2017年考研英语阅读长难句例举详细分析总结

2017年考研英语阅读长难句例举详细分析总结
2017年考研英语阅读长难句例举详细分析总结

2017年考研英语阅读长难句例举详细分

析总结

长难句是考研英语阅读和翻译的难点,攻克它是必要条件,但同样也是一件不容易的事,对于长难句的理解和把握还需要一点点积累,多研究如何拆分,如何再组合理解,凯程网考研频道分享每一句长难句的解读翻译,取材自理念真题,希望大家能够在余下不多的时间里日积月累,逐步提升。

An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication.

译文:最近大量研究表明,和不良的卫生习惯一样,良好的卫生习惯也是通过社交在朋友圈中传播。

分析:该句的主干是…research shows that…。在that引导的宾语从句中,positive health habits是主语,spread是谓语,两个破折号之间的部分是插入语,起解释说明的作用;through networks of friends和via social communication都是方式状语,表示“通过……的方式”。

【词汇指南】

friend [frend](n.)(可用作称呼)朋友,友人(中考词汇)(fr=father-父亲;神父,天父,i-连字符;end=ent-名词后缀,表人→像“天父、神父”一样,值得信赖的人——即“朋友,友人”。) via ['vai?](prep.)经由;经过,通过;凭借(CET-4)(2012年-阅读1)(vi=way-路[w-v简写、a-i元音变化、y-简化掉],a-后缀,表示“一”→“路”就是一条让人“经过、通过”的东西。)

The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.

译文:上周,这家新英格兰的主要能源供应商宣布将停止履行“遵守该州严格的核能管理法规”这一长期承诺,这激起了佛蒙特州合情合理的公愤。

分析:该句的主干是The company…provoked justified outrage…。a major energy supplier in New England做主语的同位语,in Vermont 和last week分别为地点状语和时间状语。When引导的定语从句修饰先行词last week;从句中还包含一个宾语从句it was reneging on…nuclear regulations,其中的主语是it,指的是主句主语The company,谓语是was reneging on,宾语是a longstanding commitment…,commitment之后的动词不定式短语to abide by…是其后置定语。

【词汇指南】

outrage ['autreid?](n.)义愤,愤慨;暴行(vt.)引起…的义愤;虐待,迫害;凌辱(CET-6、考研词汇)(2005年-阅读1、2012年-阅读2)(out-出,raɡe-狂怒,盛怒→人民所迸发出的狂怒、激愤难平——即“义愤,愤慨”,引申为“暴行”。)

2个派生词:

●rage [reid?](n.)(一阵)狂怒,盛怒(vi.)狂吹,汹涌;发怒(CET-4)(2009年-阅读2、2012年-阅读1)(r=re-一再,反复,aɡe=anɡer-发火,发怒→一再地发火、暴跳如雷——即“(一阵)狂怒,盛怒”,引申为“狂吹,汹涌;发怒”。)

●enrage [in'reid?](vt.)激怒(超纲词汇)(2012年-阅读2)(en-使)

考点搭配:enraged by 被…激怒(2012年-阅读2)

renege [ri’ni:ɡ](v.)背信,违约(超纲词汇)(2012年-阅读2)(re-回,反,neɡ-词根,否定,否认;拒绝→回过头来就“否认”、就不认账——即“背信,违约”。)

commitment [k?'mitm?nt](n.)承诺,保证;承担的义务;献身(超纲词汇)(2003年-完型、2009年-阅读4)(commit-委托,ment-名词后缀→当你接受别人的“委托”,实际上就是做出了一份“承诺”和“保证”,后引申为“承担的义务”。而该词之所以还表示“献身”是因为,所谓“献身”就是用生命做出的“承诺”和“保证”。)

考点搭配:a longstanding commitment 长期的承诺(2012年-阅读2)

abide [?'baid](v.)容忍,忍受;(by)遵守,坚持(CET-6、考研词汇)(2012年-阅读2)(a-加强语气,表示“一”,bide=bite-咬→一直咬着牙、咬牙坚持——即“容忍,忍受”,引申为“遵守,坚持”,如图。)

