自考05844国际商务英语词汇部分
自考05844-国际商务英语-词汇部分
Unit 1: P7Transaction 交易 customs area 关税区 in compliance with 遵从；遵照conversion 货币兑换 visible trade 有形贸易 resale 转售gross domestic product国内生产总值 invisible trade 无形贸易 for short 缩写为account for 占…比例 headquarters 总部 trap 陷阱，圈套portfolio investment 证券投资 stocks 股票 bonds 债券maturity （票据等）到期，到期日 certificate of deposit 大额存单 licensing许可经营franchising 特许经营 trademark 商标 advisable 可行的；适当的patent 专利 royalty 专利使用费；版税 copyright 版税licensor 给予许可的人 licensee 接受许可的人 franchiser 给予特许的人franchisee 接受特许的人 logo 标志；标记 management contract 管理合同expertise 专门知识 bonus 红利；津贴；奖金 flat 一律的，无变动的value chain 价值链 contract manufacturing 承包工程 turnkey project “交钥匙”工程BOT（Build，Operate，Transfer）建设、经营、移交stand for 代表；表示variant 变形/体Unit 2: P23potential 潜力 clue 线索 national income 国民收入GNP 国民生产总值 per capita income 人均收入 bulk 大量的；大宗的PPP 购买力平价 consumerism 消费，消费主义 income distribution 收入分布Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织infra structure 基础设施 Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体staple goods 大路货 tap 开发 hemisphere 半球observation（经观察而得到的）看法 haven 避风港；安全之地 spur 促进；刺激creditor country 债权国 proximity 临近 ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟Unit 3：P40witness 亲历，见证 economic integration 经济一体化 liberalize 使自由put up barriers 设置障碍 fall under分成几部分 free trade area自由贸易区tariff rates 关税税率 NAFTA北美自由贸易协定 customs union 关税同盟detour 迂回；绕行 common market 共同市场 adoption 使用，采用euro 欧元 erode 侵蚀；损害 autonomy 自治；自主sovereign state 主权国家 political entity 政治实体 set the stage of 为、、、做准备；促成monumental 重要的，有纪念意义的 landmark 地标；里程碑 signatory 签字国；签字人settlement 结算 banknotes 纸币；钞票 circulation货币流通executive body 行政机构，执行机构 European Commission欧盟委员会 veto 否决commissioner 委员，特派员，专员 council of ministers 部长理事会 empower 授予权力multi-polarization 多极化 tenet 原则；宗旨 Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议cartel 卡特尔，联盟 OPEC 石油输出国组织Unit4：P57globalization 全球化 frequency 频繁，频率 interactive 相互作用的element 要素；组成成分；元素 value 价值观 acclaim 欢呼；欢迎；喝彩adverse 不利的；反对的 controversial 引起争议的 instrumental 有作用的internationalization 国际化 facilities 设施；设备；工具 label 把称为；把归类employ 用；使用 assets 资产 incorporate 吸收；合并purport 声称；自称headquarters 总部international economic environment国际经济环境double digit 两位数字 survival 继续生存 embark（on）开始；从事gigantic 庞大的；巨大的 intervene 干预；干涉 technical improvements 技术进步derivation 获得 day-to-day running 日常管理 decentralize 分散；放下（权利）wield 操控；控制 jurisdiction 权利；管理范围 vehicle 工具；手段delegate power to…对、、、授权 affiliate 分支机构；附属机构 mover 原动力，推动力Unit5：P71define 下定义 services 劳务 distribution 分布natural resources 自然资源 abundant 丰富的 scarce缺少，缺乏primary commodities 初级产品 incentive 刺激 specialization 专业化constitute 构成，形成 remainder 剩余的，余数 hold 认为in terms of 在…方面 illustrate 说明 table 表格，图表assume 假设 efficient 有效的，效率高的 occur 发生，产生law 规则，法则 even if 即使 disadvantage 不利with respect to 关于 exploit 利用，开发 static 静止的endowment of nature 自然的赋予 up-to-date 现代的，新式的 intuitive 直觉的，直观的appeal 吸引力 absolute advantage 绝对利益 comparative advantage 比较利益Unit6：P84strategic 战略的 reduce 减少 bulky 笨重的，庞大的perishable 易碎的 protectionist 保护主义的 barrier障碍typical 典型的 tariffs 关税 quota 配额levy 征收，收取 coincide 巧合；偶合 customs union 关税联盟import duties 进口关税 export duties 出口关税 ad valorem 按价；从价specific 从量的 compound duties 复税，混合关税 drawback 退税refund 偿还；退还 most-favoured-nation（MFN）treatment 最惠国待遇signatory 签字国 concession让步 tariff schedule 税率表；税则non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒 impose 加强 unilaterally 单方面地label 标签，标记，标号 voluntary 自动的，主动的 forthcoming 即将到来的meaning of transport 运输工具 inland water vessels 内河船只 maritime 海洋的，与海有关的cargo compartment 货仓 charter租 fleet 舰队 insurance保险vulnerable 脆弱的 collision 碰撞 pilferage 偷窃 explosion 爆炸place of historical interest 古迹 accommodations 膳宿供应 immigrant 移民remittance 汇款 undertake 承担Unit7：P84climate 环境气氛；风气 degenerate 变坏；衰退 deal 交易draw up 制定；拟就 respective 各自的；分别的 subsequent 随后的，后来的interpretation 解释；说明 trade terms 贸易术语；交易条件 trading practices 贸易惯例litigation 诉讼，诉争 entail 使人承担；使成为必要 amendment 修正案；修正条款addition 增加部分 revise 修正；修改 unitization 使成为一个单位maritime 海的；海上的 consolidate 统一，合并 render使得；使成为negotiable 可转让的；可流通的 vital 极其重要的，必不可少的 whereby 凭借那个，借以premises 生产场所；经营场所 disposal 处理；解决 departure 离开，启程，出发quay 码头 substantive 实质性的Unit8：P116set forth 陈述；阐明 binding 有约束力的 enforceable可实施的sue起诉 trade fairs 商品交易会 trunk call 长途电话enquiry 询盘；询价 quotation 报价 voluntarily 主动地，自愿地indispensable 必不可少的 validity period 有效期 offer还盘unbinding 无约束力的 invalid 无效的 sales contract 销售合同sales （purchase） confirmation 售货（购货）确认书 setting up 构成，结构，格式consignment 寄售 contracting parties 缔约方 force majeure不可抗力arbitration 仲裁 cotton piece good 棉布 cotton yarns 棉纱hereby 于此 hereunder 于下 article number 货号yard 码 overleaf 反面 bleached 漂白的Unit9：P127counter trade 对销贸易；反对贸易 allegedly被说成；据说 phenomenon 现象terminology 术语 generic 总称的 net positions 实际寸头adduce 引证 empirical 以经验为根据的 reciprocal 互惠的；互相的hyperinflation极度通货膨胀 literally 照字地，逐字地 disarray 混乱conceptually 概念上地 European Payment Union 欧洲支付联盟competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值 pre-specify 预先说明 in essence 实质上的intertemporal 不同时的 be tied to 固定于 photocopying machine 复印机intriguing引起兴趣的，有迷惑力的 concurrently 同时发生的 a fraction of一点儿；一部分verify 一部分 sophisticated 经验丰富的 bypass 避开；置、、、于不顾expertise 专门知识 leverage 杠杆作用 tap 开发；开辟conceal 掩盖；隐藏 perpetuate 使永久存在 processing trade 加工贸易consignment 寄售 leasing 租赁 agency 代理Unit10：P141domestic 国内的 status 状况 remittance 汇款debtor 债务人 debit 借方；记入借方的款 financial standing 财务状况default 违约；不履行职责 ban禁止 fluctuation波动hesitant 犹豫，不情愿 dubious 可疑 integrity 正直；诚实periodic payment 分期付款 cash in advance 预付现金 draft 汇票（bill of exchange）drawer 出票人 drawee 受票人 payee受款人usance draft（tenor draft，term draft）远期汇票 documentary draft 跟单汇票clean draft 光票 bill of lading 提单 title to the goods 货物所有权insurance policy 保险单 documentary collection 跟单托收documents against payment （D/P）付款交单 documents against acceptance（D/A）承兑交单sound 健全；良好 with discretion 慎重地；审慎地Unit11：P154release 放开 gain control over 得到对…的控制 objective 目的，目标impeccable 无缺点的 bilateral 双边的 credit-worthiness 资信unique 独特的 security 安全，保障 presentation 呈交；提示undertaking 承担 applicant 开证申请人 opening bank 开证银行beneficiary 受益人 correspondent bank 往来行；关系行 advising bank 通知行amendment 修改 discrepancy 不符 confirming bank 保兑行reimburse 付款 nominate 指定 insufficient 不足的 submit提交stipulation 规定 expire 满期；到期 unit price 单价partial shipment 分批装运 transshipment 转船 seal 印章underlying作为基础的 obligation 责任，义务 ultimately 最终Unit12：P167category 种类 fall under 归为…类 mechanism 机制clean credit 光票信用证 non-trade settlement非贸易结算 revocable credit 可撤销信用证irrevocable credit 不可撤销信用证 certainty 确定程度，肯定程度 alter 改变commitment 承担的责任 cancel 取消，作废 consult with 与、、、协商revoke 撤销 consent 同意 extensively 广泛地indication 指明，表明 confirmed credit 保兑信用证 leading bank 主要银行double assurance 双重保障 involve 牵涉；涉及 sight credit 即期信用证usance credit 远期信用证 impeccable 正确无误的 capital turnover 资金周转maturity 到期 discount 贴现 face value 面值transferable credit 可转让信用证 non-transferable credit 不可转让信用证 middleman 中间人non-draft credit 无汇票信用证 deferred payment 推迟付款 revolving credit 循环信用证renew 恢复 reinstate 使复原 contracting parties 合同各方，缔约各方sustain 遭受，蒙受 insolvent 无支付能力的 bankrupt 破产的Unit13：P180documents 单据 take delivery of 提（货） delay 延误，迟延discrepancy 不符 conformity 一致，相符 description 描述commission 佣金 discount 折扣 shipping marks 唛头seal 印章；图章 signature 签字 comply with 符合in general terms 用概括性的词语，用一般性词语表达 exceed 超过 memos 备忘录，便笺bill of lading 提单 carrier 承运人 shipper 货主，托运人carriage 运输 consignee 收货人 notify party 被通知人payable 应支付的，可支付的 devoid of 没有，缺少 liability 责任；义务airway bill 空运提单 cargo receipt 铁路运单，货运收据 insurance policy 保险单function 功能；作用 the insured 被保险人 currency 货币 settle 清算；结算Unit14：P193fundamental 极其重要的 efficiency 效率 primitive 原始的in a broad sense 从广义上讲 grocery 食品；杂货 distinct 与其他明显不同的；独特的natural product provinces 产品自然领域 urgency 紧迫；急迫 perform 执行；完成carrier 承运人。
05844国际商务英语国际商务英语商务术语总结
