三级笔译英译汉词汇
(完整版)CATTI三级笔译常用词组
致力于、从事于：be committed to 、engage in、embark onWe will work to、look to、seek to、endeavor to、strive to我们要努力……We will adopt +nBear :承担，具有，结果，支撑，向左（右）转，携带Score：赢得，得分，二十，报复，了解Mark：标志，庆祝,表明，评价Boast：吹嘘，拥有Endow：赋予，资助Harness: 利用，马具发展、提高、促进、增加等意思：develop, upgrade, enrich, improve, advance, pursue, move forward, forge ahead, enhance, sharpen, widen, broaden, quicken, accelerate, speed up, step up减少裁员: slash, cut(down), shed, downsize, diminish, dwindle、eliminate超过exceed 、surpass 、top、overtake、transcend、go beyond保卫、支持: safeguard、uphold、support利用maximize、fully leverage、fully unleash、give full play to、make best use of showcaseappearemergerepresentdeliver：实现，履行，发表，represent: 代表，表现，象征，回忆on the rise、on the decrease、on the decline(在衰退中)gear to 适应，配合prevail: 战胜，盛行embrace：包含，接受，拥抱cherishseize、grasp、grapple withburden、saddle withDifference、disparity明显差异、discrepancy差异矛盾usher 引领，开辟carve out 创业，开拓，雕刻identify 发现，确认，标志，使易于辨认。
CATTI三级笔译常考高频词汇（可编辑）
CATTI三级笔译常考高频词汇翻译资格考试常考高频词汇新东方One Country, Two Systems 一国两制One China, One Taiwan 一中一台Two Chinas 两个中国Three Direct Links Mail, Air and Shipping Services and Trade (两岸)直接三通23 Million Taiwan Compatriots 两千三百万台湾同胞Two Conferences NPC and CPPCC 两会(人大,政协)Three Represents 三个代表the Important Thought of Three Represents 三个代表重要思想Woman Pace-Setter 三八红旗手the Three Major Historical Tasks三大历史任务the Seven-Year Program to Help 80 Million People Out of Poverty "八七"扶贫攻坚计划the Eleventh Five-Year Plan 2006-2010 "十一五"计划the 15th central committee of the communist party of China CPC 第十五届中央委员会17th Party Congress 十七大the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee 十一届三中全会South-South Cooperation 南南合作North-South Dialog 南北对话Taiwan Independence 台独"Bring In" and "Going Out" "引进来"和"走出去"政策patriotic democratic personages爱国民主人士patriotic united front 爱国统一战线patriotism 爱国主义精神live and work in peace and contentment 安居乐业an enterprising spirit 昂扬向上的精神状态our compatriots in the Macao SAR Special Administrative Region 澳门特别行政区同胞hegemonism 霸权主义a hundred flowers blossom 百花齐放a hundred schools of thought contend 百家争鸣the stability in border areas 边疆稳定remote areas 边远地区a magnificent upsurge 波澜壮阔extensive and profound 博大精深never degenerating 不变质constantly better people's lives 不断提高人民生活水平unfair and irrational 不公正不合理shackles of the outdated notions 不合时宜的观念的束缚an inexhaustible motive force 不竭动力invincible 不可战胜an irresistible trend of history 不可阻挡的历史潮流not lose our bearings不迷失方向uneven 不平衡a tortuous course 不平坦的道路not all-inclusive 不全面的take resolute measures 采取果断措施participation in and deliberation of state affairs 参政议政long-term coexistence 长期共存long-term social stability and solidarity 长期社会安定团结long-term peace and order 长治久安honesty 诚实守信fully mobilize and rally充分调动和凝聚take shape initially 初步建立traditional threats to security 传统安全威胁creativity, cohesion and fighting capacity 创造力、凝聚力和战斗力system of resignation 辞职制proceed from our national conditions 从我国国情出发promote common development 促进共同发展promote all-round social progress 促进社会全面进步assuming heavy responsibilities 担当重任the contemporary era 当代masters of the country当家作主the wish to be the masters of our country 当家作主的愿望congress of party representatives 党代会backbone of the party 党的骨干力量the party's basic theory, line and program 党的基本理论、路线和纲领party building 党的建设party's progressiveness 党的先进性the destiny of the party and state 党和国家前途命运the cause of the party and state 党和国家事业Deng Xiaoping theory 邓小平理论the demise of comrade Deng Xiaoping邓小平同志逝世the sixth place 第六位the primary productive force 第一生产力E-government 电子政务mobilize the initiative 调动积极性equal political entities 对等的政治实体erroneous and dogmatic interpretation of Marxism 对马克思主义的错误和教条式的理解multi-tiered 多层次multiparty cooperation 多党合作diversify 多元化pluralistic society多元社会diverse forces 多种力量duplicate law enforcement 多重多头执法awareness of law 法制观念a country with an adequate legal system 法制国家a country under the rule of law 法治国家prosperity, stability and development 繁荣、稳定和发展fight against "Taiwan Independence" 反对"台独"oppose separation 反对分裂combat corruption and build a clean government 反腐倡廉guard against 防止non-traditional threats to security 非传统安全威胁splitting activities 分裂活动the objectives and tasks 奋斗目标和任务develop diverse forms of democracy 丰富民主形式trials and tribulations 风浪考验serve the overall interests 服务大局strong, prosperous, democratic and culturally advanced 富强、民主、文明hinterland 腹地reform, development and stability 改革、发展、稳定reform and opening-up 改革开放fall behind the times 落后于时代Marxism-Leninism 马克思列宁主义the basic tenets of Marxism 马克思主义基本原理a Marxist ruling party 马克思主义执政党Mao Zendong Thought 毛泽东思想the militia 民兵Democratic Progressive Party 民进党people's livelihood 民生democratic and the legal system 民主法制democratic management 民主管理prepared for both promotion and demotion 能上能下to alleviate rural poverty through development 农村扶贫开发reform of rural taxes and administrative charges 农村税费改革problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers 农业、农村和农民问题agriculture and rural work 农业和农村工作agriculture as the foundation of the economy 农业基础地位falsification 弄虚作假personnel training 培养人才people in financial difficulties 贫困群众smooth transition of power平稳过渡extravagance and waste 铺张浪费general election system 普选制less developed 欠发达地区intensify functions 强化功能win-win co-operation 强强联手power politics 强权政治overseas Chinese 侨胞overseas Chinese affairs 侨务工作industry and courage 勤劳勇敢seek common ground while shelving differences 求同存异regional organizations 区域性组织tortuous road 曲折的道路draw upon one another's strong points 取长补短yield substantial results 取得丰硕成果score tremendous achievements 取得巨大成就repeal taxes on special agricultural products 取消农业特产税all the party members; whole party 全党the crystallization of the party's collective wisdom 全党集体智慧的结晶all-dimensional 全方位the Chinese people of all nationalities; people