考点搭配:abide by 履行(协议), 遵守(诺言);遵从(裁定)(2012年-阅读2)

strict [strikt](adj.)严格的,严厉的;严谨的,周密的(中考词汇)(2012年-阅读2)(有学者认为,“strict”一词由“straiɡht-笔直的,正直的”演变而来[a-简化掉、ɡ-c清浊变化、h-简化掉] →站得正、行得直的人,必然处处对自己要求很严格——即“严格的,严厉的”,引申为“严谨的,周密的”。)

2个扩展词:

●straight[streit](adj./adv.)笔直的(地),挺直的(地);正直的(地),坦率的(地);直接的(地)(高考词汇)(2005年-阅读4、2011年-阅读2)(st-词根,站立,raiɡht=riɡht-正、直→强调站得很直——即“笔直的(地),挺直的(地)”,引申为“正直的(地),坦率的(地)”和“直接的(地)”。) 考点搭配:straight up 直接的,坦白的(2011年-阅读2)

●straightforward [streit'f?:w?d](adj.)一直向前的(地),径直的(地);直率的(地),直截了当的(地)(CET-6、考研词汇)(2008年-阅读2)(straiɡht-笔直的(地),挺直的(地),forward-向前→直接向前走的、头也不回的——即“一直向前的(地),径直的(地)”,引申为“直率的(地),直截了当的(地)”。)

As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on.

译文:由于董事会迫于股东们的压力而严格审查公司的接任方案,那些未获得许可的主管们也可能会想辞职。

分析:本句的主干为…executives…may wish to move on,主语executives后是由who 引导的定语从句,对其进行说明。谓语为“情态动词may+动词原形wish”,表示一种推测。句首是由as引导的原因状语从句,该从句的主干结构为…boards scrutinize succession plans…,而in response to shareholder pressure为该从句的原因状语。

【词汇指南】

shareholder [,?e?'h?uld?](n.)股东(2007年-阅读4、2011年-阅读2)(share-股份,holder-持有人,所有人→股东,利益相关者)

nod [n?d](vt.)点(头);点头表示(中考词汇)(2011年-阅读2)(no=not-词根,知道,d=head-头→“知道”某件事后,“头部”做出的一个反应。)

1个扩展词:

●noble ['n?ubl](adj.)贵族的,高贵的;高尚的,宏伟的(n.)贵族(高考词汇)(2005年-阅读

4)(no=nod-点头,ble=able-能够的,可以的→“点头”示意可以…的、有决定权的——即“贵

族的,高贵的”,引申为“高尚的,宏伟的”。)

Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont

Yankeenuclear power plant running.

译文:相反,这家公司的所作所为恰恰是它长期以来承诺不会做的事情——在联邦法院质疑佛蒙特州的各项规定是否符合宪法,这是它拼命保证佛蒙特扬基核电站能够运营所做的努力的一部分。

分析:本句的主干为…the company has done…what it had long promised it would not…。其中,Instead是一个表示转折关系的连接副词,谓语has done之后是what引导的宾语从句。宾语从句的主语为it,谓语为had promised,it would not为had promised的宾语,其中省略了谓语动词do。而冒号之后的challenge the constitutionality…federal court为宾语从句what it had long promised it would not(do)的同位语,对其进行解释说明。句末是由as引导的方式状语,不定式to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running为a desperate effort的后置定语。

【词汇指南】

rule [ru:l](n.)规则,规定;统治(v.)统治;控制,支配(中考词汇)(2003年-阅读2、2009年-阅读1、2010年-阅读4、2012年-阅读2、2013年-阅读4)(rul=reɡal-帝王的,e-尾缀→帝王所颁发的东西——即“规则,规定”,引申为“统治;控制,支配”。)

考点搭配:

rule out 把…排除在外;排除…的可能性(2003年-阅读2)

rule-setting 规则制定(2010年-阅读4)

rule of law 法规(2012年-完形)

1个派生词:

●rulinɡ['ru:li?](n.)裁决(adj.)统治的,支配的(超纲词汇)(2012年-完形、2010年-阅读

2)(rule-规定,inɡ-名词后缀→按照“规定”来“裁决”,引申出“统治的,支配的”。)

plant [plɑ:nt](vt.)种植,栽种(n.)植物,农作物(中考词汇)(2005年-阅读2)(p=person-人,lant=land-土地,田地→人在“土地”上的行为——即“种植,栽种”,引申为“植物,农作物”。) 考点搭配:power plant发电厂,发电站(2005年-阅读2)