05844国际商务英语国际商务英语商务术语总结Lesson11.Customsarea关税区:2.Conversion货币兑换3.Visibletrade有形贸易: The form of modity trade,i.e.exportingand importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.(including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade) 4.Invisibletrade无形贸易: The form of transportation, munication, banking,insurance, consulting, information etc.is called invisible trade or service industries.5.FDI外国直接投资:Foreign direct investments.Returnsthrough controlling the enterprises or assetsinvested in a host country./P.256.Onecountry acquires assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.6.Portfolioinvestment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.7.Stocks股票:Capital stocks or bonds.8.Bonds债券:The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.9.Maturity（票据等）到期10.Certificateof deposit大额存单11.Licensing许可经营:In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country.They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive ine in the form of royalty.12.Franchising特许经营:Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operatein the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.13.TradeMark商标14.Patent专利15.Royalty专利（许可）使用费，版税16.Copyright版权17.Licenser许可方18.Licensee被许可方19.Franchiser特许方:A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand ,names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.20.Franchisee被特许方:A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.21.Managementcontract管理合同: Under a management contract, one pany offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment ora percentage of the relevant business volume.22.Valuechain价值链23.Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程: For aninternational turnkey project, a firm signs a contractwith a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon pletion.24.建设、经营和移交:Build,Operate, Transfer25.Expertise专门知识26.Bonus红利、奖金、津贴27.Royalty 许可使用费28.Internationalinvestment国际投资: Supplying capital by residents of one country to another.29.Contractmanufacturing承包生产 30.GATT关贸总协定:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade31.Internationalbusiness国际商务: Transaction between parties from different countries.Sometimesbusiness across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.32.Intellectual property知识产权 33.Oildeposit: 石油储备 =oil reserves 34.thereserves of natural resources 自然资源储备35.Personaladvancement个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。
05844 国际商务英语 自考名词解释及课后问答题答案
05844 国际商务英语自考名词解释及课后问答题答案一、What does international business refer to? Please tell the difference between international business and domestic business.1. International business refers to transactions between parties from different countries.There are four major differences between international business and domestic business:1) differences in legal system2) differences in currencies3) differences in cultural background4) differences in natural and economic conditionsPlease explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade?2. Commodity trade, i.e exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country forconsumption or resale in another. This kind of trade is also referred to visible trade. Invisible trade is in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. Invisible trade is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade.Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differences in international business?3. Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc.Please elaborate on the two categories of international investment. What is their major difference? 4. Foreign direct investments or FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assetsinvested in in a host country.Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as means of entering a foreign market?5. In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country.Firms choose licensing because they do not want to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management.What is franchising? How is it different from licensing?6. Under franchising, a firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called thefranchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand name, logos, and operating techniques for royalty.In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.What is a management contract? Under what conditions is it most applicable?7. Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to anotherwithin a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volum.When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets..What is an international turnkey project? In what way is its variant BOT different from it?8. For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all thedesigning, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.For a BOT project, a firm operate a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company.Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project.Franchise: an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in certain area.Royalty: money paid to the owner of a copyright fr permission to publish copy right material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, use, at an agreed percentage of the selling price of the product.Patent: a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.Non-tariff barries: all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.Portfolio: the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling.Turnkey project: one in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, a complete product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.Budget: an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu, a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.Return: the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.Expertise: expert knowledge or skill, esp. in a particular field; know-howLicensor: a person or company granting a license1.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。
自考05844国际商务英语(真题-翻译)
1有形贸易 visible trade visible trade 2无形贸易 invisible tradeinvisible trade3证券投资 Portfolio Investment portfolio investment 4大额存单 Certificate of depositcertificate of deposit 5管理合同 management contract management contract 6价值链 value chainvalue chain7承包生产 contract manufacturing contract manufacturing 8交钥匙工程 turnkey project turnkey project 9国民收入 national income national income 10人均收入 per capita income per capita income 11基础设施 infra structureinfra structure1213收入分布 income distribution income distribution 14债权国 creditor countrycreditor country15经济一体化 economic integration economic integration 16自由贸易区 free trade area free trade area 17关税税率 tariff rates tariff rates 18关税同盟 custom union custom union 19关税联盟 customs union customs union 20共同市场 common market common market 21主权国家 sovereign state sovereign state 22政治实体 political entity political entity 23行政机构 executive bodyexecutive body24欧盟委员会 European commission European commission 25部长理事会 council of ministers council of ministers 26多极化 multi-polarization multi-polarization27双部长会议 dual-Ministerial meeting dual-Ministerial meeting 28分委员会 Sub-committeeSub-committee 2930技术进步 technical improvements technical improvements 31自然资源 natural resources natural resources 32初级产品 primary commodities primary commodities 33绝对利益 absolute advantage absolute advantage 34比较利益 comparative advantage comparative advantage 35进口关税 import duty import duty 36出口关税 export dutyexport duty 37混税,复合关税 compound dutycompound duty3839税率表,税则 tariff schedule tariff schedule 40关税壁垒 tariff barriertariff barrier41非关税壁垒 non-tariff barrier non-tariff barrier 42运输工具 means of transport means of transport43古迹 places of historical interest places of historical interest 44货仓 cargo compartment cargo compartment 45关税区 customs area customs area 46从价税 advalorem dutiesadvalorem duties独立国家联合体 commonwealth of independent 国际经济环境 international economic environment 最惠国待遇 most-favoured nation (MFN) treatment47贸易术语 trade terms trade terms48贸易惯例 trading practices trading practices49商品交易会 trade fairs trade fairs50长途电话 trunk call trunk call51有效期 validity period validity period52还盘 counter offer counter offer53销售合同 sales contract sales contract54销售确认书 sales (purchase) confirmation sales (purchase) confirmation55缔约方/合约各方 