of all ethnic groupsof the country 全国各族人民deputy to the National People's Congress 全国人大代表the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 全国政协plenary sessions 全会build a well-off society in an all-round way; build a moderately prosperous society in all respects 全面建设小康社会in full swing 全面展开divorce between powers and responsibilities 权责脱节the general public 群众People's Congresses 人大the standing committees 人大常委会NPC National People's Congress member 人大代表the spirit of the congress 人大精神put sb. to the best use 人尽其才a full display of advantages in human resources 人力资源优势得到充分发挥material and cultural needs of the people 人民的物质文化需要the people's democratic dictatorship 人民民主专政upgrade the texture of life for the people 人民生活更加殷实mass organizations 人民团体the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference CPPCC 人民政协the trend of popular sentiment 人心向背personnel exchanges 人员往来treating each other with all sincerity 肝胆相照the high degree of unity and solidarity 高度团结统一a high degree of autonomy 高度自治hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping theory 高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜lofty character 高尚的品格opera highlights 折子戏stilt walk 踩高跷pantomime; mime 哑剧pantomimist 哑剧演员skit 戏剧小品circus show 马戏monologue comic talk, standup comedy 单口相声stunt 特技表演witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk 相声the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment 京韵大鼓shaanxi opera 秦腔sealcutting 篆刻characters cut in intaglio 阴文characters cut in relief 阳文seal 图章graver 刻刀making rubbings from stone inscriptions 拓碑rubbing 拓片workmanship/craftsmanship 工艺,手艺handicraft 手工艺品wood carving 木雕boxwood craft 黄杨木雕carved lacquerware 雕漆stone carving 石雕miniature engraving 微雕ivory carving 象牙雕bamboo engraving 竹雕shell carving 贝雕ice sculpture 冰雕painted sculpture 彩塑enamel 瓷釉embroidery 刺绣scroll 卷轴batik 蜡染clay figure 泥人lacquer painting 漆画lacquer ware 漆器celadon 青瓷色two-sided embroidery 双面绣landscape/ink painting 水墨画Suzhou embroidery 苏绣sandalwood fan 檀香扇trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 唐三彩pottery 陶器Ceramics 制陶业the four stationery treasures of the Chinese study?a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper 文房四宝inkslab engraving 砚刻Yixing pottery 宜兴陶folding fan 折扇Wickerwork 枝编工艺tapestry 织锦,挂毯papier mache 纸工艺品Chinese painting 中国画folklores 民间传说fable 寓言legend 传说mythology 神话God of Heaven 玉皇大帝the Eight Immortals 八仙Chang’e, the Chinese moon goddess 嫦娥Fu Xi, God of Fishery and Husbandry 伏羲god of fortune, god of prosperity, and god of longevity 福禄寿三星god of fortune 财神god of the kitchen 灶神Gonggong, God of Water 公神Houyi a legendary hero who shot down nine suns 后羿Yellow Emperor 黄帝Kuafu a fabled sun-chasing giant 夸父Nuwa: a goddess who patches up the sky 女娲Pan Gu, creator of the universe 盘古Patron of Agriculture 神农Yu, the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty 禹Zhurong, God of Fire 祝融make the past serve the present and the foreign serve China 古为今用,洋为中用inscribe a poem 赋诗matching an antithetical couplet 对对联solar calendar 阳历gregorian calendar 公历lunar calendar 阴历heavenly stem 天干earthly branch 地支leap year 闰年the twenty-four solar terms 二十四节气zodiac 十二生肖rat 鼠ox 牛tiger 虎hare 兔dragon 龙snake 蛇horse 马sheep 羊monkey 猴rooster 鸡dog 狗pig 猪year of monkey 猴年one’s year of birth considered in relation to the 12 TerrestrialBranches 本命年traditional holidays 传统节日Spring Festival 春节pay a New Year visit 拜年firecracker 鞭炮,爆竹Eve of Chinese New Year 除夕Spring couplets 春联ring out the old year and ring in the new 辞旧迎新Jiaozi, boiled dumpling 饺子pot sticker 锅贴temple fair 庙会ring out the old year 鸣钟辞旧岁traditional New Year pictures 年画the Eve Feast; family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve 年夜饭year-end household cleaning 年终大扫除stay up late on the New Year’s Eve 守岁family reunion dinner 团圆饭New Year gift-money; money given to children as a New Year gift 压岁钱dragon dance 舞龙Lantern Festival 15th day of the first lunar month 元宵节sweet sticky rice dumplings 元宵festival lantern 花灯lantern riddle 灯谜lion dance 狮子舞stilt walking 踩高跷Pure Brightness Festival/Tomb-sweeping Day April the 5th 清明节sweep tomb sites of loved ones 扫墓offer sacrifices to the ancestors 祭祖go for an outing in spring 踏青dragon Boat Festival 5th of the fifth lunar month 端午节dragon boat race 赛龙舟zongzi pyramid-shaped dumpling made by glutinous rice wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves 粽子Departed soul 亡灵loyal minister 忠臣Quyuan the poet 诗人屈原Moon Festival/Mid- Autumn Day 15th of eighth lhunar month 中秋节mooncake 月饼appreciate the glorious full moon 赏月reunion 团圆sweet osmanthus 桂花Double Ninth Day/the Aged Day 重阳节admire the beauty of chrysanthemum 赏菊climb mountain 登高TCM traditional Chinese medicine 中药First Emperor, Emperor Chin 秦始皇帝empress dowager 皇太后founder of the Han Dynasty 206BC-220AD 汉高祖刘邦Genghis Khan; Temujin 成吉思汗gifted scholars and beautiful ladies 才子佳人cradle of civilization 文明摇篮Xia Dynasty 夏朝of Ming and Qing dynasties 明清两代Chinese civilization 中华文明Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan 四川Shaanxi 陕西Research Center for Ancient Civilizations 古文明研究中心Chinese and overseas scholars 中外学者archaeologists 考古学家anthropologist 人类学家historian 历史学家Tao, ”the way”, the principle of wor kings of the universe 道humaneness also mean:humanity, benevolence, goodness, virtue 仁the Four Books 四书the Great Learning 《大学》the Doctrine of the Mean 《中庸》the Analects of Confucius 《论语》the Mencius 《孟子》five major styles of calligraphy 书法五大书体seal script/seal character篆书official script/clerical script 隶书running script/semi-cursive script 行书cursive script 草书regular script/standard script 楷书traditional Chinese painting 中国画Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting 水墨画traditional Chinese realistic painting 工笔six classical arts 六艺rite 