartz sandstonesiltstonecalcareous siltstonemudstoneshalesalinelimestonedolomitemarlargillo-calcareousargillo-arenaceousarenaceousargillaceoussiliceousorganic matter粗粒中粒堆积物漂石、顽石卵石砾石砂粉土黏土粘粒砂质黏土粘质砂土壤土、亚黏土coarse grainmedium-grainedsediment (deposit)bouldercobblegravelsandsiltclayclay grainsandy clayclayey sandloam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚黏土sandy loam浮土、表土黄土红土泥灰软泥淤泥冲积物(层)冲积的洪积物(层)洪积的坡积物(层)残积物(层)残积的regolith (topsoil)loesslateritepeatoozemire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clayalluvionalluvialproluvium, diluvium, diluviondiluvialdeluviumeluviumeluvial风积物(层)湖积物(层)海积物(层)冰川堆积物(层)崩积物(层)残积黏土变质岩板岩千枚岩片岩片麻岩石英岩大理岩糜棱岩混淆岩碎裂岩3 地质结构地质结构结构结构大地结构结构运动造山运动起落运动水平运动完好性起伏度尺寸效应围压效应产状因素产状走向偏向倾角褶皱褶曲单斜eolian depositslake depositsmarine depositsglacier (drift)depositscolluvial deposits, colluviumresidual claymetamorphic rockslatephylliteschistgneissquartzitemarblemylonitemigmatitecataclasitegeologic structurestructural texturegeotectonictectogenesisorogenyvertical movementhorizontal movementperfection(integrity)wavinesssize effectconfining pressure effectelements of attitudeattitude, orientationstrikedipdip angle, angle of dipfoldfoldmonoclinesedimentaryclastic rockclay rock3向斜背斜穹隆挤压上盘下盘断距订交断层正断层逆断层平移断层层理微层理地堑地垒断层泥擦痕断裂破裂带节理节理组裂隙微裂隙劈理原生裂隙次生裂隙张裂隙剪裂隙卸荷裂隙裂隙率结构种类岩体结构岩块结构体块度结构面脆弱结构面临空面碎裂结构板状结构薄板状块状的层状的巨厚层薄层状的脆弱夹层夹层夹泥层夹泥连通性切层影响带完好性破裂胶结泥化尖灭错动错动层面断续的破裂共轭节理散状透镜状的岩石碎片岩屑薄膜层理高角度缓倾角反倾互层起伏的波状起伏的粒径结构层挤压均一的剪切错动面切割切割的致密结构岩糜棱岩断层角砾岩方解石脉碎块岩角砾岩粉岩屑固结定向摆列结构应力剩余应力4 水文地质条件水文循环大气圈水圈岩石圈地表径流地下径流流域流域面积汇水面积地下水地表水大气水气态水液态水固态水上层滞水潜水承压水吸着水介质缝隙孔隙水压力浸透压力扬压力静水压力外静水压力动水压力crumbleconjugated jointlooselens-shaped a.cragcuttings, debrismembrane, filmstratificationhigh dip anglelow dip angleanti-dipinterbed v.Interbedding n.unplanarundulate, undulatingparticle sizetectonospherecompressionhomogeneousshear faulted, bedding zonedissectiondissectedclose, compacttectonitemylonitefault brecciacalcite veinclastic rockbrecciarock powderdebris, debryconsolidationoriented spreadtectonic stressresidual stresshydrogeological conditionshydrologic cycleatmospherehydrospheregeospheresurface runoffsubsurface runoffvalley, drainage basindrainage area, river basin areacatchment areaground water, subsurface watersurface wateratmospheric wateraqueous (vapour) waterliquid watersolid waterperched waterphreatic waterconfined waterhygroscopic (adsorptive) watermediumvoidpore water pressureosmotic pressure, seepage forceuplift pressurehydrostatic pressureexternal hydrostatic pressurehydrodynamic pressure nsynclineanticlinedomesqueezeupper sectionbottom wall, footwall, lower wallseparationintersectfaultnormal faultreversed faultparallel faultbedding, stratificationlight stratificationgrabenhorst, fault ridgegouge, pug, selvage, fault gougestria, striationfracturefracture zonejointjoint setfissure, crackfine fissure, microscopic fissurecleavageoriginal jointepigenetic jointtension jointshear jointrelief crackfracture porositystructural patternrock mass structureblock massstructural elementblocknessstructural planeweak planefree facecataclastic textureplaty structurelamelloselumpy, massivelaminatedgiant thick-laminatedfinely laminatedweak intercalated layerinter bedding,degree of integralitycrumblecementargillizationtaper-outdiastrophismfaulted bedding planeintermittentclayey intercalationinter-clayconnectivityinsequentaffecting zoneintercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layerintegrity Integrate.v. & a.4浸透力外水压力内水压力水力联系水力折减系数水头损失浸透门路浸透系数潜水位水位水头含水层seepage pressureexternal water pressure internal water pressure hydraulic interrelation hydraulic reduction coefficient water head lossfiltration path, seepage path penetration coefficientwater table levelwater level, stage levelwater headaquifer弱含水层(弱透水层) aquitardaquicludepermeable layer, pervious layer不透水层(隔水层) aquifuge, impervious layer,潜水含水层承压含水层承压面潜水面浸润线不透水界限地下分水岭粘滞性富水性透水性(浸透性) 淋滤(溶滤作用) 反滤层水锈渗滴饱和潜水位变化带气象因素饱水带包气带包气带水上层滞水孔隙水裂隙水岩溶水联合水吸着水薄膜水毛细水重力水凝固水地下水埋藏条件地下水埋藏深度压水试验抽水试验impermeable layer, aquiclude phreatic aquiferconfined aquifer, artesian aquifer bearing surfacephreatic surface, water table phreatic curveimpervious boundarygroundwater ridgeviscosityabundancepermeabilitylixiviation, leachinginverted gravel filterincrustationseepsaturation, saturatedzone of variable phreatic level meteorological factorzone of saturationaeration zone, zone of aeration aeration zone waterperched waterpore waterfissure waterkarstic waterbound water, combined water hydroscopic waterpellicular watercapillary watergravitational watercondensation watercondition of groundwater occurrence depth of groundwater occurrence packer permeability testpumping test5 物理力学性质物理力学physical mechanics n.Physico-mechanicala.折服准则米赛斯折服准则朗肯土压力理论剑桥模型yield criteriaVon Mises yield criteria Ranking’s earth pressure theory Cambridge model, Cam-model邓肯-张模型本构方程局部剪切损坏整体剪切损坏Duncan-chang model constitutive equationlocal shear failuregeneral shear failure岩体完好性指数intactness index of rock mass 安全系数埋深试件挠度里氏震级设计烈度基本烈度场所烈度地震烈度优秀周期持力层超载围岩压力附带压力应力废弛应力路迳卸荷浸透率饱和度含水量均匀粒径颗粒颗粒级配级配粒度factor of safetyembedment depthcouponsdeflectionRichter scaledesign intensitybasic intensitysite intensityseismic intensity, intensity scalepredominant periodsustained yieldsurchargesurrounding rock stresssuperimposed stressstress relaxationstress pathunloadspecific permeabilitydegree of saturationmoisture contentmean diametergrain, granule, particledistribution of grain-size,grain composition, size distributiongraduation,grain-size distribution, gradation, gradingcoarseness grain size, granularity, lump 不均匀系数coefficient of non-uniformity,variation coefficient, variation factorgradation, size gradingpore watervoid ratio (ration)air voidsporositycrackitykarstitydensityunit weight, bulk weightbuoyant unit weightreduction factordissipation of pressurecoefficient of resistancesoftening coefficientwater contentconsistencyplastic limitliquid limitplasticity indexliquidity indexrheologicalcreepplasticbrittleness(fragility)sticknessrigidityelasticviso-elasticityelasto-plasticitycompressibilityhomogeneitynonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)isotropyanisotropytotal stress颗粒分级孔隙水孔隙比缝隙率孔隙率裂隙率溶隙率密度重度浮重度折减系数压力消失抗力系数融化系数含水量稠度塑限液限塑性指数液性指数流变蠕变塑性脆性粘性刚性弹性的粘弹性弹塑性压缩性均质性非均质性各向同性各向异性总应力滞水层透水层5有效应力超孔隙水压力孔隙水压力抗压强度抗拉强度抗剪强度不排水抗剪强度峰值抗剪强度长久抗剪强度剩余抗剪强度负磨擦力磨擦角内磨擦角外磨擦角effective stressexcess pore pressurepore water pressurecompressive strengthtensile strengthshear strengthundrained shear strenghtpeak share strengthlong-term shear strengthresidual shear strengthnegative skin friction, dragdown angle of frictionangle of internal frictionangle of external friction内聚力粘聚力假凝集力粘着力摩尔圆包络线住手角峰值模量弹性模量压缩模量变形模量卸荷模量切线模量剪切模量割线模量旁压模量泊松比固结固结系数固结度超固结比应变压缩比压缩系数压缩指数初始曲线正常固结土欠固结土超固结土被动土压力主动土压力静止土压力覆盖压力初始应力地应力场有效应力动应力动荷载偏爱荷载循环荷载地应力初始应力应力场纵波液化势液化指数交角cohesioncohesionpseudo-cohesionadhesionMohr’s circleenvelopeangle of repose,angle of friction(repose, rest), repose anglepeakmodulusmodulus of elasticity ，Young ’ s modulus, elastic modulusmodulus of compressibilitymodulus of deformationunloading modulustangent modulusshear modulussecant moduluspressurmeter moduluspoisson ’s rationconsolidationcoefficient of consolidationdegree of consolidationover consolidation rationstraincompressibility ratiocoefficient of compressibilitycompression indexvirgin curvenormally consolidated soilunder-consolidated soilover-consolidated soilpassive earth pressureactive earth pressureearth pressure at restoverburden pressureinitial stressground(geostatic) stress fieldeffective stressdynamic stressdynamic loadeccentric loadsinclined loadsground stress, geostatic stressinitial stressstress fieldlongitudinal waveliquefaction potentialliquefaction indexangular岩石抗力系数允许承载力临塑压力接触压力coefficient of rock resistanceallowable bearing capacitycritical pressurecontact pressure6 工程地责问题工程地责问题定性评论定量评论极限均衡法不良地质现象风化变形位移engineering geological problemqualitative estimatequantitative estimatelimit equilibrium methodunfavorable geological conditionweatheringdeformationdisplacement不均匀位移相对位移沉陷山崩崩塌滑坡、地滑切层滑坡深层滑坡浅层滑坡顺层滑坡滑动面differential movementrelative displacementsettlementavalanche, topplingtoppling, toppling collapsecreep, slideinsequent landslidedeep slideshallow slideconsequent landslide滑动带滑床滑坡体古滑坡sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surfacesliding zoneslide bedslide(sliding) massfossil