contracting parties contracting parties56不可抗力 force majeure force majeure57货号 article number article number58棉布 cotton piece goods cotton piece goods59棉纱 cotton yarns cotton yarns60对销贸易 counter trade counter trade61欧洲支付联盟 European payment union European payment union62竞争性贬值 competitive devaluation competitive devaluation63加工贸易 processing trade processing trade64清算系统 clearing system clearing system65实际头寸 net positions net positions66贸易信贷往来帐户 trade credit accounts trade credit accounts67反向购买 counter purchase counter purchase68回购交易 buyback buyback69租赁贸易 leasing trade leasing trade70财务状况 financial standing financial standing71资信可靠情况 credit worthiness credit worthiness72分阶段付款 periodic payments periodic payments73预付现金 cash in advance cash in advance74汇票 draft / bill of exchange draft/bill of exchange75远期汇票 usance draft usance draft76跟单汇票 documentary draft documentary draft77提单 bill of landing bill of landing78货物所有权 title to goods title to goods79保险单 insurance policy insurance policy80跟单托收 documentary collection documentary collection81付款交单 documents against payment (D/P)documents against payment (D/P) 82承兑交单 documents against acceptance (D/A)documents against acceptance (D/A) 83光票 clean draft clean draft84开证银行opening bank opening bank85往来行 correspondence bank correspondence bank86通知行 advising bank advising bank87保兑行 confirming bank confirming bank88分批装运 partial shipment partial shipment89保兑信用证 confirmed letter of credit confirmed letter of credit90价格条款 price term price term91光票信用证 clean credit clean credit92非贸易结算 non-trade settlement non-trade settlement93可撤销信用证 revocable credit revocable credit94不可撤销信用证 irrevocable credit irrevocable credit95双重保障 double assurance double assurance96即期信用证 sight credit sight credit97远期信用证 usance credit usance credit98面值 face value face value99可转让信用证 transferable credit transferable credit100不可转让信用证 non-transferable credit non-transferable credit101无汇票信用证 non-draft credit non-draft credit102推迟付款 deferred payment deferred payment103循环信用证 revolving credit revolving credit104唛头 shipping marks shipping marks105被通知人 notify party notify party106货运收据 cargo receipt cargo receipt107发运港 port of shipment port of shipment108海关发票 custom invoice custom invoice109领事发票 consular invoice consular invoice110装船通知 shipping advice shipping advice111产品自然领域 natural product provinces natural product provinces112公共承运人 common carrier common carrier113契约承运人 contract carrier contract carrier114自有承运人 private carrier private carrier115中间产品 intermediate product intermediate product116制成品 finished products finished products117最大诚信原则 utmost good faith utmost good faith118货物原产地港口 port of origin port of origin119交货费用 forwarding charges forwarding charges导致损失的直接原因 proximate cause of the loss120121汇率 exchange rate exchange rate122金本位制 gold standard gold standard123平价 par value par value124储备货币 reversed currency reversed currency125清洁浮动 clean float (free float-自由浮动)clean float 清洁浮动 (free float 自由浮动) 126肮脏浮动 dirt float (managed float-管理浮动)dirt float 肮脏浮动 (managed float 管理浮动) 127(汇率)直接标价 direct quote direct quote128(汇率)间接标价 indirect quote indirect quote129买入价 buying rate buying rate130卖出价 selling rate selling rate131中间价 medial rate medial rate132大萧条 Great Depression great depression133特别提款权 special drawing right special drawing right134国际收支赤字 BOP deficit BOP deficit135国际收支盈余 favorable balance of payment favorable balance of payment136贴现率 discount rate discount rate137外汇管制 foreign exchange control foreign exchange control138游资 idle funds (hot money)idle funds (hot money)139世界银行集团 word bank group word bank group140资本市场 capital market capital market141优惠期 grace period grace period142私营经济 private sector private sector143股权投资 equity investment equity investment144经济结构调整 economic restructuring economic restructuring145投票权 voting power voting power146黄金份额 gold tranche gold tranche147备用(信贷)安排 standby arrangement standby arrangement148客户流动 customer mobility customer mobility149免税期 tax holiday tax holiday150合资企业 joint venture joint venture151绿地战略 the greenfield strategy the greenfield strategy152战略联合 the strategic alliance the strategic alliance153知识产权 intellectual property intellectual property154常务委员会 standing committee standing committee155证券交易所 stock exchange stock exchange156长期资本 long-term capital long-term capital157二级资本市场 secondary capital market secondary capital market158交易场地 market floor (trading floor)market floor (trading floor)159挂牌证券交易市场 listed market listed market160所得税 income tax income tax161平衡帐目 balance the books balance the books 公共部门借贷需求 the public sector borrowing requirement162163金边证券 gilt-edged stocks / securities gilt-edged stocks/securities164事业机构投资商 institutional investors institutional investors165期权 options options166套期保值 hedge hedge167具体事场 particular market area particular market area168普惠制 generalized system of preferences generalized system of preferences 169关税减让 tariff concession tariff concession170制度力量 institutional strength institutional strength171反贴补措施 counter-veiling measures counter-veiling measures172反倾销 anti-dumping anti-dumping173国民待遇 national treatment national treatment174关税配额 tariff quota tariff quota175充分就业 full employment full employment176公平贸易 fair trade fair trade177贸易条款 term of trade term of trade178免责条款 escape clauses escape clauses179行动纲领 action programme action programme180联合国大会 united nations general assembly united nations general assembly 181较不发达国家 less-developed countries less-developed countries182无差别待遇 non-discrimination principle non-discrimination principle183差别待遇 differential treatment differential treatment184贸易条件 terms of trade terms of trade185186特惠税 preferential customs tariffs preferential customs tariffs 187技术转让 transfer of technology transfer of technology188金融市场 financial market financial market189中期贷款 extended fund facility extended fund facility190双边谈判 bilateral negotiation bilateral negotiation191特约条款 special clause special clause192董事会 board of directors board of directors193生产方式 production approach production approach194可保利益 insurable interest insurable interest195缓冲库存贷款 buffer stock financing facility buffer stock financing facility 196跨国公司母公司 parent MNC parent MNC197记帐交易 open credit open credit198滚装滚卸范畴运输 roll-on and roll-off traffic roll-on and roll-off traffic199规模经济 economies of scale economies of scale200有价保单 valued policy valued policy201从量税 specific duty specific duty202业务范围 business line business line203基础设施 capital infrastructure capital infrastructure204布雷顿森林会议 the Bretton woods convention the Bretton woods convention 205保证金 margin margin206统一关税制度 uniform tariff system uniform tariff system207208209210211212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224电子数据交换EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)购买力平价PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)增值税VAT (value added tax)国际经济新秩序 new international economic order石油输出国组织OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)东南亚国家联盟ASEAN (Association of SouthEast Asian Nations)北美自由贸易协定NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)多边投资担保机构MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency)经济及社会理事会ECOSOC (economic social council)国际开发协会IDA (International Development Association)国际货币基金组织IMF (International Monetary Fund)经济合作与发展组织OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development)零库存 just-in-time delivery (JIT)自动出口限制VER (Voluntary Export Restriction)投资交易所RIE (Recognized Investment Exchange)国际复兴开发银行IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)国际金融公司IFC (International Finance Corporation)。
《国际商务英语》词汇部分
