第四讲 数 词
7汉语词类教学-数词与量词全解PPT课件

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四、量词教学
• (一)量词教学中存在的主要问题 • 1、“个”的泛化严重 • 2、量词的语义色彩(形象色彩、情感色
彩、语体色彩)较为琐细,这是错误较 多的原因。 • 一个月亮 一轮明月 一泓满月 一弯新月 • 一个球迷 一位球迷 一伙球迷
• 少写些/点也没关系。 • 希望你多做些/点。
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• 2、差异
• (1)口语中,“点”用得多一些。
• (2)在表示不定量方面,“些”比“点”的 量大。
• (3)均可受“这么”“那么”修饰,但“这 么点”“那么点”强调数量少,“这么 些”“那么些”往往强调数量多。
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C 度量词:
• 称说度量衡单位的量词,包括重量、长度、面 积、体积、容积、货币等的单位。
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• 2、动量词:
• 用在动词后面,表示动作数量的单位的量词。 次回 遍 趟 阵
• 场 一下(儿) 番 顿 • 注意:有些借用名词的动量词:
如:踢一脚 看一眼 叫一声 • 量词重叠: • 天天=每一天 人人=每一个人 • 场场=每一场
解释:*一把苹果 *一把篮球
3 筷子、胡子、韭菜 特征:细长的;可用手抓起数个的 把:用手掐合的量,拇指跟其他手指对接的量;集合量
解释:*一把书 *一把礼品
4 扩展引导:手张得很大抓/拿
手张得很小抓/拿
(抓了)一大把(花生米/筷子) (抓了)一小把(花生米/筷子)
解释:*一大把剪子 *一小把伞
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• 注意: • 家庭的排列: • 老大、老二、老三、老小; *小哥 • 大哥、二哥 • 大姨、二姨 小姨 • 张大妈一共有两个孩子,老大是男孩,……
2019高考英语语法突破四大篇第三部分专题4数词讲义(含参考答案)

高考英语语法突破四大篇:专题4 数词框架结构图基数词的构成及作用1.常用基数词表ⅠⅡⅢone eleven thirtytwo twelve fortythree thirteen fiftyfour fourteen sixtyfive fifteen seventysix sixteen eightyseven seventeen ninetyeight eighteen hundrednine nineteen thousandten twenty million/billion2.基数词构成歌诀1至12逐个记,13至19 teen结尾。
20至90整十位,ty结尾是后缀。
要是表示“几十几”,连字符十位连个位。
若要表示“几百几”,hundred之后and立。
若要用于复合形容词,连字符相连不加-s。
注意:(1)hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前有基数词或several时,须用单数;与of连用时,用复数,但其前面不能再加数词。
如:six hundred people hundreds of people(2)dozen前有具体数词修饰时,用单数,of可省略;当dozen后面接these,those,them,us等词时,须先接of,再接这些词,但dozen仍不加-s;dozens of中的of不可省。
score 用法和dozen相当,但of一般不省略。
several dozen pencils dozens of studentsthree dozen of these eggs two dozen of themtwo score of eggs scores of books3.基数词的位置常位于another,all之后,such,more之前,可置于last,next,other之前或之后。
another two days all the ten booksone more apple two such penshis last two days/his two last days4.基数词的句法功能(1)主语Three will be enough.(2)宾语The city has a population of three million.(3)表语The population of this city is nearly two million.(4)同位语They two went to the cinema.(5)定语The river is about eight miles long.序数词的构成及作用1.常用序数词表ⅠⅡⅢfirst eleventh thirtiethsecond twelfth fortieththird thirteenth fiftiethfourth fourteenth sixtiethfifth fifteenth seventiethsixth sixteenth eightieth seventh seventeenth ninetieth eighth eighteenth hundredth ninth nineteenth thousandthtenth twentieth millionth/billionth注意:21以上的多位数词,只将末位数变为序数词,前面的其他位数仍用基数词。
高考语文第一轮 第4讲 正确使用词语(实词、虚词)教案

2012届高考第一轮复习《第4讲正确使用词语(实词、虚词)》精析精练教学案一、考纲阐释词语的使用,一直是高考命题的重点和热点。
最新《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》(课程标准实验版)明确规定:正确使用词语(包括熟语),能力层级为E级。
“使用”是指考查考生使用词语的能力在于理解和辨析,同时也表明词语的具体解释、词性、结构等知识不是考查的范围,只是必须掌握的基础。
具体考查包括两个层面:正确理解,正确使用。
即正确理解词语(包括熟语)在具体语言环境中的意义,并能根据语境正确使用词语(包括熟语)等。
其中不仅包含词语使用是否正确的问题,还包含使用是否更好的问题。
本考点涉及实词、虚词和熟语三个方面,本部分重点解析实词和虚词。
实词主要指名词、动词、形容词、代词,虚词主要指副词、介词、连词。
二、考点透析(一)实词正确使用实词的前提是正确理解实词。
近几年高考侧重于考查近义词的辨析和使用能力。
近义词主要有两类:一是同音近义词,如:“学力”和“学历”,“必须”和“必需”;二是异音近义词,如:“迟缓”和“犹豫”,“称道”和“称奇”。
无论哪种类型,准确把握词语含义,辨析、判断用法迥异或微殊的词语都是高考不变的考查方向。
近义实词的辨析主要包括以下几个方面:1.从意义方面辨析(1)辨明范围有很多近义词适用范围的大小是不同的,有的大一些,有的小一些;有的概括的是事物的总的方面,有的概括的是其中的某一部分。
