COPERNICUS’_REVOLUTIONARY_THEORY
初三英语宇宙探索发现单选题50题
初三英语宇宙探索发现单选题50题1. The Earth is a ______ that orbits around the Sun.A. starB. planetC. satellite答案：B。
本题考查对宇宙天体的基本概念以及相关英语单词的掌握。
选项A“star”指恒星，像太阳就是恒星，而地球不是恒星。
选项B“planet”是行星，地球是围绕太阳公转的行星，符合题意。
选项C“satellite”是卫星，通常是围绕行星转动的天体，地球不是卫星。
2. Which of the following is a natural satellite of the Earth?A. The MoonB. MarsC. Venus答案：A。
本题重点在于对地球的天然卫星这一概念的考查以及相关天体名称的英语表达。
选项A“The Moon”月球是地球的天然卫星。
选项B“Mars”火星是一颗行星，不是地球的卫星。
选项C“Venus”金星也是一颗行星，不是地球的卫星。
3. Stars are huge celestial bodies that can produce their own ______.A. waterB. lightC. air答案：B。
这题考查恒星的特性以及对应的英语单词。
恒星是巨大的天体，它们能够自己产生光。
选项A“water”水，恒星不会产生水。
选项C“air”空气，恒星也不会产生空气，选项B“light”光，符合恒星的特性。
4. Among the following planets, which one is closest to the Sun?A. MercuryB. JupiterC. Neptune答案：A。
本题考查太阳系行星与太阳的距离相关知识以及行星名称的英语。
在太阳系中，水星是距离太阳最近的行星。
选项B“Jupiter”木星距离太阳较远。
选项C“Neptune”海王星是距离太阳非常远的行星。
文以载道
文以载道立德树人作者：许秀群来源：《新阅读》2018年第09期摘要：文化意识培养是英语核心素养的重要组成部分。
结合高中教材中课文阅读，以对中西方科学文化差异的认识为教学素材，通过显性的具体教学，挖掘课文阅读中蕴含的文化意识隐性内涵，培养学生的文化意识，增强自身的文化自信。
关键词：立德树人英语阅读教学文化意识党的十八大以来，教育部作出了深化课程改革、落实“立德树人”根本任务的部署，明确了英语学科核心素养的结构：语言能力、文化意识、思维品质、学习能力，其中的文化意识是指对中外文化的理解和对优秀文化的认同，是学生在全球化背景下表现出的跨文化认知、态度和行为取向。
文化意识体现英语学科核心素养的价值取向。
文化意识的培养有助于学生增强国家认同和家国情怀、坚定文化自信，树立人类命运共同体意识，学会做人做事，成为有文明素养和社会责任感的人。
文化意识的培养目标获得文化知识，理解文化内涵，比较文化异同，汲取文化精华，形成正确的价值观，坚定文化自信，形成自尊、自信、自强的良好品格，具备一定的跨文化沟通和传播中华文化的能力。
倡导以学生为主体，开展参与式、体验式、实践式及合作式的学习方式，培养学生形成积极的情感态度、跨文化交际意识及自主学习能力。
培养学生文化意识是时代发展的需要，是在原课程标准的基础上的跨越和升华，意义深远。
文化意识的教学现状英语作为人文学科，肩负着语言技能学习和文化意识培养的双重任务。
迫于应试教育的压力，许多教师往往关注教学内容中的语言点、单词、语法结构等“教学硬件”的教学，只见树木，不见森林。
课堂教学中，虽然有涉及文化意识的内容，但是缺少系统性，对英语文化的介绍处于零散、肤浅状态，围绕着英语文化的讲解重视不足，实际成效难以达到预期。
将良好的渗透文化意识、立德树人的机遇拱手错失，离英语核心素养的要求相去甚远。
因此学习语言不仅要完成语言技能的掌握，还要了解文化背景，注重人文情怀和人文修养。
如果脱离文化意识的培养，核心素养的整体提高是不可能的。
【讲座】2016年全国I卷书面表达评卷回顾及书面表达教学建议
二、高考评卷有三大标准
福建师范大学 黄远振教授提出： 首先，内容要点定档次 其次，语言表达分高低 再则，句群连贯作微调
2016年全国卷一(新课标一) 第二节书面表达（满分25分） 假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职， 已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。给外 Ms Jenkins写信，请她修改所附材料的文字和 格式（format）。
面没有即长又难的词汇，句型多用简单句和并列句，并没 有用到非谓语动词，倒装等较复杂的句子结构。 2016年描写作者写作意图时，用了并列句：I'm applying for a part-time job at a foreign company in my city during the summer vacation, and I have just completed my application letter and resume. 两个分 句也比较简单。2015年描写报刊用了过去分词做后置定语 ：“It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries”，这两 处的使用也合情合理，行文自然流畅，不是牵强为了语法 而写语法。所以我们的考生完成书面表达时不能片面追求 所谓的“高级词汇”、短语或复杂的句式，而牺牲文章内 容和语言的流畅。
根据新修订的普通高中英语课程标准，英 语学科核心素养主要包括四个方面：“语
言能力”、“文化意识”、“思维品质” 、“学习能力”。
学思结合的“读写教学”
思维导图是七十年代，托尼布赞提出的。是一种 可视化、放射性思维工具。它是一种将思维图像 化的技巧，也将知识结构图像化的过程，它利用 色彩、图画、代码、和多维度层次等图文并茂的 形式来增强记忆效果。思维导图常将某一主题置 于中央位置，主题的主干作为分支向四周放射， 每条分支上使用一个关键词，各分支连成一个连 接的节点结构，整张图形看上去就像人的神经网 络图。思维导图做为一种功能强大的图形技术被 视为打开大脑潜能的万能钥匙。
高中英语课本文章阅读
高中英语课本文章阅读知识经济和全球化的飞速发展已经不可避免的成为当代社会的显著特征,英语在全球一体化的趋势下逐渐成为人们交流的重要工具。