国际商务英语——词汇部分11.Budget—预算an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated,period,usu.a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.2.Return—回报the gain from an investment,either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.3.Portfolio—证券投资组合the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks,bonds,or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling4.Royalty—专利税money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design,usu.at a greed percentage of the selling price of the product.5.Expertise—专门知识expert knowledge or skill,esp.in a particular field;know-how.6.Licensor—认证颁发者a person or company granting a license.7.Patent—专利权a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell,or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.8.Non-tariff barrier—非贸易壁垒all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs,including prohibitions and quotas,etc.9.Turnkey contract—one in which one of the parties agrees to supply,at the contract price,a complete product ready for use,such asa new home,factory,ship,etc.10.Franchise—经销权an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.21.Purchasing power—购买力of persons,the public,having the money to buy goods and services.2.Assess—估价to judge an amount or value.3.spur—to urge or encourage4.average—of an ordinary,common or usual kind in quality or amount5.Productive—producing in high efficiency or in large quantity6.tap—to take what is needed from,to exploit7.Infrastructure—large-scale public services,such as water and power supplies,road,rail and radio communications,etc.needed to support economic activity,esp.industry,trade and commerce.8.recipient—a person or an organization etc.that receives something9.consumerism—considerable desire to make purchase for consumption10.PPP—purchasing power parity31liberalization—of trade,the act of government in lifting controls over imports and exports2integration—combining into the whole3tariff—tax levied by the customs4barriers to trade—any action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of its country.5mobility—capacity that can move or be moved easily and quickly from place to place.6detour—绕道route that avoids a blocked road;deviation7banknote—纸币printed paper money issued by a bank,usu.the country’s central bank.8erode—侵蚀wear away,eat into9envisage—picture(an event,action,etc)in the mind as a future possibility;imagine10veto—否决权right to reject or forbid something41affiliate—a subsidiary company controlled by another2assets—total resources of a business,as cash,accounts receivable,real estates etc.3world company—a multinational whose national identity has been blurred4facilities—something designed,built or installed to serve a specific function or perform a particular service 5revenue—收益the total annual income of state6decentralize—使分权distribute the administrative powers over a less concentrated area7nationalize—to bring under the control or ownership of a nation\8welfare—well-being9framework—organization structure10input—something that is put in business operation51service—something done to help or benefit others2abundant—plentiful,more than enough3specialization—to restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fields4primary commodities—those commodities not processed,or only slightly processed,usually farm produce or raw materials 5incentive—that which incites,rouses or encourages a person6alternative—that may be had,used etc.in place of sth.else7intuitive—relating to the power of the immediate understanding of something without reasoning or study8efficient—producing a desired or satisfactory result;able to perform duties well9endowment—a natural gift or ability10exploit—to develop the use of,make the best use of61drawback—退税duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when re-exported2highlight—to make prominent;to draw special attention3bulky—taking a lot of space,and often of a shape difficult to handle4perishable—easily to go bad5tariff—duties imposed on goods imported and exported6specific duties—duties levied on the basis of quantity,weight,size etc.of the goods7ad valorem duties—duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods8unilaterally—单方面地done by one side or party only9maritime—connected with the sea or navigation10remittance—汇款money sent by post71law suit—legal prosecution2dispute—argument or controversy3remedy—method of putting right something that is wrong4amendment—修正changes made to something5Incoterms—a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms6present—submit7premise—a tract of land including its buildings8heading—category9classification—the arrangement of things by groups10carriage—the price or cost of transportation81business line—goods dealt in by a company2voluntary offer—an offer made on the initiative of the offerer3contract—an agreement setting forth the binding obligations of the relevant parties 4indispensable—absolutely necessary5contract proper—the main body of a contract6contracting parties—signatories of an agreement7force majeure—[不可抗力]social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party8purchase contract—a contract made by the buyer9firm offer—an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offer10offeree—受要约人the party to whom an offer is made91.popular—liked and admired2.hyperinflation—恶性通货膨胀soaring of prices beyond control3.inflation—通货膨胀rise in prices brought about by the excess demand,expansion of money supply,credit etc.4.protectionism—贸易保护主义the theory of the system of developing home countries through duties and other means imposed oncompetitive imports5.bilateral—双边的of two sides6.bundling—捆绑式销售the exchange of goods or services are tied together7.expertise—expert skill or knowledge8.creditors—a person to whom one owns money9.transferable—possible to be handed over10.verified data—authentic materials101.debtor—a person who owes money2.default—fail to carry out an obligation3.dubious—doubtful,uncertain,questionable4.draft—an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of money5.remittance—the sending of money or the money sent6.fluctuation—irregular movement of(prices,exchange rates etc.)7.drawer—the person who issues a draft,usually the exporter8.sound—financially satisfactory9.ban—prohibit,forbid10.drawee—付款人the person to whom a draft is drawn111.credit-worthiness—being believed or accepted by others as reliable in making payment2.substantial—large,great,considerable3.constitute—make up;amount to;form4.applicant of an L/C—the importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C5.beneficiary—受益人the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export6.discrepancy—difference;absence of agreement7.confirming bank—the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C8.bill of exchange—written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of payment9.underlying—forming the basis of10.reimburse—退款pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent121.clean credit—a credit that does not require shipping documents for payment2.cancel—not to do something that has been arranged or decided upon3.leading bank—major bank,most important bank4.impeccable—faultless5.insolvent—无力偿还的unable to pay debts6.sight credit—a credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft7.maturity—becoming due8.after sight—after presentation of draft9.middleman—中间商trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer10.sustain—suffer131.documentation—the presentation and use of shipping documents2.consignee—the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped3.shipping marks—what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol for identification in the course of transportation4.discrepancy—absence of agreement5.liability—what one is responsible for according to law6.apparent—according to appearance;seeming7.insurance policy—a document used for covering possible risks8.discount—amount of money that may be taken off the full amount9.title—right to the possession of a position or property10.invoice—a document for the general description of the goods and the price141alternative—a choice from two or more possibilities.2modes—different forms of transportation3fundamental—very important4ownership—legal right of possession5intermediate products—semi-manufactures6commercial intercourse—business dealings between individuals or firms7unload—getting