5个扩展词:

●ripe[raip](adj.)成熟的;时机成熟的(高考词汇)(有学者认为,ri=rice-稻米,粮食,pe=plant-种植→把粮食种植出来了的——即“成熟的”,引申为“时机成熟的”。)

●reap [ri:p](v.)收割;收获(CET-4)(“reap-收割”演变自“ripe-成熟的”,属回文造词→庄稼“成熟的”时候才能“收割”,引申为“收获”。)

●rip [rip](v.)撕,剥,劈,锯;裂开,撕裂(n.)裂口,裂缝(CET-6、考研词汇)(有学者认为,“rip”由“reap-收割”演变而来→收割庄稼、镰刀劈砍——引申为“撕,剥,劈,锯”。后来,随着英语词汇含义的扩展,rip根据“撕,剥,劈,锯”又引申出了“裂开,撕裂”以及“裂口,裂缝”之意。)

●strip [strip](v.)剥,剥去;剥夺,掠夺(n.)窄条,细长带(CET-4)(str=stract-词根,拉扯,拉扯,rip-撕,剥;撕裂;裂缝→撕扯出一条裂缝——即“剥,剥去”,引申为“剥夺,掠夺”以及“窄条,细长带”。)

●stripe [straip](n.)条纹(布),线条(vt.)加条纹于(CET-4)(2007年-阅读3)(strip-窄条、

细长带,e-尾缀→由“窄条、细长带”引申为“条纹(条),线条”,引申出“加条纹于”。) 考点搭配:all stripes 各阶层,各类别(2007年-阅读3)

In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research.

译文:利伯伦研究公司的数据显示,由于忧心忡忡的董事会努力留住公司现有的主管们,第三季度首席执行官的流动率与一年前相比下降了23%。

分析:本句的主干为:…CEO turnover was down 23%…。句首的In the third quarter 为时间状语,介词短语from a year ago为状语,指出下降23%是与哪个时间点相比,其后紧跟由as引导的原因状语从句,该从句中包含一个省略了whom的定语从句they had ,修饰前面的the leaders。句末的according to Liberum Research也是状语,指出主句所引用的数据的来源。

【词汇指南】

turnover [,t?:n'?uv?](n.)人员调整(更替率);营业额,成交量(2011年-阅读2)(turn-翻转,over-上面→转到上面去、换一拨人上岗——即“人员调整(更替率)”,引申为“营业额,成交量”。因为公司“人员调整”的目的就是为了增加“营业额、成交量”。) down [daun](adv.)向下;在下面(adj.)下行的;向下的(prep.)往…下方;在…下方(中考词汇)

1个派生词:

●download ['daunl?ud](n./v.)下载(计算机用语)(高考词汇)(2011年-阅读1)(down-下,load-载、装载→下载)

leader ['li:d?](n.)领导人,领袖;首领(中考词汇)(“leader-领袖、首领”的发音很像汉语“领导”,可以帮助记忆。)

2个派生词:

●lead [li:d](v.)(为…)带路;领导,率领(中考词汇)(2005年-阅读3、2007年-阅读1、2012年-阅读1、2013年-完型)(有学者认为,该词由“leader”简写而来,表示“(为…)带路;领导,率领”。)

考点搭配:

lead your life as usual 和平常一样生活(2005年-阅读3)

lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事(2007年-阅读1、2012年-阅读1、2013年-完型、2013年-阅读3)

take the lead 引导,带领;做榜样(2007年-阅读4)

●leadership['li:d??ip](n.)(总称)领导,领导层;领导者的地位;领导才能(CET-4)(2003年-完型、2007年-阅读2)(leader-领导,ship-名词后缀→(总称)领导,领导层——引申为“领导者的地位”和“领导才能”。)

In theory, the success of an applicant should not depend on the few others chosen randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.