只有准确把握词语的适用范围,才能正确地辨别。
如:“事件”和“事情”都表示人类生活中的活动和社会现象,但“事件”限于指历史上或社会上的不平常的大事情,适用范围小;“事情”可指人类生:活的一切活动和所遇到的一切社会现象,适用的范围广。
又如:“边疆”和“边境”,前者指靠近国界的领土;范围较大;而后者指靠近边界的地方,所指范围较小。
如果不注意它们的使用范围和搭配习惯,就会用错。
(2)把握轻重词义的轻重不同,它的用法也就不一样。
一组词的意义基本相同,但是有的适用于重要的、较大的事物,有的适用于一般的事物;有的表示程度深、性质重,有的表示程度浅、性质轻。
第四讲 介词、数词、限定词.学生版)doc

第四讲代词、数词、限定词、介词考点解析一、常考介词短语at the risk of; at the cost of; at the sight of;beyond control/reach; by accident; by mistake; by means of; by no means; by all means; by heart/learn…by heart; by the way;for good; for the sake of; for fear of; for short; for the benefit of; in the course of; in addition to; in any case; in case of; in honor of; in terms of; in brief; in charge of;in contrast to/with; in detail; in vain; in effect; in/out of danger/fashion/practice/shape/question/(no problem)/the question/on account of; on end; on duty; on the contrary; on the base of; on behalf of; on purpose; on schedule; on a large/small scale; on the verge of; on the edge of;to some/a great/ certain extent;to the point; to one’s joy/astonishment;under control/discussion/consideration/circumstances; other than/apart from; rather than真题聚焦1. What he said is worthy ____ note.(2002)A. inB. ofC. toD. on2. Mr. Smith is too busy to spare any time, ____ Sunday afternoon.A. only inB. except forC. unless onD. except on3. ____ the fact that I don’t like my job, I must work very hard.A. In spite ofB. Instead ofC. As toD. In case of4. He stays _____ till eleven o’clock every morning.A. in bedB. in a bedC. in the bedD. on the bed5. The exam will be on the first half of the book. That means we’ll have to finish ____.A. fifteenth chapterB. fifteen chapterC. chapter fifteenD. chapter fifteenth6. I didn’t go to his party last night, because ____, I changed my mind.A. on a second thoughtB. by second thoughtsC. on second thoughtsD. on the second thought7.Jack can never find his textbook, his tape, ____.A. calculator and homeworkB. his calculator and homeworkC. calculator and his homeworkD. his calculator and his homework8.Michael is home after a year in German. He looks just ____ before.A. same likeB. as same asC. the sameD. the same as9.The pen I am writing my letter with is different from ____.(2003)A. that oneB. oneC. the oneD. the ones10. I tried to catch the ball but it was ____ my reach.A. beyondB. besidesC. in addition toD. as well as11. ____ new products have been successfully trial-produced.A. A great ofB. A large amount ofC. A plenty ofD. A large number of12. You must pack plenty of food for the journey, ____, you’ll need warm clothes, so pack them too.A. on the wholeB. otherwiseC. howeverD. likewise13. I couldn’t find ____, and so I took this one.A. a large coat enoughB. a large enough coatC. an enough large coatD. a coat enough large14. ____ a young woman, the office was empty.(2004)A. But forB. Except forC. BesidesD. Except15. He was caught in the rain yesterday; ____, he fell ill this morning.A. on the contraryB. in contrastC. in other wordsD. as a result16.It is very convention for me to go to work every day because the bus runs ____.