礼music 乐archery 射riding 御writing 书arithmetic 数the Art of War 孙子兵法Chinese character 汉字stroke (汉字)笔画radical 偏旁部首writing system 书写体系Sino-Tibetan 汉藏语系Sinologist/Sinologue 汉学家Sinomania 中国热of the same origin 同宗同源the Chinese ancestors 华夏祖先single syllable 单音节Chinese language is “soberly logical”汉语有“合理的逻辑性”the four tones of Chinese characters 汉语四声调level tone 阴平rising tone 阳平falling-rising tone 上声falling tone 去声martial art 武术Kung fu 中国武术styles or schools of martial art 武术门派practice martial art for fitness 习武健身ancient form of combat 古代格斗术Chinese Martial Art Association 中国武术协会top martial artist 武林高手Qigong; deep breathing exercises 气功judo 柔道karate 空手道tae kwon do 跆拳道boxing 拳击wrestling 摔跤fencing 击剑walk the earth with a sword 仗剑走天涯tales of roving knights; kung fu novels 武侠小说Chinese literature 中国文学Three Kingdoms 《三国演义》Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West 《西游记》Dream of the Red Mansions 《红楼梦》the Classic of Mountains an Rivers 《山海经》History as a Mirror; Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers 《资治通鉴》the Romance of West Chamber 《西厢记》Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin 《水浒传》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio 《聊斋志异》Fortress Besieged 《围城》the True Story of Ah Q 《阿Q正传》the Spring and Autumn Annals 《春秋》Historical Records 《史记》the Book of Songs; the Book of Odes 《诗经》the Book of History 《书经》I Ching; the Book of Changes 《易经》the Book of Rites 《礼记》Book of Filial Piety 《孝经》three-character scripture; three-word chant 《三字经》eight-part essay; stereotyped writing 八股文five-character quatrain 五言绝句seven-character octave 七言律诗Chinese architecture 中国建筑Quadrangle, the traditional Chinese single-story houses with rows of rooms around the four sides of a courtyard 四合院Mongolian yurt 蒙古包inscriptions on a tablet 碑刻,碑文,碑铭the forest of steles, tablet forest 碑林Taoist temple 道观hall 殿beacon tower 烽火台drum tower 鼓楼ornamental column 华表corridor 回廊altar 祭坛rockery 假山watchtower 角楼corridor 廊pailou, decorated archway 牌楼bridge 桥stone boat 石舫grotto 石窟pavilion on the water 水榭pagoda; tower 塔terrace 台altar 坛pavilion 亭阁bell tower 钟楼pillar, column, post 柱emperor's mausoleum/tomb 陵墓major cultural heritage 重要文化遗产outstanding folk arts 优秀民间艺术cultural relics 文物Chinese knot 中国结Cheongsam 旗袍traditional Chinese garments clothing, Tang suit 中山装cloisonné景泰蓝royal court envoy 朝廷使者men of letter 文人refined scholar 雅士culture industry 文化产业cultural deposit 文化底蕴cultural undertaking 文化事业cross-cultural communication 文化交流culture shock 文化冲突national culture 民族文化folk culture 民间文化urban culture 城镇文化rural culture 乡村文化native culture 当地文化performing art 表演艺术popular art, pop art 现代流行艺术high art 纯艺术refined art 高雅艺术cinematographic art 电影艺术theatrical art 戏剧艺术male the positive male role 生(男性正面角色)female the positive female role 旦(女性正面角色)a supporting male role with striking character 净(性格鲜明的男性配角)a clown or a negative role 丑(幽默滑稽或反面角色)painted role 花脸monodrama; one-man show 独角戏musical 歌舞喜剧shtick 滑稽场面,搞笑小噱头skit 滑稽短剧amateur performer of Beijing Opera/Peking Opera fan 京剧票友Peking Opera Mask 京剧人物脸谱ventriloquism 口技puppet show 木偶戏voice over 旁白shadow play; leather-silhouette show 皮影戏story-telling 说书make a human pyramid 叠罗汉colors, primary 红、黄、蓝三原色colors, secondary 合成色,间色composition 构图engraving 雕刻艺术,镌版术;亦指雕版印刷品,版画etching 蚀刻版画,蚀刻术,铜版画foreshortening effect [绘画]通过透视原理表现立体空间fresco [绘画]在灰泥的墙壁上作的水彩画,壁画highlight [绘画]高光high relief 高浮雕impasto [绘画]厚涂颜料的绘画法,厚涂的颜料inlaying 镶嵌landscape 风景画,山水画lithography 石印(平版印刷)术;平版印刷品modeling 建模,造型monochrome 单色画(由一种颜色的不同色度制作出的图片,尤指图画) pastel 浅淡的色调,柔和而悦目的色彩perspective [绘画]透视primary colors 三原色relief 浮雕(效果)sketching 写生,写生画still life 静物tempera 蛋彩画(用蛋清代油调和的鸡蛋水胶养料画法)texture 质地,纹理tone 色调trompe l’oeil 一种给人以摄影作品般真实感觉的绘画风格aria 独唱曲;咏叹调background music 背景音乐band 乐队baritone 男中音bass 低音部;男低音;低音乐器beat 节奏,鼓点brass 铜管乐队;铜管乐器Broadway musical 百老汇音乐剧canon 卡农(一种乐曲形式,其中同样的旋律被一个或者多个声部重复,同一调或者相关调彼此在时间上重合)chord 和弦,和音composer 作家,作曲家concerto 协奏曲conductor 管弦乐队、合唱队指挥contemporary music 当代音乐crescendo 声音渐增,渐强decrescendo 渐弱dissonance 不谐和音,不一致duet 二重奏finale (戏剧的)最后一场,结局;终曲;(电视剧)最后一集flat [音]降半音fox trot 狐步舞,狐步舞曲fugue [音]赋格曲genre 类型,流派acid jazz 酸性爵士alternative music 另类(非主流)音乐,如gay music (同性恋音乐)bluegrass 蓝草音乐?起源于美国南方的民间音乐,特色为音乐轻快和像爵士乐那样即兴演奏blues 布鲁斯歌曲(蓝调音乐)Celtic music 凯尔特音乐(尤指爱尔兰风格)classical music 古典乐country music 乡村音乐dance music 劲爆蹦迪音乐easy listening music 轻音乐electronic music 电子音乐environmental music 环境音乐experimental music 实验音乐folk music 民族音乐fusion music 融合音乐heavy metal; hard rock 重金属摇滚hip-hop music 嘻蹦乐,译嘻哈house music 电子乐的一种Indie-Rock music 独立音乐(属于另类音乐)jazz 爵士乐Jazz Blues 爵士布鲁斯Latin music 拉丁乐musical 音乐剧New Age music 新时代乐风Punk; New wave 朋克;新浪潮R&B 节奏布鲁斯Rap music 说唱Reggae music 雷鬼乐,一种风格独特的牙买加音乐Retro music 怀旧音乐Soft rock 慢摇滚soul music (美国黑人)爵士灵歌,结合了福音唱诗以及节奏布鲁斯音乐的特点soundtrack 电影配乐swing music 摇摆乐Techno music 强烈动感的电子音乐Trance music 非常Hi的电子舞曲,迷幻电子乐gospel music 福音音乐harmony [音]和弦,和声,悦耳的声音组合hymn 赞美诗,圣歌,唱赞美歌improvisation 即席创作lip synching 对口型,假唱lyric 抒情诗,歌词march [音]进行曲melody 旋律opera 歌剧opus 作品orchestra 管弦乐队percussion 打击乐器,鼓点polka 波尔卡舞曲pop music 流行音乐,通俗音乐quartet 四重奏;四重唱Renaissance 文艺复兴,有文艺复兴时期的艺术风格的音乐repertoire 准备好演出的节目,保留剧目Requiem Mass 安魂曲rhumba rumba伦巴舞蹈,伦巴乐曲rhythm 节奏,韵律rock 摇滚乐salsa 萨尔萨舞曲,拉丁美洲一种流行舞曲samba 桑巴舞(一种源自非洲的巴西舞)score 乐谱solo 独唱曲,独唱sonata [音]奏鸣曲soprano 女高音symphony 交响乐,交响曲tango 探戈tempo (音乐)速度、拍子;发展速度tenor 男高音theme [音]主题,主题曲,主旋律theme and variations [音]主题与变奏trio 三重唱vocal range 音域waltz 华尔兹舞;华尔兹舞曲the four great inventions of ancient China 四大发明gunpowder 火药printing 印刷术paper-making 造纸术the compass 指南针Ancient Chinese Philosophers 中国古代哲学家Confucius 孔子Mencius 孟子Lao Tzu 老子Chuang Tzu 庄子Mo Tzu 墨子Sun Tzu 孙子bilateral diplomatic activities 双边外交win-win situation 双赢局面smooth transition of power 权利顺利平稳过渡candid and in-depth 坦诚深入的treaty 条约halt 停滞不前equal dignity 同等尊严break-through 突破unity 