失乐园中上帝和撒旦形象的对比the differences and similarities between God and Satan
浅析《失乐园》中的英雄气概
浅析《失乐园》中的英雄气概摘要：《失乐园》是英国诗人、政治家弥尔顿创作的一部长诗，共有一万多行，取材《圣经》。
写的是亚当、夏娃偷食禁果而被上帝逐出乐园的故事.。
通过分析《失乐园》中魔王撒旦与上帝的对抗，探究背叛者撒旦的英雄气概。
撒旦的这种反抗映射了当时英国资产阶级革命的现状以及诗人对于革命的认识和态度。
关键词：魔王；反抗英雄；革命约翰•弥尔顿(John Milton 1608-1674)，是17世纪英国杰出的诗人和思想家，是继莎士比亚后最伟大的诗人。
虽然出身于清教徒家庭，他大胆地将上帝和魔王撒旦作为自己作品中的写作对象，并且冒天下之大不韪赋予后者英雄的气概。
撒旦对上帝的反抗，展示了资产阶级反对封建专制统治的革命精神和英雄气概，而撒旦失去天国的乐园和亚当、夏娃失去人间的乐园则预示着资产阶级的失败和封建势力的复辟。
本文着重分析反抗者代表撒旦与传统势力代表上帝的斗争，探究撒旦的英雄气概。
诗人弥尔顿在《失乐园》里借用了《旧约•创世纪》(Genesis)第2、3章里的神话故事，充分发挥他那奇特伟大的想象力，融入他自己的思想，塑造出了一个与传统故事不同的叛逆形象，也塑造了一个独裁、残忍的上帝。
《失乐园》是一套12卷本的素体无韵诗，大概写于1658-1663，1657年出版，它以史诗一般的磅礴气势揭示了人的原罪与堕落并评判了上帝是如何对待人类的。
诗中叛逆之神撒旦，因为反抗上帝的权威被打入地狱，却毫不屈服，为复仇寻至伊甸园。
亚当与夏娃受被撒旦附身的蛇的引诱，偷吃了上帝明令禁吃的知识树上的果子。
最终，撒旦及其同伙遭谴责全变成了蛇，亚当与夏娃被逐出了伊甸园。
该诗体现了诗人追求自由的崇高精神，是世界文学史、思想史上的一部极重要的作品。
在《失乐园》中，撒旦形象高大、英俊，并且足智多谋、不畏强暴、不甘失败。
诗人通过大天使拉非尔之口，讲述了撒旦的身世：撒旦原是天国里地位极高的大天使，生性高傲。
当他听到上帝赋予独生子耶酥•基督比自己更高的权利和地位时，很不服气，非常愤怒，于是就率领众天使造反。
从撒旦的角度看_失乐园_中上帝形象的塑造
从撒旦的角度看_失乐园_中上帝形象的塑造从撒旦的角度看失乐园中上帝形象的塑造冯莉(西南大学外国语学院,重庆北碚400715)*摘要:从叙述学的角度出发,撒旦的!人物视角?可以用来分析和考察失乐园中上帝的形象。
对上帝的!能?,撒旦经历了一个从藐视到抵触到最终承认的过程;而对于上帝的!善?,撒旦对圣父的善痛快承认,但他拒绝承认和接受圣子之善。
撒旦所感知的上帝形象与史诗中旁观叙述者所感知的上帝形象大为不同,这种不同正是失乐园中叙述艺术精妙之所在。
关键词: 失乐园 ;上帝形象;撒旦;叙述视角;内视角;外视角;叙述技巧do:i10.3969/j.issn.1000-5757.2009.12.059中图分类号:I106.2文献标志码:A文章编号:1000 5757(2009)12 0059 04弥尔顿的鸿篇巨制失乐园是英国文学史上的奇丽瑰宝,其独树一帜的恢宏风格、纵横交错的故事情节历来为后人津津乐道,各国评论家亦常常为如何评价史诗中的人物形象,特别是上帝和撒旦的形象等问题争论不休,甚至发展了观点不同的三大流派,即!撒旦主义派?、正统派和调和派。
有关上帝的形象,很多现代读者常常觉得弥尔顿笔下的上帝形象既恃能自负又冷漠无情。
英国文学史家威廉# J#朗也说弥尔顿的上帝!不是宇宙的仆人,而是暴君?[1]。
更有学者把德国批评家古斯塔夫#弗莱塔克对古代悲剧中的神的评说用在弥尔顿的上帝形象上:!(神)统治人世,偏心任性,这是十分可怕的,令人生畏。
即使他们稍见温和,终究还是个陌生的东西。
?[2]而!撒旦主义派?评论家更是认为撒旦是反抗暴政的英雄形象, 失乐园里的上帝是当之无愧的否定形象。
但上述观点都还没有尝试过从史诗中撒旦的人物视角出发来考察上帝的形象,分析撒旦是如何认识上帝的,他对上帝究竟是藐视还是认可,是忌恨还是敬畏。
若能拨开重重迷雾,看清撒旦对上帝的真实态度,对我们研究失乐园中上帝形象一定有很大帮助。
因此,不同于传统的研究方法,本文借用了叙述学界有关视角的研究成果,尝试从失乐园中人物形象撒旦的视角来考察上帝的形象,同时将撒旦的人物!内视角?与旁观叙述者的!外视角?相对比,希望能为多年来对失乐园中上帝形象的争辩提供一个叙述艺术上的解答。
简述失乐园中撒旦的形象外国文学
简述失乐园中撒旦的形象外国文学有人认为，撒旦是人类失去乐园的祸根，最终受到上帝的惩罚。
但作为一个魔鬼，撒旦不是一个击即溃、头脑简单的傻瓜，否则耶稣所受的考验就称不上奇迹了。
对付人类，撒旦一计不成又升一计，所以人类上了他的当。
在天堂，他也同样不甘寂寞，首次谋反被打入地狱仍不甘心，甚至更加疯狂地鼓动再次造反，向“独揽大权，肆虐天庭”的上帝“进行一场永不调和的战争”。
的确，撒旦的演说慷慨激昂，非常精彩，制造出一派不战不休的气势。
如果我们把它与其创作时的历史背景联系起来，上帝才是一个专制、施暴者的化身。
因此作者从撒旦的形象上隐藏着作者对革命势力的悲哀，以及对暴君者们的嘲笑和讽刺。
在诗歌中，塑造了撒旦这一叛逆者的革命形象，作者以撒旦为资产阶级革命的代言人，颂扬了反叛专制暴政的资产阶级革命思想，而最终撒旦在对上帝的对抗中失败，从而失去天堂的乐园，寓意着资产阶级革命的失败和封建势力的复辟。
作者在感情上对撒旦的失败和受到的惩罚表达了同情之心，因为撒旦的失败和受到的惩罚，很像资本主义受封建权威的压迫。
但是由于诗人是一个虔诚的教徒，在理智上并不允许他对撒旦持肯定态度，这就造就了撒旦矛盾形象的另一面，也就是撒旦本性里恶的一面的表现。
撒旦的英雄形象主要表现在前两部，那是叛逆者的英雄气概。
诗人的宗教信仰决定了撒旦最后的命运，凡是违抗上帝旨意者，最终都会受到惩罚的。
人类也是如此，亚当和夏娃受到撒旦的诱惑，违背了上帝的旨意，最终被赶出了伊甸园，但是人类的被驱逐和撒旦的被驱逐也是有区别的。
亚当和夏娃在走出伊甸园时，他们对于自己的行为怀着深深的忏悔之心，圣子给予了他们启示，天使为他们指点未来，只要他们诚心忏悔，最终是会得到上帝的原谅的，他们是满怀着希望地走向了另一个世界。
而撒旦的结局却是迥然不同的，那是他罪有应得的，这是因为撒旦选择了孤注一掷的卑劣的报复，并且没有为他的报复行为产生悔恨之意。
在成功地诱惑了人类，使无辜的人类受到上帝的惩罚时，撒旦欢呼自己的胜利，但是此时他却发现，他以及他的徒众都变成了令人厌恶的蛇，也使我们最终认清了撒旦的真实面目，他依旧是一个邪恶的魔鬼，这也是撒旦在《失乐园》中最后的形象。
《失乐园》中对撒旦人物形象的全面分析
