应用文体翻译
四、实用文体简介及其翻译(1)
2
长春工程学院教案用纸
教法提示
Enlightening 文体的实用性 内容的现 实性 内容的实 效性
使读者一目了然
条理清晰、层次分明、 针对性明确 注：实用性是判断文章质量高低的尺度和标准 b) 内容的真实性： 指该类文章的内容必须是以事实为依据，不得虚 内容的真实性： 构和杜撰，文中所涉及的事实和数据材料等都要 真实、准确，不得有任何的艺术加工，否则将承 担因不真实带来的法律或者行为后果责任。 注：应用文体的语言必须简练准确、直截了当，就事论事，不做 任何的虚饰和自由发挥， 避免使用晦涩难懂的词汇， 务必没有 歧义， 使读者不产生疑问。 应用文体的内容必须用准确的语言 来表达。语言的准确表达，取决于思路的清晰，同时也取决于 对字、词、句的精心选择和反复推敲。每个词每句话都必须有 明确的含义。即用词要准确无误，造句要合乎语法和逻辑。还 要善于辨析词义，区别词的感情色彩，根据特定的语言环境， 选用最恰当的词语。避免用词含混，歧义迭出；或用语不慎， 前后矛盾；或概念不清，留有漏洞；或判断不当，结论模糊， 其结果必然带来理解上的困难 c) 体式的规范性： 体式的规范性： 指该类文体因目的的不同而需要选用不同的文种 和适应不同的格式要求。应用文体的规范性主要 表现在两个方面，一是文种的规范，二是格式的 discussion
长春工程学院教案用纸
教法提示
Chapter Four
General Introduction to Practical Writings and Their Translation
I. Teaching contents 1. Review and homework checking 2. General Introduction to practical writings 3. The basic rules and strategies of practical writing translation 4. Translation practice 5. Assignments 6． References for further reading 7. Feedback II. Teaching Aims To make the students aware of the characteristics , functions and application of practical writings ; the basic rules and strategies of practical writings translation III. Teaching Focus The characteristics of practical writings ; the basic rules and strategies of practical writings translation IV. Teaching Procedures: One: Step One: Review and homework checking 1. Linguistic characteristics of literary works 形象 抒情 含蓄 幽默 讽刺性 象征性 2. Principles of literary translation 翻译不同文体要不同的侧重: 翻译小说 语境的传译 人物描绘的传译 总体风格的传译
应用文体翻译
关于“请小心衣服弄脏你的口红”的翻译2090214132王俊1.图片说明●图片来源:李宁专卖店更衣室●图片：●文字功能:我们可以看到此图片中的中文标语是“请小心衣服弄花您的口红”,对应英文翻译是”Please the careful clothes mishandle flowers you the lipstick ！”.此条标语是李宁专卖店内用来提醒顾客试衣服的时候不要把口红沾到衣服上，以免将其弄脏。
这条标语属于提示性公共语。
2.分析●分析该图片标语: 从整个译本来看，这条标语完全是按照字面直译过来，首先语法是完全错误。
请小心衣服弄脏您的口红，这句话是一个祈使句，并且用于提示作用，译文中careful 是形容词，前应跟be动词，在此句中前是定冠词the ,若是按照此版本来译，首先缺乏系动词。
在选择单词上也有不适，例如“mishandle”的本意是“粗暴的对待，虐待，胡乱的处置”，,显然这里对应的是弄，花的对应翻译就是flower,而根据原中文版本，句中弄花一起应是作为谓语动词的,表示把整洁好的东西弄脏，而对应的翻译mishandle flower 不仅词性不对，意义更是让人一头雾水。
●分析同等或类似功能的英语：还看到另外一个翻译版本是“Carefully try to avoidlipstick touch on clothes” .先从后半分看起，此标语是为了提醒试衣服的顾客不要把口红印到衣服上，而对应的英文翻译是“avoid lipstick touch on clothes ”，很显然，在基本意思，信息对等上是符合的。
但是在此翻译中的“touch”一词使用是很有问题的，不难看出“touch”应是用来对应“印”的翻译，且在此句中是作为名词使用的，可“touch”作为名词是有触摸之意，是不能作为合适的对等翻译。
3.建议●这条标语的目的，属于公众性提示语，表面上看是说不要让口红弄脏你的衣服，其言下之意是怕你的口红弄脏了人家的衣服，但是这话反过来一说，反倒让试衣服的人不好意思。
应用文体翻译
应用文体翻译·一、应用文体翻译的特点。
应用文体最基本的特点是“用”，另外应用文体往往对象明确，时间性强、讲求实效、格式固定、语言得体、文字简约。
从临时的函电通告到各色的海报启示，都属于应用文体的范围，而常见的应用文体有书信（包括e-mail）、评论的翻译、出国留学信函、公告、通知、规章、法令、广告、启事、契约、合同、公函、私信等。
因为它们固定的格式和明确的交际目的，对于应用文体的翻译不能像翻译小说、散文等纯文学语言形式那样去传达某种思想感情，它是以传递信息为主，且实用性、规范性极强，即要“务实”。
这是由它们形式的格式化要求的。
这个格式是人们在长期使用中习以为常、约定俗成、自然而然形成的。
二、应用文体翻译的就业方向和前景。
想获得高薪或好的笔译工作，需要积累一定的客户资源和需要一定的笔译经验，不过笔译确实是非常的累。
但应用文体翻译实用性较强，只要是经过专业训练、既有专业又懂外语的“复合型”和“高端”人才会更受用人单位青睐。
毕业生一般去向是翻译公司或就职于外贸部门、培训机构、报社编辑、大型企业、跨国企业、高校的翻译教学工作的机构。
三、应用文体翻译者的素质要求。
1）应用文体翻译应该保证读者得到准确的信息，达到预期的交际效果。
广告的功能是唤起读者的兴趣，它的翻译须以读者为中心，迎合译语读者的文化取向，采用对他们有感召力的语言。
因此，广告翻译中出现大段增删、改写也是不足为奇的。
法律文献和商业文件的翻译都需要一定的跨学科知识，即双语知识加有关行业的知识。
这在翻译操作这一层面上反映了翻译的跨学科性质。
2）注重团队精神，并做到诚信（不可以向外人透露公司或个人的一些材料）；3）用人单位对译员的对于各种办公软件操作熟练程度会有要求，因此这也是一门必修课以及1-2年（或更多）的工作经验，笔译证书对于一些公司也是必不可少的；4）扎实的英汉双语语言功底，跨文化交际意识。
掌握一些各学科知识，这样才能顺利应付诸如像商务信函的翻译过程中出现的各种形式的术语词汇及习惯表达的含义和固定译法等。
合同翻译
3. 本文（Body)
定义条款 （Definition clause) 基本条款（Basic conditions) 一般条款（General terms and conditions) 合同有效期限 （Duration) 终止 (Termination) 不可抗力 （Force Majeure) 合同的让与 （Assignment) 仲裁 （Arbitration) 适用法律 （governing law) 诉讼管辖 （Jurisdiction) 通知手续 （Notice) 合同的修改 （Amendment) 其他 （Others)
c. Should：在合同中通常只用来表示语气较弱的假设， 多翻译成“万一”或“如果”，极少译成“应该”。
返回章重点 退出
多用专业词汇
Translate the following terms into Chinese.
1. joint venture 合资企业 2． competitive advantage 竞争优势 3． bid project 竞投项目 4． fulfill obligation 履行义务 5. 50/50 split 平摊
2）Party A shall repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Beijing. 甲方应将病人遣返中国，负责病人回到北京的旅费 （send back)。
应用类翻译 (1)
I. General Introduction to practical writings and different types of practical writing and strategies of practical writing translation
II.合同与函电的翻译 III.社交应用文书的翻译 IV.生活应用文书的翻译
I.General Introduction to practical writings
• • 一、应用文体的概念及特点 二、应用文体翻译的基本原则
By 梁美霞
