增译与减译练习完整版
翻译技巧练习及答案：增译法及反正法
一、增词法
1. "Nobody could count on his restraint or rationality, " he said.
谁也不能指望他会采取克制或讲道理的的态度
2.My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time.
我干工作，我做家务，我有朋友来往，这些占用了我的全部时间
3.He regarded the National Day edition of that paper as
a collector's item.
他把国庆节那份报纸视为收藏的珍品
4.They lingered long over his letter.
他们反复看了他的来信
5.Stephen came out of the hot mill into the damp wind and cold wet streets, haggard and worn.
史蒂芬面容憔悴，精疲力竭，从闷热的工厂走出，到了凄风苦雨的街上。
6.There had been an ease of international tension.
国际紧张局势过去有所缓解。
二、反正法
7.If he had kept his temper, the negotiation would probably have been a success.
如果他没发脾气，这次谈判可能就成功了。
8. The two teams tied.两队不分胜负
9. His answer is beside the mark.他的回答文不对题。
增译
补译原文省略的动词
Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice (['ævəris] n. 贪婪，贪财). 勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；疼爱过度，即成溺爱； 简约过度，即成贪婪。
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1.The war made a man of him. 战争把他锻造成一个堂堂的男子汉。
adj. 水银的；水星的；墨丘利神的；雄辩机智的；活泼善变的 n. 汞剂；水银剂), with a melancholy（忧郁['melənkəli] ） streak（条纹，线条；倾向,）.
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他是个性格复杂的人—喜怒无常、反复多变、有些郁郁 寡欢。
增加名词(在形容词前加名词)
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3.This new type of computer is indeed cheap and fine. 这种新型计算机的确是价廉物美。
增加副词:
4.The
crowds melted away. 人群渐渐散开了 5.As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个 没完。
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（一）动词后加名词把隐含的宾语翻译出来 1.Wash before meal. 饭前洗手 . 2.He never smokes or drinks. 他从不吸烟，也不喝酒。 3.Day after day he came to his work— sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活—扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。
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第四章 增减翻译方法
1. 摩擦总是表现为一种阻碍运动的力。 2. 一份列举柴油机所有用途的清单可能要好几页。 3. 地质学是下列各种自然科学的综合科学：天文 学、生物学、化学、数学和物理学。
4. 每一个作用力都有一个大小相等，方向相反的 反作用力。 5. 图5中，A表示阻力，L表示距离，C表示作用 力。 6. 没有摩擦力，皮带就不能将动力从一台机器传 送到另一台。
3. A wire lengthens while it is heated. 金属丝受热则延长。(省译代词)
4. It was not until the middle of the 19th century that the blast furnace came into use. 直到十九世纪中叶，鼓风炉才开始使用。(it 引 出强调句，汉译时省译)
3. The Post Office was helpful, and Marconi applied in June 1896 for the world’s first radio patent. 在英国邮局的帮助下，马可尼于1896年6月申 请了世界上第一项无线电专利。(并列句的合 译)
句子翻译练习
8.The resistance of the pipe to the flow of water through it depends upon the length of the pipe, the diameter of the pipe, and the nature of the inside walls (rough or smooth). 水管对通过的水流的阻力取决于下列三个因素: 管长、管道直径、管道内壁的性状(粗糙或平 滑)。(汉语中补充概括总结性词语)
7. When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low. 气压低，沸点就低。(汉译时系动词gets 及 becomes 均可省译)
大学英语通用翻译教程---增词翻译练习
增词翻译练习
《大学英语通用翻译教程》
The sports meeting is scheduled for April 16th.(增动词) 运动会定于4月16日举行。 After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting.（增动词) 在观看完篮球比赛之后，主席还有一个重要会 议要参加。 She is pale and fat. （增名词) 她面色苍白，身体肥胖。 He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair.（增名词） 他满脸皱纹，皮肤很黑，头发灰白稀疏。