译文:理论上,申请人成功与否不应取决于被随机选来在同一天面试的其他申请人,但是西蒙松博士怀疑事实并非如此。

分析:本句是由but连接的两个分句组成的。第一分句中the success of an applicant 是主语,谓语为should not depend on,宾语为the few others,其后的chosen randomly for interview during the same day是修饰the few others的后置定语。第二个分句的主干是Dr

Simonsohn suspected,其后跟着一个宾语从句。该从句是主系表结构,其中主语是the truth ,系动词是was,表语是otherwise。

【词汇指南】

depend [di'pend](vi.)依靠,依赖;取决于(中考词汇)(2008年-阅读2、2013年-完型)(de-下,pend-词根,悬挂→挂在…下面、靠在…下面——即“依靠,依赖”,引申为“取决于”;源于某些事情的成功,往往“取决于”于你所“依靠、依赖”的人。)

考点搭配:

depend-alone 独立的(2011年-阅读3)

depend on 依赖,基于(2007年-阅读3)

2个派生词:

●dependinɡ[di'pendi?](n.)依赖,信任;决定于(超纲词汇)(2007年-阅读3、2009年-阅读2)(inɡ-名词后缀)

●dependent [di'pend?nt](adj.)(on,upon)依靠的,依赖的;从属的;取决于…的(CET-4)(2009年-阅读4、2013年-阅读4)(ent-形容词后缀)

random ['r?nd?m](adj.)胡乱的,随意的;随机的(n.)随意;随机(CET-6、考研词汇)(2005年-阅读3、2007年-阅读1、2008年-阅读1、2011年-阅读3)(ran=run-跑,dom=freedom-自由,不受约束→自由地、不受约束地四处瞎跑——即“胡乱的,随意的”,引申为“随机的”。而其名词词义“随意、随机”由形容词词义引申而来。)

考点搭配:a random series of numbers 随机的序列数(2007年-阅读1)

1个派生词:

●randomly ['r?nd??mli](adv.)胡乱地,随便地;任意地(超纲词汇)(2013年-完型)(ly-副词后缀)

考研英语:几类长难句总结及介绍

https://www.360docs.net/doc/294558497.html,/ 考研学习群:432164727 1考研英语:几类长难句总结及介绍 考研英语中,有大量的长难句,让同学们感到十分头疼,在考研阅读里面,长难句更是一个命题点,很多同学都是对长难句望而却步,感觉自己无法逾越这个鸿沟,导致在考试中失分,其实如果考生研究一下长难句其实不难,大多数同学还是可以攻克长难句的。首先要了解考研英语长难句是如何构成的,命题人员在简单句基础上进行改造时,主要从结构上通过三种方式来使句子更加复杂。修饰成分复杂;大段的插入与或同位语;语序调整或倒装。这三种方式往往相互结合形成错综复杂的句子即混合型句子。目的是提高难度、增强干扰、打乱考生的思维从而达到检验考生阅读能力和的目标。下面分别对这三种方式进行解析。 第一类:修饰成分复杂 句子本不难,但是修饰成分多且长。从句(定语、状语、同位语从句等)修饰;介词短语修饰;不定式修饰。经常是在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语,且都不止一个。对于这种长难句,同学们一定要注意抓住句子主干,先把主干给梳理清楚了,在此基础上再进行添枝加叶,这样才能知道这句话在说什么内容。 例:As a discovery claim works its way through the community,the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery. 分析:主语是the interaction and confrontation,谓语是transforms,伴随状语为As a discovery claim works its way through the community,定语为between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved,修饰主语the interaction and confrontation 译文:随着发现声明通过科学界起作用,科学和技术涉及到的共有的互动和冲突把个人的发现声明转化为科学界可信的发现。 第二类:大段的插入与或同位语。 对于有很长插入语的句子,其实是假老虎,本质上是不难理解的,只不过学生很难把主谓的关系联系起来,在阅读的时候我们要先把句子主干找出来,先不用管插入语的,先从整体上去理解,然后在其基础上再把插入语给充实进去。 例:The Internet --and pressure from funding agencies,who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it --is making access to scientific results a reality. 分析:在浏览该句时,发现句子中出现了双破折号,其中间的内容and pressure from funding agencies,who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it 为插入语,浏览的时候先跳过。这样就可以看到把主干The Internet is making access to scientific results a reality 理解了。然后再把具体插入语给填充进去就可以了。

考研英语长难句解析

考研英语长难句解析 长难句 The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Stre et Bank ruling. (2010 Text2) 难句分析 主句 The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order 主语谓语宾语 宾语从句1 that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges 从属连词主语谓语宾语 宾语从句2 that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its 从属连词主语定语从句系动词表语从句

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