landslide推移式滑坡牵引式滑坡管涌渗漏流砂渗流液化7 工程勘探slumping slideretrogressive slidepiping, internal erosionleakagequicksandseepageliquefactionengineering investigation工程地质勘探engineering geology investigation岩土工程勘探geotechnical investigation工程地质条件engineering geological condition工程地质评论engineering geological evaluation勘察survey岩芯采用率core recovery, core extraction岩芯获取率RQD (岩石质量指标) rock quality designation程序(步骤)勘探阶段选点踏勘初步设计初步规划初步勘探初步踏勘可行性研究阶段初步设计阶段施工阶段踏勘地质测绘工程地质测绘钻探物探洞探钎探procedureinvestigational stagereconnaissanceprimary designpreliminary schemepreliminary prospectingground reconnaissancefeasibility stagepreliminary stageconstruction sagereconnaissance, inspectiongeological surveyengineering geological mappingborehole operation, boringgeophysical explorationexploratory aditsrod sounding钻杆drill rod坑探槽探天然建材检查exploring miningtrenchingnatural materials surveying (examination)岩土工程勘探报告geotechnical investigation report 判定identification, appraisal判定书判定人校核总监比率地形图地貌图地质图expertise report identifier, surveyorverificationchief inspectorproportion geographic map geomorphological map geological map工程地质图engineering geological map 实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile(section)结构地质图geological structure map第四纪地质图地质详图quarternary geological map detail map of geology地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log 钻孔柱状图logs of bore hole纵剖面图横剖面图展现图节理玫瑰图基岩等高线层底等高线岩层界限岩面高程坐标分层地质点勘探点勘探线勘探孔平洞竖井探槽探井钻孔机钻孔套钻孔管钻孔岩芯岩芯钻探展转钻探(进) 冲击钻探钢砂钻探铁砂钻进跟管钻进振动钻进泥浆钻探金刚石钻进单动式双层空气钻探钻机钻头螺旋钻头勺钻longitudinal sectioncross sectionreveal detail maprose of jointsbed rock contourcontour of stratum bottomstrata boundaryelevation of bed rock surfacecoordinatebed separationgeological observation point exploratory point (spot)exploratory lineexploration holeaditriser, shaft, vertical shaftexploratory trenchexploratory pitborehole, drill holeordinary drill holesleeve drill holepipe drill holecorecore drillingrotary drillingchurn drilling, percussion drillingshot drillingiron shot drillingfollow-down drillingvibro-boring, vibro-drillingmud flush drillingdiamond drillingsingle actingdouble layerair flush drillingdrilling rigdrill bit, drilling bitaugerspoon bit套管岩芯管冲刷掖正循环冲刷反循环冲刷泥浆泥皮护壁止水扫孔钻进平硐竖井钻探casingcore barrelflush fluiddirect circulation reverse circulationmud, slurrymud cakedadoseal, water sealcleaning bottom of hole drillingaditshaftdrilling boring8 工程地质试验击实试验压缩试验固结试验单轴试验现场剪切试验单剪试验直剪试验慢剪试验单剪试验快剪试验三轴剪切试验三轴压缩试验动三轴试验compaction testcompression testconsolidation test uniaxial compression test in-situ shear testsimple shear testdirect shear testslow testsimple shear testquick testtriaxial shear test triaxial compression test dynamic triaxial test不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidated undrained test(quick test)6固结不排水剪试验consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test)固结排水试验原位测试现场监测现场检测观察孔静力触探试验标贯试验consolidated drained test(slow test)in-situ teston-site(in-site) monitoringon-site (in-site) inspectionobservation boreholecone penetration test,static penetration test, static cone teststandard penetration test十字板剪切试验vane shear test, vane test检层法up-hole method, borehole method旁压试验pressuremeter test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding 点荷载试验岩石试验应力排除法应力恢复法套孔法9 岩土体加固掌子面顶拱底拱洞室开挖超挖风钻开挖断面塌落细骨料混凝土细骨料point load testrock teststress relief methodstress recovery methodover-coring methodbreast, driving face,heading face, tunnel facevaultinvertexcavationoverbreakpneumatic drillexcavated sectionslumpconcrete made with fine aggregatefine aggregate, fine adjustment 6料场土料矿渣性能stock groundearth materialcinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag function, performance, property, nature凝固coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation合格初凝初凝时间终凝配合比塌落度水化热水灰比粉煤灰梅花状发射浇注钢筋网加固锚杆锚索锚紧端锚桩采石场开挖清基明挖爆破光面爆破预裂法10 水工概论坝址坝踵坝段坝顶坝肩左坝肩副坝三坝址标高上游水位正常库水位地下洞室压力隧洞无压隧洞交通洞灌浆洞明流洞孔板洞排砂洞尾水洞排水洞导流洞地道围岩围岩应力应力集中覆盖层冒顶底鼓回弹岩爆qualified, on test, up to standardinitial setinitial setting timefinal setmix proportionslumpheat of hydration,hydration heat, setting heatwater-cement ratiofly ashquincuncial patternshotcretepouringcoiremeshreinforceanchored bar, rock boltanchored cableanchor stationanchored pegquarryexcavationcleanup foundationopen-cutexplosionsmooth blastingpresplittingtoe of damheelmonolithcrestshouldersleft dam abutmentsaddle damthe third dam siteheight markheadwaternormal reservoir levelunderground opening (tunnel)pressure tunnelgravity tunnelaccess tunnelgrouting tunnelfree-flow tunnelorifice tunnelsediment tunneltailrace tunneldrainage tunneldiversion tunneltunnelsurrounding rock, ambient rocksecondary stress staticstress concentrateover burdencave in, roof fallbottom heavereboundrock burst冻结法超载衬砌围堰堤近坝岸坡施工(缩短)缝心墙freezing methodover breakliningcofferdamdikeabutmentsconstruction jointcore截水墙防渗墙排水井排水幕减压井反滤层灌浆资料水力劈裂帷幔线上游围堰混凝土防渗墙截流导水墙cutoff walldiaphragm walldrainage wellsdrainage curtainrelief wellsfilter zonegrouthydraulic fracturingcurtain lineupstream cofferdamconcrete cutoff wallinterim completionchannel training wall正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork消力塘隔墙混凝土护坦副厂房闸门室中闸室开关站电梯井尾沟渠特殊溢洪道lined plunge pooldivider wallsconcrete apronauxiliary powergate chambermid gate chamberswitch yardelevator shafttail raceemergency spillway11 桥梁及基础工程江阴大桥悬索桥锚碇重力式嵌岩锚Jiangyin Bridgesuspension bridgeanchoragegravity socketed anchorage北锚碇前(后)锚面front(back) surface of northern anchorage塔墩墩散索鞍猫道主缆索股主鞍主跨边跨引桥钢箱梁埋深北塔墩基础基础浅基础深基础联合基础筏形基础钢模桩基桩群桩桩基础桩承台towerpiersplay saddlefootbridgemain cablecable strandmain saddle, tower saddlemain spanside spanapproachsteel box main girderembedment depthnorth tower basefoundation, footingshallow foundationdeep foundationcombined footingraft(mat) foundationsteel formpilefoundation pilepile groupsfoundationpile caphouserockpile高桩承台低桩承台磨擦桩端承桩嵌岩桩板桩旋喷桩灌输桩沉管灌输桩支护桩刚性桩柔性桩侧向受荷桩轴向受荷桩预制桩振动打桩振动钻进沉箱沉井(沉箱) 地下连续墙支撑超载接触应力井点降水桩极限承载力承载力阻力桩端阻力表面磨擦力粘着系数负磨擦力安全系数压缩层附带应力持力层地基土临塑压力剪切损坏地基无效冲剪损坏渐进损坏允许荷载极限承载力沉降沉降差尾部倾斜倾斜坑底隆起静止土压力稳固数路堤地基办理垫层加固注浆灌浆帷幕挡土墙锚固喷浆锚杆盲沟振冲法high-rise pile capburied pile capfriction pileend bearing pilesocketed pilesheet pilejet-grouted pilecast-in-place piledriven cast-in-place pilesoldier piles, tangent pilesrigid pileflexible pilelaterally loaded pileaxially loaded pileprecast concrete pilevibratory pile drivingvibratory drillingcaisson(open) caissondiaphragm wall, slurry wallbracingsurchargecontact pressurewell-point dewateringultimate bearing capacity of pilebearing capacityresistanceend resistanceskin frictionadhesion factornegative skin frictionfactor of safetycompressed layeradditional stress, superimposed stressbearing layer, sustaining layerfoundation soil, subsoilcritical pressureshear failurefoundation failurepunching failureprogressive failureallowable loadultimate bearing capacitysettlementdifferential settlementangular distortiontiltingbottom heaveearth pressure at reststability numberembankmentground treatment soil improvementcushionstabilizationinjectiongunitingcurtainretaining wallanchoringgunitingearth anchorFrench drainvibro jet12 监测仪器观察孔仪器观察读数装置传感器探头压力盒振弦式应变计伸长计、变位计板式沉降仪测斜仪测压计，渗压计垂线垂直度13 安全监控靠谱性检查监控模型监测资料靠谱性稳固性安全评估评定评论准则灾祸确立性方法论应急行动计划事故紧迫状态紧迫检查灾情等级灾祸评论风险评估observation bore/holeinstrumentationreadout devicetransducerprobepressure cellvibrating wire strain gaugeextension meterfoundation base/pateinclinometerpiezometerplumbplumbnessreliability checkingmonitoring and prediction modelmonitoringdatum, datareliabilitystabilitysafetyevaluation, appraiseassessment, assess, ratecriterionhazard, calamityDeterministic methodologyEAP(emergency action plan)accidentemergencyemergency inspectionhazard classificationhazard evaluationrisk assessment静力( Static Analysis )动力( Dynamic Analysis )蠕变( Creep Material Model )渗流( Fluid-mechanical Interaction )热力学( Thermal Option )headward erosion 溯源侵害scouring of levee or bank 淘刷strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellarweakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellarof continually aftershocks of 7 or 8-degree intensityEvidently 显然的Correspondingly adv. 相应地; 有关地; 同样地the hanging wall of triggering seismic faultoblique~bedding bank slope专业外语(为方便记忆,跟上边稍有重复)一．综合类91. geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2. foundation engineering 基础工程3. soil, earth 土4. soil mechanics 土力学cyclic loading 周期荷载 unloading 卸载 reloading 再加载viscoelastic found 粘弹性地基viscous damping 粘滞阻尼 shear modulus 剪切模量5. soil dynamics 土动力学6. stress path 应力路径二． 