A comprehensive analysis of Satan in Parasise Lost张煜婷西北师范大学外国语学院甘肃省安宁区西北师范大学蓝天公寓1号楼302室 730070AbstractIf ancient Greek mythology can be compared to the rich soil of western literature, the Bible can definitely be regarded as the rhizome of western literature, which has absolutely influenced the western literature extensively and profoundly.Literary outputs about the characters and their stories in the Bible also appeared in the English literature of the 17th century, among which John Milton's long verse-- Paradise Lost undoubtedly becomes the most holy name. The role of Satan has become a stylish symbol of complex connotation in the literature history after Milton’s recreation. This thesis aims to try to analyze the character comprehensively from the following several angles.Key words: Paradise Lost Milton Satan character AnalysisForeword:The political circle of England the in 17th centry was under a turbulent condition thus the comparatively tempestuous political status turns out to be nutrient-rich soil which suitably breeds the literature. We can safely draw the conclusion from certain perspective that litterateurs prefer to put their faith in the pursuit of the spiritual realm when they cannot make their ideal demands cannot be fulfilled in the real world. In a manner of speaking ,Milton can definitely be included in this category，which contains all these writers who have run their heads against a stone wall in the real world and then indulge themselves in the spiritual realm to get themselves satisfied and entertained. Milton is just such kind of persons,He exactly created and finished the work –Paradise Lost of his literary outputs when the Republic is bombed into oblivion because of Charles II’s vast and mighty restoration of dethroned monarch and he has to finish such a great work despite of his blindness. So to speak, Paradise Lost is not just the masterpiece among Milton’s literature work, but also the representative works of significanceof the English literature in the 17th centry. The rebellion of Adam and Eve and also the rebellion of Satan composed the two plot lines of the narration, but as the only man alive in the entire article, Satan has absolutely been regarded as the definite representative of Soul Man in English literature of this period. John Milton has shaped diversity of outstanding images in his long verse Paradise Lost , among which, the image of Satan has got the most praise from all around and has been regarded as the most controversial character at the same time.For different people tend to choose different ways to interpret and get various conclusions, this thesis will set forth the image interpretation in the following ways.First: the embodiment of evil natureThere used to be some kind of Erroneous zone when analyzing the image of Satan, these analyzers turned out to tend to magnify the heroism of Satan without limitation. They always hold the point that Satan is nothing but a