现代农林英语翻译

现代农林英语课后翻译Unit 1 Urban AgricultureUrban forestry involves (refers to / is concerned with) forestry activities introduced from wildness and countryside to populous cities where economy, culture, industry and business (commerce) are aggregated (clustered). Most metropolitan cities are currently prosperous but noisy (clamorous) with deteriorating ecological environment. People living in such a crowded and narrow space suffer from a worsening physical quality. To develop urban forestry can beautify living places, purify air, reduce noise and adjust local climate (microclimate), so that the living quality of urban people can be improved. Generally, urban forestry has provided a new approach to the urban environmental problems.城市林业是把林业由野外、农村引进人口稠密的经济文化与工商业集中的城市的林业活动。

目前大多数城市繁华、喧闹、生态环境恶化，生活在拥挤狭小的城市空间里的人们身体素质下降。

发展城市林业可以美化环境、净化空气、减少噪音和调节小气候，改善城市人的生活质量。

城市林业为解决城市的环境问题提供了一种新的途径。

B社区的物质框架结构被称为它的基础设施。

这些在城市里发挥作用的庞然大物可以被分为绿色和灰色两种。

绿色结构是为乔木、灌木、草地所覆盖的区域，而灰色结构指建筑、道路、公用事业设备、停车场的所在。

绿色结构是渗水的，土壤让水渗进去，自然地过滤掉污染物，然后水进入河流。

灰色结构却不能穿透，它迫使水走向地面，入河之前一定要经过处理和清洁。

作为城市绿色结构的树木，它们的作用和灰色结构不同，但尚无充分文字记载。

由于树木没有量化的价值指标，因此没有把它们考虑进预算程序之中。

城市绿色结构的大小、形态、方位可以被度量，它们在公用事业中发挥的作用可以进行准确计算。

尽管灰绿结构对一个城市都很重要，但利用土地尽力营造绿色结构的社区就能避免更多污染物，使运营成本效力更高，因此更宜居住。

不过对于地方政府管理者来说，平衡灰色和绿色结构就成为一个很严重的挑战。

Unit 2 Forestry ManagementWith the development of both economy and civilization in human society, peoplehave greatly improved their knowledge and understanding about forests. They therefore have also dramatically changed their social demands for forestry. As a result, more world attention has been widely paid to the function that forests play to maintain and improve environment. In 1992, UN Conference on Environment and Development bestowed priority on forestry and it became a political promise of the highest rank. In addition, it was particularly emphasized in the meeting that nothing has been more important than forestry among the problems that the world summit conferences will deal with. It is a distinct milestone in world civilization history to place forestry issues at such a high position.随着人类社会的经济发展与文明进步，人们对森林的认识有了重大转变，社会对林业的需求也发生了很大的变化，森林维护与改善生态环境的功能在世界范围内得到了广泛的的重视和关注。

1992年联合国召开的环境与发展大会以“赋予林业以首要地位”为最好级别的政治承诺，并特别强调“在世界最高级会议要解决的问题中，没有任何问题比林业更重要了”，将林业问题提高到前所未有的高度，这是世界文明发展史上一个重要的里程碑。

B有关全球热带森林遭到乱砍滥伐、令人痛心的报道层出不穷，但是痛陈现存林木状况的报道却少之又少。

事实上，联合国分支机构——国际热带木材组织（ITTO）新近开展的一项研究，首次对热带森林管理现状进行深入调查。

其发现虽然令人沮丧，但从中我们还是看到了一线希望。

ITTO调查的对象是“永久性森林地产”，也就是被ITTO所属33个成员国政府正式划作森林地域，从而受到某种形式的管理或保护的土地。

它涉及国家森林公园和木材的特许经营，包括国营和私营。

地产总面积达8.14亿公顷，约占全球热带森林面积的三分之二。

此项研究报告的作者之一邓肯•玻尔解释说，这一概念意义重大，因为我们不可能，也不值得对每一片濒临消失的小树林都一直进行保护以避免其被农田或住宅侵占。

相反，政府应当集中精力养护好那些最具有商业和科学价值的森林。

可是ITTO的研究人员却发现，在“永久性森林地产”中，仅15％有着相应的管理方案，而能坚持贯彻执行这一方案的只有5％。

报告中提到，自1988年以来，森林管理取得了显著的进展，因为这不足5％的面积总共仍相当于一个德国的大小。

当年一项粗略的早期调查发现，热带地区国家中只有特立尼达和多巴哥对森林管理较为完善。

但是，相对于同期已然消亡的森林而言，这片管理得当的森林显得无足轻重。

Unit 3 BiodiversityChina is one of the countries boasting the richest biodiversity and also one of the earliest adopting the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Chinese Government has highly valued the work of biodiversity conservation by formulating and enforcing a series of related laws and regulations, so that a legal system on the conservation and biodiversity has fundamentally formed. In addition, it has established and consolidated the coordination mechanism on the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity as well as the scheme of Inter-ministerial Joint Meeting on biological species resources, laid down and issued the National Action Plan on theConservation of Biodiversity of China and other related plans in this regard, based on which various relevant sectors have mapped out and executed their own action plans.中国是世界上生物多样性最为丰富的国家之一，也是最早加入《生物多样性公约》的国家。

中国政府高度重视生物多样性保护工作，制定并实施了一系列与生物多样性保护有关的法律法规，基本形成了保护生物多样性的法律体系；建立完善了《生物多样性公约》履约协调机制和生物物种资源保护部际联席会议制度；制定发布了《中国生物多样性保护行动计划》和生物多样性保护有关的规划；各有关部门还以此为依据，制定和实施了各相应领域的专项保护计划。

Unit 5 Agricultural TechnologyAgriculture still has the responsibility to feed the world in spite of the serious challenge of climate change. Agriculture needs to produce more food, waste less, and make it easier for farmers to get their produce to consumers. Besides, agriculture has to find ways/approaches/methods to reduce negative impacts resulted from environmental change - including lowering greenhouse gas emissions, planning/managing food security and rural development as a whole, etc. Only through the development of agricultural high technology can the above be realized/All these are only possible through the development of agricultural high technology.尽管面临着气候变化的严峻挑战，农业仍然肩负着养活全世界的责任。