土的分类1. residual soil 残积土 groundwater level地下水位2. groundwater 地下水groundwatertable 地下水位3. clay minerals 黏土矿物4. secondary minerals 次生矿物5. landslides 滑坡6. bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7. engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘探 8. boulder 漂石 9. cobble 卵石 10. gravel 砂石11. gravelly sand 砾砂 12. coarse sand 粗砂 13. medium sand 中砂 14. fine sand 细砂 15. silty sand 粉土 16. clayey soil 粘性土 17. clay 黏土18. silty clay 粉质黏土 19. silt 粉土20. sandy silt 砂质粉土 21. clayey silt 粘质粉土 22. saturated soil 饱和土23. unsaturated soil 非饱和土24. fill (soil) 填土三． 土的基本物理力学性质1. c c Compression index2. c u undrained shear strength3. c u /p 0 ratio of undrained strength c u to effectiveoverburden stress p 0(c u /p 0)NC ,(c u /p 0)oc subscripts NC and OC designatednormally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4. c vane cohesive strength from vane test5. e 0 natural void ratio plasticity index6. Ip7. K 0 coefficient“ at-rest ” pressure ,for total stresses σ 1and σ 28. K 0 ’ do main for effective stresses σ 1‘an 2 ’9. K 0n K 0 for normally consolidatedstate10. K 0u K 0 coefficient under rapidcontinuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11. K 0d K 0 coefficient under cyclicloading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a1. soft soil 软土2. (negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩(负)摩阻力3. effective stress 有效应力 total stress 总应力4. field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度5. low activity 低活性6. sensitivity 敏捷度7. triaxial test 三轴试验8. foundation design 基础设计 9. recompaction 再压缩 10. bearing capacity 承载力 11. soil mass 土体12. contact pressure 接触应力 13. concentrated load 集中荷载14. a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无穷弹性体 15. homogeneous 均质 16. isotropic 各向同性 17o.f strip footing 条基18. square spread footing 方形独立基础19. underlying soil (stratum ,strata) 下卧层(土) 20. dead load =sustained load 恒载 连续荷载 21. live load 活载22. short –term transient load 短期刹时荷载 23. long-term transient load 长久荷载 24. reduced load 折算荷载25. settlement 沉降 deformation 变形 26. casing 套管27. dike=dyke 堤(防) 28. clay fraction 粘粒粒组四． 浸透性和渗流1. Darcy ’ s law 达西定律2. piping 管涌3. flowing soil 流土4. sand boiling 砂沸5. flow net 流网6. seepage 浸透(流)7. leakage 渗流8. seepage (force) pressure 浸透压力 9. permeability 浸透性10. hydraulic gradient 水力梯度11. coefficient of permeability 浸透系数u h19. U,U m degree ofconsolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20. u ,u b ,u m pore pressure, subscripts b and mdenote bottom of specimen and mean value, 21. respectively natural water content, liquid and13. N blow count ,standard penetrationtest14. OCR over-consolidation ratio15. p c preconsolidation pressure ,from 16. oedemeter test effective overburden pressure17. p s specific cone penetration 18. resistance ,from static cone testq unconfined compressive strengt0 L p22. plastic limits, respectively ‘and σ ’pseudo-dynamic test for K 0 coefficientk k permeability in horizontalσ ,σ principal stresses, σ1 2 1 2denote effective principal stressesh , vvertical directions, respectively五．地基应力和变形w w wand12.p。
地质工程专业英语
1地形地貌geographic and geomorphic工程地质条件engineering geological conditions地形地貌条件geographic and geomorphic conditions地形land form地貌geomorphology, relief微地貌microrelief地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit坡度grade地形图relief map河谷river valley河道river course河床river bed(channel)冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)阶地terrace冲积平原alluvial plain三角洲delta古河道fossil river course, fossil stream channel冲积扇alluvial fan洪积扇diluvial fan坡积裙talus apron分水岭divide盆地basin岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform溶洞solution cave, karst cave落水洞sinkhole土洞Karstic earth cave2地层岩性地层geostrome (stratum, strata)岩性lithologic character, rock property岩体rock mass岩层bed stratum岩层layer, rock stratum母岩matrix, parent rock 相变facies change硬质岩strong rock, film软质岩weak rock硬质的competent软质的incompetent基岩bedrock岩组petrofabric覆盖层overburden交错层理cross bedding层面bedding plane片理schistosity层理bedding板理（叶理）foliation波痕ripple-mark泥痕mud crack雨痕raindrop imprints造岩矿物rock-forming minerals 粘土矿物clay mineral高岭土kaolinite蒙脱石montmorillonite伊利石illite云母mica白云母muscovite黑云母biotite石英quartz长石feldspar正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene, picrite角闪石hornblende方解石calcite构造structure结构texture组构fabric(tissue)矿物组成mineral composition 结晶质crystalline非晶质amorphous产状attitude火成岩igneous岩浆岩magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山volcano侵入岩intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩effusive rock深成岩plutonic rock浅成岩pypabysal rock酸性岩acid rock中性岩inter-mediate rock基性岩basic rock超基性岩ultrabasic rock岩基rock base (batholith)岩脉（墙）dike岩株rock stock岩流rock flow岩盖rock laccolith (laccolite)岩盆rock lopolith岩墙rock dike岩床rock sill岩脉vein dyke花岗岩granite斑岩porphyry玢岩porphyrite流纹岩rhyolite正长岩syenite粗面岩trachyte闪长岩diorite安山岩andesite辉长岩gabbro玄武岩basalt细晶岩aplite伟晶岩pegmatite煌斑岩lamprophyre辉绿岩diabase橄榄岩dunite 黑曜岩obsidian浮岩pumice火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩tuff沉积岩sedimentary rock碎屑岩clastic rock粘土岩clay rock粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone化学岩chemical rock生物岩biolith砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia砂岩sandstone石英砂岩quartz sandstone粉砂岩siltstone钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone 泥岩mudstone页岩shale盐岩saline石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite泥灰岩marl泥钙岩argillo-calcareous泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous 砂质arenaceous泥质argillaceous硅质的siliceous有机质organic matter粗粒coarse grain中粒medium-grained沉积物sediment (deposit)漂石、顽石boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay粘粒clay grain砂质粘土sandy clay粘质砂土clayey sand壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)黄土loess红土laterite泥灰peat软泥ooze淤泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay 冲积物（层）alluvion冲积的alluvial洪积物（层）proluvium, diluvium, diluvion洪积的diluvial坡积物（层）d eluvium残积物（层）e luvium残积的eluvial风积物（层）e olian deposits湖积物（层）l ake deposits海积物（层）m arine deposits冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium残积粘土residual clay变质岩metamorphic rock板岩slate千枚岩phyllite片岩schist片麻岩gneiss石英岩quartzite大理岩marble糜棱岩mylonite混合岩migmatite碎裂岩cataclasite3地质构造地质构造geologic structure 结构构造structural texture大地构造geotectonic构造运动tectogenesis造山运动orogeny升降运动vertical movement水平运动horizontal movement完整性perfection(integrity)起伏度waviness尺寸效应size effect围压效应confining pressure effect产状要素elements of attitude产状attitude, orientation走向strike倾向dip倾角dip angle, angle of dip褶皱fold褶曲fold单斜monocline向斜syncline背斜anticline穹隆dome挤压squeeze上盘upper section下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall 断距separation相交intersect断层fault正断层normal fault逆断层reversed fault平移断层parallel fault层理bedding, stratification微层理light stratification地堑graben地垒horst, fault ridge断层泥gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge 擦痕stria, striation断裂fracture破碎带fracture zone节理joint节理组joint set裂隙fissure, crack微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure劈理cleavage原生裂隙original joint次生裂隙epigenetic joint张裂隙tension joint剪裂隙shear joint卸荷裂隙relief crack裂隙率fracture porosity结构类型structural pattern岩体结构rock mass structure岩块block mass结构体structural element块度blockness结构面structural plane软弱结构面weak plane临空面free face碎裂结构cataclastic texture板状结构platy structure薄板状lamellose块状的lumpy, massive层状的laminated巨厚层giant thick-laminated薄层状的finely laminated软弱夹层weak intercalated layer夹层inter bedding,intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer 夹泥层clayey intercalation夹泥inter-clay连通性connectivity切层insequent影响带affecting zone完整性integrity n.Integrate v. & a.degree of integrality破碎crumble胶结cement泥化argillization尖灭taper-out错动diastrophism错动层面faulted bedding plane断续的intermittent破碎crumble共轭节理conjugated joint散状loose透镜状的lens-shaped a.岩石碎片crag岩屑cuttings, debris薄膜membrane, film层理stratification高角度high dip angle缓倾角low dip angle反倾anti-dip互层interbed v.Interbedding n.