7. When he learned it was to borrow, not to give, that the man had come, his tone changed. 当他知道使者是来借钱而不是送礼，说话的口气 马上变了。 8. Several years’ service in the army will make a man of Fred.(增形容词) 在部队服役几年会使弗雷德成为真正的男子汉。 9. Time drops in decay, like a candle burnt out.（增副 词）时间一点一滴地逝去，犹如蜡烛慢慢燃尽
1．工人们都赞成降低生产成本。(for) 2．用超声波能把形状不规则的机件洗干净。 (by) 3．通常用字母l表示电流，用E表示电动势， 用R表示电阻。(三个for) 4．物理实验结束了。(over) 5．这个化学试验延误了l0分钟。(behind)
翻译方法之增译法、减译法、重复法
翻译方法之增译法、减译法、重复法•英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时既可能要将词义进行转换，有可能要在词量上加以增减。
•有的时候，为了明确、强调或生动，也需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。
•什么叫增译法？我们可以这样确定它的定义：为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格，并使译文合乎表达习惯，必须按意义上（修辞上）和句法上增加一些词语，这就叫做增译法。
•一、根据意义(修辞)上的需要•二、根据句法上的需要一、根据意义(修辞)上的需要•（一）增加动词•（二）增加形容词•（三）增加副词•（四）增加名词•（五）增加表示名词复数的词•（六）增加表达时态的词•（七）增加语气助词•（八）增加量词•（九）增加根据上下文需要及反映背景情况的词•（十）增加概括词•（十一）增加承上启下的词（一）增加动词•根据意义的需要，可以在名词前后增加动词。
•如：In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on ……Practice•They talked for almost eight hours, through dinner and well into the night. •My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time.（二）增加形容词•With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!中国人民正在以多么高涨的热情建设社会主义啊!•O, Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark Twain) 出生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中，现在这番景象却是多么煊赫啊！Practice•With the meeting to begin in hours, I hadn’t have time to worry about such trifles.我没有闲功夫为这些琐事操心。
日语句子的翻译技巧--加减
句子的翻译技巧第三章加、减译※加译:1、定义：加译，也称作增译，是指因表达习惯、语法原因、文化背景或原文使用省略手法等原因，如果按照字面意思翻译，会使译文不畅，为使译文通顺、易懂，而增加语言文字等的一种翻译技巧。
例:「わあ、立派なマンションですね。
そして、三種の神器もそろっていますね。
」「いいえ、それほどでもないです。
」参考译文：“哇，你家真漂亮，而且‘三大件’——电视机、冰箱和吸尘器都配齐了。
”“哪儿啊，没你说的那么好。
”分析：加译往往用于翻译原文语境下熟悉或特有的、译文语境下不熟悉或没有的事物。
日语中的指是“电视机、冰箱和吸尘器”，中国人数“三大件”时指的是“电视机、洗衣机和冰箱”，所以翻译时要加译。
2、加译练习◎加译人称代词（参见第1章第3节“代词的翻译”）◎加译指示代词（参见第1章第3节“增译指示代词”）◎加译动词例：ハイヒールの奥さんも可愛い洋装の女の子もおそらく心臓がどきんどきんするほど走っていたのだが。
参考译文：穿高跟鞋的夫人和穿西服的女孩都跑得心脏咚咚直跳。
例：それから十年。
私は母と一度もあわない。
参考译文：从那以后10年过去了，我再也没见母亲。
例：さらに個個の芸術がそのなかの不純な要素を追放し、それぞれ固有の表現領域を求めて努力した。
建築は絵画的、彫塑的要素を、絵画は建築的、彫塑的要素を、彫塑は建築的、絵画的要素をそれぞれ追放するという具合にである。
参考译文：进一步说，每一种艺术都要排除其中不纯因素，为追求其各自固有的表现领域而努力。
建筑排除了绘画、雕塑的因素，绘画排除了建筑、雕塑的因素，雕塑排除了建筑、绘画的因素。
例：算盤をはじいていた駅員は窓口の鉄格子越に僕の顔を見返した。
参考译文：正在打算盘的售票员抬起头来，隔着窗户的铁栅栏看了我一眼。
分析：售票员打算盘时低着头，他看“我”时要抬头的，这样在译文中增添了“抬起头来”是合情合理的，而且使译文更加具体生动。
◎加译数量词:日语中如果不是特指，一般不用“一”这一数词。
大学英语实用翻译教程Unit 3(2) 增译与减译
Amplification for Grammatical Purpose 语法增译
根据语法需要，汉译英时常增译代词、介词、连接词等。
1）增加代词 作者在小说中表达出他对祖国的爱。 The writer expresses his love for his motherland in his novels. 2）增加介词 仓库重地，不准吸烟。 Smoking is not allowed in the store-house. 3）增加连接词 实际上，并不是所有人都知道热胀冷缩的原因。 In fact, not all people knoபைடு நூலகம் the reason why matters expand when heated and contract when cooled.
