医学英语学术文章写作
医学学术英语u1tb文章
医学学术英语u1tb文章In 1955, during the dawn of the modern era of randomized clinical trials, Thomas Chalmers and his colleagues published a remarkable paper.1 It was then and probably remains one of the most detailed reports of clinical trials ever published: it begins with a Table of Contents and runs on to a further 71 pages of small type. It is a model of how randomized trials should be reported, reflecting Marc Daniels' call for better reporting of clinical trials five years earlier,2 and anticipating by over four decades the reporting standards agreed and promulgated by the CONSORT Group.3Tom Chalmers and his colleagues described the eligibility criteria of participants clearly, and their random allocation (with concealment of the next participant's assignment) into th eir 2?×?2 factorial trials,4 thus permitting comparisons of two regimens per trial. The similarity between treatment groups in respect of 34 other variables that might affect patient prognosis was confirmed. Experimental and control regimens were precisely defined, and compliance with them was closely monitored and reinforced. All patients were accounted for at the end of the trials. Analyses were clearly described and transparent. The ‘external validity’ of the trial results was tested by comparison with another, independent control group of patients. Finally, late effects of the treatment regimens were assessed in a 10-year follow-up study.I first came across this report in 1959. Although I failed to appreciate many of its methodological strategies and strengths at that time, it changed my career. I was a final-year medical student on a medical ward, where a teenager with ‘infectioushepatitis’ (now called ‘Type-A hepatitis’) was admitted to my care. He presented with severe malaise, an enlarged and tender liver, and a colourful demonstration of deranged bilirubin metabolism that made me the envy of my fellow clerks. However, after a few days of total bed rest his spirits and energy returned and he asked me to let him get up and around.In the 1950s, ever yb ody ‘knew’ that such patients, if they were to avoid permanent liver damage, must be kept at bed rest until their enlarged liver receded and their bilirubin and enzymes returned to normal. And if, after getting up and around, their enzymes rose again, back to bed they went. This conventional wisdom formed the basis for daily confrontations between an increasingly restless and resentful patient and an increasingly adamant and doom-predicting clinical clerk.We clinical clerks were expected to read material relevant to the care of our patients. I wanted to understand (for both of us) how letting him out of bed would exacerbate his pathophysiology. After exhausting several unhelpful texts, I turned to the journals. PubMed was decades away, and the National Library of Medicine hadn't yet begun to help the Armed Forces Medical Library with its Current List of the Medical Literature. Nonetheless, it directed me to a citation in the Journal of Clinical Investigation (back in the days when it was a real clinical j ou rnal) for: ‘The treatment of acute infectious hepatitis. Controlled studies of the effects of diet, rest, and physical reconditioning on the acute course of the disease and on the incidence of relapses and residual abnormalities.’1 Reading this paper not only changed my treatment plan for my patient, it forever changed my attitude toward conventional wisdom, uncovered my latent iconoclasm, and inaugurated my career inwhat I later labelled ‘clinical epidemiology’.The paper introduced me to Tom Chalmers, who quickly became my hero and, a decade later, my friend. Tom was a US Army gastroenterologist in the Korean War, and had become involved ina major outbreak of ‘infectious’ hepatitis among American recruits. The application of conventional wisdom on enforced bed rest was keeping affected soldiers in hospital for about two months and requiring another month's convalescence. Tom wrote: ‘This drain on military manpower, along with more recent [short-term metabolic] observations suggesting that strict bed rest might not be as essential as heretofore thought, emphasized the need for a controlled study to determine the safety of a more liberal regimen of rest and less prolonged hospitalization’.Employing what I increasingly came to recognize as ‘elegant simplicity’, Tom and his colleagues allocated soldiers who met pre-defined hepatitis criteria at random either to bed rest (continuously in bed, save for one trip daily to the bathroom and one trip to the shower weekly), or to be up and about as much as the patients wanted (with no effort made to control their activity save 1-hour rests after meals) throughout their hospital stay. The time to recovery (as judged by liver function testing) was indistinguishable between the comparison groups, and no recurrent jaundice was observed.Armed