起伏的unplanar波状起伏的undulate, undulating粒径particle size构造层tectonosphere挤压compression均一的homogeneous剪切错动面shear faulted, bedding zone 切割dissection切割的dissected致密close, compact构造岩tectonite糜棱岩mylonite断层角砾岩fault breccia方解石脉calcite vein碎块岩clastic rock角砾breccia岩粉rock powder岩屑debris, debry固结consolidation定向排列oriented spread构造应力tectonic stress残余应力residual stress4水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions水文循环hydrologic cycle大气圈atmosphere水圈hydrosphere岩石圈geosphere地表径流surface runoff地下径流subsurface runoff流域valley, drainage basin流域面积drainage area, river basin area汇水面积catchment area地下水ground water, subsurface water 地表水surface water大气水atmospheric water气态水aqueous (vapour) water液态水liquid water固态水solid water上层滞水perched water潜水phreatic water承压水confined water吸着水hygroscopic (adsorptive) water介质medium空隙void孔隙水压力pore water pressure渗透压力osmotic pressure, seepage force 扬压力uplift pressure静水压力hydrostatic pressure外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure动水压力hydrodynamic pressure渗透力seepage pressure外水压力external water pressure内水压力internal water pressure 水力联系hydraulic interrelation水力折减系数hydraulic reduction coefficient水头损失water head loss渗透途径filtration path, seepage path渗透系数penetration coefficient潜水位water table level水位water level, stage level水头water head含水层aquifer弱含水层（弱透水层）aquitard滞水层aquiclude透水层permeable layer, pervious layer不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge, impervious layer,impermeable layer, aquiclude 潜水含水层phreatic aquifer承压含水层confined aquifer, artesian aquifer 承压面bearing surface潜水面phreatic surface, water table浸润线phreatic curve不透水边界impervious boundary地下分水岭groundwater ridge粘滞性viscosity富水性abundance透水性（渗透性）permeability淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation, leaching反滤层inverted gravel filter水锈incrustation渗滴seep饱和saturation, saturated潜水位变化带zone of variable phreatic level气象因素meteorological factor饱水带zone of saturation包气带aeration zone, zone of aeration包气带水aeration zone water上层滞水perched water孔隙水pore water裂隙水fissure water岩溶水karstic water结合水bound water, combined water吸着水hydroscopic water薄膜水pellicular water毛细水capillary water重力水gravitational water凝结水condensation water地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence地下水埋藏深度depth of groundwater occurrence压水试验packer permeability test抽水试验pumping test5物理力学性质物理力学physical mechanics n.Physico-mechanical a.屈服准则yield criteria米赛斯屈服准则Von Mises yield criteria朗肯土压力理论Ran king’s earth pressure theory剑桥模型Cambridge model, Cam-model邓肯-张模型Duncan-chang model本构方程constitutive equation局部剪切破坏l ocal shear failure整体剪切破坏g eneral shear failure岩体完整性指数intactness index of rock mass安全系数factor of safety埋深embedment depth试件coupons挠度deflection里氏震级Richter scale设计烈度design intensity基本烈度basic intensity场地烈度site intensity地震烈度seismic intensity, intensity scale卓越周期predominant period持力层sustained yield超载surcharge围岩压力surrounding rock stress附加压力superimposed stress应力松弛stress relaxation应力路迳stress path卸荷unload渗透率specific permeability饱和度degree of saturation含水量moisture content平均粒径mean diameter颗粒grain, granule, particle颗粒级配distribution of grain-size,grain composition, size distribution级配graduation,grain-size distribution, gradation, grading 粒度coarseness grain size, granularity, lump不均匀系数coefficient of non-uniformity,variation coefficient, variation factor颗粒分级gradation, size grading孔隙水pore water孔隙比void ratio (ration)空隙率air voids孔隙率porosity裂隙率crackity溶隙率karstity密度density重度unit weight, bulk weight浮重度buoyant unit weight折减系数reduction factor压力消散dissipation of pressure抗力系数coefficient of resistance软化系数softening coefficient含水量water content稠度consistency塑限plastic limit液限liquid limit塑性指数plasticity index液性指数liquidity index流变rheological蠕变creep塑性plastic脆性brittleness(fragility)粘性stickness刚性rigidity弹性的elastic粘弹性viso-elasticity弹塑性elasto-plasticity压缩性compressibility均质性homogeneity非均质性nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)各向同性isotropy各向异性anisotropy总应力total stress有效应力effective stress超孔隙水压力excess pore pressure孔隙水压力pore water pressure抗压强度compressive strength抗拉强度tensile strength抗剪强度shear strength不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strenght峰值抗剪强度p eak share strength长期抗剪强度l ong-term shear strength残余抗剪强度r esidual shear strength负摩擦力negative skin friction, dragdown摩擦角angle of friction内摩擦角angle of internal friction外摩擦角angle of external friction内聚力cohesion粘聚力cohesion假凝聚力pseudo-cohesion粘着力adhesion摩尔圆Mohr’s circle包络线envelope休止角angle of repose,angle of friction(repose, rest), repose angle峰值peak模量modulus弹性模量modulus of elasticity，Young’s modulus, elastic modulus 压缩模量modulus of compressibility变形模量modulus of deformation卸荷模量unloading modulus切线模量tangent modulus剪切模量shear modulus割线模量secant modulus旁压模量pressurmeter modulus泊松比poisson’s ration固结consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结度degree of consolidation超固结比over consolidation ration应变strain压缩比compressibility ratio压缩系数coefficient of compressibility压缩指数compression index初始曲线virgin curve正常固结土normally consolidated soil欠固结土under-consolidated soil超固结土over-consolidated soil被动土压力passive earth pressure主动土压力active earth pressure静止土压力earth pressure at rest覆盖压力overburden pressure初始应力initial stress地应力场ground(geostatic) stress field有效应力effective stress动应力dynamic stress动荷载dynamic load偏心荷载eccentric loads循环荷载inclined loads地应力ground stress, geostatic stress初始应力initial stress应力场stress field纵波longitudinal wave液化势liquefaction potential液化指数liquefaction index交角angular岩石抗力系数c oefficient of rock resistance容许承载力allowable bearing capacity临塑压力critical pressure接触压力contact pressure6工程地质问题工程地质问题engineering geological problem 定性评价qualitative estimate定量评价quantitative estimate极限平衡法limit equilibrium method不良地质现象unfavorable geological condition 风化weathering变形deformation位移displacement不均匀位移differential movement相对位移relative displacement沉陷settlement山崩avalanche, toppling崩塌toppling, toppling collapse滑坡、地滑creep, slide切层滑坡insequent landslide深层滑坡deep slide浅层滑坡shallow slide顺层滑坡consequent landslide滑动面sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface 滑动带sliding zone滑床slide bed滑坡体slide(sliding) mass古滑坡fossil landslide推移式滑坡slumping slide牵引式滑坡retrogressive slide管涌piping, internal erosion渗漏leakage流砂quicksand渗流seepage液化liquefaction7工程勘察engineering investigation工程地质勘察e ngineering geology investigation岩土工程勘察g eotechnical investigation工程地质条件e ngineering geological condition工程地质评价e ngineering geological evaluation勘测survey岩芯采取率core recovery, core extraction岩芯获得率RQD（岩石质量指标）rock quality designation程序（步骤）p rocedure勘察阶段investigational stage选点踏勘reconnaissance初步设计primary design初步规划preliminary scheme初步勘探preliminary prospecting初步踏勘ground reconnaissance可行性研究阶段feasibility stage初步设计阶段p reliminary stage施工阶段construction sage踏勘reconnaissance, inspection地质测绘geological survey工程地质测绘e ngineering geological mapping钻探borehole operation, boring物探geophysical exploration洞探exploratory adits钎探rod sounding坑探exploring mining槽探trenching天然建材调查natural materials surveying (examination)岩土工程勘察报告geotechnical investigationreport鉴定identification, appraisal鉴定书expertise report鉴定人identifier, surveyor校核verification总监chief inspector比例proportion地形图geographic map地貌图geomorphological map地质图geological map工程地质图engineering geological map实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile(section)构造地质图geological structure map第四纪地质图quarternary geological map地质详图detail map of geology地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log钻孔柱状图logs of bore hole纵剖面图longitudinal section横剖面图cross section展示图reveal detail map节理玫瑰图rose of joints基岩等高线bed rock contour层底等高线contour of stratum bottom岩层界线strata boundary岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface坐标coordinate分层bed separation地质点geological observation point勘探点exploratory point (spot)勘探线exploratory line勘探孔exploration hole平洞adit竖井riser, shaft, vertical shaft探槽exploratory trench探井exploratory pit钻孔borehole, drill hole机钻孔ordinary drill hole套钻孔sleeve drill hole管钻孔pipe drill hole岩芯core岩芯钻探core drilling回转钻探（进）rotary drilling冲击钻探churn drilling, percussion drilling 钢砂钻探shot drilling铁砂钻进iron shot drilling跟管钻进follow-down drilling振动钻进vibro-boring, vibro-drilling泥浆钻探mud flush drilling金刚石钻进diamond drilling单动式single acting双层double layer空气钻探air flush drilling钻机drilling rig钻头drill bit, drilling bit螺旋钻头auger勺钻spoon bit冲击钻头percussion bit, chopping bit桶式钻头bucket auger钻杆drill rod套管casing岩芯管core barrel冲洗掖flush fluid正循环冲洗direct circulation反循环冲洗reverse circulation泥浆mud, slurry泥皮mud cake护壁dado止水seal, water seal扫孔cleaning bottom of hole钻进drilling平硐adit竖井shaft钻探drilling boring8工程地质试验击实试验compaction test压缩试验compression test固结试验consolidation test单轴试验uniaxial compression test现场剪切试验in-situ shear test单剪试验simple shear test直剪试验direct shear test慢剪试验slow test单剪试验simple shear test快剪试验quick test三轴剪切试验triaxial shear test三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test动三轴试验dynamic triaxial test不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidated undrained