团结external blockade 外部封锁diplomacy 外交diplomatic practice 外交惯例diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权diplomatic barometer 外交晴雨表diplomatic envoy 外交使节diplomatic truce 外交休兵downright distrust 完全不信任complete equality 完全平等stubborn ills 顽疾seek a common good 为大众谋利maintain the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong 维护香港的繁荣与稳定justice-upholding 维护正义的diplomatic practice 外交惯例cultural exchange 文化交流cultural ambassador 文化使节cradle of civilization 文化摇篮inexorable facts 无情的事实disorder 无秩序状态current state 现状elaborate on 详细谈论harmonize 协调agreement 协定alliance 结盟protocol 协议coordination 协作hand-in hand 携手a new world pattern 新的世界形态neo-colonialism 新殖民主义assert 宣称;维护declaration 宣告,声明the Asia-Pacific region 亚太地区severe test 严峻的考验message of condolences 唁电consistent policy 一贯的政策take history as guidance and look into the future 以史为鉴,面向未来ideology 意识形态never yielding 永不屈服increase; strengthen; promote; expand; boost 增进enhance mutual understanding 增进了解strategic relationship 战略关系strategic partnership of coord。
Catti三级笔译（英译汉）
A Part of Utah Built on Coal Wonders What Comes NextPRICE, Utah —For generations, coal has been the lifeblood of this mineral-rich stretch of eastern Utah. Mining families proudly recall all the years they toiled underground. Supply companies line the town streets. Above the road that winds toward the mines, a soot-smudged miner peers out from a billboard with the slogan “Coal = Jobs.”But recently, fear has settled in. The state’s oldest coal-fired power plant, tucked among the canyons near town, is set to close, a result of new, stricter federal pollution regulations.As energy companies tack away from coal, toward cleaner, cheaper natural gas, people here have grown increasingly afraid that their community may soon slip away. Dozens of workers at the facility here, the Carbon Power Plant, have learned that they must retire early or seek other jobs. Local trucking and equipment outfits are preparing to take business elsewhere.“There are a lot of people worried,” said Kyle Davis, who has been employed at the plant since he was 18.Mr. Davis, 56, worked his way up from sweeping floors to managing operations at the plant, whose furnaces have been burning since 1954.“I would have liked to be here for another five years,” he said. “I’m too young to retire.”But Rocky Mountain Power, the utility that operates the plant, has determined that it would be too expensive to retrofit the aging plant to meet new federal standards on mercury emissions. The plant is scheduled to be shut by April 2015.“We had been working for the better part of three years, testing compliance strategies,” said David Eskelsen, a spokesman for the utility. “None of the ones we investigated really would produce the results that would meet the requirements.”For the last several years, coal plants have been shutting down across the country, driven by tougher environmental regulations, flattening electricity demand and a move by utilities toward natural gas.This month, the board of directors of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the country’s largest public power utility, voted to shut eight coal-powered plants in Alabama and Kentucky and partly replace them with gas-fired power. Since 2010, more than 150 coal plants have been closed or scheduled for retirement.The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that the stricter emissions regulations for the plants will result in billions of dollars in related health savings, and will have a sweeping impact on air quality.In recent weeks, the agency held 11 “listening sessions” around the country in advance of proposing additional rules for carbon dioxide emissions.“Co al plants are the single largest source of dangerous carbon pollution in the United States, and we have ready alternatives like wind and solar to replace them,” said Bruce Nilles,director of the Sierra Club’s Beyond Coal campaign, which wants to shut all of the nation’s coal plants.“We have a choice,” he said, “which in most cases is cheaper and doesn’t have any of the pollution.”Coal’s downward turn has hit Appalachia hardest, but the effects of the transition toward other energy sources has started to ripple westward.Mr. Eskelsen said Rocky Mountain Power would place some of the 70 Carbon facility employees at its two other Utah coal plants. Other workers will take early retirement or look for different jobs.Still, the notion that this pocket of Utah, where Greek, Italian and Mexican immigrants came to mine coal more than a century ago, could survive without it, is hard for people here to comprehend.“The attack on coal is so broad-reaching in our little community,” said Casey Hopes, a Carbon County co mmissioner, whose grandfather was a coal miner. “The power plants, the mines —they support so many smaller businesses. We don’t have another industry.”Like others in Price, Mr. Hopes voiced frustration with the Obama administration, saying it should be investing more in clean coal technology rather than discarding coal altogether. Annual Utah coal production, though, has been slowly declining for a decade according to the federal Energy Information Administration.Last year, mines here produced about 17 million tons of coal, the lowest level since 1987, though production has crept up this year.“This is the worst we’ve seen it,” said David Palacios, who works for a trucking company that hauls coal to the power plants, and whose business will slow once the Carbon plant closes. Mr. Palacios, president of the Southeastern Utah Energy Producers Association, noted that the demand for coal has always ebbed and flowed here.