(2005)A. every-ten-minuteB. every tenth minuteC. every tenth minutesD. every ten minute17. His son is quite well now, ____ a slight fever.A. exceptB. besidesC. in addition toD. except for18. What you are saying had nothing to do with the question ____ discussion.A. atB. onC. inD. under19. The classroom is quite clean ___ some waste paper on the floor.A. except forB.exceptC. besidesD. without20. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people ___ harm them. (anhui 05)A. rather thanB. other thanC. more thanD. better than21. ____ of danger, he jumped into the river all at once.A. BecauseB. In termsC. InsteadD. Regardless22. All parts of the house ___ the windows were in good condition. (shanxi 05)A. other thanB. rather thanC. no more thanD. better than23. The big room was almost empty ___ a table or two.A. besidesB. exceptC. in addition toD. except for24. Much ____ my regret, I am unable to accept your kind invitation.(2007)A. toB. atC. withD. by25. It ought to be you ____ me that signs the letter.A. butB. in spite ofC. ratherD. rather than26. I have been to the West Lake three times ____ 1970.A. sinceB. untilC. fromD. after27. When drinking from a well, one mustn’t forget who dug it. (2008)A. thisB. theseC. thatD. those28. It was almost dark in the street a few very powerful spotlights.A. excludingB. except forC. exceptD. but for29. Mary and Jane are twin sisters. They look exactly .A. likeB. sameC. alikeD. same ones30. I hope to meet you again next year.A. sometimesB. timesC. sometimeD. some time31.Whether you learn or not is entirely _____ you. (2009)A. up toB. as toC. about toD. due to32. We object ____ punishing a whole group for one person’s fault.A. againstB. aboutC. toD. for33. Finally he got time for a glance ____ this report. (2010)A. offB. roundC. onD. at34. Would you spare some time to have a chat with me ____ a cup of coffee?A. forB. WithC. duringD. over35. Having a good command of English is ____ an easy thing.A. by all meansB. by any meansC. by every meansD. by no means36. It is useful to be able to predict the extent _____ which a price change will influence supply and demand.A. fromB. WithC. toD. for37. He will pass two milestones _____, that is, he will receive his master degree and find a challenging jobs.(2011)A. long agoB. not long agoC. before longD. long before38. I don’t think it will rain, but I’ll take an umbrella ____ it does.A. as ifB. in caseC. as thoughD. even if39. The manner _____ which he talked reminded us _____his grandfather. (2012)A. on; towardsB. at; inC. for; byD. in; of40. This treatment works for people of all ages, for the baby ____ for the old man.A. as far asB. as much asC. as long asD. as well as41.The last time I saw her was ____ my brother’s wedding ceremony three years ago.