test(quick test) 固结不排水剪试验consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test)固结排水试验consolidated drained test(slow test)原位测试in-situ test现场监测on-site(in-site) monitoring现场检测on-site (in-site) inspection观测孔observation borehole静力触探试验cone penetration test,static penetration test, static cone test标贯试验standard penetration test十字板剪切试验vane shear test, vane test检层法up-hole method, borehole method旁压试验pressuremeter test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding点荷载试验point load test岩石试验rock test应力解除法stress relief method应力恢复法stress recovery method套孔法over-coring method9岩土体加固掌子面breast, driving face,heading face, tunnel face顶拱vault底拱invert洞室开挖excavation超挖overbreak风钻pneumatic drill开挖断面excavated section塌落slump细骨料混凝土c oncrete made with fine aggregate细骨料fine aggregate, fine adjustment料场stock ground土料earth material矿渣cinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag性能function, performance, property, nature凝结coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation合格qualified, on test, up to standard初凝initial set初凝时间initial setting time终凝final set配合比mix proportion塌落度slump水化热heat of hydration,hydration heat, setting heat水灰比water-cement ratio粉煤灰fly ash梅花状quincuncial pattern喷射shotcrete浇注pouring钢筋网coiremesh加固reinforce锚杆anchored bar, rock bolt锚索anchored cable锚紧端anchor station锚桩anchored peg采石场rock quarry开挖excavation清基cleanup foundation明挖open-cut爆破explosion光面爆破smooth blasting预裂法 presplitting10 水工概论坝址toe of dam坝踵heel坝段monolith坝顶crest坝肩shoulders左坝肩left dam abutment副坝saddle dam三坝址the third dam site标高height mark上游水位headwater正常库水位normal reservoir level地下洞室underground opening (tunnel)压力隧洞pressure tunnel无压隧洞gravity tunnel交通洞access tunnel灌浆洞grouting tunnel明流洞free-flow tunnel孔板洞orifice tunnel排砂洞sediment tunnel尾水洞tailrace tunnel排水洞drainage tunnel导流洞diversion tunnel隧道tunnel围岩surrounding rock, ambient rock 围岩应力secondary stress static应力集中stress concentrate覆盖层over burden冒顶cave in, roof fall底鼓bottom heave回弹rebound岩爆rock burst冻结法freezing method超载over break衬砌lining围堰cofferdam堤dike近坝岸坡abutments施工（收缩）缝construction joint心墙core截水墙cutoff wall防渗墙diaphragm wall排水井drainage wells排水幕drainage curtain减压井relief wells反滤层filter zone灌浆材料grout水力劈裂hydraulic fracturing帷幔线curtain line上游围堰upstream cofferdam混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall截流interim completion导水墙channel training wall正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork 消力塘lined plunge pool隔墙divider walls混凝土护坦concrete apron副厂房auxiliary power house闸门室gate chamber中闸室mid gate chamber开关站switch yard电梯井elevator shaft尾水渠tail race非常溢洪道emergency spillway11桥梁及基础工程江阴大桥Jiangyin Bridge悬索桥suspension bridge锚碇anchorage重力式嵌岩锚gravity socketed anchorage北锚碇前（后）锚面front(back) surface of northern anchorage 塔墩tower墩pier散索鞍splay saddle猫道footbridge主缆main cable索股cable strand主鞍main saddle, tower saddle主跨main span边跨side span引桥approach钢箱梁steel box main girder埋深embedment depth北塔墩基础north tower base基础foundation, footing浅基础shallow foundation深基础deep foundation联合基础combined footing筏形基础raft(mat) foundation钢模steel form桩pile基桩foundation pile群桩pile groups桩基础pile foundation桩承台pile cap高桩承台high-rise pile cap低桩承台buried pile cap摩擦桩friction pile端承桩end bearing pile嵌岩桩socketed pile板桩sheet pile旋喷桩jet-grouted pile灌注桩cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩driven cast-in-place pile支护桩soldier piles, tangent piles刚性桩rigid pile柔性桩flexible pile侧向受荷桩laterally loaded pile轴向受荷桩axially loaded pile预制桩precast concrete pile振动打桩vibratory pile driving振动钻进vibratory drilling沉箱caisson沉井（沉箱）(open) caisson地下连续墙diaphragm wall, slurry wall支撑bracing超载surcharge接触应力contact pressure井点降水well-point dewatering桩极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of pile承载力bearing capacity阻力resistance桩端阻力end resistance表面摩擦力skin friction粘着系数adhesion factor负摩擦力negative skin friction安全系数factor of safety压缩层compressed layer附加应力additional stress, superimposed stress持力层bearing layer, sustaining layer地基土foundation soil, subsoil临塑压力critical pressure剪切破坏shear failure地基失效foundation failure冲剪破坏punching failure渐进破坏progressive failure容许荷载allowable load极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity沉降settlement沉降差differential settlement尾部倾斜angular distortion倾斜tilting坑底隆起bottom heave静止土压力earth pressure at rest稳定数stability number路堤embankment地基处理ground treatment soil improvement垫层cushion加固stabilization注浆injection灌浆guniting帷幕curtain挡土墙retaining wall锚固anchoring喷浆guniting锚杆earth anchor盲沟French drain振冲法vibro jet12监测仪器观测孔observation bore/hole仪器观测instrumentation读数装置readout device传感器transducer探头probe压力盒pressure cell振弦式应变计vibrating wire strain gauge伸长计、变位计extension meter板式沉降仪foundation base/pate测斜仪inclinometer测压计，渗压计piezometer垂线plumb垂直度plumbness13安全监控可靠性检查reliability checking监控模型monitoring and prediction model监测monitoring资料datum, data可靠性reliability稳定性stability安全safety评估evaluation, appraise评定assessment, assess, rate评价准则criterion灾害hazard, calamity确定性方法论Deterministic methodology应急行动计划EAP(emergency action plan)事故accident紧急状态emergency紧急检查emergency inspection灾情等级hazard classification灾害评价hazard evaluation风险评估risk assessment静力（Static Analysis）动力（Dynamic Analysis）蠕变（Creep Material Model）渗流（Fluid-mechanical Interaction）热力学（Thermal Option）headward erosion溯源侵蚀scouring of levee or bank淘刷strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellarweakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellarof continually aftershocks of 7 or 8-degree intensityEvidently 明显的Correspondingly adv.相应地; 相关地; 相同地the hanging wall of triggering seismic faultoblique~bedding bank slope 饱食终日，无所用心，难矣哉。
(完整word版)地质专业英语
1我们研究地区位于距离重庆市大约60公里的一个叫做小张村的地方Our study area is located in xiaozhang village ，which is about 60 kilometers southwest from the chongqing city 。
2 关于海相中生代地层和火山作用的地址调查早在1959年就曾在该地进行过Geological survey on Mesozoic marine strata and volcanism was conducted as in 1959。
3 在这个地区,除了在小张村北面很小的一片地区侏罗系被白垩系玄武岩大量侵入以外，侏罗纪地层露头几乎是连续的.In this region, Jurassic strata is nearly continuous except that in local place of xiaozhang village the strata was intruded by massive cretaceous basalts .4 2005年夏季，在王教授的率领下,我们在这里进行了为期30天的野外地质工作。
In the summer of 2005, led by prof , wang ,we carried out 30 days"field work 。
5昨天下午我们在教室里成功召开了关于如何组织下一次野外考察的会议。
We successfully held the meeting on how to organize the next field survey yesterday afternoon .1 在所有的沉积层序的野外资料收集到之后，就要解释这些资料。
All field data of sedimentary successions have to be interpreted after collected .2 由于这种研究的目的是判断沉积过程和当时的环境，所以就要运用所有的野外资料来确定层序中的沉积相.Since this study aims decide deposition process and environment , all field data have to be applied to determine the sedimentary facies of the succession 。
地质专业英语
地质专业bismuth glance 辉铋矿bit 钻头bit pressure 钻压bit weight 钻压bitumen 沥青bituminization 沥青化bituminous coal 烟煤bituminous shale 沥青质页岩bitummen ratio 沥青比值black iron ore 磁铁矿black jack 铁闪锌矿black lead 石墨blast furnace 高炉blasthole 炮眼blasthole drilling 钻炮眼blasting 爆破blasting cap 雷管bleached zone 淋溶带blind fault 隐伏断层blind ore body 盲矿体blind shaft 盲井blind valley 盲谷blind zone 盲区block 滑车block and tackle 滑轮组block caving 分块崩开采法block mountain 断块山block movement 地块运动block structure 块状结构block upwarping 地块隆起blowaut 井喷blowing 井喷bog 沼地bog formation 沼泽化bog iron ore 沼铁矿bog peat 低位泥炭boghead 藻煤boghead coal 藻煤boiling line 钢丝绳bolson 干燥盆地bomb 火山弹bonanza 富矿体bore hole 钻孔bore pit 探井borer 钻工boring 钻进boring bar 钻杆boring bit 钻头boring head 钻头boring machine 钻机boring method 钻井方法boring pump 钻眼用泵boring rod 钻杆boring rod set 钻杆装置boring rope 钻机用的钢丝绳boring stick 土钻boring tube 钻管boring with line 钢绳冲唤钻进boudinage 香肠构造bouguer anomaly 布格异常bouguer gravity anomaly 布格重力异常boundary 边界boundary conditions 边界条件boundary layer 边界层boundary line 界线bourne 间歇河box fold 箱状褶皱brachy fold 短褶皱brachyanticline 短背斜brachysyncline 短向斜branch 枝branch line 支线branch vein 支脉bright coal 光亮型煤broad leaved forest 阔叶林broad leaved tree 阔叶树brown algae 褐藻类brown coal 褐煤brown mud 褐泥bryophyta 苔藓植物bryophytes 苔藓植物bryozoa 苔藓动物类bulk flotation 全浮选bulk sampling 大块取样burgy 煤粉burial metamorphism 埋藏变质buried karst 埋藏型岩溶butte 孤山cable belt 缆摔带运输机caking ability 粘结度caking coal 粘结煤caking index 粘结指数caking property 粘结性calc alkali granite 钙碱花岗岩calcite 方解石caledonian folding 加里东褶皱caledonian orogeny 加里东造山运动carat 克拉carbargillite 碳质页岩carboapatite 碳酸磷灰石carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbon 碳carbon compound 碳化合物carbonate 碳酸盐carbonate rock 碳酸盐岩carbonate sediments 碳酸盐质沉积carbonatite 碳酸盐岩carbonic period 石炭纪carboniferous 石炭纪的carboniferous period 石炭纪cataclasite 