definite hero without any disputes. Any interpretation of an image in literature should not be separated from the text itself and surmise wantonly, we should analyze the characters based on the original, only in this way can we get scientific and reasonable interpretation.At the beginning of the story in Paradise Lost, Satan has once said that: “Our task is definitely not doing good, and do you want to find the only way to get pleasure? Let us do evil! Even if it has to suffer, I am still sure that it is the only way.”It not difficult to get the perspective that John Milton had drew a final conclusion of Satan, he is no means a hero no matter what kind of heroic deeds he had done. Because Satan as himself, the embodiment of evil, all the starting points of all his behaviors are based on evil, and all the final objectives of his actual deeds are to achieve the evil goals. And also the figure of Satan, his embodiment of evil expression also can be found in what he does and how he behaves. In most parts of the paradise lost most description of Satan focus on how he takes advantage of human beings and then take revenge to the almighty God. Just like the image of Zeus in the Greek mythology whose daughter Athena was born from his head, Satan gave birth to his daughter from his head and named her Crime. It seems that his daughter Crime represents the word “evil”, she always appears together with the crime and evil, and was presented to all the human beings exactly before their eyes. Perhaps all these indicated that it is inevitable to become the crime as the daughter of Satan，theembodiment of the devil nature. Bad things usually cannot be stopped easily. Things happened much worse than what you can imagine. Satan committed incest with his charming daughter and gave birth to the one called Death. Milton by means of shape the character of Satan as the nature of guilty, tends to deliver such a message that if you cannot resist tempt of the evil, you are doom to suffer the death because of the crime that comes along.Second: The history of a hero’ corruptionThere used to be many significant comments from a lot of professionals in varety of disciplines.Among all these comments,the comment of the English wirter and reviewer,C. S. Lewis has commented in cassic words:from a hero to a general,then from the general to a politician,then from the politician to a nark,and then from the nark to a rascal ,who can only take a furtative glance from the bedroom or bathroom, and then becomes a toad and at last he turns to be the snake –that is the corruption process of Satan. Satan used to be an angel origrnally but he was endowed the complex emotions and eversating human desire. That exactly is what makes him possess intense human nature.He can put up with rosing the battle, but when he saw his companions were burned by the fire,his tels run like a bubbling spring .Even if he can