• 概念：应用文是各类企事业单位、机 关团 体和个人在工作、学习 和日常生活等社会 活动 中，用以处理各种公私事务、传递交 流 信息、 解决实际问题所使用的具有直接 实用价值、格 式规范、 语言简约的多种文 体的统称。
• 应用文体根据不同文种的使用范围、对象、 作用，可分为： 条据类（收据、留言条、请假条等）； 书信类（社交信函、商业信函）； 礼仪类（请柬、讣告）； 记录类（日记、履历、自传、报告记录 等）； 经验类（总结、实验报告等）； 规约类（合同、计划、规章）； 宣传类（标语、海报、广告、说明书等）
分 类
英语和美语在书信体方面存在着一定差异，比如信头称呼、 书信格式、遣词、结尾客套语等均有所不同。
• 英文书信，美国常用垂直式和齐头式（block style)，英国常用缩进式或锯齿 式（indented style),即每段的第一个词缩进几个空格。正式的英语书信要在称 呼的上方写上inside address，即收信公司名称和地址或收信人的名字全称、 职务及地址。 • 汉语书信，与英语有一定差别，一般采用缩进式，不需要信内地址，称呼也 因人因事而异，结束语一般采用恭谦的话语，而且日期也放在后面。 信头 称呼： 信函主题………………………………........................................ ………………………………………………………...(谦恭结束语）。 此致 敬礼
(完整版)应用文体翻译方法实践实训2
Course Name：Applied Translation 应用文体翻译2012级本科英语专业2013-2014学年上学期Content: Practical translation drills翻译方法实训（第二周）Goal: to employ translation skills covered in the previous week flexibly in translation practice. Emphasis: not to be confined to specific translation skills, but rather different versions are encouraged with special attention to the boldface in the following sentences.Assignment & Summary: First render the following into Chinese and do back-translation and finish translation diary after class.(1) Each of these U.S. companies is attempting to offer convenient services to customers by centering on their strong business lines._______________________________________________________________________________ (2) An increasing number of Japanese discount stores and other retailers import and sell low-priced Japanese music CDs pressed abroad._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (3) Long-term interest rates have soared almost fourfold in the past three months after the rates hit a record low in mid-June._______________________________________________________________________________ (4) The primary task facing WTO members at the latest meeting was to pave the way for a broad agreement on issues discussed at the trade round launched in 2001._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (5) The decline in exports, which have been a driving force of the nation’s economic growth, is a major concern._______________________________________________________________________________ (6) International trade occurs when a country does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs._______________________________________________________________________________ (7) Problems arising from the declining birthrate and graying of the population were recognized nearly half a century ago._______________________________________________________________________________ (8) Huge investment costs, such as those for developing environment-friendly technology, have made it difficult for an automaker to survive competition on its own._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (9)This consideration decided our invitation to the mayor for the first China National Stone Products Fair._______________________________________________________________________________ (10) Assuming the laboratory tests go well, and you can quote us a competitive price, we’dcertainly be able to place more substantial orders on a regular basis._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (11) The change in plan resulted from a misjudgment on the part of the firm’s top management on what the company’s employees and business partners wanted._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (12) The success or failure of terrestrial digital broadcasting hinges on the prices of television sets and the development of new services._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (13) A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (14) International countertrade is a practice whereby a supplier commits contractually—as a condition of sale—to reciprocate and undertake certain specified commercial initiatives that compensate and benefit the buyer._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (15) A foreign business representative, neither overly sympathetic toward China nor overly disposed against it, would need to be convinced on a number of scores before he could responsibly commit his firm to taking an equity position