with this evidence, I convinced my supervisors to let me apologize to my patient and let him be up and about as much as he wished. He did, and his clinical course was uneventful.My subsequent ‘clinical course’ was far from uneventful. I became a ‘trouble-maker’, constantly questioning conventional therapeutic wisdom, and offending especially thesubspecialists when they pontificated (I thought) about how I ought to be treating my patients. I had a stormy time in obstetrics, where I questioned why patients with severe pre-eclampsia received intravenous morphine until their respirations fell below 12 per minute. I gained unfavourable notoriety on the medical ward, where I challenged a consultant's recommendation that I should ignore my patient's diastolic blood pressure of 125 mmHg ‘because it was essential for his brain perfusion’. And I deeply offended a professor of paediatrics by publicly correcting him on the number of human chromosomes (they had fallen from 48 to 46 the previous month!).Tom Chalmers, along with Ed Fries (who answered the question about whether diastolic blood pressure should be ignored) and Archie Cochrane, became my role models. Ten years after I discharged my hepatitis patient, armed with some book-learning and blessed with brilliant colleagues, I began to emulate these mentors by converting my passive skepticism into active inquiry, addressing such questions as: Why do you have to be a physician in order to provide first-contact primary care?5 Are the ‘experts’ corr ect that teaching people with raised blood pressure all about their illness really makes them more likely to take their medicine?6 Just because the aorto-coronary arterial bypass is good for ischaemic hearts, should we accept claims that extracranial–intracranial arterial bypass is good for ischaemic brains?7In the year that the paper by T om Chalmers and his colleagues was published, there were only 347 reports of randomized trials. Half a century later, about 50,000 reports of randomized trials were being published every year, with the total number of trial reports by then exceeding half amillion. I am proud to have contributed to this development, to the skepticism that drives it, and to the better informed treatment decisions and choices which have been made possible as a result.。
医学学术英语演讲稿范文
Ladies and gentlemen,Good morning/afternoon. It is a great pleasure to stand before you today to discuss a topic that is not only shaping the future of healthcare but also holds the potential to revolutionize the way we approach medical treatment and patient care. The topic of my presentation is "The Future of Personalized Medicine: Revolutionizing Healthcare through Genomics and Biotechnology."Introduction(100 words)Personalized medicine, also known as precision medicine, has emerged as a transformative approach in the field of healthcare. It is based on the principle that individual variability in genes, environment, andlifestyle contributes to disease. By integrating genetic informationinto patient care, personalized medicine aims to deliver treatments tailored to each individual's unique characteristics. This presentation will explore the advancements in genomics and biotechnology that are paving the way for this revolutionary shift in healthcare.I. The Rise of Personalized Medicine(200 words)The concept of personalized medicine has been evolving over the past few decades. The Human Genome Project, completed in 2003, provided a foundational understanding of the human genome and its role in health and disease. This project has been instrumental in the development of various genomic technologies that have made it possible to analyze genetic variations on a massive scale. Consequently, the cost of genetic sequencing has decreased exponentially, making it more accessible for clinical use.II. The Role of Genomics in Personalized Medicine(300 words)Genomics plays a pivotal role in personalized medicine by providing insights into the genetic basis of diseases. Through genetic testing, healthcare providers can identify specific genetic mutations that are associated with certain conditions, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and rare genetic disorders. This information allows for the development of targeted therapies that can be more effective and less toxic than traditional treatments.A. Genetic Testing and Risk AssessmentGenetic testing can help identify individuals who are at increased risk of developing certain diseases, allowing for early intervention and lifestyle modifications. For example, mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. By identifying these mutations early, patients can undergo more frequent screening or opt for preventive measures like prophylactic mastectomy.B. Targeted TherapiesTargeted therapies are designed to specifically target the molecular pathways that are disrupted in cancer and other diseases. By inhibiting these pathways, these treatments can effectively kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells. The success of targeted therapies, such as imatinib (Gleevec) for chronic myeloid leukemia, has demonstrated the potential of personalized medicine in improving patient outcomes.III. Biotechnology: A Catalyst for Personalized Medicine(300 words)Biotechnology has been a driving force behind the advancements in personalized medicine. Various biotechnological tools and techniques have been developed to study genetic variations, analyze biological processes, and produce therapeutic agents.A. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)Next-generation sequencing has revolutionized the field of genomics by enabling the rapid and cost-effective analysis of entire genomes. NGShas made it possible to identify genetic mutations in patients with rare genetic disorders and has facilitated the development of precision medicine protocols.B. CRISPR-Cas9 and Gene EditingThe CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology has opened new avenues for personalized medicine by allowing scientists to make precise modifications to the genome. This technology has the potential tocorrect genetic mutations that cause disease, offering hope for the treatment of inherited disorders.C. Therapeutic Proteins and AntibodiesBiotechnology has also enabled the production of therapeutic proteins and antibodies that can be tailored to target specific disease pathways. These treatments have shown remarkable success in cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases.IV. Challenges and Future Directions(200 words)While personalized medicine holds immense promise, it also faces several challenges. The high cost of genetic testing and targeted therapies remains a significant barrier to widespread adoption. Additionally, the complexity of interpreting genetic data and ensuring data privacy are critical issues that need to be addressed.Future directions for personalized medicine include:1. Advancements in bioinformatics to better analyze and interpret genetic data.2. Development of affordable and accessible genetic testing platforms.3. Integration of precision medicine into healthcare delivery systems.4. Public-private partnerships to accelerate research and development in personalized medicine.Conclusion(100 words)In conclusion, personalized medicine represents a paradigm shift in healthcare that has the potential to transform the way we diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases. The integration of genomics and biotechnology has laid the groundwork for this revolution. By addressing the challenges and embracing the opportunities, we can move closer to a future where healthcare is truly personalized, improving patient outcomes and enhancing the quality of life.Thank you for your attention, and I am now open to any questions you may have.[End of speech]。
医学英文短文范文
医学英文短文范文As a doctor, I often encounter various medical conditions in my practice. One of the most common issues I see is high blood pressure, also known as hypertension. Hypertension is a condition where the force of the blood against the artery walls is consistently too high.There are many factors that can contribute to high blood pressure, including genetics, diet, lifestyle, and stress. It's important for patients to understand the risks associated with high blood pressure and to take steps to manage their condition.In terms of treatment, lifestyle changes are often the first line of defense. This can include maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, reducing sodium intake, and limiting alcohol consumption. In some cases, medication may also be prescribed to help lower blood pressure.It's important for patients to monitor their blood pressure regularly and to work closely with their healthcare provider to manage their condition. Untreated high blood pressure can lead to serious health issues, such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems.In my practice, I work with patients to develop personalized treatment plans that take into account their unique medical history and lifestyle. By taking a holistic approach to managing high blood pressure, we can help patients reduce their risk of complications and improve their overall health.作为一名医生，我经常在我的实践中遇到各种各样的医疗情况。
医学英语文献关于写作方法
