英汉翻译教程-第 4 章-第 1 节共17页文档
华先发英汉翻译教程第四章
• 译文：我们正在大步倒退到光荣的16世纪 时代，那时候有偏执狂的人点燃树枝去烧 死任何敢于给人类带来智慧、启示和文明 的人。
• 词义修辞格指主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创 造出来修辞手法。这类辞格主要包括simile, metaphor, allusion, metonymy, transferred epithet, personification, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun, oxymoron, zeugma, contrast等。 • A. simile, metaphor, allusion • E.g. I wandered lonely as a cloud. 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。 e.g. She is like a hen on a hot girdle. 她急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。（喻体更换）
• 译文：凶暴的夜风吹过树林，簌簌作响，它警告 我们，应该回头走了。太阳在渐越猛烈的雪风后 面，渐渐西沉，鸟纷纷觅路回巢，牛羊也回到他 们的圈栏里去了。
• (2) alliteration就是在一个词组、句子或者一列诗行中，出 现两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开首的音节（或其他重读音 节）具有同样的字母或读音。 • His great gaunt figure filled the cabin door. 译文：他高大枯瘦的身影塞满了木板小屋的门。 Mr President, my delegation is confident that your management of our affairs will be principled but practical, expeditious but expedient.（头韵-成语） 主席先生，我国代表团深信您对我们事物的处理，既会符 合原则，又会实事求是，既雷厉风行，而又不图权宜之便 。
英汉翻译教程第四章翻译方法技巧
safe
and
The house needs attention but the roof is sound. sleep: deep and peaceful To have a sound night’s sleep
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5. good, but not excellent a sound piece of writing 6. physical punishment to give sb. a sound beating
He Hamleted at a chance and regretted for it. 机会到来时他犹豫不决，过后又后悔了。 Hamlet 原是沙士比亚（王子复仇记） 中主人公名，用此人优柔寡段性格来比 喻类似情况。译时抽象化了。
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We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street. 我们主张国际贸易不应该是有来无往。 One-way street 原意是“单行道” 引申“有来无往”。
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（二）英语中有些词是中立的本身不表示褒贬 义，但在一定的上下文中可能有褒贬的意味， 译时要相应地表达出来。 The president promised to work to repeat state and federal laws that discriminate Against women. 总统承诺将力求废除歧视（贬义）妇女的州法 及联邦法。 By a 6-3 vote, the court held that this official discriminate did not violate the Constitution. 法院以六票对三票的裁决的认定，政府对这个 问题上才去的区别对待（中性词）的办法并不 违反宪法。
大学汉英翻译教程第四章 句子的英译与常用技巧_46
【例3】还有些人不能进领导班子或者不能重用，例如，……革命意 志严重衰退，饱食终日，无所用心的，等等。（邓小平：《邓小平 文选》第二卷）
【例2】科学是老老实实的学学的春天》）
Science means honest, solid knowledge, allowing not an iota of falsehood, and it involves herculean effort and grueling toil.
【例3】所以，人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。 Hence people are all heavily dependent on nature for survival. 【分析】“全都”已经包含了“一致”的意思了，所以，译文 中“一致”并没有再次译出。
【例4】他暗暗下定决心：一定重新做人。 He made up his mind to turn a new leaf in his life. 【分析】“暗暗下决心”不必译成“he made up his mind secretly”,在英文中“make up one’s mind”就可以表达暗暗下 定决心了，如果加上“secretly”反而会让人觉得奇怪。因为下 决心本来就是一种心理活动，所以就不存在“openly”和 “secretly”之分了。
There are also others whom we should not recruit into leading bodies or place in important posts. They include:...and persons whose revolutionary will has waned and who are content to eat three square meals a day and do nothing.
英汉翻译教程课文4
4-1. Brindley had begun on his own account, out of interest, to survey the waterways that he travelled as he went about his engineering projects for mills and miners.