碎裂岩cataclastic 碎裂的catastrophic theory 灾变论catastrophism 灾变论category 类category of reserves 储量级别cavern 岩洞cavern water 溶洞水cavernous 洞穴状的caving 塌落caving line 崩落线cavity filling deposit 洞穴填充矿床cement bond logging 固井测井cement grout 水泥浆cement mortar 水泥砂浆cement seal 水泥封闭cement slurry 水泥浆cement substance 粘合质cement water factor 水灰比cement water ratio 水灰比cementation 胶结cementation borehole 水泥灌浆钻孔cementation zone 胶结带cementing 水泥灌浆cementum 水泥质cenozoic 新生代cenozoic era 新生代central plain 湖心平原central type volcano 中心式火山chain silicates 链硅酸盐chalk 上白垩纪;白垩chamber of ore 矿袋chambered vein 囊状矿脉champion vein 巨矿脉change in type of geosyncline 地槽类型转化channel precipitation 河道沉淀chert 燧石chronolithologic unit 年代地层单位chronologic scale 地质年代表chronology 年代学circum pacific 环太平洋的circum pacific calc alkaline petrographic province 环太平洋钙碱性岩石区civil engineering 土木工程clarain 亮煤clarite 亮煤clarke number 克拉克值clarodurite 微亮暗煤clasolite 碎屑岩cleat 割理clino unconformity 斜交不整合clinometer 地质罗盘closed fault 闭合断层closed fold 闭合褶皱closed joint 闭式节理cluster 群;串coal 煤coal accumulating basin 聚煤盆地coal accumulating palaeostructure 聚煤古构造coal analysis 煤分析coal ash fusion temperature 煤灰熔点coal ball 煤层石球coal basin 煤盆地coal bearing formation 含煤地层coal bearing property 含煤性coal bearing ratio 含煤系数coal carbonization 煤之碳化coal deposits 煤矿床coal diagenesis 煤成岩酌coal district 煤产地coal dressing 选煤coal field 煤田coal field gas 煤田气coal for gasification 气化用煤coal forming period 聚煤期coal forming process 成煤酌coal gas 煤气coal geology 煤炭地质学coal measures 煤系coal metamorphism 煤变质酌coal mine 煤矿coal miner 煤矿工coal mining 采煤coal oil mixture 煤焦油混合物coal petrology 煤岩学coal preserving structure 赋煤构造coal property 煤质coal reserves 煤储量coal seam 煤层coalescing alluvial fan 复合冲积扇coalification 煤化酌coalification jump 煤化酌跃变coalman 煤矿工coaly 含煤的coarse grained texture 粗粒结构coarse sand 粗砂coarsness 粗粒度coastal plain 海滨平原coastal sand dune 海岸沙丘coastal terrace 海岸阶地coastal vegetation 海滨植被coastline 海岸线coating 覆盖层code minier 矿山法则code of stratigraphic nomenclature 地层命名法规coeffcient of volume compressibility 体积压缩系数coefficient 系数coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数coefficient of consolidation 固结系数coefficient of discharge 量系数coefficient of elasticity 弹性系数coefficient of expansion 膨胀系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数coefficient of permeability 渗透系数coefficient of relaxation 松弛系数coefficient of restitution 抗冲系数coefficient of safety 安全系数coefficient of uniformity 均匀系数coefficient of variation 变化系数coefficient of variation of grade 品位变化系数coefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数coeruleite 铜矿coke 焦炭coke button 焦渣coking 焦化coking capacity 结焦性coking coal 炼焦煤coking property 结焦性coking quality 结焦性collapse 崩落collapse basin 塌陷盆地collapse caldera 塌陷破火山口collapse doline 塌陷漏斗collapse lake 塌陷湖colony 群体columnar ore shoot 矿柱columnar section 地层柱状剖面图columnar structure 柱状构造compaction 压缩compaction fold 致密褶皱compensate 补偿compensating method 补偿法compensation 补偿compensation depth 补偿深度compensation point 补偿点compensation water 补偿水compensator 补偿器complex fault 复断层complex fold 复褶皱complex rock 复合岩concentrating mill 选矿厂concentration 浓度concentration gradient 浓度梯度concession 开采权condition of similarity 相似条件conditional equilibrium 条件平衡conditional instability 条件性不稳定性conduit 火山口conformable 整合的conformable contact 整合接触conjugate faults 共轭断层conjugate point 共轭点conjugate shear planes 共轭剪切面conjugate stress 共轭应力conjugated joint 共轭节理contact metamorphic deposit 接触变质矿床contact metamorphic zone 接触变质带contact metamorphism 接触变质contact metasomatism 接触交代contact mineral 接触矿物contact plane 接触面contemporaneous 同时的contemporaneous deformation structure 同生变形构造contemporaneous erosion 同时侵蚀contemporaneous fault 同生断层contemporaneous heterotopic facies 同时异相content 品位content of gas 瓦斯含量continental facies 陆相continental flysch formation 陆相复理式建造continental river 大陆河continental sea 内陆海continental sediment 陆相沉积continental shelf 陆棚continental slope 大陆坡coral 珊瑚core 岩心core analysis 岩心分析core bit 岩心钻头core boring method 取心钻探法core breaker 岩心提取器core drill 岩心钻core drilling 岩心钻进core extractor 岩心提取器core grabber 岩心爪correlation of coal seams 煤层对比correlation of strata 地层对比correlation table 对比表craton 稳定地块cratonization 克拉通化酌cretaceous period 白垩纪crozzling coal 炼焦煤crude oil 原油crust of weathering 风化壳crustal fault 地壳断裂cryptodome 潜圆丘cryptovolcanic structure 潜火山构造cryptozoic eons 隐生宙crystal 晶体cuticle 角质层cuticular 表皮的debris 岩屑debris cone 冲积锥debris soil 岩屑土deep focus earthquake 深源地震deep fold 基底褶曲deep karst channel 深岩溶洞deep sea deposit 深海沉积deep sea drilling 大洋钻探deep sea floor 深海底deep seated weathering 深层风化deep seismic sounding dss 深地震测深deep weathering 深层风化deep well drilling 深孔钻进deep well turbine pump 深钻孔涡轮泵defile 山谷deflation 风蚀deformation 应变deformation band 变形带degasify 脱瓦斯degass 脱瓦斯degree of hardness 硬度delta 三角洲delta deposit 三角洲沉积delta lake 三角洲湖deltaic coast 三角洲海岸dendrochronology 年轮年代学deposit of sedimentary origin 沉积成因矿床deposition factor 沉积因子deposition rate 沉积速度depositional surface 沉积面depositional system 沉积体系desert deposit 沙漠沉积物desert lake 沙漠湖development machine 掘进机development well 确定油田边界的井devonian 泥盆纪devonian period 泥盆纪dewater 排水dewatering 脱水dewatering pump 排水泵diameter of bore 钻孔直径diameter of particles 粒径diamond anvile 金刚石测钻diamond bit 金刚石钻头diamond boring 金刚石钻进diamond drilling 金刚石钻进diamond drilling bit 金刚石钻头discordance 不整合discordant 不整一的discordant age 不整合年龄discordant batholith 不整合岩基discordant bedding 不整合层理discordant injection 不整合侵入discordant intrusive 不整合侵入岩体dislocation 断层dislocation breccia 断层角砾岩dislocation metamorphism 断错变质dome 穹顶dome mountain 穹形山dome shaped fold 穹状褶皱dome shaped volcano 穹状火山dome structure 穹窿构造dormant volcano 休火山drill hole 钻孔drill rig 钻机drill rod 钻杆drill steel 钻钢drill stem 钻杆driller's log 钻井记录drilling bit 钻头drilling derrick 钻塔drilling exploration 钻探drilling rig 钻机drilling technique 钻探技术drilling template 井口盘drilling unit 钻井装置drilling with direct circulation of mud 泥浆正向循环钻进drillings 钻孔碎屑dry analysis 干法分析dry gas 干瓦斯durain 暗煤dyas 二迭系dyke 岩脉dynamic geology 动力地质学dynamic geomorphology 动力地貌学galery 巷道gangue 脉石gangue rock 脉石岩gap 峡谷;间隙;海谷gap in the succession of strata 地层间断gas coal 气煤gas flame coal 长焰煤gasify 煤气化enetic type of ore deposit 矿床成因类型genetic types of coal 煤成因类型geoanticline 地背斜geoarchaeology 地质考古学geoastronomy 宇宙地质学geobarometer 地质压力计geobasin 地盆geochemical 地球化学的geochemical anomaly 地球化学异常geochemical balance 地球化学均衡geochemical behavior 地球化学性状geochemical behaviour of elements 元素的地球化学性状geochronology 地质年代学geochronometry 地质年代测定法geodynamics 地质力学geogeny 地球成因学geographical latitude 地理纬度geographical longitude 地理经度geologic setting 地质构造geologic time 地质年代geological age 地质时代geological background 地质背景geological compass 地质罗盘geological conditions 地质条件geological record 地质编录geological reserves 地质储量geological section 地质剖面geological survey 地质勘查geotectonic map 大地构造图geotectonics 大地构造学gneiss 片麻岩gneissic 片麻状的grade of coal 煤级grance coal 光亮型煤granite 花岗岩grit 粗砂岩grout 水泥浆guyot 平顶海山hand drilling 人工打钻heading machine 掘进机high moor 高位沼泽high volatile bituminous coal a 气煤high volatile bituminous coal b 长焰煤high volatile bituminous coal c 焰煤hillside creep 滑坡hoist 升起hoisting cable 提升铜丝绳hoisting crane 升降起重机hole boring 井孔钻进hole deviation 钻眼偏斜hole drilling 井孔钻进hole mouth 井口hole size 钻孔直径holespacing 炮眼间距holocene 全新世horizontal angle 水平角horizontal fault 水平断层horizontal slip 水平滑动horizontal stratum 水平岩层horst 地垒horst block mountain 地垒式断块山humate 腐殖酸盐humic acid 胡敏酸humic coal 腐殖煤humification 腐殖化humin 胡敏素huminite 腐殖煤humosapropelic coal 腐殖腐泥煤humus 腐殖质hydrogeochemical prospecting 水文地球化学勘探hydrostatic pressure 静水压力hydrothermal deposit 热液矿床hypabyssal 半深成的hypautochthonous coal 微异地生成煤hypsographic map 等高线地形图ice age 冰期ice barrier 冰障ice cap 冰帽idiochromatic 自色的igneous 火成的igneous rock 火成岩imbricate 叠瓦状imbricated fault 叠瓦状断层imbricated structure 叠瓦构造imbricated texture 叠瓦状结构immediate roof 直接顶immerse 浸入impact 冲击碰撞impact crusher 冲撞破碎机impermeability 不渗透性impermeable seam 不透水层impervious bed 不透水层impervious horizon 不透水层impregnate 浸染impregnated structure 浸染状构造impregnation 浸透impregnation deposit 浸染矿床impsonite 焦性沥青incipient peneplain 初期准平原incipient peneplane 初期准平原inclination 倾角inclined bed 倾斜层inclined boring 倾斜钻进inclined drilling 倾斜钻进inclined fold 歪斜褶皱inclined plane 倾斜面inclined seam 斜矿层inclined shaft 斜井inclined slice 倾斜分层incompetent bed 弱岩层induced fan 抽风机induced infiltration 诱导渗透industrial classification of coal 煤工业分类industrial grade 工业品位inferred reserves 推算储量infrastructure 下层构造infusorial earth 硅藻土ingression 海侵inherent