(2014) 41-51A.toB.atC.inD.during42.I have two children but _____ of them likes fruits.A.noneB.eitherC.neitherD.both43.He might have been killed _____ the arrival of the police.A.except forB.withC.forD.but for44.Some areas, _____ their severe weather conditions, are sparely(节俭的;稀少的)populated.A.due toB.but forC.in spite ofD.with regard to45.Many teenagers feel no difficulty _____ computor.A.to learnB.learnC.in learningD.learned46.Henry planned to visit _____ country besides England.A.some otherB.every otherC.several othersD.other47.Students should develop a good attitude _____ tests.A.forB.withC.onD.towards48.No one should blind himself ____ the well-known fact.A.withB.toC.forD.over49.In my bedroom, there is a pair of scissors, a stack of books and ____ flowers on my desk.A.a piece ofB.a pocket ofC.a slice ofD.a bunch of50.____ my delight, our school football team won the game easily.A.InB.OfC.ToD.For51._____ driving to work, Mr. Lead usually goes to his office downtown by train.A.WithoutB. Instead ofC. In case ofD. In spite of1-5BBAAC 6-10CBDAA 11-15DDBBD 16-20BDDAA21-25DADAD 26-30ADBCD 31-35ACDDD 36-40CCBDD41-45BCDAC 46-51ADBDCB专业英语介词、代词真题1. The criminal always paid ____ cash so the police could not track him down. (2002)A. byB. forC. ofD. in2. They have been trying to arrive at a practical solution ____ the problem.A. toB. inC. withD. at3. He is ____ of a musician.(2003)A. anybodyB. anyoneC. somebodyD. something4. ____ he knew little about the work.A. In the beginningB. At the beginningC. At lastD. In the end5. John can’t express his idea ____.A. in a wordB. in wordsC. in wordD. by word6. ____ is a well educated man.A. This Bob’s new friendB. That’s Bob’s new friendC. This new friend of BobD. This new friend of Bob’s● this/that /these/those+of…Look at those dirty hands of yours.I really appreciate th is ideas of Henry’s.That lovely cat of yoursThese questions of yours.7. ____ can we yield to the pressure.(2004)A. By and largeB. By means ofC. In returnD. By no means8. _____ your poor record in school, we think that you should study harder.A. In view ofB. In spite ofC. In charge ofD. In case of9. ____ as 2500 B.C., the Egyptians used mirrors made of highly polished metal. (2005)A. In earlyB. As earlyC. EarlyD. It was early10. It is reported that ____ adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.A. the mostB. most ofC. mostD. the most of11. In recent years much more emphasis has been put ____ developing the students productive skills.A. ontoB. overC. inD. on12. As far as he’s concerned, one piece of music is very much like ____.(2006)A. anotherB. one anotherC. otherD. the other13. The supervisor didn’t have time so far to go into it ____, but he gave us an idea about his plan.A. handB. in turnC. at lengthD. in conclusion14. The woman over there is ____ mother.A. Julia and MaryB. Julia and Mary’sC. Julia’s and Mary’sD. Julia’s and MaryAnn and Jane’s bedroomAnn’s and Jane’s bedrooms15. Before the tourists set off, they spent much time setting a limit ____ the expenses of the trip.A. forB. inC. toD. about16. The new evidence threw some light ____ the case.A. inB. toC. atD. on17. _____ gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicated problems.A. Not onlyB. UnlessC. ExceptD. Besides18. He climbed up into the tree and picked all the fruit ____ reach.A. withinB. beyondC. offD. inside19. ___ the advance of sciences, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us. (2007)A. As forB. DespiteC. BesidesD. Except20. ____ lessons were not difficult.A. Our few first short EnglishB. Our few first English shortC. Few our first English shortD. Our first few short English21. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation especially ___ containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. such22. Theoretically speaking, the ratio of the work done by the machine ___ the work done on it is called the efficiency of the machine.A. andB. toC. ofD. against23. Children are very curious ____.A. at heartB. in personC. by natureD. on purpose24.___ your family, don't take so many risks.A. On behalfB. In honor ofC. For the sake ofD. In favor of25. This is ___ the first time you have been late.A. under no circumstancesB. on no accountC. for no reasonD. by no means26. The boy who is talking with your teacher is ___ an athlete.A. anything but(根本不;决不)B. none but(只有)C. all but(几乎)D. something but27. Summer rains came almost _____ as the crops needed them. (2008)A. as a resultB. in a hurryC. on scheduleD. forever28. ———should any money be given to a small child.A. On no accountB. Of no accountC. From all accountsD. By all accounts29. ____ of them knows about the plan because it was secret.(2009)A. SomeB. No oneC. AnyD. None30. You can’t see the president ______ you’ve made an appointment with him.A. ifB. unlessC. whenD. except31. Teachers have no right to force their own opinions ____ the students.A. uponB. atC. inD. to32. Do you know what she is majoring _____ at college now?A. onB. atC. withD. in33. _____ forecast the weather it will rain heavily late this morning.A. On account ofB. Because ofC. According toD. Due to34. When we have difficulty ______ obtaining desired objects or reaching desired goals we experience negative emotions such as grief and anger.A. atB. inC. onD. with35. Some students are quick _____ figures. (2010)A. toB. forC. inD. at36. _____ of gift-giving, barter, buying, and selling goes on among the Navajos.A. A great dealB. A great manyC. Much greaterD. Many37. He looked quite healthy though he was _____.A. in seventyB. in his seventyC. at seventiesD. at the age of seventy38. By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular _____ children as Coca-cola.A. forB. inC. toD. with39. He was asked _____ time to hand in his dictation.A. the secondB. a firstC. the firstD. a second40. What he said just now had little to do with the question _____ discussion.A. onB. inC. underD. at41. “Does he speak English or Russian?”“He doesn’t speak _____.”(2011)A. eitherB. neitherC. allD. none42. My sister is going to visit Xi’an with _____ friends. (2013)A. other her two littleB. her other little twoC. her two other littleD. her two little other43. The little girl was left alone, with _____ to look after her.A. anyoneB. someoneC. not oneD. no one44. Her answer is not acceptable, and _____.A. neither am IB. mine is neitherC. either is mineD. neither is mine45.He is now confined _____ the hospital by illness. (2014)A.inB. toC. withD. at46.While Tony was talking in the street, he