“But this has been two to three years we’re struggling through,” he said.Compounding the problem, according to some mining experts, is that until now, most of the state’s coal has been sold and used within the region, rather than being exported overseas. That has left the industry here more vulnerable to local plant closings.Cindy Crane, chairwoman of the Utah Mining Association, said demand for Utah coal could eventually drop as much as 50 percent. “For most players in Utah coal, this a tough time,” said Ms. Crane, vice president of PacifiCorp, a Western utility and mining company that owns the Carbon plant.Mr. Nilles of the Sierra Club acknowledged that the shift from coal would not be easy on communities like Carbon County. But employees could be retrained or compensated for lost jobs, he said, and new industries could be drawn to the region.Washington State, for example, has worked with municipalities and utilities to ease the transition from coal plants while ensuring that workers are transferred to other energy jobs or paid, if nearing retirement, Mr. Nilles said.“Coal has been good to Utah,” Mr. Nilles said, “but markets for coal are drying up. Y ou need to get ahead of this and make sure the jobs don’t all leave.”For many here, coal jobs are all they know. The industry united the area during hard times, too, especially during the dark days after nine men died in a 2007 mining accident some 35 miles down the highway. Virtually everyone around Price knew the men, six of whom remain entombed in the mountainside.But there is quiet acknowledgment that Carbon County will have to change —if not now, soon.David Palacios’s father, Pete, who worked in the mines for 43 years, has seen coal roar and fade here. Now 86, his eyes grew cloudy as he recalled his first mining job. He was 12, and earned $1 a day.“I’m retired, so I’ll be fine. But these young guys?” Pete Palacios said, his voice trailing off.NARSAQ, Greenland —As icebergs in the Kayak Harbor pop andhiss while melting away, this remote Arctic town and its culture are alsodisappearing in a changing climate.Narsaq’s largest employer, a shrimpfactory, closed a few years ago after the crustaceans fled north to coolerwater. Where once there were eight commercial fishing vessels, there is nowone.As a result, the population here,one of southern Greenland’s major towns, has been halved to 1,500 in just adecade. Suicides are up.“Fishing is the heart of this town,”said Hans Kaspersen, 63, a fisherman. “Lots of people have lost theirlivelihoods.”But even as warming temperatures areupending traditional Greenlandic life, they are also offering up intriguing newopportunities for this state of 57,000 — perhaps nowhere more so than here inNarsaq.V ast new deposits of minerals andgems are being discovered as Greenland’s massive ice cap recedes, forming thebasis of a potentially lucrative mining industry.One of the world’s largest depositsof rare earth metals —essential for manufacturing cellphones, wind turbinesand electric cars — sits just outside Narsaq.It has long been known thatGreenland sat upon vast mineral lodes, and the Danish government has mappedthem intermittently for decades. Niels Bohr, Denmark’s Nobel Prize-winningnuclear physicist and a member of the Manhattan Project, visited Narsaq in 1957because of its uranium deposits.But previous attempts at miningmostly failed, proving too expensive in the inclement conditions. Now, warminghas altered the equation.Greenland’s Bureau of Minerals andPetroleum, charged with managing the boom, currently has 150 active licensesfor mineral exploration, up from 20 a decade ago. Altogether, companies spent$100 million exploring Greenland’s deposits last year, and several are applyingfor licenses to begin construction on new mines, bearing gold, iron and zincand rare earths. There are also foreign companies exploring for offshore oil.The Black Angel lead and zinc mine,which closed in 1990, is applying to reopen this year, said Jorgen T.Hammeken-Holm, who oversees licensing at the country’s mining bureau, “becausethe ice is in retreat and you’re getting much more to explore.”The Greenlandic government hopesthat mining will provide new revenue. In granting Greenland home rule in 2009,Denmark froze its annual subsidy, which is scheduled to be decreased further inthe coming years.Here in Narsaq, a collection ofbrightly painted homes bordered by spectacular fjords, two foreign companiesare applying to the government for permission to mine.That proximity promises employment,and the company is already schooling some young men in drilling and in English,the international language of mine operations. It plans to build a processingplant, a new port and more roads. (Greenland currently has none outside ofsettledareas.) Narsaq’s tiny airport, previously threatened with closure fromlack of traffic, could be expanded. A local landlord is contemplatingconverting an abandoned apartment block into a hotel.