goods off a carrier8package—combination of related parts or elements accepted or rejected as a single unit 9distribution—the marketing,transporting,merchandising,and selling of any item10destination—the terminal to which goods are sent151insured—a person covered by an insurance policy2premium—the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract3potential loss—loss which is possible to incur4viability—ability to succeed in operation5claim—a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy6margin—amount above what is estimated as necessary7underwriter—a person who carries on insurance as a business8consumption—the using up of goods and services having an exchangeable advantage 9compensation—something given or received as an equivalent for loss10pooling—a combination of funds formed for common advantage161field—a sphere of activity2incidence—occurrence3multi-modal transportation—transport that combines road,rail,sea and air4diminish—the right to collect from an endorser a payment of loss5indemnity—compensation for loss6subrogate—to substitute a claim against one person for a claim against another person 7legal action—an action taken against someone in accordance with the law8leader—an insurer who is well-known in a particular class of business9deposit—money paid as part payment that is owned10compulsory—that must be done171peg—to keep fixed or unchanged2redeem—to repay or pay off,esp.loan stock,debentures and preference shares or stock3settlement—the act of paying a bill,debt,charge,etc4exchange rate—the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency5fluctuations—upward and downward movements in the economic system6gold reserves—the stock of gold coin and bullion held by a note-issuing bank in a country on the gold standard.7money circulation—money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services8devaluation—the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies9offset—to set one value against another or as equal to another10par—equal in value,on the same level181affiliate—a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part by another concern2institutions—an organization or establishment devoted to the promotion of a particular object3productivity—power of being productive4loans—something lent on condition of being returned,especially a sum of money lent at interest5prerequisite—required as a condition for something else6cyclical—recurring in cycles7maturity—the time when a note or bill of exchange or a loan becomes due8reserve—money held aside to meet future demand9investment—the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns10stringent—strict,that must be obeyed191quota—a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity2VER—an agreement by a country’s exporters or government to limit their exports or government to limit their exports to another country3acquisition—company expansion through the phrase of other business4synergy—benefits from combining different business,normally claimed by the promoters of mergers5rebate—reduce6intellectual property—certain non-tangible assets held,principally covering the areas of patent protection,registered trade marks and designs,and copy-right7tax holiday—a period of time during which tax is not levied8return—the gain from an investment,either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment9access—a way by which a place,esp.property,can be reached or entered or used10joint venture—a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms201market place—a place in which securities are sold and bought2securities—stocks and bonds3gilts—stocks issued by government4information—knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance5qualifications—competence6membership—the state of being a member of a certain organization7practitioner—a person engaged in the practice of a profession or occupation8cost-effective—producing optimum results for the expenditure9shortfall—deficiency10equities—company stocks211ratify—make an arrangement or a treaty officially valid by signing it.2controversy—public argument about sth.which many people disagree with3biennial—happening every alternate year4clout—influence5anti-dumping—one form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industries from unfair competition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured6mandate—authority given to perform a duty7stillborn—(of a child)dead at birth;(of an idea or a plan)not developing further8contracting party—a country or firm that signs a legal agreement9akin to—similar,related to10optimal—best or most favorable221terms of trade—the relation of export and import prices2preference—a practical advantage given to one over others3export earnings—money earned on the sales of goods to other countries4provisions—a formal or explicit statement of conditions demanded5tariffs—customs duties imposed by a government on imports or exports6invisible—trade in services7board—an official group of persons who direct or supervise some activities of a firm 8permanent—lasting9counterpart—a person or thing that closely resembles another in position or function 10forum—an outlet for discussion of matters of interest to a given group。
4月全国自考国际商务英语试题及答案解析
全国2018年4月自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%）1. customs area2. roll on-roll off traffic3. amendment4. gold standard5. gilt-edged stocks6. compound duties7. discount rate8. certificate of quality9. national treatment10. cost economiesⅡ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English（10%）11．世界银行12. 互利贸易13. 保兑信用证14. 装船通知15. 增值税16. 追溯到17. 原产地港口18. 货物保险19. 商品交易会20. 目的地Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right（10%）21. integration a. the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns22. voluntary offer b. connecting with the sea or navigation123. draft c. producing optimum results for the expenditure24. viability d. combining into a whole25. investment e. a person or an organization etc. that receives something26. export earnings f. the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract27. maritime g. an offer made on the initiative of the offerer28. premium h. money earned on the sale of goods to other countries29. cost-effective i. ability to succeed in operation30. recipient j. an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of moneyⅣ. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English （10%）31. absolute advantage32. irrevocable credit33. indemnity34. green field strategy35. APECⅤ. Answer the following questions in English（20%）36. Why is it necessary to revise Incoterms in 1990?37. Why was the Special Drawing Right created?38. What contents should be included in a firm offer?39. What does international business refer to?Ⅵ. Translate the following into Chinese （15%）40. In insurance of all risks, the insurer is responsible for total or partial loss or damage to the insured goods arising from natural elements or from sea perils, including all losses caused by accidents to the carrying vessels or craft or by any external causes. But it does not, as its name suggests, really cover all risks.41. The term Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world, the United States, the European Union and Japan that offer the most important business opportunities. Any international enterprise must bear Triad in mind if they want to be successful in the increasingly competitive world market.Ⅶ. Translate the following into English（25%）242.在正常的市场交易中，由于使用货币及市场手段，货物的买与卖是分别进行的。
自考国际商务英语05844重点7-22
E: EXW F: FCA, FAS, FOB C: CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP D: DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU, DDP
What are the four different categories of terms in Incoterms 2000? In Incoterms 2000, the terms have been grouped in four basically different categories: Group E (departure), Group F (Main carriage unpaid), Group C (Main carriage paid) and Group D (Arrival).
