现在分词和过去分词
过去分词和现在分词的用法和形式

过去分词和现在分词的用法和形式过去分词和现在分词是英语中两种常见的非谓语动词形式。
它们在句子中具有多种用法和形式,能够表达不同的动作或状态。
在本文中,我们将探讨过去分词和现在分词的用法和形式。
一、过去分词的形式和用法过去分词是以-ed、-en或其他不规则的形式构成的。
它通常与助动词“have”或“had”连用,构成完成时态或过去完成时态。
过去分词也可以作为形容词来使用。
1. 完成时态当过去分词与助动词“have”或“had”连用时,构成了不同的完成时态。
例如:- We have visited Paris before.(我们以前去过巴黎。
)- She had finished her homework by the time I arrived.(我到达的时候,她已经完成了作业。
)2. 形容词过去分词可以作为形容词,修饰名词或代词。
例如:- The broken window needs to be fixed.(那个破窗户需要修理。
)- The lost key was found in the living room.(丢失的钥匙在客厅里找到了。
)二、现在分词的形式和用法现在分词是以-ing结尾的动词形式,常用于进行时态,或作为形容词和副词来使用。
1. 进行时态现在分词与“be”动词连用,构成了进行时态,表示正在进行的动作或状态。
例如:- He is studying for the exam.(他正在为考试复习。
)- They were playing basketball in the park.(他们在公园里打篮球。
)2. 形容词现在分词可以作为形容词,修饰名词或代词。
例如:- The running water is very clear.(流动的水非常清澈。
)- I saw a crying baby on the street.(我在街上看到一个哭泣的婴儿。
)3. 副词现在分词还可以作为副词,修饰动词或整个句子。
现在分词和过去分词的区别

现在分词和过去分词的区别:两种分词的区别很多,但它们之间的根本区别是:1.语态上不同:现在分词在语态上表示主动;而及物动词的过去分词表示被动。
2.时间关系上不同:现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行;过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各种句子成份中。
细述如下:一、分词作定语共同点:分词作定语时,如果分词只是一个单词,那么,该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前;如果是分词短语,那么,该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
不同点:分词作定语时,被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。
但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;而过去分词则表示被动关系,所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,句子后半部分是一个作定语、修饰noise 的分词短语;再根据句意“一阵闪电之后,接着就是一声巨响。
”可知,巨响应是主动,紧接在闪电之后的。
因此,该题应选________?2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be playing简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定语、修饰The Olympic Games 的后置分词短语;再根据The Olympic Games 对于动词play 来说只能是被动承受,且已完成(in 776 B. C.)。
现在分词和过去分词的区别

过去分词作表语
描述主语的状态或信仰,如 "I am convinced."
现在分词作状语
时间
Using Facebook every morning is his habit.
原因
Feeling bored, she passed the time by making pizza.
方式
The cowboy crossed the plain riding his horse.
过去分词作定语
被动语态
The lost ball was found behind the couch.
描述状态
The broken pencil cannot be used.
描述感受
The frightened deer ran away immediately.
过去分词作表语
1 描述状态
2 描述感受
3 描述事件结果
The flowers are wilted.
I was thrilled with the gift.
The job was done.
构成方式
1
现在分词
大多数动词加 -ing,但有一些变化,如双写结尾的词,或结尾为 -ie 的动词变为 -ying。
2
过去分词
大多数动词加 -ed 结尾,但是一些动词有它们自己的形式。也有其他表示过去的 形式,如- d 或 -t。
3
不规则动词
有些动词的现在分词和过去分词是相同的形式,如 cut 和 put。
用法区别
现在分词作定语
描述正在发生的动作,如 “the running man”。
现在分词作状语
描述一个动作发生的时间、原因、方式等, 如 "Walking slowly, he enjoyed the breeze."
过去分词与现在分词的区别

过去分词与现在分词的区别一、现在分词现在分词由动词加ing构成。
非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用,在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语。
(一)、现在分词的两个基本特点。
1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。
例如:a developing country. 一个发展中的国家,boiling water 沸水,rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。
(试比较:a developed country 一个发达国家,boiled water 白开水,risen sun 升起的太阳)2. 在语态上表示主动。
例如:the ruling class 统治阶级,the exploiting class 剥削阶级。
(试比较:the ruled class 被统治阶级,the exploited class 被剥削阶级)(二)、掌握现在分词的基本功能。
1. 现在分词作定语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。
也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征,此时可换成相应的定语从句。
例如:①There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.②He saw a flying bird and raised his bow.③I was satisfied with the exciting speech.2. 现在分词作状语时,可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。
此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
如:①The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.②European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.③Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful.3. 现在分词作补足语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。
现在分词,过去分词