“There will be a lot of peoplecoming from outside and that will be a big challenge since Greenlandic culturehas been isolated,” said Jasper Schroder, a student home in Narsaq fromuniversity in Denmark.Still, he supports the mine andhopes it will provide jobs and stem the rash of suicides, particularly amonghis peers; Greenland has one of the highest suicide rates in the world. “Peoplein this culture don’t want to be a burden to their families if they can’tcontribute,” he said.But not all are convinced of thebenefits of mining. “Of course the mine will help the local economy and willhelp Greenland, but I’m not so sure if it will be good for us,” said Dorotheaodg aard, who runs a local guesthouse. “We are worried about the loss ofnature.”It didn’t take long for Manuel García Murillo, a bricklayer who took over as mayor here last June, to realize that his town was in trouble. It was 800,000 euros, a little more than $1 million, in the red. There was no cash on hand to pay for anything — and there was work that needed to be done.But then an amazing thing happened, he said. Just as the health department was about to close down the day care center because it didn’t have a proper kitchen, Bernardo Benítez, a construction worker, offered to put up the walls and the tiles free. Then, Maria José Carmona, an adult education teacher, stepped in to clean the place up.And somehow, the volunteers just kept coming. Every Sunday now, the residents of this town in southwest Spain —young and old — do what needs to be done, whether it is cleaning the streets, raking the leaves, unclogging culverts or planting trees in the park.“It was an initiative from them,” said Mr. García. “Day to day we talked to people and we told them there was no money. Of course, they could see it. The grass in between the sidewalks was up to my thigh. “Higuera de la Serena is in many ways a microcosm of Spain’s troubles. Just as Spain’s national and regional governments are struggling with the collapse of the construction industry, overspending on huge capital projects and a pileup of unpaid bills, the same problems afflict many of its small towns.But what has brought Higuera de la Serena a measure of fame in Spain is that the residents have stepped up where their government has failed. Mr. García says his phone rings regularly from other town officials who want to know how to do the same thing. He is serving without pay, as are the town’s two other elected officials. They are also forgoing the cars and phones that usually come with the job.“We lived beyond our means,” Mr. García said. “We invested in public works that weren’t sensible. We are in technical bankruptcy.” Even some money from the European Union that was supposed to be used for routine operating expenses and last until 2013 has already been spent, he said.Higuera de la Serena, a cluster of about 900 houses surrounded by farmland, and traditionally dependent on pig farming and olives, got swept up in the giddy days of the construction boom. It built a cultural center and invested in a small nursing home. But the projects were plagued by delays and cost overruns.The cultural center still has no bathrooms. The nursing home, a whitewashed building sits on the edge of town, still unopened. Together, they account for some $470,000 of debt owed to the bank. But the rest of the debt is mostly the unpaid bills of a town that was not keeping up with its expenses. It owes for medical supplies, for diesel fuel, for road repair, for electrical work, for musicians who played during holidays.Higuera de la Serena is not completely without workers. It still has a half-time librarian, two half-time street cleaners, someone part-time for the sports complex, a secretary and an administrator, all of whom are paid through various financing streams apart from the town. But the town once had a work force twice the size. And when someone is ill, volunteers haveto step in or the gym and sports complex — open four hours a day — must close.For more than 30 years, I have been wondering about L.R. Generson.On one of our first Christmases together, my husband gave me a complete set of Dickens. There were 20 volumes, bound in gray cloth with black corners, old but in good condition. Stamped on the flyleaf of each volume, in faded block letters, was the name of the previous owner: "L.R. Generson, M.D., Bronx, NY."That Dickens set is one of the best presents anyone has ever given me. A couple of the books are still pristine, but others - “Bleak House,’’ “David Copperfield,’’ and especially “Great Expectations’’ - have been read and re-read almost to pieces. Over the years, the character kept me company. And so, , has L.R. Generson.，in his silent enigmatic way.Did he love the books as much as I do? Who was he? On a whim, I Googled him. There wasn’t much - a single mention on a veterans’ website of a World War II captain named Leonard Generson. But I did find a Dr. Richard Generson, an oral surgeon living in New Jersey. Since Generson is not a common name, I decided to write to him.Dr. Generson was kind enough to write back. He told me that his father, Leonard Richard Generson, was born in 1909. He lived in New Y ork City but went to medical school in Basel, Switzerland. He spoke 10 languages fluently. As an obstetrician and gynecologist, he opened a practice in the Bronx shortly before World War II. His son described him as “an extremely patriotic individual’’; right after Pearl Harbor he closed his practice and enlisted. He served throughout the war as a general surgeon with an airborne special forces unit in Europe, where he became one of the war’s most highly decorated physicians.Leonard Generson’s son didn’t remember the Dickens set, though he told me that there were always a lot of novels in the house. His mother probably “cleaned house’’ after his father’s death in 1977 - the same year my husband bought the set in a used book store.I found this letter very moving, with its brief portrait of an intelligent, brave man and his life of service. At the same time, it made me question my presumption that somehow L.R. Generson and I were connected because we’d owned the same set of books. The letter both told me a little about him, and told me that I would never really know anything about him - and why should I? His son must have been startled to hear from a stranger on such a fragile pretext. What had I been thinking?One possible, and only somewhat facetious, answer is that I’ve read too much Dickens. In the world of a Dickens novel, everything is connected to everything else. Orphans find families. Lovers are joined (or parted and morally strengthened). Ancient mysteries are solved and old scores are settled. Questions are answered. Stories end.Leonard Generson’s life touched mine only lightly, th rough the coincidence of a set of books. But there are other lives he touched more deeply. The next time I read a Dickens novel, I will think of him and his military service and his 10 languages. And I will think of the hundreds of babies he must have delivered, who are now in the middle of their own lives and their own stories.格陵兰岛纳萨克——随着皮艇港(Kayak Harbor)的冰山在融化过程中发出嘶嘶的响声，这座偏远的北极小镇和它的文化，也正在随着气候变化而消失。