not resist the weakness from his inner heart , he can not take control his own emotions at this moment and he can not help to letting the human nature which hides deep his tough body break out .He is bold and generous, but he sometimes can allso feers his regret and des peration. He hate the brilliant sun,because the bright and shining sun reminds him of his quondm glory.All these reflects his human sense.But at the same time he wanted to take the place of the god and build his own empire. He used to regard himself as benchmark of measuring all the things on the earth and treated himself as the core centre of the universe,and whatever he does and no matter he behaves, he should be forgiven obvilusly, the character of Satan is not a hero without faults.It is not difficult to get the meassage he is a contradictory image.The image of Satan, which was depicted John Milton was not only an outstanding and distinct character filled with rebellion spirit but also a trahic charater.Conceit brutallity and indulgence have made his life totally out of control. Satan himself has to live in tragedy.The corruption of Satan makes himeself suffer and he can never be forgiven. He can not turn to anybody to confess his guilty and he has no means to liberate himself and that is the destiny of the tragic image of Satan.In the end parts of the long verse, the image becomes more negilible ,insignificant and obscene,until he becomes a disgusting nuisance snake with his mouth chewong bitter ashes in his mouth. But what we have to point out is that ,Satan is a betrayer with nobel beauty. He is a typical representative who are unwilling to become a lacker, who are reluctant bowing to the authorites. He doed not want to comply with the God without any principles. He wants to be the God of himself and is filled with the spirit of rebellion. When he was driven out of th paradise and thrown into the fire of hell, he is still suffused with persevering spirit, he is still brimming with tough will, he is also full of resentment. And he has swore to continue to omnipoten with the almighty God who can never be challenged and suspected.Reading all his barve words and seeing his behaviors to conquer all these difficulties by taking advantage of his unbending volition, we can not help ourselves to come to realize that Satan maybe is the real leading character in this long verse and may have reflected the image with the freedom of will.Satan belongs to such kind of people, who has unswerving will and the fervent heart of revenge, who never give up struggle and rebellion. he is indomitable ,emulative and he is never discouraged. He is a rebellion hero who fight for equalty and liberty and a revolutionist who dares to set up with the unyieling and unbending fight towards the majesty paramountcy. and we also can not deny the fact that his a man who lusts for power, who is self-important and presumptuous