came _____ an old classmate of his.A.intoB. acrossC. ontoD. up with47.His salary as a bus driver is much higher than _____.A.that of a teacherB. those of a teacherC. these of a teacherD. this of a teacherKeys:1-5AADAC 6-10DDABB 11-15DACBC 16-20DDABD21-25ABCCD 26-30BCADB 31-35ADCBD 36-40 ADDDC41-47ACDDBBA三、模拟训练1. The criminal always paid ____ cash so the police could not track him down.A. byB. forC. ofD. in2. They have been trying to arrive at a practical solution ____ the problem.A. toB. inC. withD. at3. He is ____ of a musician.A. anybodyB. anyoneC. somebodyD. something4. ____ he knew little about the work.A. In the beginningB. At the beginningC. At lastD. In the end5. John can’t express his idea ____.A. in a wordB. in wordsC. in wordD. by word6. ____ is a well educated man.A. This Bob’s new friendB. That’s Bob’s new friendC. This new friend of BobD. This new friend of Bob’s7. ____ can we yield to the pressure.A. By and largeB. By means ofC. In returnD. By no means8. ____ your poor record in school, we think that you should study harder.A. In view ofB. In spite ofC. In charge ofD. In case of9. ____ as 2500 B.C., the Egyptians used mirrors made of highly polished metal.A. In earlyB. As earlyC. EarlyD. It was early10. It is reported that ____ adopted children want to know who their natural parentsare.A. the mostB. most ofC. mostD. the most of11. In recent years much more emphasis has been put ____ developing the studentsproductive skills.A. ontoB. overC. inD. on12. As far as he’s concerned, one piece of music is very much like ____.A. anotherB. one anotherC. otherD. the other13. The supervisor didn’t have time so far to go into it ____, but he gave us an ideaabout his plan.A. handB. in turnC. at lengthD. in conclusion14. The woman over there is ____ mother.A. Julia and MaryB. Julia and Mary’sC. Julia’s and Mary’sD. Julia’s and Mary15. Before the tourists set off, they spent much time setting a limit ____ the expensesof the trip.A. forB. inC. toD. about16. The new evidence threw some light ____ the case.A. inB. toC. atD. on17. ____ gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicatedproblems.A. Not onlyB. UnlessC. ExceptD. Besides18. He climbed up into the tree and picked all the fruit ____ reach.A. withinB. beyondC. offD. inside19. ____ the advance of sciences, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always bewith us.A. As forB. DespiteC. BesidesD. Except20. ____ lessons were not difficult.A. Our few first short EnglishB. Our few first English shortC. Few our first English shortD. Our first few short EnglishKeys: 1—5AADAC 6—10DDABB 11—15DACBC 16—20DDABD。
初中英语语法精讲讲义(完整版)

(内部资料) 2018.1目录第一讲名词第二讲冠词第三讲代词第四讲数词第五讲介词第六讲形容词和副词第七讲连词第八讲情态动词第九讲非谓语动词第十讲时态第十一讲被动语态第十二讲祈使句、倒装句、反意疑问句和感叹句第十三讲宾语从句第十四讲定语从句第十五讲状语从句第十六讲主谓一致第十七讲情景交际第十八讲词义辨析附录I 重点短语概述一、概述语法是研究词形变化和句子结构的科学,研究词形变化的部分成为词法(名词的数、格,动词的时态、语态),研究句子结构的部分称为句法(句子成分、语序,句子种类)。
二、英语词类词类英语作用在句中成分例词1名词n.表示人或物的名称主、宾、表、定、同位mother, son 2形容词adj.表示人或物的特征定、表、补、状big, small 3数词num.表示数目或顺序主、宾、nine, first 4代词pron.代替名词,数词主语宾语定语he, him, his 5动词v.表示动作或状态谓come, write 6副词adv.表示动作特征或性状特征状、表very, slowly 7冠词art.用在名词前说明其意义不做成分a, an, the8介词prep.用在名代前说明它与别的词之间的关系不做成分for, from, to 9连词conj.用来连接词与词或句与句不做成分and, but, if 10感叹词interj.表示说话时的感情或口气不做成分oh, ow三、句子成分句子中有两个最重要最基本的成分,主语和谓语。