下面是店铺带来的高中英语课本文章阅读，欢迎阅读!高中英语课本文章阅读篇一TABLE MANNERS AT A DINNER PARTYPeople who go to a formal Western dinner party for the first time may be surprised by table manners in Western culture. Knowing them will help you make a good impression. Having good table manners means knowing, for example, how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table. Beside your napkin you will find a small bread roll and three glasses - one for white wine, one for red wine, and one for water. There are two pairs of knives and forks on the table. Fork on the left and knives on the right of the plate. When you see two spoons, the big one is for the soup and the small one for the dessert. The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bit bigger than the ones beside them. When you sit down at the table, you can take your napkin, unfold it and put it on your lap. In China, you sometime get a hot, damp cloth to clean your face and hands, which, however, is not the custom in Western countries.Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called a starter. Some people pray before they start eating, and other people may keep silent for a moment. Then you can say “Enjoy your meal” to each other and everybody starts eating. For the starter, which you eat with the smaller pair, you keep the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left. After the starter you will get a bowl of soup - but only one bowl of soup and never ask for a secondserving.The next dish is the main course. Many Westerners think the chicken breast with its tender white flesh is the best part of the bird. Some people can use their fingers when they are eating chicken or other birds, but never touch beef or other meat on bones. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate, so don’t take more food than you need.At table, you should try to speak quietly and smile a lot, but do not laugh all the time.Most Westerners like soft drinks if they will drive home. Many of them drink white or red wine with the food. When drinking to someone’s health, you raise your glasses, but the glasses should not touch. The custom of toasting in some parts of China is to finish the drink at once, but Westerners usually take only a sip. For drinking during a dinner, the best advice is never to drink too much.Table manners change over time. They follow the fashion of the day. Besides, table manners are only important at formal dinner parties. If you’re not sure what to do, you can always follow your hosts. Although good manners always make you look good, you do not need to worry about all these rules while having dinner with your friends or family.高中英语课本文章阅读篇二THEME PARKS — FUN AND MORE THAN FUNWhich theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science,cartoons, movies or history. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture. Whichever andwhatever you like, there is a theme park for you!The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland. It can be found in several parts of the world. It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether traveling through space, visiting apirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character. As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street. Of course Disneyland also hasmany exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops. With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland! Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeasternUSA, is one of the most unique theme parks in the world. Dollywood shows and celebrates America's traditional southeastern culture. Although Dollywood has rides, the park's main attraction is its culture. Famous country music groups perform there all year in indoor and outdoor theatres. People comefrom all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and iron objects in the old-fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam- engine train still working in the southeast USA. You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world's largest bald eagle preserve. And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best old wooden roller coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest space. Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about America's historicalsoutheastern culture!If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies, princes and queens, then England's Camelot Park is the place for you. Every area of the park is modelled after life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. In one place, you can watch magic shows with Merlin the Wizard. If you want to see fighting with swords or on horseback, then the jousting area is a good place to visit. If you do well there, King Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament. Do you like animals? Then visit the farm area, and learn how people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!高中英语课本文章阅读篇三COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORYNicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete. In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God's idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.。
高中英语必修5课文逐句翻译(人教版)
必修五Unit 1 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”约翰·xx击败“霍乱xx”John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰·xx是xx一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料xx女xx的私人医生。
But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。
This was the deadly disease of its day.霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次霍乱暴发时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。
John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.约翰·xx想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。
He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。
He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.斯诺对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。
初赛试题
东北师范大学2011年教师技能大赛初赛备选试题语文试题：初中组：1.《醉翁亭记》欧阳修；2.《我用残损的手掌》戴望舒；3.《我的叔叔于勒》莫泊桑；高中组：1.《李清照词两首》；2.《荷塘月色》朱自清；3.《再别康桥》徐志摩。
数学试题：英语试题：初中组：You are supposed to explain the following materials in the given time from the perspectives of background information, linguistic points, and grammatical structures as well1. Section B 3a：How I learned to learn English (on Page 6)fromUnit 1 How do you study for a test in Go for it Students’ Book(九年级).2. Section B 3a：Strange events in Bell Tower neighborhood(on Page 38)from Unit 5 It must belong to Carla in Go for it Students’Book(九年级).3. Section B 3a：Travel spotlight: Paris (on Page 54)from Unit 7Where would you like to visit? in Go for it Students’ Book(九年级).