and there is no doubt that he is a reprobate who has fallen dowm. He is the mixture of both rational principles concurrent ideology. He indeed was fighting for equalty and liberty and he is also gets his behaviors restrained by the truth.John Milton’s Paradise Lost can definitely be defined as profundity ,dignity, rectification and exquisiteness. The long verse was regarded as the greastest art work in the English literature, and it is the art work which is seldom can be encountered. And in the world literature history ,the Paradise Lost can compare favorably with Divine Comedy and Faust. This masterpiece bring the image of Satan to the eyes of all these people, vividly and integratedly. This image seems to haveheen paid more attention to and he is so mature, with flesh and blood. He was shining at first and started to dink down when he was evicted from the Garden of Eden. In a word, his image is so vivid and unforgettable.Under Milton’s writing,Satan at first was a real hero, that is what has nothing to be doubted. His heroism lies in the fact that he dares to challenge the majesty paramountcy and the struggling spirit that has left out. He lead these rebellion angels to do battle towards the God in order to overturn his dictatorial rule. Satan was the first person who have the minds to doubt the God’s authority. He do not want submit to someone blindly ,he is unwilling to submit ,he doed not throw in the sponge and what more he always keeps his chin up. He has a long head and has planned in advance ,aiming to get the best results.Satan was depicted as the embodiment of evil nature, we cannot overlook the quality of heroism shined on him, especially in the first two volumes in Paradise Lost, even when he was expelled out from the Garden of Eden after his failure of rebellion Satan still raised his arm and shouted to his followers:”Even if we are swallowed by the flames of hell, our will, our stubborn vengeance, our burning hatred which is rather hotter than the hell fire, they will continue to be our spear and shield, and make us all-conquering and invincible!”It is terribly hard for us to imagine such impassioned manifesto comes out from the mouth of Satan, the embodiment of evil. If we examine this paragraph of words vindicating himself separately, it much more seems like that a hero are still righteously indignant while speaking despite of his meeting with a misfortune. It is also strange that but it deliberately happens that the appropriate verse which was widely used to praise these heroes who fight for freedom and liberty and turns out to set themselvesin the adverse situation precisely comes out from the mouth of Satan who was the embodiment of evil nature. So we can safely draw the conclusion that there do exist some shining points on the character of Satan, which in deed has some effect in cheering us up. This image embodied not only heroic