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式。
现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:现在分词表示"主动和进行",过去分词表示"被动和完成"(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。
分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。
分词作定语不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行,过去分词强调完成;及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动,过去分词强调被动。
分词的完成式一般不作定语。
分词作其他成分时,也是如此。
分词作定语,单个的分词作定语一般前置;分词词组,个别分词如given, left等,修饰不定代词等的分词,作定语需后置。
例如:We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里This is the question given.这是所给的问题There is nothing interesting.没有有趣的东西分词作定语相当于定语从句,如Most of the people invited to the party were famou s scientists. = Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scien tists.分词作状语分词作状语,可以表示时间,原因,理由,条件,让步,连续等,相当于一个状语从句。
例如:Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于没有收到他的信,我给他打了个电话。
As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.Given more attention,the trees could have grown better. 多给些照顾,那些树会长得更好。
现在分词和过去分词

分词的作用:做定语 分词的作用:
2. 分词作定语时,逻辑主语是被修饰的词, 即中心词。具体说,中心词发出发出动作, 就用现在分词作定语;中心词承受分词动 作,就用过去分词作定语。 a crying baby an adopted child an interesting story some excited audience
非谓语动词2 非谓语动词2:分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词,现在 分词由动词加ing构成,规则动词过 分词由动词加ing构成,规则动词过 去分词由动词加ed构成。 去分词由动词加ed构成。
现在分词和过去分词的区别
1.现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动,如: 1.现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动,如: working people 劳动人民 unning water 流水 a criticized student 挨了批评的学生 the driving wheel 主动轮 the driven wheel 从动轮
分词做表语
1. 分词作表语时逻辑主语是句子的主语,注意这时的分 词相当于形容词,用来表示主语的特点或状况。 The exam result is satisfying, and the teacher is satisfied. My cup is broken. (杯子是烂的) The sunlight is burning, you’d better hold an umbrella. 2.分词作表语时需与谓语动词的进行时和被动句区分开 2.分词作表语时需与谓语动词的进行时和被动句区分开 来,谓语动词表动作,系表结构表特点或状态。试区别: 来,谓语动词表动作,系表结构表特点或状. This model plane was broken by my daughter yesterday.
现在分词和过去分词的区别

现在分词和过去分词的区别分词在英语中的运用比较广泛,学生对分词的运用感到非常棘手。
若要想准确无误地运用分词,首先要搞清楚其概念和在句中的作用。
一、概述:英语中的分词被称为非谓语动词,它具有形容词,副词和动词的性质,在句中作定语、状语、表语、补语。
分词有两种:现在分词(v-ing)和过去分词(v-ed)。
二、现在分词和过去分词的区别:两者之间的区别主要表现在“时间”和“语态”两个方面。
1、时间区别:(1)现在分词表示一个动作正在进行之中;过去分词表示一个动作已经完成。
例如:falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶(树叶正在飘落这一过程)fallen leaves 落叶(树叶已落在地上完成飘落这一过程)boiling water 沸水(正在沸腾的水)boiled water 开水(已经烧开的水,沸腾这一过程已结束)(2)若在句中则要看动作是正在进行还是已经完成,若正在进行则用现在分词,若已完成则用过去分词.例如:A、He found the town changing every day.他发现我们这座城镇每天都在变化。
B、He found the town greatly changed.他发现这座城镇大大地改观了。
上述两句中,A句表示正在变化,B句表示变化这一动作结束、完成。
2、语态区别:(1)现在分词表示主动的意思,所修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者,在语法上相当于主谓关系。
过去分词表示被动的意思,所修饰的人或物是分词动作的承受者,在语法上相当于动宾关系。
例如:①a moving film.一部感人的影片。
(影片内容感动)= a film moves people.(主谓关系)S V②the moved students. 受感动的学生们= the Ss are moved by ……(动宾→宾语被置于主语的位置,采用被动的语态)S V(2)若在句中,则要看与全句的主语或其逻辑主语之间的关系,是主动用现在分词,若为被动,则要用过去分词。
现在分词与过去分词的区别