医学英语文献关于写作方法As per your request, I will provide a response in English first and then in Chinese.Writing a medical research paper requires a structured approach to ensure clarity and conciseness. Here are some key steps to consider when writing a medical paper:1. Choose a clear and concise title: The title should accurately reflect the content of the paper and be easily understood by the intended audience.2. Structure the paper: A typical medical research paper includes an abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. Each section should be clearly defined and logically organized.3. Use clear and precise language: Medical writing should be free of ambiguity and jargon. Use clear and concise language to convey your findings and conclusions.4. Cite relevant literature: It's important to support your research with relevant literature. Make sure to properly cite all sources and provide a comprehensive literature review.5. Use tables and figures: Visual aids such as tablesand figures can help to present complex data in a clear and concise manner. Make sure to properly label and referenceall visual aids.6. Revise and proofread: Before submitting your paper, carefully review and revise the content for clarity, coherence, and accuracy. It's also important to proofreadfor grammar and spelling errors.医学研究论文的写作需要有条理的方法，以确保清晰和简洁。
医学英文作文模板
医学英文作文模板1. In my opinion, one of the most important aspects of medicine is the ability to provide compassionate care to patients. This means treating each patient as an individual and understanding their unique needs and concerns. It also involves taking the time to listen to their stories and experiences, and showing empathy and understanding. Compassionate care is not just about treating the physical symptoms of a disease, but also about addressing the emotional and psychological aspects of a patient's well-being.2. Another important aspect of medicine is the continuous pursuit of knowledge and the commitment tostaying up-to-date with the latest research and advancements in the field. Medicine is constantly evolving, and it is crucial for healthcare professionals to keep learning and growing in order to provide the best possible care to their patients. This involves attending conferences, reading medical journals, and participating in continuingeducation programs. By staying informed and knowledgeable, healthcare professionals can make informed decisions and provide evidence-based care.3. Effective communication is also a key component of medicine. It is important for healthcare professionals to be able to communicate clearly and effectively with their patients, as well as with other members of the healthcare team. This includes explaining medical conditions and treatment options in a way that patients can understand, and actively listening to their concerns and questions. Good communication skills also help to build trust and rapport with patients, which is essential for a successful doctor-patient relationship.4. The ability to work well in a team is another important skill in medicine. Healthcare is a collaborative field, and healthcare professionals often work together in multidisciplinary teams to provide comprehensive care to patients. This requires effective teamwork and communication, as well as the ability to collaborate and coordinate care with other healthcare professionals. Byworking together, healthcare professionals can ensure that patients receive the best possible care and achieve the best outcomes.5. Finally, resilience and adaptability are crucial qualities in medicine. Healthcare professionals often face challenges and setbacks, and it is important to be able to bounce back and continue providing care in the face of adversity. This includes being able to adapt to new situations and changes, and being flexible in one's approach to patient care. Resilience also involves self-care and taking care of one's own physical and emotional well-being, in order to prevent burnout and maintain a high level of performance.Overall, medicine is a complex and multifaceted field that requires a combination of skills and qualities. From providing compassionate care to staying up-to-date with the latest research, effective communication, teamwork, and resilience, healthcare professionals must possess a diverse range of abilities in order to provide the best possible care to their patients.。
医学英语关于疾病的作文
医学英语关于疾病的作文Title: Understanding Common Diseases: A Brief Overview in Medical English。
In today's rapidly advancing world, understanding common diseases is imperative for both medical professionals and the general public. Diseases can affect individuals of all ages, genders, and backgrounds, often causing significant health challenges. In this essay, we will explore several prevalent diseases, their symptoms, causes, and potential treatments, all presented in medical English.1. Diabetes Mellitus。
Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. There are two primary types: type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Symptoms: Increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow wound healing.Causes: Type 1 diabetes results from the immune system mistakenly attacking insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, while type 2 diabetes develops due to insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production.Treatment: Management involves lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, regular exercise, oral medications, insulin therapy, or a combination thereof.2. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)。