The settling of a contract合同的构成 The title The contract proper
The name and address of the buyer and the seller The details of the commodity transaction The terms and conditions mutually agreed
The reasons for the 2000 revision of Incoterms
Spread of customs-free zones无关税区的发
展 Changes in transportation practices运输方式 的变化 Increased use of electronic communication 电子通讯使用的增加
Lesson 9 modes of trade
自考国际商务英语05844必背商务术语
商务术语1 ………………customs area关税区conversion货币兑换visible trade有形贸易invisible trade无形贸易gross domestic product国内生产总值FDI外国直接投资portfolio investment证券投资stocks股票bonds债券maturity到期certificate of deposit大额存单licensing许可经营franchising特许经营trade mark商标patent专利royalty专利利用费copyright版权management contract治理合同licenser给予许可的人licensee同意许可的人franchiser给予特许的人franchisee同意特许的人value chain价值链turnkey project交钥匙工程BOT建设、经营、移交（Build,Operate,Transfer）2 ………………gross national product (GNP)国民生产总值gross domestic product(GDP)国内生产总值national income国民收入per capita income人均收入per capita GDP人均GDPPPP购买力平价consumerism消费主义income distribution收入散布infrastructure基础设施staple goods大路货invoice开发票creditor country债权国3 ………………economic integration经济一体化free trade area自由贸易区customs union关税同盟tariff rates关税税率settlement结算North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)北美自由贸易协定common market一起市场banknotes circulation货币流通cartel联盟Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)亚太经贸合作组织European Commission欧盟委员会council of ministers部长理事会Dual-Ministerial Meeting双部长会议4 ………………share holders股东economic globalization经济全世界化board of directors董事会inputs投入economic environment经济环境parent company母公司affiliate附属机构day-to-day running日常治理multinational corporation (enterprise)跨国公司home country祖国host country东道国5 ………………services劳务primary commodities低级产品specialization专业化absolute advantage绝对利益comparative advantage比较利益capital资本land and labor土地和劳动6 ………………tariff关税quota配额customs area关税区customs union关税联盟import duties入口关税export duties出口关税ad valorem duty从价税specific duty从量税compound duties混合关税drawback退税most-favored-nation (MFN)最惠国tariff schedule税率表non-tariff barrier非关税壁垒visible trade有形贸易invisible trade无形贸易7 ………………deal交易trade terms贸易术语trading practices贸易老例negotiable可转让的EDI电子数据互换Electronic Data Interchange customs clearance结关dispatch发送发货International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)国际商会roll on-roll off traffic滚装滚卸的Incoterms国际贸易术语negotiable transport document可转让装运单据FOB装运港船上交货CFR本钱加运费CIF本钱、保险费加运费EXW工厂交货FCA货交承运人FAS装运港船边交货CPT运费付至CIP运费、保险费付至DAF边境交货DES目的港船上交货DEQ目的港码头交货DDU未完税后交货DDP完税后交货8 ………………inquiry询盘quotation报价validity period有效期offer出价counter offer还盘offeree收盘人sales (purchase) contract销售（购货）合同sales (purchase) confirmation售货（购货）确认书consignment寄售contracting parties缔约方force majeure不可抗力arbitration仲裁business line业务范围contract proper合同正文article number货号9 ………………counter trade对销贸易hyperinflation极度通货膨胀Reichsbank德国国家银行cross-border contract进出口合同protectionism贸易爱惜主义financial market金融市场clearing system清算系统net positions实际头寸compensation trade补偿贸易trade credit accounts贸易信贷往来账户barter易货贸易counter purchase反向购买，互购buyback贺岁交易vertical垂直centrally planned economies中央打算经济competitive devaluation竞争性贬值Volkswagen公共汽车公司Xerox Corporation施乐公司processing trade加工贸易consignment寄售leasing trade租赁贸易auction拍卖agency代理10 ………………debtor 债务人debit借方financial standing账务状况credit worthiness资信靠得住状况periodic payments分时期付款cash in advance预付现金open account记账交易draft (bill of exchange)汇票drawer 出票人drawee受票人payee受款人usance draft （tenor draft ,term draft）远期汇票documentary draft跟单汇票clean draft光票documentary collection跟单托收documents against payment (D/P)付款交单documents against acceptance (D/P)承兑交单11 ………………applicant开证申请人opening bank开证银行beneficiary受益人correspondent bank关系行，往来行advising bank通知行amendment修改confirming bank保况行reimburse付款unit price单价partial shipment分批装运transshipment 转船the uniform customs and practice of documentary credits跟单信誉证统一老例in favor of支持the carrying vessel装运船只12 ………………clean credit光票信誉证non-trade settlement非贸易结算revocable credit可撤销信誉证irrevocable credit不可撤销信誉证maturity到期confirmed credit保兑信誉证leading bank要紧银行sight credit即期信誉证usance credit远期信誉证capital turnover资金周转face value面值transferable credit可转让信誉证non-transferable credit不可转让信誉证non-draft credit无汇票信誉证discount贴现率deferred payment推延付款revolving credit循环信誉证insolvent无支付能力的13 ………………documents单据take delivery of提（货）commission佣金discount折扣shipping marks唛头bill of lading提单carrier 承运人shipper托运人，货主consignor托运人carriage运输consignee收货人notify party被通知人payable应支付的airway bill空运提单insurance policy (certificate)保险单cargo receipt铁路运单commercial invoice商业发票legal holder合法持有人insurance certificate保险凭证customs invoice海关发票consular invoice领事发票consular visa领事签证shipping advice装船通知certificate of quality品质证书certificate of weight重量证书certificate of quantity数量证书certificate of health健康证书certificate of disinfection消毒证书certificate of origin原产地证书veterinary certificate兽医证书14 ………………documentation文件finished products制成品deregulation解除操纵productivity生产率cost economies节约本钱intermediate products中间产品natural product