汉译英中的语法减译的情况。 1）她会读个书写个字。 She can read and write.
Omission for Grammatical Purpose 语法增译
（省略做宾语的名词）
2）她像照看自己的孩子一样照看那些孤儿。 She looked after the orphans as carefully as after her own children. （省略动词） 3）左侧右侧各有一门，一通饭厅，一通书房。 A door on the left leads to the dining room and one on the right to the study. （省略概括词） 4）中国过去不曾、现在没有、将来也不会对世界能源安全 构成威胁。 China did not, does not and will not pose any threat to the world‟s energy security. （省略表示时态的时间概念词）
增译
英语句子翻译成汉语的技巧（第三节：增译法的练习题）第三节练习题一.将下列句子译成汉语，并根据句法需要适当增加原文中省略的词。
(1) But is it worth the risks? Maybe.(2) “Did you know anything about it?” “Not until you told me.”(3) Some motions appear to be very simple; other very complicated.(4) It is more expensive than it was last time but not as good.(5) They argue that if they do not develop laser weapons, someone else will.(6) I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time.(7) You had better give a performance if your friends ask you to.二、将下列句子译成汉语，并根据意义或修辞上的需要适当增加一些词语，以使译文更加忠实通顺。
(1)Being leaders, you have to overcome your pessimismand pluck up your courage to face the difficulties.(2) Not to educate a child is to condemn him torepetition of ignorance.(3) The development of Chinese industry remains oneof the priorities of the government.(4) Testing is a complicated problem and longexperience is required for its mastery.答案：1. 但是否值得冒此风险呢？也许是值得的。
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增译与减译练习试译下列句子，注意为弥合词义差异的需要增加适当的词或减少某些不必要的词：（一）增词1．The retreat commenced in all haste.2．Her grace was a delight.3．There was a wide emptiness over the street.4．His arrogance made everyone dislike him.5. 听到这个消息，他一肚皮的酒几乎全化成了酸醋。
6. 他一边放声大笑，一边不住地拿眼瞅着她。
7. 她悄悄地来到她妹妹的房间里，将门拉上。
（二）减词1．They had to stay there until the person they were addressed to happened to come by and stop at the inn.2. This explains why farmers in very windy regions try to protect their soil by planting rows of trees to break the force of the wind.3．但是，我却看到了一次最雄伟、最瑰丽的日出景象。
4．姑娘有点不好意思了，脸上泛着红潮。
5．本书所谈的是美国人民与土地合作的经过，以及合作过程中所产生的一些变迁。
试译下列句子，注意为弥合修辞差异的需要增加适当的词或减少某些不必要的词：（一）增词1．Outside stood a little girl, dripping wet and shivering.2．If future predictions of a shortage of quality workers come true, it will become even more important to make employees feel part of the team.3．她不喜欢他这样打扮，老里老气的，不像个青年人。
4．他一个人跑到北海的土山上，徜徉了一个晚上。
（二）减词1．The mail carrier could leave letters there for everyone for miles around.2．As soon as the operator releases the key, breaking the circuit, the electromagnet releases the end of the armature（电枢）that it has pulled toward itself.3．这儿的峡谷又是另一番景象：谷中急水奔流，穿峡而过，两岸树木葱茏，鲜花繁茂，碧草萋萋，活脱脱一幅生机盎然的天然风景画。
各种奇峰异岭，令人感受各异，遐想万千。
4．这放盐也不是一成不变的，要因人、因时而变。
试译下列句子，注意为弥合语境差异的需要增加适当的词或减少某些不必要的词：（一）增词1．You probably already know that black absorbs the most heat while white reflects the most. But what about other colors between?2．The odor of disinfectant stung my nostrils as I moved down the row of pens. Each contained five to seven dogs.3．我抬头望去，已到巫山。
I look up and see that we have reached the Wu Mountains.4．从费城出发去他家之前，我就和他通了电话。