ash 固有灰分initial dip 原始倾斜initial form 原始地形inland 内地inland basin 内陆盆地inland lake 内陆湖inland sea 内海inlet 峡湾interbedded 夹层的interbedded stratum 夹层interbedding 互层intercalary strata 夹层intercontinental sea 陆间海intercratonic basin 克拉通内盆地interglacial 间冰期的interglacial epoch 间冰期interior basin 内陆盆地interlayer 夹层intermediate hinterland 中间地块intermediate massif 中间地块intermediate rock 中性岩intermount basin 山间盆地interpolation 内插法interregional unconformity 区域不整合intrusion 侵入intrusive rock 侵入岩inverted fold 倒转褶皱inverted order 倒转层位isobath 等深线isohypse 等高线isopach 等厚线isopach map 等厚图isotopic age determination 用同位素的时代测定isotopic analysis 同位素分析isotopic dating 用同位素的时代测定jack hammer 凿岩锤jet 煤精joint 节理;关节joint set 节理组joint surface 节理面jura 侏罗纪jurassic period 侏罗纪kaolin 高岭土kaolinite 高岭石karst 岩溶karst denudation plane 岩溶剥蚀面karst landform 岩溶地貌karst landscape 岩溶景观karstenite 硬石膏katamorphism 碎裂变质katazone 深变质带kink 弯曲kink fold 折带褶曲lacuna 地层缺失lacustrine deposits 湖沉积lacustrine formation 湖积建造lacustrine terrace 湖成阶地lagoon 泻湖lagoon deposits 泻湖沉积lagoon sediments 泻湖沉积land facies 陆相land subsidence 地盘沉陷latitude 纬度lava 熔岩lava bed 熔岩层lava cascade 熔岩瀑布lava column 熔岩柱lava cone 熔岩锥lava crater 熔岩火口lava dome 熔岩穹丘lava flood 熔岩泛lava flow 熔岩流lava sheet 熔岩席layer of shale 夹层layered gneiss 层状片麻岩llead lead method 铅法年龄测定lead zinc ore 铅锌矿leaf by leaf injection 层层侵入legend 图例lens 扁豆状矿体lensoid ore body 透镜状矿体leucocrate 淡色岩leucocratic rock 淡色岩levee 天然堤level 水准level surface 水准面lignification 褐煤化lignified 褐煤化的lignite 褐煤limb 翼limb of fold 褶皱翼limestone 石灰岩limestone cave 灰岩洞linear fold 线状褶皱linked vein 链状矿脉liptobiolith 残植煤lit by lit injection 层层贯入lit par lit intrusion 间层侵入lithofacies 岩相lithofacies map 岩相图lithogenesis 岩石成因lithosphere 岩石圈lithospheric fault 岩圈断裂lithotype 煤岩类型littoral terrace 海滨阶地local unconformity 局部不整合log 钻孔柱状图;测井记录log interpretation 测井记录解释logging 测井long flame coal 长焰煤low volatile bituminous coal 低挥发分烟煤low volatile coal 低挥发分煤lump coal 块煤maceral 煤显微组分macrosporangium 大孢子囊macrospore 大孢子macrosporophyll 大孢子叶macrostratigraphy 宏观地层学macrostructure 宏观结构magma 岩浆magmatic rock 岩浆岩magnetic north 磁北magnetite 磁铁矿malachite 孔雀石malacolite 白透辉石mantle 地幔map interlinking 接图marginal sea 边缘海marginal trough 边缘地槽marine deposit 海洋沉积marine erosion 海蚀marl 泥灰岩marlaceous face 泥灰岩相marsh 沼泽marsh peat 湿地泥炭massif 地块massive 块状的massive coal 块煤mature 成孰的mature stage 壮年期mature valley 壮年谷maturity 壮年期maximum basin relief 最大盆地起伏meadow 草地meagre coal 贫煤measuring reel 卷尺measuring stick 量尺measuring tape 卷尺measuring tube 量筒mechanical weathering 机械风化medium grained sand 中粒沙medium grained texture 中粒结构medium sand 中砂medium thickness seam 中厚层medium volatile bituminous coal 中度挥发烟煤megabreccia 巨形角砾岩meridian 子午线meridional circulation 经向环流meridional structural system 经向构造体系mesocrate 中色岩mesocratic 中色的mesodialyte 中性石mesogeosyncline 陆间地槽meta ripples 不对称波痕metallogenic epoch 成矿时代metallogenic factors 成矿因素metallogenic map 成矿图metallogenic province 成矿区metallogeny 矿床成因论metamorphic 变质的metamorphic deposit 变质矿床metamorphic diffusion 变质扩散酌metamorphic event 变质事件metamorphic facies 变质相metamorphic grade 变质程度metamorphic map 变质图metamorphic reaction 变质反应metamorphic rock 变质岩metasomatism 交代metasomatosis 交代变质metasome 交代矿物mica 云母microspore 小孢子microtectonics 显微构造mid oceanic ridge 洋中脊mid oceanic ridge basalt 中央海脊玄武岩mill 选矿厂mineragenetic province 成矿区mineral 矿物mineral assemblage 矿物集合mineral association 矿物组合mineral composition 矿物成分mineral deposit 矿床mineral occurrence 矿点mineral resources 矿石储量;矿产资源mineralized zone 矿化带minimum mining content 最小可采品位minimum mining thickness 最小可采厚度minimum mining width 最小可采厚度minimum temperature 最低温度minimum workable grade 最低可采品位minimum workable thickness 最低可采厚度mining 矿业;采矿mining losses 开采损失mining right 采矿权miocene 中新世moisture content 水分含量moisture content of coal 煤水分monoclinal 单钭的monoclinal fold 单斜褶皱monoclinal mountain 单面山morass 沼泽moss bog 藓类沼泽mountain range 山脉mountain ridge 山脊mountain system 山系muscovite 白云母muscovite schist 白云母片岩nappe 推复体natrium 钠natural asphalt 天然沥青natural coke 天然焦炭neo ice age 新冰期neogene 新近纪neutral humus 中性腐殖质nickel 镍nickel ore 镍矿nonbedded 非成层的noncoking coal 非粘结性煤nonconformity 不整合normal fault 正断层normal fold 正褶皱normal order 正常层序normal succession 正常层序north latitude 北纬north pole 北极obduction 仰冲obduction plate 仰冲板块obduction zone 仰冲带oblique fault 斜断层oblique fold 斜卧褶皱oblique joint 斜节理offshore 外滨offshore bar 滨外洲oligocene 渐新世onlap 海侵超覆open cut mining 露天采矿open cut ore mine 露天开采矿山open hearth 平炉open pit method 露天开采法ophiolite 蛇绿岩ophiolite formation 蛇绿岩建造ordovician 奥陶纪ore 矿石ore bed 矿层ore deposit 矿床ore dilution 矿石贫化ore formation 矿石建造ore pillar 矿柱ore reserve 矿储藏量orogen 造山地带orogenesis 造山运动orogenic cycle 造山旋回overfold 倒转褶皱overland flow 表面径流overland runoff 地表径流overlap 超复overlying strata 覆层overlying strata of coal measures 煤系盖层overthrust 逆掩断层overthrust block 掩冲体overthrust mass 掩冲体overthrust plane 逆掩断层面overthrust sheet 逆掩层overthrusting plate 上冲板块overturn 倒转overturned anticline 倒转背斜overturned fold 倒转褶皱overturned succession of strata 倒转层序oxidation zone 氧化带oxidation zone of sulphide deposits 硫化物矿床氧化带oxygen content of coal 煤中氧paired metamorphic belt 双变质带paleogene 古近纪paleogeographical map 古地理图paleostructure 古构造paleotectonic 古构造的paleotypal 古相的paleozoic era 古生代paludal 沼泽的paludification 沼泽化paraclase 断层裂缝paraconformity 似整合parallel faults 平行断层parallel folding 平行褶皱parallel growth 平行共生parallel unconformity 假整合parallel vein 平行脉parent rock 母岩pay dirt 可采矿石pay ore 可采矿石peat 泥炭peat bog 泥炭沼泽peat formation 泥炭形成pegmatite 伟晶岩pegmatite deposit 伟晶岩矿床pelagic deposit 深海沉积pelagic facies 远海相pelagic sediment 远海沉积物pelite 泥质岩pelitic 泥质的pelitic rock 泥质岩peneplain 准平原percussion rotary boring 冲积钻钻探percussive rotary drilling 冲积钻钻探periclinal 穹状的periclinal structure 穹状构造peridot 橄榄石peridotite 橄榄岩period 纪periostracum 角质层permian 二叠纪permian period 二叠纪petrofacies 岩相petrographical formation 岩层petrographical province 岩区petrography 岩石学petroleum 石油phreatic rise 地下水上升phreatic zone 潜水带phyllite 千枚岩phyllitic 千枚状的piedmont 山麓piedmont alluvial plain 山前冲积平原piedmont benchland 山麓阶地piedmont glacier 山麓冰川piedmont plain 山麓冲积平原pillow lava 枕状熔岩pillow like 枕状的pillow structure 枕状构造pistacite 绿帘石placer deposit 砂积矿床plain 平原plain of accumulation 堆积平原plain of denudation 剥蚀平原plain of marine erosion 海蚀平原plant ash 植物灰plate 板plate collision 板块碰撞plate kinematics 板块运动学plate margin 板块边缘plate movement 板块运动plate tectonics 板块构造plateau 高原plateau basalt 高原玄武岩platform 台地platform anteclise 台背斜pluvial age 洪积时期polder 堤围泽地possible ore 可能矿量possible reserves 可能储量post glacial age 冰期后的时期post glacial period 冰后期precambrian 前寒武纪primary peneplain 始准平原primary sedimentary structure 原始沉积构造primeval forest 原始森林primitive 原始的probable reserves 可能储量process of crustal movement 地壳运动过程prognostic map 预测图proluvial fan 洪积扇prospect hole 勘探钻孔prospect opening 勘探巷道prospect pit 探井prospect shaft 勘探立井prospect tunnel 勘探平硐prospecting 勘探prospecting bore 勘探钻孔prospecting by drilling 钻进勘探prospecting pit 勘探试坑prospecting well 探井proved ore 证实的矿量proved reserves a级储量proximate analysis of coal 煤工业分析psammite 砂质岩psammitic 砂屑的psammitic rock 砂质岩psephitic 砾状的psephitic rock 砾质岩pulverized coal 粉煤pyrite 黄铁矿quarry 采石场quarrying 露天开采quarternary 第四纪quartz 石英quartz crystal 水晶rain print 雨痕rain rill 雨沟rate of production 生产率rate of recovery 回采率rate of sedimentation 沉淀速度rate of subsidence 沉陷速度raw coal 原煤recovery 回收;采取recovery factor 岩心采取率recovery hook 打捞钩recovery ratio 回采率recrement 矸石reef 礁regression 海退regression analysis 回归分析regressive sequence 海退层序rejects 尾矿relative age 相对时代retrogradation 海蚀后退reverse fault 逆断层rhythm 韵律ridge 海岭riebeckite 钠闪石rift 裂谷rift belt 裂谷带rift valley 中央裂谷rift zone 裂谷带rig 钻探设备right angle 直角rill 小溪rock facies 岩相rock formation 岩系rotary bit 旋转式钻头rotary boring 回转钻探rotary drill 旋转钻机rotary drilling machine 旋转钻机row 煤层run 走向run of mine coal 原煤run of mine ore 原矿rutile 金红石sac shaped 囊状的safe yield 可靠产量sag 凹陷salt dome 盐丘salt lake 盐湖salt marsh 咸沼;盐沼saprolite 腐泥土sapropel 腐殖泥sapropelic coal 腐泥煤sapropelic groundmass 腐泥基质sapropelite 腐泥岩sapropelites 腐泥岩sapropelitic group 腐泥化组saprophages 腐生物saprophytes 腐生物sapropsammite 砂质腐泥scaffold 脚手架schist 片岩schistosity 片理sea level 海平面sea level fluctuation 海面升降sea water intrusion 海水浸入seam floor 底盘seam roof 顶盖岩seam thickness 层厚secondary recovery 二次开采sediment 沉积sedimentary cover 沉积盖层sedimentary cycle 沉积旋回sedimentary deposit 沉积矿床sedimentary formation 沉积建造sedimentary mantle 沉积盖层sedimentary model of coal 煤沉积模式sedimentary nappe 沉积推复体sedimentary rock 沉积岩sedimentary structure 沉积构造sedimentary