现在分词与过去分词的区别:1,语态上不同:现在分词表主动,而及物动词的过去分词表被动.2,时间关系上不同:现在分词表正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经过去的动作.3,选用现在分词还是过去分词取决于分词所表示的动作与逻辑主语之间的时间关系.分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语.分词的形式:以vt:write和vi:go为例,1,现在分词:主动语态writing 被动语态being written 主动语态going2,过去分词: 只有一种形式 written gone现在分词和过去分词主要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上。
1)语态上不同:现在分词表示主动的意思,而过去分词多由及物动词变来,表示被动的意思。
试比较:surprising 使人感到惊讶的(主动)surprised 自己感到惊讶的(被动,即被惊讶的)an exciting story 一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)excited spectators 激动的观众(被动,即被引起激动的)a moving film 一部感动人的影片。
A moved audience 受感动的观众A tiring journey 累人的旅行A tired football player 累了的足球运动员He told us many interesting things last night.他昨夜告诉我们许多有趣的事情。
She is interested in astronomy. 她对天文学有兴趣。
也有一些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的,它们只表示一个动作已完成,没有被动的意味。
如:the risen sun 升起的太阳fallen leaves 落叶the exploded bomb 已爆炸了的炸弹a retired miner 退休矿工returned students 归国留学生2)时间关系上不同:一般说来,现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往已经完成。
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高二英语过去分词和现在分词专项练习I. 单项选择1. ____ the house on fire, he dialed 119.A. To seeB. SeeingC. Having seenD. Being seen2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth ____.A. fixB. fixingC. fixedD. to fix3. We’re ___ to listen to her ____ voice. It’s ___to hear her sing.A. pleased; pleasing; pleasureB. pleased; pleasant; a pleasureC. pleasing; pleased; a pleasureD. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure4. ___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps.A. Passed, buyingB. Passing, to buyC. Having passed, buyD. Pass, to buy5. ____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A. ComparingB. To compareC. ComparedD. Having compared6. Here are some new computer programs ____for home buildings.A. designingB. designC. designedD. to design7. ____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.A. To saveB. SavingC. SavedD. Having saved8. The teacher came into the classroom ____by his students. A. following B. to be followingC. followedD. having followed9. With the money ___, he couldn’t buy any ticket.A. to loseB. losingC. lostD. has lost10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself ____.A. being heardB. hearingC. heardD. hear1—5 BCBBC 6—10 CDCCC11. The result of the test was rather _____.A. disappointedB. disappointingC. being disappointedD. disappoint12. I’ve never heard the word ____in spoken English.A. useB. usedC. usingD. being used13. _____how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.A. Not to knowB. Not knowingC. Knowing notD. Not known14. Deeply __, I thanked her again and again.A. being movingB. movedC. movingD. to be moved15. With winter _____on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.A. cameB. comesC. comeD. coming16. ____the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.A. Having shownB. ShowingC. Has shownD. Having been shown17. He went from door to door, ____waste papers and magazines.A. gatheringB. gatheredC. gatherD. being gathered18. The student corrected his paper carefully, ____the professor’s suggestions.A. followB. followingC. followedD. being followed19. The ___price will save you one dollar for each dozen.A. reduceB. reducingC. reducedD. reduces20. People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.A. liveB. to liveC. livedD. living11—15BBBBD 16—20 DABCD 21. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn’t make his point ___.A. understandB. understandingC. to understandD. understood22. The scientists were waiting to see the problem ______.A. settleB. settledC. to settleD. settling23. The library’s study room is full of students _____for the exam.A. busily preparedB. busy preparingC. busily prepareD. are busily preparing24. The ground is _____with ____ leaves.A. covering, fallingB. covered, fallingC. covered, fallenD. covering, fallen25. Lessons ____easily were soon forgotten.A. to learnB. learnC. learnedD. learning26. The wallet ____several days ago was found ____in the dustbin outside the building。