翻译资格考试catti三级笔译词汇整合
翻译资格考试catti三级笔译词汇整合学习英语贵在坚持，找到适合自己的方法，多运用多温故。
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翻译资格考试catti三级笔译词汇人口负增长negative populat ion growth (NPG)人口高峰population peak;baby boom人口过剩overpopulation人口红利demographic dividend (The "demographic dividend" has long been thought an important source of Chinas remarkable economic performance. According to World Bank estimates, Chinas advantageous population age structure brought about by such a dividend has contributed more than 30 percent to the countrys economic growth over the past decades. “人口红利”一直被视为中国经济增长奇迹的重要源泉。
据世界银行估计，人口红利带来的人口年龄结构优势对中国近几十年来经济增长的贡献达到了30%以上。
)人口老龄化an aging population人口密度population density人口普查census人口普查员census taker / census enumerator (China has recruited 6.5 million census takers for the next national population census beginning on November 1.These census takers will mostly be made up of local residents and workers from neighborhood or village committees. 我国已经为11 月1 日开始的下一轮全国人口普查招募了650 万人口普查员。
英语笔译综合能力三级
英语笔译综合能力三级1.Ceremonialn. 仪式adj. 正式的A head of state may not have much political power, and may be restricted to ceremonialduties.国家元首也许没有太多政治上的权利，而仅限于礼仪上的职责。
2.stutter-step停顿，顿挫运动（如，足球、篮球、网球）中的一种步法，以停顿和顿挫影响对手的判断；这个短语也有“对于某项工作或举动做游移不定，没有准确的决定”的意思3.cravev. 恳求，渴望He knows that if they trust him, he can give them the happiness which they crave.他知道如果他们信任他，他能够把他们热切渴望的幸福赐予他们。
At this time the inner man began to crave the nourishment.这时，肚子开始咕咕叫着要吃东西了。
4.feten. 庆祝、祭祀、节日；vt. 宴请、招待、给予…巨大的荣誉Despite the bad weather the fete will go ahead.尽管天气不好，庆祝活动会照常进行。
5.anticlimactic突降的，突减的，虎头蛇尾的The conclusion of the movie was anticlimactic.这部电影的结局结束的太仓促。
6.adulationn. 奉承，阿谀7.duckn. 鸭子，急忙蹲下，闪避，<俚>人，家伙vi. 没入水中，闪避vt. 猛按…入水，躲避She had to duck her head to get through the low doorway.她不得不低下头穿过低矮的门口。
The children ducked each other in the swimming pool.孩子们在游泳池里互相把对方按入水中。
三级笔译常用单词
1, summary ['sʌməri] adj.简易的; 扼要的n. 概要，摘要2, enforcement [in'fɔ:smənt] n. 执行，实施；强制3, summarise ['sʌməraiz] vt. 概括；相加4, smooth [smu:ð] adj.平稳的;顺利的vt.消除;缓和5, solemn ['sɔləm] adj. 庄严的，严肃的；隆重的，郑重的6, hall [hɔ:l] n. 门厅，走廊；会堂；食堂；学生宿舍7, ingress ['inɡres] n. 进入；准许进入；入口；入境8, lords n. 上议院；上院议员9, enforcer [in'fɔ:sə] n. 实施者；强制执行者10, proverb ['prɔvə:b] n. 谚语，格言；众所周知的人或事11, prohibit [prəu'hibit] vt. 阻止，禁止12, spectator [spek'teitə, 'spekt-] n. 观众；旁观者13, installation [,instə'leiʃən] n. 安装，装置；就职14, grind [ɡraind] vt.磨快; 磨碎vi.折磨; 磨碎15, grand [ɡrænd] adj.豪华的; 宏伟的n. 大钢琴；一千美元16, summarization [,sʌmərai'zeiʃən, -ri'z-] n. 摘要；概要17, comply [kəm'plai] vi. 答应；遵守；顺从，遵从18, ingredient [in'ɡri:diənt] n.原料; 要素adj. 构成组成部分的19, prohibitive [prəu'hibitiv] adj. 禁止的，禁止性的；抑制的；类同禁止的；过高的20, instable [in'steibl] adj. 不稳定的；不牢固的21, install [in'stɔ:l] vt. 任命；安装；安顿22, accelerate [ək'seləreit] vt.使……增速; 使……加快vi. 加速；促进；增加23, solemnity [sə'lemnəti] n. 严肃；庄严；一本正经24, association [ə,səusi'eiʃən, ə,səuʃi'ei-] n. 协会，联盟，社团；联合；联想25, logging ['lɔɡiŋ, 'lɔ:ɡ-] n. 记录;伐木工作v. 把…锯成段木；砍伐树木26, log [lɔɡ, lɔ:ɡ] vi. 伐木vt.切;航行27, upgrade ['ʌpɡreid, ʌp'ɡreid] vt. 提升;使升级n.上升;上坡28, stimulation [,stimju'leiʃən] n. 激励，鼓舞；刺激29, parliament ['pɑ:ləmənt] n. 议会，国会30, dimension [di'menʃən, dai-] n. 维;尺寸vt. 标出尺寸31, proverbial [prəu'və:bjəl] adj. 谚语的；谚语式的；众所周知的32, retrieve [ri'tri:v] vt.检索;恢复vi. 找回猎物33, smoothly ['smu:ðli] adv. 平稳地，平滑地；流畅地，流利地34, resolute ['rezəlju:t, -lət] adj. 坚决的；果断的35, assert [ə'sə:t] vt. 断言；主张；声称；维护，坚持36, summon ['sʌmən] vt. 召唤；召集；鼓起；振作37, installer n. 安装者，安装工；安装程序38, summarize ['sʌməraiz] vt.概述; 总结vi. 作总结；作概括39, enforce [in'fɔ:s] vt. 强迫，强制；实施，执行40, prohibition [,prəuhi'biʃən] n. 禁止；禁令；诉讼中止令；禁酒41, inquire [in'kwaiə] vt.查究;问明vi. 询问；查究；询价42, installment [in'stɔ:lmənt] n. 分期付款；部分；就职；安装install vt. 安装；任命；安顿43, expense [ik'spens] n. 损失，代价；消费；开支vt. 向…收取费用vi. 被花掉44, foil [fɔil] vt.衬托;贴箔于n.叶形片;衬托，烘托45, terminal ['tə:minəl] n.极限;终点adj. 末端的；终点的；晚期的46, spectate ['spekteit] vi. 出席观看47, expensive [ik'spensiv] adj. 昂贵的；花钱的李总理的记者会大白话多，但其实要用英语翻译出汉语原文的韵味来也不容易，因为李总理特别喜欢“打比方”。
笔译三级中的名词解释
笔译三级中的名词解释第三单元经济发展Economy1.毋庸置疑的beyond question2.名人personality3.能力capacity4.屈服，死于succumb5. 停滞stagnation6.中世纪的medieval7.生产能力productive powers8.有效性，根据validity9.激增，扩散proliferation10.使虚弱，使衰弱debilitate11.使失去人性dehumanizing12.自相矛盾paradoxical13.拥塞congestion14.与…格斗，努力克服grapple with 15.paradoxical effect : 适得其反，荒谬的结果16.have every reason to :有一切理由（做某事）17.全球化globalization18.信心技术information technologies19.跨国公司transnational corporations20.世界贸易world trade21. 明显的dramatic22.债卷bonds23. 通信communication24.商业订单business orders25.远洋运输货轮oceangoing vessels26. 市场价值market value27. 转包subcontract28.汇钱remittance29.收入来源source of income第四单元经济合作Economic Cooperation1.突然来临的急流，猛增surge2.积累总需求aggregate demand3.经常项目current –account4.赤字deficit5.升值appreciation6.实际汇率real exchange rate7.宏观经济macroeconomic8.开发，自由化Liberalization9.消除，抑制，压抑dampen10.变动性volatility11.在这个当口at this juncture12.有价证劵portfolio13.估值valuation14.有利于，有助于conducive 15.逆差/顺差deficit / surplus16.不对称asymmetry17.国际储备货币international reserve currencies18.浮动汇率floating exchange rates19.可持续性sustainability20.贸易保护主义政策protectionist trade policies21.多极化multipolar22.市场经济体market economies23.综合调整措施blend of adjustments24.融资渠道sources of finace汉译英：1.知识产权intellectual property rights(IPR)2.知识经济knowledge-based economy3.自主创新independent innovation4.国际竞争力international competitiveness5.空前活跃unprecedentedly dynamic6.基本国策basic state policy7.优化升级optimize and upgrade8.小康社会well-off society9.核心竞争力core competiveness10.轻工产品light industry product11.高新技术产品high-tech product第五单元历史文化History1.lean-to 单坡屋顶，披屋，披棚2.难于忍受的贫困，极度贫困grinding poverty3.停止，放松，减弱letup4.预先处理，预先了解；取消赎取抵押品之权利；foreclose5.过期未付overdue6.(收割蔬菜或摘果子时) 弯腰劳动；弯腰作业stoop labor7.格兰德河the Rio Grande 8.驱逐出境deport9.落在…后面;拖欠…fall behind10.(因…而)闷闷不乐，使心情沉重沮丧等。