一下车，他已经在站上等了。
（二）减词1．So I made as much noise as I could with my automobile horn. I sounded the horn every tenminutes, hoping that some other traveler passing near me would hear.2．Double Click（双击公司）was sued by a California woman who accused the company of illegally obtaining and selling personal information about Internet users.3．柔软的柳丝低垂在静谧的小河边上，河边的顽童，破坏了小河的安静。
4．清晨，一列从北平向东开行的平沈通车，正驰行在广阔、碧绿的原野上。
答案：增译与减译练习参考译文（一）增词1．The retreat commenced in all haste.撤退工作匆匆忙忙地开始了。
2．Her grace was a delight.她的又没风度，令人欣悦。
3．There was a wide emptiness over the street.马路上显出一派空旷的景象。
4．His arrogance made everyone dislike him.他的傲慢态度事的人人都不喜欢他。
5. 听到这个消息，他一肚皮的酒几乎全化成了酸醋。
At this news the wine in his stomach turned to sour vinegar in his jealousy.6. 他一边放声大笑，一边不住地拿眼瞅着她。
He burst out laughing and kept looking at her intently.7. 她悄悄地来到她妹妹的房间里，将门拉上。
She went softly over to her sister’s room and pulled the door up behind he r.（二）减词1．They had to stay there until the person they were addressed to happened to come by and stopat the inn.他们得一直在那儿等着、直到有一天收信人碰巧打那儿路过并在这家客栈停留才能走。
2. This explains why farmers in very windy regions try to protect their soil by planting rows of trees to break the force of the wind.译文一：这就是风沙地区的农民要栽上一排排的防风林来保护土壤的原因所在。
译文二：多封地区的农民之所以要栽上一排排的防风林保护土壤，原因就在于此。
3．但是，我却看到了一次最雄伟、最瑰丽的日出景象。
I have , however, seen a superbly majestic and beautiful sunrise.4．姑娘有点不好意思了，脸上泛着红潮。
The girl blushed shyly.5．本书所谈的是美国人民与土地合作的经过，以及合作过程中所产生的一些变迁。
The book tells of the partnership of land and people in the United States, and , of some of the changes that partnership brought about.试译下列句子，注意为弥合修辞差异的需要增加适当的词或减少某些不必要的词：（一）增词1．Outside stood a little girl, dripping wet and shivering.门外站着一个小女孩，浑身湿透，冻得瑟瑟发抖。
2．If future predictions of a shortage of quality workers come true, it will become even more important to make employees feel part of the team.有人预言，高素质的员工将会短缺。
如果这一预言将来成为现实，那么让雇员感到自己是该集体中不可缺少的一员就显得更为重要。
3．她不喜欢他这样打扮，老里老气的，不像个青年人。
She disliked this outfit of his which made him look old before his time.4．他一个人跑到北海的土山上，徜徉了一个晚上。
He hurried offf alone to Beihai Park and spent the evening pacing up and down its hills.（二）减词1．The mail carrier could leave letters there for everyone for miles around.邮差可以将数英里范围内的信件放在这里。
2．As soon as the operator releases the key, breaking the circuit, the electromagnet releases the end of the armature（电枢）that it has pulled toward itself.话务员一松开键，将电路断开，电磁铁就会松开它刚吸过去的那端电枢。
3．这儿的峡谷又是另一番景象：谷中急水奔流，穿峡而过，两岸树木葱茏，鲜花繁茂，碧草萋萋，活脱脱一幅生机盎然的天然风景画。
各种奇峰异岭，令人感受各异，遐想万千。
It is another gorge through which a rapid stream flows. Trees, flowers and grass, a picture of natural vitality, thrive on both banks. The weird peaks arouse disparate thoughts.4．这放盐也不是一成不变的，要因人、因时而变。
The quantity of salt varies with the people and the time.试译下列句子，注意为弥合语境差异的需要增加适当的词或减少某些不必要的词：（一）增词1．You probably already know that black absorbs the most heat while white reflects the most. But what about other colors between?你或许已经直到，黑色物体吸收的热量最多，而白色物体反射的热量最多。