system 沉积体系sedimentation basin 沉积盆地sedimentation rate 沉淀速度semianthracite 半无烟煤semibituminous coal 半沥青煤semibright coal 半亮煤semidull coal 半暗煤serpentine 蛇纹石serpentite 蛇纹石shield 地盾shiver 页岩siderite 菱铁矿silt 粉砂silting 淤积siltstone 粉砂岩silurian 志留纪slate 板岩slide 滑动slide fault 滑动断裂slime 淤泥sphenoid 楔状sphenolith 岩楔spongy parenchyma 海绵组织spongy spicule 海绵骨针spongy structure 海绵构造spontaneous combustion of coal 煤自燃发火spore 孢子spore bearing plants 孢子植物spore coal 孢子煤spore coat 孢壁sporinite 孢子体sporinitic liptobiolith 孢子残殖煤stable humus 稳定腐植质steep fault 陡角断层steep slope 高倾斜steepness 陡度strand deposits 沿滨沉积strata 地层stratiform 层状的stratiform ore deposit 层状矿床stratigraphic overlap 地层超复stream bed 河床stream channel 河道sstrike 走向strike fault 走向断层strike joint 走向节理strike line 走向线sublittoral zone 潮下带submarine coal field 海底煤田sulfur content of coal 煤中硫量sulfur metasomatism 硫交代table mount 平顶海山table mountain 平顶山table reef 平顶礁tail 尾tail assay 尾料分析tail fin 尾tailings 尾渣tailings grade 尾矿品位talc 滑石talus 山麓talus breccia 倒石锥角砾岩tar sand 沥青沙taxite 斑杂岩technologic properties of coal 煤工艺性tectogene 深坳槽tectonic 构造的tectonic axis 构造轴tectonic basin 构造盆地tectonic facies 构造相tectonic level 构造层位tectonic map 大地构造图temperate climate 温带气候temperate lake 温带湖temperate zone 温带tendency 倾向tensile force 张力tensile strength 抗张强度tensile stress 张应力tension 张力tension deep fracture 张性深断裂tension fracture 张破裂tension joint 张节理terrestrial facies 陆相terrestrial sediments 陆地沉积层terrigenous deposit 陆源沉积test boring 勘探钻井test hole 探井test piece 试验片test pit 探井test well 探井theodolite 经纬仪theory of isostasy 地壳均衡说theory of pediplanation 山麓剥蚀平原学说theory of polycycle 多旋回说thermal capacity 热容量thin bed 薄层thin out of coal seam 煤层尖灭three dimensional seismic method 三维地震勘探法thrust 逆冲断层thrust fault 逆冲断层thrust plane 逆逆断层面tidal current 潮流tidal delta 潮汐三角洲tidal efficiency 潮汐率tidal terrace 后滨阶地tidal zone 潮汐带tide 潮汐tilt 倾斜tilted aquifer 倾斜含水层tilted block 倾斜地块tilted stratum 倾斜层top slicing system 下向分层采矿法topographic map 地形图topography 地形学topset bed 顶积层transgression 海进transgressive injection 不整合侵入transgressive overlap 海侵超覆transgressive unconformity 海侵不整合triassic 三叠期triassic period 三迭纪tropical climate 热带气候tropical lake 热带湖tropical zone 热带true dip 真倾角true thickness 真厚度turf 泥炭turfary 泥炭沼泽ultimate analysis of coal 煤炭元素分析ultimate plain 终平原ultrabasic rock 超基性岩ultrabasite 超基性岩unconformable 不整合的unconformity 不整合underground gasification of coal 煤炭地下气化underground water 地下水underhand stoping 下向梯段回采underlying bed 下伏层underlying seam 下层unsymmetric fold 不对称褶皱upland 高地upland moor 高位沼泽uplifted plain 上升平原upper confining bed 上覆隔水层upper roof 老顶upstream water 上层带水vadose zone 通气层valley 谷valley bog 河谷沼泽valley fill 河谷填积valley glacier 谷冰川valuation 评价vegetable mould 沼泽泥vegetable remains 植物残余vegetation zone 植被带vein 矿脉vein deposit 脉矿床venner rock 表层vent 火山口vibrator 振动器振子vibratory drilling 振动钻进vibratory percussive drilling 振动冲魂井vibratory rotary drilling 振动旋转钻井vitrain 光亮型煤vitrinite 镜质组vitrite 微镜煤volatile 挥发性的volatile components 挥发组分volatile content 挥发组分含量volcanic 火山的volcanic arc 火山岛弧volcanic ash 火山灰volcanic ash soil 火山灰土volcanic association 火山岩组合wall 墙壁wall rock alteration 围岩蚀变water separator 脱水器water solubility 水溶性water stage 水位water table 地下水面weakly caking coal 弱粘煤weathering crust 风化壳weathering residues 风化残留物wedging out 尖灭wedging out of coal seam 煤层尖灭weighted average 加权平均值well boring 钻井well diameter 钻孔直径well drilling 钻井winning assembly 采掘设备winning drum 卷筒提升机wire line 钢丝绳workability of rock 岩石可采性workable deposit 可开采矿床workable thickness 可采厚度working 开采xylem 木质部xyloid coal 木煤xylovitrain 木质镜煤young stage 幼年期young valley 幼年谷zone of contact 接触变质带zone of faulting 断裂带zone of fracture 破裂带zone of leaching 淋滤带。
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第一课1.科学家认为地球由几层组成Scientists think the earth is composed of / consists of / is made up of several layers.2.地球的固态部分称为岩石圈。
The solid parts of the earth is called / referred to as lithosphere.3.地质学家发现大部分海洋下地壳厚4~10英里。
Geologists found that the crust under the ocean is 4-10 miles deep / to a depth of 4-10 miles / as thick as 4-10 miles / 4-10 mile-thick.4.水和空气在地球历史上是作用于地球表面的最重要的因素。
Water and air are exceedingly / significant imporant factors in acting on the surface of the earth in the earth history.5.大气圈是由环绕地球固体和液体部分的气体组成。
The atmosphere is composed of the air which surroounds the solid and liquid parts of the earth.第二课1.大约地壳重量的75%是由氧和硅这两种元素组成的。
Approximately / About 75% of the crust’s weight is composed of/ is made of / consists of the elements of oxygen and silicon.★compose , consist of , comprise , constitute 这组动词的一般含义为“组成”或“构成”。
▪ compose 在表示“由……材料构成”时，见于被动语态；在用于主动语态时，一般它所表示的“构成”或“组成”总包含着融合为一，而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。
Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water.混凝土由水泥、砂、石子与水掺和而构成。
England, Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain.英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。
Mere facts, badlly stated, do not compose a good book.仅仅有资料，如果陈述得很糟糕，并不能组成一本好书；▪ consist of 的含义与被动语态的compose 相同Though the costume consists only of a sheet, it was very effective.虽然那件化装服装仅由一条床单组成，但效果很好。
▪ comprise 在表示“构成”时，其内涵是“包括”或“覆盖”These houses do not comprises all his property.这些房产并没有构成他的全部财产。
The committee comprises men of widely different views.这个委员会由见解甚为悬殊的人组成。
▪ constitute 的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上，亦或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的This growing poverty in the midst of growing poverty constitutes a permanent menace to peace.在这种不断增长的贫困中正在增长着的贫困，构成了对和平的永久的威胁。
Seven days constitutes a week.七天构成一个星期。
2.硅酸盐晶体中最基本的单位称之为硅氧四面体。
The most basic unit of silicate crystal is referred to as / is known as silicon-oxygen tetrahedron.3.矿物的硬度主要取决于矿物空间格子中原子和离子之间化学键的强度。
The hardness of/ The scale of mineral is determined mainly by / depends upon the strength of the chemical bonds between atoms and ions in the spacial lattice/in its space lattice.4.矿物沿着一定的方向破裂成光滑面的性质称为解理。
The characteristic / feature that a mineal splits / breaks into smooth plats / planes/ corrupts into smooth surface along certain directions is called cleavage.5.虽然已经发现了2000多种矿物并且进行了科学的描述，但是它们当中的大多数在地壳中占的比例很少而且很难遇到。
While more than 2000 kinds of minerals have been discovered and scientifically described , the most / majority of them account for little proportion in the crust and can be found hardly/most of them occupy little scale in the crust and can hardly be found.第三课1.总的来说，变质岩的特征取决于变质因素的种类和强度以及母岩本身的性质。
In a word / Generally , the nature / characteristics /properties of metamorphic rocks depend upon the types and strengths of the matamorphic factors ,as well as the nature of parent rocks themselves.或In a word, the features of metamorphic rocks depend on the types and strengths of the metamorphic factors, as well as the nature of parent rock itself.2.沉积岩大约占地壳的8%，然而它们却覆盖着全部陆地的75%。
Sedimentary rocks occupies only 8% of the crust, but covers 75% of the total land.3.喷发过程是宁静的还是爆发的，其主要决定因素是岩浆的温度粘度以及岩浆中包含气体的数量.Whether the course of eruption is quiet or volcanic depends largely upon the temperature and viscosity of the magma , as well as the amount of gas contained in / and also on the amount of gas it contained.4.大多数变质岩可以根据其结构与岩浆岩，沉积岩区分开来。
Most metamorphic rocks can be identified / separated from/ divided from magmatic rocks and sedimentary rocks in terms of its structure.5.在沉积岩中可以找到化石。
Fossils can be found in sedimentary rocks.第四课1.化石是古代生命存在的证据。
Fossils are the evidences of the existence of ancient organisms/lives.2.化石能提供某一地区古地理和古气候变化的线索。
Fossils can provide/offer with the clues to the past geographic and climatic changes in a certain area/region.3.标准化石能帮助地质工作者测定岩层的相对年代。
Index / Standard fossils can help geologists determine the relative areas.4.古生物学时地质学中有关古代生命研究的一个分支学科，它是以研究化石为基础的。
Paleontology is one of subdivisions of geology on the study of ancient organisms ,which is based on study of fossils .5.由于人们发现化石能当作时间的指示标志，所以它成了对比不同地层的相近年代的岩层的最佳手段。
Because people found fossils can be regarded as time indicators, so it became the best means of comparing the different strata with a similar age rocks.或Because people find that fossils can be regarded as time indicators, they become the best methods in comparison between strata in different area and similar eras.6.化石也是重要的环境指示标志。
Fossil is also an importantly environmental indicator .或Also fossils are important/significant environmental indicators.第五课1.每一个地质年代中发现的化石有较大的差异。