笔译三级词汇1
motivation动机
catalist催化剂
spread传播
stage举行
pledge保证
resounding轰动的
previously以前
deliver交付
regorously严厉地
scrutiny详细审查
estimate估计
contingency可能发生的事
torture苦恼
matrimony婚礼
wedding婚宴
numptical婚礼的
martial模糊的
vague模糊的
obscure晦涩的
muddled混乱的
imitation模仿
authentic真正的
raw生的
gross总的
coarse粗糙的
spurious假的
sham虚假的
ceremonial仪式上
crave渴望
credibility可信性
campaign活 动
leak泄露
hesitancy踌躇
slum平民窟
interpret口译
gravest阴沉的
demeanor行为举止
notion概念
discrimination歧视
description描述
review回顾
package套装
emergy暴露
jointly共同的
commission收到委任
competitive竞争性的
regeneration重建
ebb衰减
dedicated专用的
jubilee欢乐的节日
majesty最高权威
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英译汉词汇第一单元secret treasures GuatemalaPanamaBelizeHondurasEl SalvadorNicaraguaCosta Ricenatural beautynature reservescratersulphurboonhordescone-shapedArenal V olcanorundowncome into close contact Mayaworld cultural heritage World Heritage Committee World Heritage ListWorld Natural Heritage UNESCO第二单元environmental movements philosophical ideologies philosophical essence biotic communityself-enrichingeconomic dynamicsnon-profit organization mainstreampromisingsustainable development put...into practice ecotourismnothing more than in itselfin excess ofmass tourismTravel Industry Association of America package costcommon groundto recognize sth. aschampionviableoverruncarrying capacityfulfillmentoverridingvice versaconcerted ~ attackthe World Wildlife Fundan incredible opportunityrest with第三单元beyond questionpersonalitycapacitysuccumbstagnationmedievalproductive powersvalidityproliferationdebilitatedehumanizingparadoxicalcongestiongrapple witha noted stage personalityThe Wealth of Nationsget in/out of rutruton balanceparadoxical effecthave every reason to...第四单元surgeaggregate demandcurrent-accountdeficitappreciationreal exchange rate macroeconomicliberalizationdampenvolatilityat this junctureportfoliovaluationconductive todeficit/surplusasymmetryinternational reserve currencies floating exchange rates sustainabilityprotectionist trade policies multipolarmarket economiestake a different form and charactera balanced expansion and deployment blend of adjustmentkey playersto do one`s jobsources of finance第五单元lean-togrinding povertyletupforecloseoverduestoop laborthe Rio Grandedeportfall behindweigh(sb.)down(with...) refrainboxcarhobohobo junglethe Great Depression with no letup in sight patch第六单元consign toflairmidfieldersquadshort-track speed skating head the ball hometie the scorepost-goaldispenseput a damper on relegatethe World Cupafter-thoughtseesawshowboatgive way to第七单元cash receipts bioclimatic factorheat wave/heat stressCO2 concentration grassland/pasture/prarie grazingcullherd capacitymastitisrevenuemean summer temperature mean moisturemean priceGreenwich Mean Timea doubling of第八单元consumer goods capital goods paramountretail storerevenue-producing conductive to allocation preliminaryrough sketchmock-upworking drawing finishing and assembly working model proving grounddiefull-scaleother thanwear and tear obsolescence disposablerelative importance applicable to all第九单元fraymireanarchicliberalraison d`etat arbitration propensityaversiondisparitymaultoppleMachtpolitikscoffrepealcollisionmaking a noble effort all-important 第十单元Lisbon Treatypermanent president European Council European Commission executive branch\ forebodingquasiexternal-affairs commissioner European Parliarment rotating EU presidency unanimityvetofront-runnertarputativeincumbentin cahoots withtrioludicrousdisproverule outWim DuisenbergJean-Claude Trichet Schengen zoneEurovision Song Contest Jose Manuel Barroso第十一单元enactreaffirmself-reformon the risethink twiceembark onexpert commission contemplatechronic and acute diseases arthritiscardiovascular diseaseanti-depressionanti-psychoticat issueintellectual property stringentvocalin the airinformedmake a wave of breakthroughs break a wave of breakthroughs第十二单元globalizationacademic institution concomitantmobilityubiquitousstimulateaccruephilanthropicdiverseelitebrain drainbrain exchangeperipheryat a disadvantagedeceivingly postsecondary educationthe relevant age grouppublic goodprivate good第十三单元patron saintshroudvestigeEmperor Claudius II confinementmurkythe Middle Agesfeast daychristianizepurificationFaunus hidesacrificial bloodmating seasonready-made cardpostage ratesLupercaliaLupercifar from第十四单元acid rainsulphur dioxide smokestacksnitric acidvulnerability contaminatepolar-bearirreversiblestarvationozone layerhazardous pharmaceuticalhack downredistributeforthcomingsufficientlydeteriorationChernobyl Accident ship...offGuinea-Bissau collectively第十五单元foster careinstitutional child-rearing orphanagecomparison group biological families developmental psychologists adoption procedures Guatemalascreendistinct cryethical issueabandoned childrenbluntresponsive care giving第十六单元lie withthe environmental influences of our behavior,our personalities and our health biological determinismdispose humanity to...give sb./sth. credit forcleared on appealthe human genome raceperfect pitch/absolute pitch。