in a Chinese enterprise._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (16) Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as law-breakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Translation Diary:Translation skills you consider the most useful and state the reasons_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Difficult points you find in the above drills_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Contrast the original version with the one the lecturer has explained and find out the differences ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Please find time to do back-translation and try to commit useful English expressions to memory and write down the difficulties you encounter in the process._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________。
应用翻译---科技文体翻译练习
What Is a SketchThe mechanic must not only know how to read the language of the industrial world but must also know how to write it. He must be able to give his own ideas and describe an object to someone else. It is often necessary to make just a part for a machine. However, there is no time to make a drawing of it with instruments, no time either for a draughtsman to make a drawing. Sometimes only one piece of a machine part is to be made and, therefore, it would be inconvenient to have the draughtsman make a mechanical drawing.Sketches are important because they show ideas and dimensions of a machine part. The cleverest idea, however, may result in a great mistake if the sketch is poorly done. We must learn to make clean sketches to be easily read by others as well as by ourselves.Machine ElementsA machine consists of a number of machine elements. The most useful machine element in power transmission is the gear. The gear is virtually a wheel with a number of teeth. Gears must work in pairs. A pair of gears with different number of teeth will increase or decrease the speed of rotationPulleys and belts are very common in power transmission. They can also change speeds on machine tools. Gears or pulleys rotate on shafts. Theshaft must rest in bearings. Sometimes there may be couplings between shafts. We may use clutches to start or stop shaft motion.Some machine elements may be very large. Others may be very small. However, each of them plays a part in the construction of a machine.Cutting ToolsThe metal cutting tool separates chips from the workpiece in order to cut the part to the desired shape and size. There is a great variety of metal cutting tools. Each of them is designed to perform a particular job or a group of metal cutting operations in an efficient manner. For example, a twist drill is designed to drill a hole which has a particular size, while a turning tool may be used to turn a variety of cylindrical shapes.There are three basic types of metal cutting tools: single-point tools, multiple-point tools, and abrasives. A single-point metal cutting tool has a single cutting edge and is used for turning, boring, shaping, and planning. The most common machine tool that employs the single-point cutting tool is the engine lathe. Multiple-point tools have two or more cutting edges such as drills, reamers, and milling cutters. The cutting edge is that part of the tool where cutting is actually done. Grinding wheels are an example of abrasive cutting tools. Each grinding wheel hasa lot of abrasive grains which act as very small cutting tools.Limits and TolerancesMachine parts are manufactured so they areinterchangeable. In other words, each part of a machineor mechanism is made to a certain size and shape so itwill fit into any other machine or mechanism of the same type. To make the part interchangeable, each individual part must be made to a size that will fit the mating part inthe correct way. It is not only impossible, but alsoimpractical to make many parts to an exact size. This isbecause machines are not perfect, and the tools becomeworn. A slight variation from the exact size is alwaysallowed. The amount of this variation depends on the kindof part being manufactured. For example, a part might bemade 6 inches long