spirit but also lofty beauty. Satan has been shaped to the real hero. Some scholars think that Satan represents erotic feeling and imaginative soul. They hold the point that the writer portrayed Satan incisively and vividly when compared to the description of the angels and the God. Maybe this can be definitely regarded as the proof that the writer stand on the side of the devil while he was not aware of that himself. No matter how many comments on the image of Satan, and no matter how fierce these comments conflict, we have to admit that this character of Satan was shaped successfully as an artistic image. Especially when he was expelled out of the paradise and thrown into the hellish sea of fire, he was still suffused with persevering spirit and swore to continue to confront with the almighty God. But the image of evil hero exists only in the first two volumes in the Paradise Lost, with the plot development going on, when the key point of this poetry has been transferred to the Garden of Eden,all these shining points in Satan diminished without leaving even a track, because the head-on confrontation with the God has been changed to the indirect revenge to the God by attacking the human beings created by the God. Satan, he used to be tall and strong, pretty and handsome, he was the king among the angels. He has the illustrious status , only inferior to the God. Even he was expelled out of the Garden of Eden to the hell, his declaration of fighting against the God continuously still shocked the whole world.When he determines to change the Garden of Eden to the second battle ground, his image changed dramaticly, he becomes a toad, which was uglyand nasty, and at last he turned to be a disgusting snake. The previous image which was gallant and stalwart died away, leaving no evidence of his once existence. There is no doubt that definitely how a glittery hero transforms himself and come down in the world to a “coward” that everybody feels shamed to mention. In the same manner, the original praise of the rebellious spirit was taken place by the sad calls of the hero in his late life.And all these forms the best Portrayal of one hero’s corruption history. And all these make Satan a dominant one among all the representative individuals who were the most completed and detailed and that is also where the charm lies in.Conclusion:In a manner of speaking, hundreds of year later, the writer-Milton had passed way and he cannot speak any more , he cannot unscramble the character images any longer to the live people. Then the text becomes the only analysis foundation. The image of Satan comes into our eyes visually with the intrinsic quality of evil and also together with the corruption of a hero. That’s what we should regard as the principle and benchmark when we try to interpret the image comprehensively.参考文献：[1]弥尔顿.失乐园[M].上海:上海译文出版社.1984.[2]李进超.撒旦:丑恶的魔鬼与叛逆的英雄——从《圣经》到弥尔顿的《失乐园》[J].天津大学学报(社会科学版).2010(04)[3]郝春雨.约翰·弥尔顿《失乐园》撒旦的人物性格浅析[J].佳木斯教育学院学报.2011(05)[4]施密特. 基督教对文明的影响[M].北京: 北京大学出版社,2004.[5]哈罗德·布鲁姆.西方正典[M].江宁康译.南京: 译林出版社,2005.[6]弥尔顿.失乐园[M].长沙: 人民出版社,1987.[7]威廉·布莱克.布莱克诗集[M].上海: 上海三联书店,1999.[8]唐梅秀.布莱克对弥尔顿的误读[J].天津外国语学院学报, 2005(6).[9]常艳莉.浅析约翰·弥尔顿《失乐园》的创作目的和革命主题[J].东北农业大学学报,2007(5).[10]马克思恩格斯. 论文学与艺术[M].北京：人民出版社,1982。