除了主语和谓语,句子有时还有其他成分,宾语、定语、状语、表语等。
主语:一般位于句首,说明所要讲述的对象或主体,表示要说的“谁”或“什么”,一般由名词、代词或名词性的词类、短语或从句充当。
We often practise speaking English after class.Your father’s car is new.Watching English films is a good way to learn English.谓语:位于主语之后,说明主语的情况(动作或状态)---“做什么”“是什么”“怎么样”。
数 词教案

数词(一) 知识概要数词用来表示人或物的数目多少和顺序。
所以数词主要有两种:基数词,用于计数,如:one, two…而序数词用于表示位置先后或次序,台:first second…其构成法如下:阿拉伯数字基数词序数词简写序数词基变序有规律,词尾要加th(fourth). 一二三特殊记,词尾字母t d d (first second third ), 八去t(eight),九去e(ninth),f 要把ve替(fifth),要是遇到整十数,y 变为ie再加th (twentieth )。
要是遇到几十几,后面的个位序数词(thirty-first)1 one-first 1st2 two-second 2nd3 three-third 3rd4four -fourth 4th5 five-fifth 5th6 six -sixth 6th7 seven-seventh 7th8 eight-eighth 8th9 nine -ninth 9th10 ten -tenth 10th11 eleven -eleventh 11th12 twelve -twelfth12th13 thirteen-thirteenth 13th14fourteen-fourteenth 14th15 fifteen -fifteenth 15th16 sixteen -sixteenth16th17 seventeen-seventeenth 17th18 eighteen -eighteenth 18th 19 nineteen -nineteenth 19th20 twenty -twentieth 20th21 twenty-one -twenty-first 21st30 thirty ――thirtieth 30th40 forty -fortieth 40th50 fifty -fiftieth 50th60 sixty -sixtieth60th70 seventy -seventieth 70th80 eighty -eightieth 80th90 ninety -ninetieth 90th100 a(one)hundred -hundredth 100th 104one hundred and four-hundred and fourth104th1000 a(one) thousand -thousandth 1000th10000 ten thousand -ten thouns andth10000th1000000 one million -millionth1000000th基数词与序数词都有一定的构成方法,但都有特殊例外的几个字,所以除了要学会一般构成法之外,还要特别记熟一些例外。
第四讲 缩略词语、聚合词、成对词、典故词等

第四讲缩略词语、聚合词、成对词、典故词等一.缩略词语1.关于缩略词语的定义关于缩略词语的定义,目前至少有以下三种意见:第一种意见认为,缩略词语是“普通话中由固定说法经过压缩和简略而形成的词语”,这种意见对缩略词语的原式给予了限制,即原式必须是固定语。
第二种意见认为缩略词语是“从已相对稳固了的较复杂的词和短语中,直接或间接地抽取其主要成分(词素、词)形成简短的词语,表示与原复杂词语相同的意义”的一种词汇现象,这种意见对缩略词语的原式予以了更为严格的限制。
第三种意见认为“音节较长的组合形式通过缩略而形成的音节较短的形式”是缩略词语,这种意见比较宽松,既不对缩略词语的原式给予限制,也不对缩略的方式和手段加以限制。
目前大家比较认同的是第三种意见。
下面这些现象的归属?民间习俗——民俗,人民大众——民众,人民中间——民间,民用航空——民航,民庭——民事法庭,北京——京,吉林——吉,大型奔驰牌轿车——大奔,中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会——十六大,打击非法出版活动——打非,抢夺、抢劫——双抢。
我们的意见:缩略词语是由现代汉语中目前仍在使用的词语通过减缩法而形成的词汇现象。
我们认为,作为缩略词语应该具备以下三个条件:一是原式必须是现代汉语中仍在使用着的词语;二是缩略形式必须是由原式通过减缩法而形成;三是缩略形式必须保留原式中的部分构成成分。
2.缩略词语和简称缩略词语同通常所说的“简称”之间是一种什么关系,也是学术界争论不休的话题。
一种意见认为简称就是缩略词语,两者是一码事。
一种意见认为简称和缩略词语有别,两者有着质的不同。
一种意见认为缩略词语和简称是一种属种关系、上下位关系,简称是缩略词语的一种。
目前,比较通行的是第一种意见,即简称就是缩略词语,两者异名同实。
几乎所有的目前高校通用的《现代汉语》教材均采纳了这种意见。
3.缩略词语、简称和别称在不少讨论缩略词语的论著中均会提及同“简称”或“缩略词语”有别的所谓“别称”,认为别称是“在正式名称之外还有另一个用以称呼它的名称”,“别称大都另选一个有别于原来名称的词语来表示”。
初中英语中考复习 第4讲 数词 备战2023年中考英语一轮复习重点知识课件

B.three quarter s;are D.three quarter ;are
cover ed
7.(2022·乌鲁木齐)
students went to the univer sity to listen to
【注意】“单数名词+基数词”可转换成“the+序数词+单数名词”, 此时名词的第一个字母不大写。如:Lesson Three=the thir d lesson 第三课。
【方法技巧】 名词在前要用基,名词在后就用序。
(5)“ 基 数 词 + 单 数 名 词 ” 相 当 于 复 合 形 容 词 作 定 语 。 如 : a three-year -old girl 一个三岁大的女孩。复合形容词中的名词一定是单数。 复合形容词不能作表语,后面必须跟上所修饰的名词。
3.(2022·襄阳)—Is Dongjin High-speed Railway Station the B
largest in Hubei Province?
—Yes,of course.It's just a little smaller than the largest one in Wuhan.