汉语叙事顺序是按照事情发生的 顺序进行的。
1-3. The Industrial Revolution began with such machines; the millwrights were the engineers of the coming age. 而工业革命就是从这些机械开始的。修造磨坊的匠人就是开创新时代的工程师。 1-4.James Brindley of Staffordshire started his self- made career in 1733 by working at mill wheels, at the age of seventeen, having been born poor in a village. 斯塔福郡的詹姆斯 •布林德雷，出身于一个贫苦的农村家庭；一七三三年，他十七岁， 就着手改良磨坊的车轮，从而开始了那自我奋斗的生涯。 having been born poor in a village表示原因，说明他为什么十七岁就开始干活。 2-1. Brindley 's improvemenபைடு நூலகம் were practical: to sharpen and step up the performance of the water wheel as a machine. 布林德雷所作的改良是很实际的：改善并加强水车的机械功能。 2-2. It was the first multi-purpose machine for the new industries. 这是为新工业提供的第一部多功能机器。
chapter four-商务英语英汉翻译教程
Part 1. Relationship between the meaning of English and Chinese words
Differences: Chinese-相比英文，汉语词义严谨固定， 词的含义范围较窄，词义上下的依赖性比较 小。 English-英文词义灵活多变，词的含义范围 比较窄，词义上下的依赖性较大，英语一词 多义的现象较汉语多。
CISISU-Business English for the Seniors 16
Part 3. Characteristic meaning in Business Discourse
CISISU-Business English for the Seniors 12
Part 2. Cultural meaning of words
2.英汉语中都有但文化内涵不同的词 1)There are only five minutes left, I need to go to the rest room. 译文：只剩五分钟了，我需要去下卫生间。 2)To reduce loss and increase overall profits, the CEO told his product managers to get rid of all the dogs. 译文：为了减少亏损，全面增加利润，公司的首席 执行官告诉产品部经理们要销毁所有的次品。
CISISU-Business English for the Seniors 15
Part 3. Characteristic meaning in Business Discourse
汉英翻译第四章
II.冗余信息: II.冗余信息 冗余信息:
务必要继续发扬艰苦奋斗的优良传统,提倡勤俭,崇尚节约, 务必要继续发扬艰苦奋斗的优良传统,提倡勤俭,崇尚节约,防止 和纠正脱离经济发展水平的高消费. 和纠正脱离经济发展水平的高消费. It is imperative to carry on the fine tradition of hard work, encourage and uphold industry and thrift to prevent and check high consumption that outgrows economic development. 原文” 原文” 提倡勤俭,崇尚节约”实际上是一回事,属行文语气的需要. 提倡勤俭,崇尚节约”实际上是一回事,属行文语气的需要. 不必 在译文中重复译出. 在译文中重复译出. ..encourage frugality, and prevent and check 建立办事高效,运转协调,行为规范的行政管理体系. 建立办事高效,运转协调,行为规范的行政管理体系. We must set up an administrative system with high efficiency in work, coordination in operation and standardization in behavior. 字面倒是很对应,然而意义重复甚至有些莫名其妙. 字面倒是很对应,然而意义重复甚至有些莫名其妙.原文四字结 构纯粹出于汉语行文对称的需要,大可不必字字对应. 构纯粹出于汉语行文对称的需要,大可不必字字对应. 改译We 改译We must establish an efficient, well-coordinated and wellstandardized administrative system. 3)新的时代呼唤新的理论,新的理论指导新的实践。 3)新的时代呼唤新的理论 新的理论指导新的实践。 新的时代呼唤新的理论, The new era calls for new theory to guide the practice.
英汉翻译第4章(英汉对比)
英汉翻译第4章(英汉对比)英语翻译教程English-Chinese Translation (英汉翻译)Linda英语翻译教程第四章词语的翻译英汉两种语言分属语系和语系，两者之间存在着很大的差异。
这种差异首先反映在词汇上。
与翻译关系比较密切的因素主要包括词义、词形，和词的音律和节奏等。
英语翻译教程As you know, our native language Chinese is quite different from English. There is really a big gap between the characteristics of the two languages. In order to learn the translation course better, we have to study the comparison between the source language and the target language. Just because all the theories, methods, techniques concerning EnglishChinese translation are based on the comparison, it is very important to master the languages’ peculiarities.英语翻译教程第一节英汉词义英汉词汇之间本身有着很大的差别，这种差别首先表现在词义上。
英国语言学家杰弗里 . 利奇在他的Semantics ( 语义学) 中把最广义的意义划分为7 种不同的类型：外延意义(概念意义)( denotative meaning )、内涵意义( connotative meaning )、风格意义( stylistic meaning )、情感意义( affective meaning )、联想意义( reflective meaning ) 搭配意义( collocative meaning )、主题意义( thematic meaning )。
英汉翻译教程
英汉翻译教程张培基第一讲翻译原则简介一、教学目的：了解基本的翻译原则和翻译研究的问题二、教学过程：1．翻译的定义和内涵：（Definition and Connotation）Translation is an art/ science/craft?2．中国几位翻译家的理论（influential translation principles）：严复：信达雅--- faithfulness/expressiveness/eleganc e. The “three character guide” is regarded as a plumb-line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.傅雷：神似---spiritual conformity. Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original.强调原作神韵再现。
钱钟书：化境---sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.刘重德：信、达、切---faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.3．中国翻译史上的论争：鲁迅：宁信而不顺---rather to be faithful than smooth。
目的：引入英文句式的表达法梁实秋、赵景深：宁顺而不信---rather to be smooth than faithful 目的：可读性强，便于交流。
4．直译与意译：直译---literal translation 意译：free translation直译的例子：crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪; armed to the teeth武装到牙齿; chain reaction连锁反应; gentlemen’s agreement君子协定; one country, two systems 一国两制;The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流; paper tiger 纸老虎; Breath one’s last---断气; go to one’s external rest---安息; the long sleep---长眠; see Marx 见马克思;Go west 上西天; go to heaven 上天堂; blow out the candles 吹灯拔蜡kick the bucket 蹬腿: You can kick everything but you can not kick the bucket直译不等于死译(dead translation):街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生：Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning.“In the street” should be replaced by “in the community”.她一大早起床，进城，见到了她的公爹：She got up early, went to the town and saw her public father. Public father should be father in law.意译的例子：It rains cats and dogs / at sixes and sevens /Adam’s apple句子比较：Little fish does not eat big fish直译：小鱼不吃大鱼意译：胳膊拧不过大腿试译：天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福：直译：Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight.意译：The weather and human life are both unpredictable有人说，翻译是带着镣铐跳舞（translation is like dancing in fetters）；还有人说，翻译像女人，忠实的不漂亮，漂亮的不忠实。