医学英语三级作文
医学英语三级作文Title: The Importance of InterdisciplinaryCollaboration in Modern Medicine。
In the realm of modern healthcare, interdisciplinary collaboration stands as a cornerstone for achieving optimal patient outcomes and advancing medical research. Thesynergy between different specialties fosters a holistic approach to patient care, leading to enhanced diagnosis, treatment, and overall well-being. This essay explores the significance of interdisciplinary collaboration in medicine, emphasizing its profound impact on patient care and medical advancements.Firstly, interdisciplinary collaboration facilitates comprehensive patient care by harnessing the expertise of various healthcare professionals. In a multidisciplinary team, physicians, nurses, pharmacists, therapists, andother specialists converge to address complex medical cases from diverse perspectives. For instance, in the treatmentof chronic diseases like diabetes, a collaborative team can provide personalized care plans encompassing medical management, dietary guidance, exercise regimens, and psychological support. Such comprehensive approaches not only improve patient outcomes but also empower individuals to actively participate in their healthcare journey.Moreover, interdisciplinary collaboration promotes innovation and knowledge exchange across different fields of medicine. By bringing together experts with distinct backgrounds and areas of expertise, interdisciplinary teams spark creativity and foster novel approaches to medical challenges. For example, the fusion of technology and healthcare has revolutionized diagnostics and treatment modalities, leading to the development of cutting-edge medical devices, telemedicine platforms, and precision medicine strategies. Through collaborative efforts, clinicians and researchers can leverage emerging technologies and scientific discoveries to push the boundaries of medical practice and improve patient care.Furthermore, interdisciplinary collaboration plays apivotal role in medical education and professional development. Interactions among healthcare professionals from diverse backgrounds enrich learning experiences and broaden perspectives. For instance, medical students participating in interdisciplinary rounds gain insightsinto the complexities of patient care by observing how different specialties contribute to treatment plans and decision-making processes. Likewise, ongoing interdisciplinary conferences, workshops, and research collaborations provide opportunities for continuous learning and skill enhancement among healthcare professionals. By fostering a culture of collaboration and lifelong learning, interdisciplinary approaches nurture well-rounded healthcare providers capable of delivering high-quality, patient-centered care.Additionally, interdisciplinary collaboration enhances healthcare system efficiency and resource utilization. Through coordinated efforts and shared decision-making, interdisciplinary teams streamline patient care pathways, reduce redundant procedures, and minimize healthcare costs. For instance, collaborative care models such as accountablecare organizations (ACOs) and patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs) emphasize care coordination and preventive services, leading to improved health outcomes and cost savings. By optimizing resource allocation and promoting efficient workflows, interdisciplinary collaboration contributes to the sustainability of healthcare systems amidst growing demands and resource constraints.In conclusion, interdisciplinary collaboration stands as a cornerstone of modern medicine, facilitating comprehensive patient care, driving innovation, and fostering professional development. By harnessing the collective expertise of diverse healthcare professionals, interdisciplinary teams can address complex medical challenges, advance medical knowledge, and improve patient outcomes. As we navigate the complexities of modern healthcare, fostering a culture of collaboration and teamwork will be essential for achieving our shared goal of promoting health and well-being for all.。
医学英语学术论文写作格式文档2篇
医学英语学术论文写作格式文档2篇Medical English academic paper writing format编订：JinTai College医学英语学术论文写作格式文档2篇前言：论文格式就是指进行论文写作时的样式要求，以及写作标准，就是论文达到可公之于众的标准样式和内容要求，论文常用来进行科学研究和描述科研成果文章。
本文档根据论文格式内容要求和特点展开说明，具有实践指导意义，便于学习和使用，本文下载后内容可随意调整修改及打印。
本文简要目录如下：【下载该文档后使用Word打开，按住键盘Ctrl键且鼠标单击目录内容即可跳转到对应篇章】1、篇章1：医学英语学术论文写作格式文档2、篇章2：临床医学学术论文写作要领介绍文档篇章1:医学英语学术论文写作格式文档semiquantitatie analysis of the autoradiographs放射自显影半剂量分析the higher the diffusion rate,the higher thdchance of each newlyiodinated tgb molecule cominginto repeated contact with the peroxidase site at theapical membrane弥散率越高,新碘化的tgb分子与实膜过氧物酶部位所接触的机会越多。