【注意】hundred,thousand,million,billion 前有具体数字或 several 修饰时,不用复数形式;表示不确定数目时,要在其后加-s 和 of。如:three hundred students 三百名学生;thousands of students 成千上万的学生。
2.基数词的用法 (1)表示数量的多少。 (2)表示年份或日期,年用基数词,日用序数词。如:1999 年 12 月 20 日读作 December the twentieth,nineteen ninety-nine。 (3)表示时刻。如:7:00 读作 seven o'clock; 8:30 读作 half past eight/eight thirty; 3:05 读作 five past three/three five; 5:48 读作 twelve to six/five forty-eight。
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年份的表示法: in 1905 (in nineteen o five) in 1945 ( in nineteen forty-five) in 2005 (in two thousand and five) 钟点表示法: 7:30 seven thirty 或者: half past seven 7:15 seven fifteen或者: a quarter past seven 7:10 seven ten或者: ten past seven 7:55 seven fifty-five或者: five to eight
数
词制作人:灵武一中邱佼 贵第四讲 数 词
数词分为基数词和序数词两种。 基数词表表示数目,序数词表示顺 序。
基数词:
基数词1—12为独立的单词,有其各自的形式: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve. 基数词13—19都以-teen结尾,同时单词中的两个 音节都读重音:thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen. 基数词20—90等十位数的整数都以-ty结尾,单词 中只有第一个音节是重读。twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety.
例题1 “这个工厂有2,365个工 人。”怎么译?
Key:
There are two thousand three hundred and sixty-five workers in the factory.
例题2 “现在是11点40分”译作 It’s forty past eleven对吗?
Key:
“百”在英语里是hundred; “千”是 thousand; “万”是ten thousand; “十 万”是one hundred thousand; “百万” 是million; “千万”是ten million; “十亿” 是billion等。 十位数和个位数之间要用连字符“-”。 如:77 seventy-seven, 82 eighty-two. 百位数和十位数之间要加and。 如:236 two hundred and thirty-six; 24,159 twenty-four thousand, one hundred and fifty-nine.
序数词: 第一、第二、第三分别为first, second, third,其拼法与基数词完全不同。 第四——第十九都由相应的基数词加-th 构成。但要注意fifth, eighth, ninth 和 twelfth 的拼写和读法。 十位数词的序数是由相应的基数词去掉 词尾y, 加-ieth,如twentieth, thirtieth等。
不对。应为it’s eleven forty.或It’s twenty to twelve.
例题3 用英语读出下列年代: 1958年,1805年和2000年。
Key:
in
nineteen fifty-eight, in eighteen o five, in two thousand.
“第二十一”到“第二十九”等,前 面的十位数用基数词,后面的个位数 用序数词,中间用连字符“-”连接。第 二十五twenty-fifth,第三十二thirtysecond,第九十九ninety-ninth等。 第一百,第一千,第一百万分别在相 应的基数词后面加-th。即:hundredth, thousandth 和millionth.
例题4 “请朗读课文的头两段。” 怎么译这个句子?
Key:
Please read the first two paragraphs of the text.
例题5 怎么说“我们的学校是他 们的学校的两倍。”
Key:
Our school is twice as big as theirs.
练
习
写出下列基数词: five 1. 5_______ 2. 12 ________ twelve twenty 3. 20 _______ fifteen 4. 15 ________ thirty 5. 30 ______ 6. 50 ________ fifty forty 7. 40 ________ one hundred 8. 100 ______________ one thousand 9. 1000 ______________ 10. 1,000,000 ________________ one million
III. 完成下列句子:
1. He was born in Shanghai on __________________(1975年9月8号). Setptember 8, 1975 five to ten 2. What time is it? It’s ___________(差五分 十点). 3. Mary always goes to school at a quarter past seven ____________________(7点15分). Page forty-five 4. I have already read _____________(四十 五页). the ninth month 5. September is ________________(第九个 月) of the year.
写出下列序数词:
first 1. 第一_________ second 2. 第二 ________ 3. 第三 _________ third fifth 4. 第五 _________ 5. 第九 ________ ninth eighth 6. 第八 _________ tenth 7. 第十 _________ 8. 第十二 _________ twelfth twentieth 9. 第二十 ___________ 10. 第一百 one hundredth ___________
日期的表达法:
10月1号: October (the) first 或the first of October; 5月4号: May (the) fourth 或the fourth of May. 编号的东西,一般用基数词表示顺序, 但也可用序数词表示,序数词前要加the。 如:第三课Lesson Three或the third lesson;第9页Page nine或the ninth page 等。