province产品自然领域inventory存货，库存logistics物流just-in-time inventory system零库存common carrier公共承运人contract carrier 契约承运人private carrier自有承运人15 ………………insured 被保险人insurer承保人claim索赔client顾客margin保证金draw提取，支取jeopardy风险literature文学，高作underwriter保险公司known premium已知的保险费pool统筹的资金cargo insurance货物保险marine insurance海上保险16 ………………port of origin原产地口岸，始发港voidable能够取消的indemnity损失补偿ruin损坏，破坏insurable interest可保险权益terms of sale价钱条件all risks全险principle of utmost good faith最大诚信原那么subrogation取代contribution捐献proximate cause of the loss致使损失的直接缘故forwarding charges交货费用free from particular average单独海损不赔with particular average单独海损补偿17 ………………exchange rate汇率gold standard金本位制peg挂钩，钉住par value平价reserve currency储蓄货币clean float清洁浮动dirty float龌龊浮动discount贴现idle funds游资direct quote直接标价indirect quote间接标价buying rate买入价selling rate卖出价medial rate中间价18 ………………financial resources资金finance提供资金earnings收益private sector私营经济balance of payments国际收支equity investment股权投资grace period优惠期capital infrastructure大体设施资金World Bank Group世界银行集团International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)国际振兴开发银行International Development Association （IDA）国际开发协会International Finance Corporation (IFC)国际金融公司Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)多边投资担保机构19 ………………returns收益customer mobility客户流动inventory存货tax holiday免税期greenfield strategy绿地战略acquisition并购joint venture合伙企业20 ………………investor 投资者securities有价证券finance资金equities股票broker经纪人jobber股票生意经纪人hedge爱惜，防御shortfall亏空shock exchange证券交易所long-term capital长期资本secondary capital market二级资本市场primary capital raising对新发行的有价证券的筹措活动market floor交易场地market maker市场庄家listed market挂牌证券交易市场income tax所得税gilt-edged stocks/securities金边证券options期权cost-effective合算的public sector borrowing requirement公共部门融资缺口books预订value added tax (VAT)增值税institutional investors事业机构投资商21 ………………most-favored nation clause最惠国条款generalized system of preferences普惠制non-discriminate非歧视的contracting party缔约方tariff quota关税配额trade-related贸易相关standard of living生活水平full employment充分就业tariff concession关税减让Uruguay Round乌拉圭回合谈判counter-veiling measures反补助方法anti-dumping反倾销national treatment国民待遇22 ………………escape clauses免责条款United Nations General Assembly联合国大会invisibles无形的non-discrimination principle (principle of non-discrimination treatment)非歧视性原那么terms of trade贸易条件new international economic order国际经济新秩序differential treatment区别对待preferential customs tariffs特惠税transfer of technology技术转让。
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Unit 1: P7Transaction 交易customs area 关税区in compliance with 遵从；遵照conversion 货币兑换visible trade 有形贸易resale 转售gross domestic product国内生产总值invisible trade 无形贸易for short 缩写为account for 占…比例headquarters 总部trap 陷阱，圈套portfolio investment 证券投资stocks 股票bonds 债券maturity （票据等）到期，到期日certificate of deposit 大额存单licensing许可经营franchising 特许经营trademark 商标advisable 可行的；适当的patent 专利royalty 专利使用费；版税copyright 版税licensor 给予许可的人licensee 接受许可的人franchiser 给予特许的人franchisee 接受特许的人logo 标志；标记management contract 管理合同expertise 专门知识bonus 红利；津贴；奖金flat 一律的，无变动的value chain 价值链contract manufacturing 承包工程turnkey project “交钥匙”工程BOT（Build，Operate，Transfer）建设、经营、移交stand for 代表；表示variant 变形/体Unit 2: P23potential 潜力clue 线索national income 国民收入GNP 国民生产总值per capita income 人均收入bulk 大量的；大宗的PPP 购买力平价consumerism 消费，消费主义income distribution 收入分布Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织infra structure 基础设施Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体staple goods 大路货tap 开发hemisphere 半球observation（经观察而得到的）看法haven 避风港；安全之地spur 促进；刺激creditor country 债权国proximity 临近ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟Unit 3：P40witness 亲历，见证economic integration 经济一体化liberalize 使自由put up barriers 设置障碍fall under分成几部分free trade area自由贸易区tariff rates 关税税率NAFTA北美自由贸易协定customs union 关税同盟detour 迂回；绕行common market 共同市场adoption 使用，采用euro 欧元erode 侵蚀；损害autonomy 自治；自主sovereign state 主权国家political entity 政治实体set the stage of 为、、、做准备；促成monumental 重要的，有纪念意义的landmark 地标；里程碑signatory 签字国；签字人settlement 结算banknotes 纸币；钞票circulation货币流通executive body 行政机构，执行机构European Commission欧盟委员会veto 否决commissioner 委员，特派员，专员council of ministers 部长理事会empower 授予权力multi-polarization 多极化tenet 原则；宗旨Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议cartel 卡特尔，联盟OPEC 石油输出国组织Unit4：P57globalization 全球化frequency 频繁，频率interactive 相互作用的element 要素；组成成分；元素value 价值观acclaim 欢呼；欢迎；喝彩adverse 不利的；反对的controversial 引起争议的instrumental 有作用的internationalization 国际化facilities 设施；设备；工具label 把称为；把归类employ 用；使用assets 资产incorporate 吸收；合并purport 声称；自称headquarters 总部international economic environment国际经济环境double digit 两位数字survival 继续生存embark（on）开始；从事gigantic 庞大的；巨大的intervene 干预；干涉technical improvements 技术进步derivation 获得day-to-day running 日常管理decentralize 分散；放下（权利）wield 操控；控制jurisdiction 权利；管理范围vehicle 工具；手段delegate power to…对、、、授权affiliate 分支机构；附属机构mover 原动力，推动力Unit5：P71define 下定义services 劳务distribution 分布natural resources 自然资源abundant 丰富的scarce缺少，缺乏primary commodities 初级产品incentive 刺激specialization 专业化constitute 