A. stolen, hiddenB. stealing, hidingC. stealing, hiddenD. stolen, hiding27. A person _____a foreign language must be able to use theforeign language, ______all about his own.A. to learn, to forgetB. learning, to forgetC. to learn, forgettingD. learning, forgetting28. ___different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality.A. To produceB. Being producedC. ProducedD. Having produced29. The students in the university are all taking courses ___a degree.A. coming toB. going toC. leading toD. turning to30. Many things _____impossible in the past are very common today.A. considerB. consideringC. consideredD. be considered31. ___many times, he still couldn’t understand.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. He having been toldD. Telling32. The old sick lady entered the hospital, ____her two sons.A. to supportB. supportingC. supported byD. having supported33. China is one of the largest countries in the world, _____9. 6 million square kilometres.A. to coverB. coveredC. coversD. covering34. ____and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.A Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising35. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having addedB. to addC. addingD. added36. “Can you read?” Mary said ____to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing37. _____ the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room.A. WritingB. Having writtenC. WrittenD. Being written38. Were you ____when you saw that wild animal ?A. frightB. frighteningC. frightenedD. frighten39. Properly _____with numbers, the books can be easily found. A. marked B. markC. to markD. marking40. The child sat in the dentist’s chair ____.A. trembleB. tremblingC. trembledD. to trembled41. At this moment the bell rang, _____the end of class.A. announceB. announcingC. announcedD. to announce42. He walked down the hills,____softly to himself.A. singB. singingC. sungD. to sing43. I had to shout to make myself _____ above the noise.A. heardB. hearingC. hearD. to hear44. The graduating students are busy ___material for their reports.A. collectB. to collectC. collectedD. collecting45. The cars ____in Beijing are as good as those ____in Shanghai.A. produce, produceB. produced, producedC. produced, producingD. producing, producing46. When I came in, I saw Dr. Li _____a patient.A. examineB. examiningC. to examineD. examined47. ____a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly.A. Having been givenB. Having givenC. GivingD. Being given48. ____a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon.A. Having been givenB. Having givenC. GivingD. Being given49. He wrote a letter to me_____that his trip to Japan hadbeen put off because of the bad weather.A. informB. informingC. informedD. being informed50. He reads newspapers every day to keep himself ____about what’s going on in the world. A. inform B. informingC. informedD. being informedIII. 单项选择1.The prisoner(罪犯),____ the guard and run away, was caught the next days.A killedB killingC having killedD being killed by2. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless______ every day.(2007四川高考)A wateredB wateringC waterD to water3. He is a student at Oxford University,_____ for a degree in computer science.(2007北京高考卷)A studiedB studyingC to have studyD to be studying4.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,______ in the natural light during the day.A to letB lettingC letD having let5. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_____, he gladly accepted it.A finishedB finishingC having finishedD wasfinished.6. ____in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A Having lostB LostC Being lostD Losting7. Whether you believe it or not, it is _____ that cause you illness.A because of your overweightB you are so overweightC because you are overweihgtD your being overweight8. All flights______ because of the snowstorm, many passengerscould do nothing but take the train.A had been canceledB have been canceledC having been canceledD being canceled9. _____ the old houses, they builta beautiful garden in that area.A Pulled downB Having pulled downC Pulling downD To pull down10 Thousands of people have been moving to Shenzhen since 1992,its population_____ to over 10,000,000.A increasingB increasedC has increasedD has been increased11. Studies show the electronic devices people have made useof______ music maybe causing hearing loss in many people.A enjoyB to enjoyC enjoyingD enjoyed12.______, the vitamin C in them will be destoryed.A Vegetable cooked too longB Cooked too longC Cooking too longD Vegetables cooking too long13. The schoolboys and schoolgirls are walking along the street,_______ a small red cap.A each of them hasB they each haveC every wearsD each wearings.14. Taiwan-borned filmmaker Ang Lee won the best director Oscar at the 78 Academy Awards,____ the highest honor in American moviefields.A to considerB consideringC considerD considered15.______ the public shcools with the private school, the guide book gives us a clear idea aobut the differences between them.A Having comparedB consideredC To compareD To be compared.【试题答案】I. 1—5 BCBBC 6—10 CDCCC11—15BBBBD 16—20 DABCD 21—25DBBCC 26—30 ACDCC 31—35ACDBC 36—40ABCAB 41—45BBADB 46—50BABBCIII. CABBA BDCBA CADDA。