高中组：You are supposed to explain the following materials in the given time from the perspectives of background information, linguistic points, and grammatical structures as well1. Para1-3 (Line 1-19) out of John Snow Defeats “King Cholera （on Page 2）from Unit 1 Great Scientists inNew Senior English for China Student’s Book 5.2. Para1-3 (Line 1-18) out of Copernicus’ Revolutionary Theory （on Page 7）from Unit1 Great Scientists inNew Senior English for China Student’s Book 5.3. Para1-2 (Line 1-12) out of Puzzles in Geography（on Page 9-10）from Unit 2The United Kingdom inNew Senior English for China Student’s Book 5俄语试题：初中组：1. Семья2. Интерес и увлечение3. Времена года高中组：1. Интернет в нашей жизни2. Здоровье3. Мы любим путешествие物理试题：初中组：1.人教版初中物理八年级下册第九章电与磁二、磁场；2.人教版初中物理九年级第十二章运动和力五、牛顿第一定律；3.人教版初中物理九年级机械能四、动能和势能；高中组：1.人教版新课标高中物理必修1 第四章牛顿运动定律 1 牛顿第一定律；2.人教版新课标高中物理选修3-1 第一章静电场 5 电势差；3.人教版新课标高中物理必修2 第五章机械能及其守恒定律 1追寻守恒量。
Copernicus’s revolutionary theory
only if表示只有;
if only则表示如果……就好了,也可用于陈述语气 I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟 响了，我才会醒。 If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。 If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
（05年） He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ________ that he paid me back the following week. A. on occasion B. on purpose C. on condition D. only if
（06年）if only I ____play the guitar as well as you ! A. would B. could C. should D. might
答案：B 要是我弹吉他能弹得像你那么好就好了！ If only 在语义和用法上相当于I wish ，后面的动词 用一般过去时表示目前的愿望，用过去完成时表 示过去的愿望，用could/would表示对将来的期 望.A侧重指认得意愿B侧重指人的能力。句子的意 思主要指弹吉他的能力
arise 没有“上升”之意，多指“产生、发生和出 现”，常用于抽象事物 rise 使用范围广，既用于具体事物的“上升、增 长”，又用于抽象事物的“上涨、发生” raise 与以上两词不同的是，此词是及物动词，表示 把某具体事物抬起高处或提高某抽象事物（工资、地 位等）
arouse 及物动词 vt. 唤醒；唤起；引起；激起
高二英语必修五第一单元教案设计
高二英语必修五第一单元集体备课整体教案（定稿)主备人：容容一，教材分析和教材重组1. 教材分析本单元主要话题是How to organize scientific research。
旨在通过本单元的教学培养学生探究科学、崇尚科学的精神和正确的科学观；帮助学生了解科学的本质和科学家的特质，使学生懂得科学探究的基本步骤和要素；指导学生如何对科学家及其所从事的科研工作进行描述、发表看法，并针对自己的个性特征和兴趣专长，畅谈个人的职业志向和人生规划。
1.1 Warming Up 通过问答形式使学生回顾不同领域不同时代的10位科学家，了解他们对人类的贡献及其成果。
1.2 Pre-reading 通过对几个问题的讨论，使学生了解传染病和“霍乱”的基本常识，并了解科研过程中验证某些观点的基本程序和方法。
1.3 Reading 介绍英国著名医生John Snow是如何通过考察分析、探究的科学方法，发现并控制“霍乱”这种传染病的。
通过课文学习，使学生了解科学发现的全过程及其严密性；学习描述性文体的基本写作框架。
1.4 Comprehending 共设计了四个题型。
1.5 Learning about Language 共设计了两大部分，8个练习，对本单元的重点词汇和主要语法项目进行训练。
第一部分的1-4题旨在训练学生对重点词汇、短语的运用；第二部分旨在练习过去分词作定语和表语的用法。
1.6 Using Language 由两部分组成：Listening and speaking 是一段关于中国著名科学家钱学森先生的生平介绍的听力材料；Reading and writing是一段关于伟大天文学家哥白尼发表“日心说”过程的短文。
2．教材重组2.1 将Warming Up，Pre-reading, Reading和Comprehending三部分整合为一节“精读课”。
2.2 重点讲解Reading中的语言点，句子结构为一节课。
Copernicus’_Revolutionary_Theory
be strict with, cautious, enthusiastic, make sense, arise, reject
1.She was_______ cautious about doing everything for fear of making mistakes. enthusiastic about Eastern 2.She is very __________ music. 3.We should try to overcome it when any difficulty _______. arises rejected his idea for setting up a 4. We _______ music club, and decided to have an art club instead. sense 5.What he said made __________. 6. Mr. He ____________ is strict with us in learning English.
The Old Theory Copernicus' Theory
arose The problem ________
movements
brightness
Can the old theory explain these phenomena?
How?
Collected observations of stars，
Isaac Newton
Significant
Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.