with a variation allowed of 0.003( three thousandths ) inches above and below this size.Therefore the part could be 5.997 to 6.003 inches and stillbe the correct size. These are known as the limits. Thedifference between upper and lower limits is called the tolerance.When the tolerance is in both directions from the basic size, it is known as a bilateral tolerance ( plus and minus ). Sometimes the limit is allowed in only one direction. This is known as unilateral tolerance. For example, a hole may have to be 2 inches minus 0.000 inches, or plus 0.005 inches. This means that the hole must not be smaller than 2 inches, but can be as large as 2.005 inches.Surface FinishWithin recent years a great deal of attention has been given to the invesigation of the surface texture produced by various machining and finish operations, and, although we have not yet reached the stage when surface finish requirements can be specified and produced just as it is possible for a given dimension, information is being built up which may in the end bring this about.If a machine surface is reproduced to a large enough magnification it will be found to have a wevy profile, the character and shape of the waves varying for different machining methods. Equipment is now available which will produce an enlarged contour of a surface by traversing a needle-like probe over it, the instrument at the same time plotting on a chart a greatly magnified reproduction of the up-and-down movement of the probe with its longitudinal traverse.。
应用文体翻译教程第五章 旅游文本翻译
During the Dragon Boat Festival (which falls on the fifth day of the lunar month in May)，it is a common practice to eat Zongzi，which is a rice pudding wrapped up with weed leaves．
在四川西部，有一处美妙的去处。它背倚岷山主峰雪宝顶 ，树木苍翠，花香袭人，鸟语婉转，流水潺潺。这就是松潘 县的黄龙。
One of Sichuan’s finest scenic is Huanglong (Yellow Dragon), which lies in Songpan County just beneath Xuebao, the main peak of the Minshan Mountain. Its lush green forests, filled with fragrant flowers, bubbling streams, and songbirds, are rich in historical interest as well as natural.
More sun and air for your son and heir. 这里阳光充足、空气清新，对您的儿子——事业和财产的继承人——大有
裨益。
此门已关。请走旁门 译文 Out of Use. Please Use the Other Door.
This Hill Closed To Public Access Due To The Tornado Damage. 译文 由于飓风造成的破坏 此山不对公众开放
译文：The name of Tiger-Clawed Spring, the first spring in Hangzhou, is said to originate in 819 A.D. Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that an eminent monk named Xing Kong roamed around Tiger-Clawed Temple, but he planned to leave soon because there was no water. One night, he dreamed that an immortal told him that there was TongZi Spring (Scout Spring) in Hengshan Mountain and two mighty tigers were sent to move the spring to the temple. On the morning of the following day, Xing Kong found that two tigers came and clawed a hole in the spot where the spring immediately gushed forth. Hence, the spring was named Tiger-Clawed Spring.
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文本解读：
华中师范大学位于九省通衢的湖北省武汉市，坐落在武昌南湖之滨的桂子山上：华中师范大学的地理位置；
占地面积2000多亩：学校面积；
中国教育部直属重点综合性师范大学，国家“211工程”重点建设的大学，国家教师教育“985”优势学科创新平台建设高校，是国家培养中、高等学校师资和其他高级专门人才的重要基地：学校性质及介绍
翻译思路：
华中师范大学：huazhong normal university；
坐落在：located in ；
综合性师范大学：a key comprehensive normal university；
国家培养中、高等学校师资和其他高级专门人才的重要基地：the national cultures, institutions of higher learning the important base of teachers and other senior specialized personnel
译文文本：
The introduction of huazhong normal university Huazhong normal university is located in the thorough fares of nine provinces in wuhan city, hubei province, is located at the bank of the south lake in wuchang the laurel blossoms filled
the air. The mountain, covers an area of 2000 mu, is a key comprehensive normal university directly under the Chinese ministry of education, national "211 project" key construction university, national teacher education innovation platform construction of colleges and universities "985" advantage disciplines, is the national cultures, institutions of higher learning the important base of teachers and other senior specialized personnel.
林余波
学号：012301234107。