解读_失乐园_中的_双面_上帝_王昕
解读_失乐园_中的_双⾯_上帝_王昕摘要：上帝是弥尔顿的代表诗作《失乐园》中颇具争议的⼈物形象之⼀。
⼀⽅⾯，他既专横⼜强暴，是⾃由意志的对⽴物；另⼀⽅⾯，他⼜是理性的化⾝。
这两种看似⽭盾的特征内部存在着某种必然的联系。
同时，这也给他的个性赋予了丰富的内涵。
关键词：弥尔顿；上帝；理性《失乐园》是⼗七世纪英国著名诗⼈弥尔顿的代表诗作，它是欧洲⽂学史上的⼀座丰碑。
弥尔顿在《失乐园》中塑造了众多性格复杂的神话⼈物形象，⽽且巧妙地提炼出其多元的象征意义，因⽽导致了《失乐园》的主题不易把握。
三百年来，⽂学评论家为探明它的内涵⽽争执不休。
在《失乐园》中，⽆论是上帝、撒旦还是亚当、夏娃的形象，都具有双重的象征意义。
这既是《失乐园》的主题引起争议的原因之⼀，也是把握《失乐园》主题的关键所在。
⼀、上帝———⾃由意志的对⽴物《失乐园》中的上帝的形象包括⼆个层⾯。
在第⼀个层⾯上，上帝是⾃由意志的对⽴物，他专横、强暴、狭隘。
作为万物的创造者，他的态度武断⽽有失公平，只因为他赋予万物⽣灵以⽣命，他便要求它们⽆限的感激和绝对的服从。
⼈类和所有⽣灵必须献上他们的赞歌和祷告；⽇⽉星⾠的存在也只是为了给他引来爱慕的眼光。
他要求天使们对他百依百顺、屈膝折腰。
他凭借⾃⼰的权威在宇宙间称霸，他的话就是真理、法令，要求⼀切天使都遵从。
他任⼈唯亲，任⾃⼰的⼉⼦为诸圣之长，统摄天国政事。
当撒旦和其他天使不满进⾏反抗时，他残忍地将他们打⼊地狱，让他们在深渊⽕湖中备受煎熬。
他之所以创造⼈类，只是将⼈类作为⾃⼰的玩物，任意加以摆布，并向诸神炫耀其权威。
他要求⼈类永远匍匐于他的脚下。
禁果树其实就是其权威的⼀种象征。
弥尔顿在《基督教教义》中曾说：“知善恶树并⾮象⼈们称呼的那样是⼀种圣物，因为圣物是⼀种应该被利⽤的东西，⽽不应该被禁⽌；知善恶树实际上不过是顺从的象征与纪念物。
”[1]（P21）⼈类在劳动和追求知识的过程中获得了⾃由意志。
亚当意识到:“必须劳动才能得⾷,/这有什么不好呢?/懒惰原本是更坏的事”,[1](P179)他决⼼“从此出发”,满载⽽归。
《失乐园》中的《圣经》人物形象简析
摘要: 《失乐园》是描写人类堕落的长篇史诗。
它讲述了人类始祖亚当和夏娃在伊甸园中原本纯真无邪,因魔鬼撒旦的诱惑而反抗上帝的旨意,最终遭遇堕落致罪的过程。
作者弥尔顿在诗篇中大量运用《圣经》人物意象,从而使作品的主题得以淋漓尽致地表现出来。
本文试图联系作者当时所处的社会、历史背景,对书中的《圣经》人物撒旦,以及亚当和夏娃进行人物形象分析。
关键词: 革命宗教;人物形象一、引言《失乐园》是弥尔顿一生中最伟大的诗作。
作者借用《圣经》故事以史诗的形式表现了人类最初的演变和人类历史上反复出现的变革斗争。
全书共十二卷,描述了撒旦因反抗上帝被打败后设计复仇,偷入上帝创造的伊甸园引诱亚当和夏娃偷食禁果,以致人类始祖被逐出伊甸乐园,开始沉沦的故事。
诗篇大量地运用了《圣经》人物意象,将撒旦、亚当和夏娃刻画得栩栩如生,从而也使主题表现得淋漓尽致。
而本文的意图也在于分析撒旦、亚当和夏娃的人物形象。
二、《失乐园》中撒旦、亚当和夏娃的人物形象分析撒旦、亚当和夏娃是《失乐园》中的主要人物,作者寓其写作意图和诗篇主题于撒旦、亚当和夏娃的人物刻画之中。
下面就对撒旦、亚当和夏娃的人物形象进行分析,以便读者对《失乐园》有进一步的理解。
1.撒旦的人物形象分析在《失乐园》所塑造的人物中,撒旦无疑是个最为引人注目的角色,同时也是诗中的真正英雄。
他的形象历来受赞扬最多,所受的争议也是最大的。
他有勇有谋,桀骜不驯,在战败被打入地狱之后,依然有着不屈不挠的勇气,(“可是,那威力,那强有力的胜利者的狂暴,都不能叫我懊丧,或者叫我改变初衷,虽然外表的光彩改变了,但坚定的心志和岸然的骄进决不改变,由于真价值的受损,激励了我,决心和强权决一胜负。
”)并收拾残兵败将,决心复仇。
这个集“罪”和“死”于一身的魔头在和全能的上帝作着殊死的抗争,他制造出了“罪恶”,并与其幽会,生下了“死”作为他开启地狱之门的钥匙。
众所周知,17世纪的英国资产阶级革命也可称为清教徒革命。
浅析《失乐园》中撒旦的形象塑造
浅析《失乐园》中撒旦的形象塑造【摘要】弥尔顿的《失乐园》是一部享有世界级声誉的文学作品。
作品中的撒旦作为与上帝的对抗者是历来受到争议最多的形象之一。
撒旦经历了一个从藐视到反抗到最终无奈的过程，也正是在这个过程中，我们可以分析出撒旦作为反抗者所展示的勇气和魄力，但撒旦毕竟是邪恶的，他一次次挑起了战争。
撒旦可以被看作是英雄，但他又不简单的算英雄，他是一个结合体，一个立体化的魔鬼式英雄。
【关键词】撒旦，魔鬼，英雄，立体化一、引言一直有人认为：撒旦是人类失去乐园的祸根，因为撒旦的的诱惑，人类最终受到上帝的惩罚。
作为一个魔鬼，撒旦不是一个一击即溃、头脑简单的傻瓜，他身上有一种英雄的气魄，撒旦本来就是一位大天使。
撒旦是聪明的，也可以算是狡猾的，对付人类，撒旦一计不成又生一计，所以人类上了他的当，从天使到魔鬼，撒旦最终堕落了。
撒旦是失乐园故事的核心，他推动着整个故事的发展，也体现作者众多的资产阶级革命理念。
二、英雄撒旦弥尔顿笔下的撒旦首先是位伟大的英雄，代表着弥尔顿的资产阶级革命思想，这是毋庸置疑的。
撒旦的英雄气魄体现在他具有敢于向最高权威抗争的精神：为争取自由和平等，推翻上帝的独裁统治，他领导一部分反叛天使与上帝进行斗争。
这种反叛意识正好结合当时资产阶级革命思想的核心，追求社会平等与自由，打破神权和独裁。
在诗中，撒旦敢于首先怀疑毫无道理却非让人盲目服从不可的绝对命令，面对上帝的强大的权力，撒旦毫无畏惧，率部反抗，大闹天堂。
第一次反抗失败了，他不服气，也不认输，不气馁，发挥自己的聪明才智，很像中国传统小说中描绘的那些英雄，面对强大的对手，敢于亮剑，险些儿搞得天兵天将对阵中措手不及，万分狼狈，连上帝在天国也担心撒旦的反叛会成功。
当然，撒旦还是失败了，被打落地狱。
但是他崇尚自由，他让反对者闭口而去，地狱议会上他发扬民主风格，征求大家的意见。