有些杂志,某些作者除采用正标题之外,还采用副标题,这种情况在国外刊物上的各类论文中可谓俯拾即是。
采用副标题,一般是在正标题过于简单、笼统的情况下,起到补充和系统说明正题等的作用,或是要强调某一个方面或几个方面,以其引起读者注意等等。
ultra-low-volumeadministration:systemsevaluation and date analysis超低量用药一系列评价和数据分析（补充正题）。
medical chemotherapy works forbreast cancer with involved nodes医学新闻:辅助性化学疗法对伴有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌奏效（说明上题）。
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Tips on note-taking
• 1. Documenting sources: the author, the title, the place of publication, the publisher, the date of publication or the copyright date, and the page number(s) • 2. Being thorough and concise. Write down what is necessary (what is relevant to your topic but unknown in or different from other sources. • 3. Putting one item on one card/page. • 4. To avoid plagiarism, all notes must be properly documented! Direct quotations • Paraphrase notes • Summary notes • Combination notes
• Academic writing emphasizes: Summarizing or synthesizing information and ideas gathered from research Explaining, comparing and contrasting, evaluating, or analyzing concepts, events, and phenomenon Arguing for or against a position in an ongoing debate
Avoiding plagiarism
• Plagiarism • The use of facts, opinions, and language taken from another writer without acknowledgement • Deliberate plagiarism • Accidental/Unconscious plagiarism
Expressions in Summary
• • • • • • • • • This article/ passage mainly tells (a story) about…… This passage mainly deals with/discusses/explores/…… In this passage (about ……), the author …… The author began the essay/ passage by telling/ presenting…… First/Firstly/ In the beginning/In the first part, the author argues/ explains/ mentions/ states/ points out (that)…… Secondly/ Next/ Further on/ Then/ In the next part/ In the main part, the author goes on with…… Finally/ As a conclusion/, the author concludes/ adds/ stresses that…… Finally, the author summarizes that …… (See more expressions in the mailbox)
Academic Writing
Academic or Not?
• An essay about life in one’s home village • A term paper about the influence of Sigmund Freud on Pablo Picasso’ paintings • Narrowly defined concept: personal ≠ academic
18:41:39
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Summarizing
• A summary is • a condensed version the original • a brief restatement of the main points of the source in your own words
How to summarize
Using and documenting sources
• As Joseph Gibaldi points out, “Nearly all research builds on previous research. Researchers commonly begin a project by studying past work in the area and deriving relevant information and ideas from their predecessors.”
Techniques of compression
• • • • • ----omit the details ----reduce the examples ----simplify the sentences ----eliminate all repetitions ----compress wordy sentences; change phrases into words. • ----use general words instead of specific words • ----use the shortest simple transitions • ----put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech
Example 1
• In the article “Living green should take root in our cities”, Dr. Anthony Kachenko writes about the importance of living green in our society. Living green improves health and wellbeing, as well as the livability of communities. The author suggests that the local government should launch some policies to support this idea. In fact, the author mentions two current projects: The Street Tree Master Plan 2011 and the Urban Forest Strategy 2012-2032. These campaigns support the creation of a sustainable and thriving urban landscapes with an urban forest and more trees along the city’s streets. However, we should do more to support this cause. (See the original in the mailbox)
• • • • • • Step 1 Critical reading Step 2 Drafting Step 3 Revising Step 4 Editing How to write a summary.pdf Superman and Me.docx
1. Reading: Read through and get the gist (by marking the key words) 2. Writing: word limit (1/3 to ¼ of the original) avoid a patchwork (made up of phrases and sentences quoted from the original) ensure all essential points included follow the logical order of the original 3. Revision compare it carefully with the original further compress it correct mistakes
Example 2
• In the article “Analysis of Student’s Errors in English for Medical Purposes”, Zorica Antić （2010）analyzes the errors which medical students are likely to make in their English learning. The study was carried out with the 200 students in the Faculty of Medicine in Niš. The results of a placement test and teachers’ observations in class were applied to make the analysis. It is found that the students often make mistakes in grammar, such as tenses, modal verbs, nouns, and the use of passive and relative pronouns. It is concluded in the article that teachers should design their courses by analyzing the problems of the students to guarantee the successful development of their professional communication. (See the original in the mailbox) •