构成，形成remainder 剩余的，余数hold 认为in terms of 在…方面illustrate 说明table 表格，图表assume 假设efficient 有效的，效率高的occur 发生，产生law 规则，法则even if 即使disadvantage 不利with respect to 关于exploit 利用，开发static 静止的endowment of nature 自然的赋予up-to-date 现代的，新式的intuitive 直觉的，直观的appeal 吸引力absolute advantage 绝对利益comparative advantage 比较利益Unit6：P84strategic 战略的reduce 减少bulky 笨重的，庞大的perishable 易碎的protectionist 保护主义的barrier障碍typical 典型的tariffs 关税quota 配额levy 征收，收取coincide 巧合；偶合customs union 关税联盟import duties 进口关税export duties 出口关税ad valorem 按价；从价specific 从量的compound duties 复税，混合关税drawback 退税refund 偿还；退还most-favoured-nation（MFN）treatment 最惠国待遇signatory 签字国concession让步tariff schedule 税率表；税则non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒impose 加强unilaterally 单方面地label 标签，标记，标号voluntary 自动的，主动的forthcoming 即将到来的meaning of transport 运输工具inland water vessels 内河船只maritime 海洋的，与海有关的cargo compartment 货仓charter租fleet 舰队insurance保险vulnerable 脆弱的collision 碰撞pilferage 偷窃explosion 爆炸place of historical interest 古迹accommodations 膳宿供应immigrant 移民remittance 汇款undertake 承担Unit7：P84climate 环境气氛；风气degenerate 变坏；衰退deal 交易draw up 制定；拟就respective 各自的；分别的subsequent 随后的，后来的interpretation 解释；说明trade terms 贸易术语；交易条件trading practices 贸易惯例litigation 诉讼，诉争entail 使人承担；使成为必要amendment 修正案；修正条款addition 增加部分revise 修正；修改unitization 使成为一个单位maritime 海的；海上的consolidate 统一，合并render使得；使成为negotiable 可转让的；可流通的vital 极其重要的，必不可少的whereby 凭借那个，借以premises 生产场所；经营场所disposal 处理；解决departure 离开，启程，出发quay 码头substantive 实质性的Unit8：P116set forth 陈述；阐明binding 有约束力的enforceable可实施的sue起诉trade fairs 商品交易会trunk call 长途电话enquiry 询盘；询价quotation 报价voluntarily 主动地，自愿地indispensable 必不可少的validity period 有效期offer还盘unbinding 无约束力的invalid 无效的sales contract 销售合同sales （purchase）confirmation 售货（购货）确认书setting up 构成，结构，格式consignment 寄售contracting parties 缔约方force majeure不可抗力arbitration 仲裁cotton piece good 棉布cotton yarns 棉纱hereby 于此hereunder 于下article number 货号yard 码overleaf 反面bleached 漂白的Unit9：P127counter trade 对销贸易；反对贸易allegedly被说成；据说phenomenon 现象terminology 术语generic 总称的net positions 实际寸头adduce 引证empirical 以经验为根据的reciprocal 互惠的；互相的hyperinflation极度通货膨胀literally 照字地，逐字地disarray 混乱conceptually 概念上地European Payment Union 欧洲支付联盟competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值pre-specify 预先说明in essence 实质上的intertemporal 不同时的be tied to 固定于photocopying machine 复印机intriguing引起兴趣的，有迷惑力的concurrently 同时发生的 a fraction of一点儿；一部分verify 一部分sophisticated 经验丰富的bypass 避开；置、、、于不顾expertise 专门知识leverage 杠杆作用tap 开发；开辟conceal 掩盖；隐藏perpetuate 使永久存在processing trade 加工贸易consignment 寄售leasing 租赁agency 代理Unit10：P141domestic 国内的status 状况remittance 汇款debtor 债务人debit 借方；记入借方的款financial standing 财务状况default 违约；不履行职责ban禁止fluctuation波动hesitant 犹豫，不情愿dubious 可疑integrity 正直；诚实periodic payment 分期付款cash in advance 预付现金draft 汇票（bill of exchange）drawer 出票人drawee 受票人payee受款人usance draft（tenor draft，term draft）远期汇票documentary draft 跟单汇票clean draft 光票bill of lading 提单title to the goods 货物所有权insurance policy 保险单documentary collection 跟单托收documents against payment （D/P）付款交单documents against acceptance（D/A）承兑交单sound 健全；良好with discretion 慎重地；审慎地Unit11：P154release 放开gain control over 得到对…的控制objective 目的，目标impeccable 无缺点的bilateral 双边的credit-worthiness 资信unique 独特的security 安全，保障presentation 呈交；提示undertaking 承担applicant 开证申请人opening bank 开证银行beneficiary 受益人correspondent bank 往来行；关系行advising bank 通知行amendment 修改discrepancy 不符confirming bank 保兑行reimburse 付款nominate 指定insufficient 不足的submit提交stipulation 规定expire 满期；到期unit price 单价partial shipment 分批装运transshipment 转船seal 印章underlying作为基础的obligation 责任，义务ultimately 最终Unit12：P167category 种类fall under 归为…类mechanism 机制clean credit 光票信用证non-trade settlement非贸易结算revocable credit 可撤销信用证irrevocable credit 不可撤销信用证certainty 确定程度，肯定程度alter 改变commitment 承担的责任cancel 取消，作废consult with 与、、、协商revoke 撤销consent 同意extensively 广泛地indication 指明，表明confirmed credit 保兑信用证leading bank 主要银行double assurance 双重保障involve 牵涉；涉及sight credit 即期信用证usance credit 远期信用证impeccable 正确无误的capital turnover 资金周转maturity 到期discount 贴现face value 面值transferable credit 可转让信用证non-transferable credit 不可转让信用证middleman 中间人non-draft credit 无汇票信用证deferred payment 推迟付款revolving credit 循环信用证renew 恢复reinstate 使复原contracting parties 合同各方，缔约各方sustain 遭受，蒙受insolvent 无支付能力的bankrupt 破产的Unit13：P180documents 单据take delivery of 提（货）delay 延误，迟延discrepancy 不符conformity 一致，相符description 描述commission 佣金discount 折扣shipping marks 唛头seal 印章；图章signature 签字comply with 符合in general terms 用概括性的词语，用一般性词语表达exceed 超过memos 备忘录，便笺bill of lading 提单carrier 承运人shipper 货主，托运人carriage 运输consignee 收货人notify party 被通知人payable 应支付的，可支付的devoid of 没有，缺少liability 责任；义务airway bill 空运提单cargo receipt 铁路运单，货运收据insurance policy 保险单function 功能；作用the insured 被保险人currency 货币settle 清算；结算Unit14：P193fundamental 极其重要的efficiency 效率primitive 原始的in a broad sense 从广义上讲grocery 食品；杂货distinct 与其他明显不同的；独特的natural product provinces 产品自然领域urgency 紧迫；急迫perform 执行；完成carrier 承运人。