历经千辛万苦在新创造的伊甸乐园中寻找到人类先祖双亲的是他，利用时机促成全诗主题的展现的也是他。
从内聚焦叙事谈《失乐园》中撒旦复杂形象的塑造
从内聚焦叙事谈《失乐园》中撒旦复杂形象的塑造作者：谢金来源：《赤峰学院学报·哲学社会科学版》2017年第05期摘要：文学巨擘约翰·弥尔顿于1667年创作的史诗《失乐园》自出版便受到文学评论界的关注，尤其是对作品中撒旦所表现出来的英雄式与阴暗形象的分析褒贬不一。
本文运用法国结构主义批评家热拉尔·热奈特的叙事聚焦理论对《失乐园》中撒旦进行分析，探讨内聚焦叙事在撒旦复杂矛盾形象塑造中发挥的重要作用。
关键词：《失乐园》；撒旦；内聚焦中图分类号：I561 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-2596（2017）05-0112-03《失乐园》是英国文学巨擘约翰·弥尔顿（John Milton）于1667年创作的史诗，它与《荷马史诗》、《神曲》并称为西方三大诗歌，在英国文学史上享有举足轻重的地位。
《失乐园》共分十二卷，长约一万行，主要讲述了人类始祖亚当和夏娃如何被诱惑偷吃禁果、堕落，最后被赶出伊甸园的圣经故事。
弥尔顿在这首诗歌中塑造了众多人物形象，但作品中的撒旦人物形象自作品问世以来一直备受文学界关注，对其形象塑造的剖析意见不一，如以威廉·布莱克与威廉·华兹华斯为代表的浪漫主义时期文学家提出了“唯撒旦”理论，高度赞扬了撒旦表现出的反叛精神、自由意志、雄辩能力等英雄式形象，而以艾略特、序弗·雷·利维斯为首的抨击派则认为他满肚子谎话、欺骗引诱夏娃偷吃禁果，为了个人私欲带领众天使反叛，是个满腹诡计的卑鄙小人。
本文将运用法国结构主义批评家热拉尔·热奈特的内聚焦叙事理论对《失乐园》中撒旦的形象进行解读，指出内聚焦叙事在作品人物矛盾形象塑造中发挥的重要作用。
一、叙事聚焦理论叙事学是对叙事文本或叙事作品研究的理论，即对作品或文本意义构成单位进行切分的基础上，探讨叙事文本内在的构成机制，以及各部分之间的相互关系与内在的联系。
自西方文学界用叙事理论对文本或作品进行解读以来，用什么角度观察故事一直是学界关注的焦点。
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3. They all have strong self-awareness.
God: consider himself the center of the world, and his authority is not allowed to be violated. Satan: not satisfied with the fate of being restrained in hell forever. Fight for freedom at all costs.
Thank you!
The differences and similarities of the character God and Satan in Paradise Lost
2014.10.15
The main plots of Paradise Lost
1. The creation of universe 2. The rebellion in Heaven of Satan and his fellow-angels. 3. Their defeat and expulsion from Heaven. 4. The creation of the earth and of Adam and Eve. 5. Satan’s temptation of Eve. 6. The departure of Adam and Eve from Eden.
4. Both of them are intelligent. God: omnipotent, knows how to rule the world, and knows everything in the world. Satan: successfully tempted Eve to eat the apple, persuaded the angels in the hell to fight for freedom. Their intelligence are used in diffrent directions.
Comments on Satan
strength courage enthusiasm a strong will the capacity for leadership → an ancient hero
Negative comments
arrogant ambitious tricky a rebel a plotter → the spirit of evil
Satan
VS.
Parliament
A mixture of
evil and good The spirit who dares to question the authority of God.
Similarities
1. Both of them are learders. God: the leader of Heaven. Satan: the leader of the rebels. 2. They all want to be rulers. God: the winner. Satan: the loser. He tried to build a new world against God, but failed.
பைடு நூலகம்
The Image of God
the Creator of the universe, of angels, Heaven, Hell, and man. The Supreme Being, omniscient, omnipotent, omnipresent, and ruler of all.
The Image of Satan
Formerly one of the highest ranking angels, but envy drove him to rebel against God. Originator of evil, adversary of God, and destroyer of Eden.
Comments on God
A ruler with unlimited power A selfish despot Cruel Unjust →A negative character
Character Contrast
God
Monarchy
A ruler with unlimited power A selfish despot Cruel Unjust