模块五Unit 1导学案
郑中钧英语科组Module 5 Unit 1 Great scientists学习目标：1．根据音标正确拼读单词，利用音节记忆单词拼写。
2．完成重点词汇自学，掌握重点词汇的拼、读、写和常用法。
3．了解得出科学观点所需的过程。
阅读课文，感悟John Snow 如何通过考察，分析，探索的科学方法，发现并控制“霍乱”这种传染病的。
4．分析长难句，翻译出其中文意思。
5．初步掌握过去分词在句中作定语和表语的功能，并能利用过分作定语和表语来翻译句子。
第一课时词汇学习【课前自主学习】Task 1. 词汇预习。
A：朗读以下词汇, 记忆词意：ch a/rac/te/ris/tic, ra/dium,, a/na/lyz(s)e, in∕fect, phy/si/cian, dead/ly, out/break, vic/tim,en/qui/ry, neigh/bor/hood, se/vere, fore/see, in/ves/ti/gate, germ, cer/tain/ty, res/pon/si/ble,cre/ative, pri/vate/ly, en/thu/si/as/tic, u/ni/verse, Ni/co/laus Co/per/ni/cusB: 重点词汇及短语识记，掌握拼写以及词意：con/clude, con/clu/sion, de/feat, ex/pert, a/ttend, ex/pose, cure, cha/llenge,sus/pect, blame,po/llute, link, con/tri/bute, cau/tious, re/ject, posi/tive, ab/sorb, a/part from, make senseTask 2. 自主学习下列重点词汇，尝试记忆重点词汇意义与搭配。
(15mins)I. 【重点词汇学习与运用】1. cure vt.治愈; 矫正n.治愈; 疗法；措施例句Up till now, People have not found an effective cure for AIDS. 到目前为止, 人们还没有找到治疗艾滋病的有效的方法。
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COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONARY THEORY
Something about Copernicus
born: in Poland in 1473 died : May 24, 1543
Copernicus
✲mathematician and astronomer , also could speak more than 3 languages ✲came to be seen as the initiator of the Scientific Revolution
8. I suggested to my father that we ____ to Dalian for a holiday this summer, but the expression on his face suggested that he_____ to it. A. go , shouldn't agree B. would go, shouldn't agree C. go , didn’t agree D. would go , didn’t agree
3. The school sees its job as preparing students to make____ to society. A. contributions B. advances C. preparations D. conclusions 4._____ I read the story, I'm greatly moved by it. A. At the moment B. Every time C. For the time D. Next time
Skim the text and draw the two theories of the universe with the following pictures.
Sun
ears’ theory Showing Copernicus’ theory
Reading-I----skimming (2m)
6. He is a very clever man and can ____ many tough problems. A. handle B. overcome C. be solved D. come up 7. There happened to be a murder case ___the man ____ the mayor. A. linked, with B. linking, to C. connected, with D. joined, to
Warming up
1.Do you know what is the center of the solar system? 2.Can you name the nine planets in the solar system?
Nine Planets In .
the Solar System
2. Why couldn’t he tell anyone about the theory?
Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.
3. How many years did Copernicus work on the problem to complete his theory?
Read the text and answer the following question. 1. Why couldn’t he tell anyone about the theory? 2. How many years did Copernicus work on the problem to complete his theory? 3. When did Copernicus publish his theory?
Homework
整个单元知识点 2. 完成Unit1《导学案》 3.完成unit11《测评卷》 4.完成报纸第2期 5.预习unit 2
1.复习Unit1
5. ______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(变体)of genes in human bodies. A. Being exposed B. Exposed C. Having exposed D. After being exposed
• Planet Order from the Sun The Sun Mercury 水星 • Venus 金星 Earth 地球 • Mars 火星 • Jupiter 木星 • Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Neptune 海王星 • Pluto 冥王星
Reading-I----skimming (2m)
4 years.
4. When did Copernicus publish his theory?
He published his theory as he lay dying in 1543.
Language points
参照《导学案》 P6 Using Language
单元复习题
1. I’m at a loss and can’t____ what you’re talking about. A. make sense of B. make difference C. make sense D. make clean of 2.____ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds traditional Fujian dishes. A. Far from B. Apart from C. Instead of D. Regardless of
Sun
earth
Read carefully and try to draw the two theories of the universe.
Before Copernicus’ theory
The Earth was stationary不动的，固 定的 at the center of the solar system, and the Sun and planets revolved around it.
Skim the text and draw the two theories of the universe with the following pictures.
Sun
earth
Before Copernicus’ theory
Showing Copernicus’ theory
Sun
earth
Showing Copernicus’ theory
The Sun is stationary at the center of the solar system, and the Earth and the other planets orbit around it.
Reading-II----detailed reading (2m)