徐州师范大学试卷
2012年徐州师范大学汉语国际教育硕士(汉语国际教育基础)真题试卷精选
2012年徐州师范大学汉语国际教育硕士（汉语国际教育基础）真题试卷精选(总分：148.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、中外文化及跨文化交际基础知识(总题数：45，分数：84.00)1.填空题__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.一个人对另一个说话时，至少涉及三种意义，即字面意义、说话者意图和 1。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：听话人理解的意义）解析：3.中国原始宗教是 1，即物物是神，处处有神。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：图腾崇拜）解析：4.一般认为文化是个复杂综合体，包括物质、行为、 1和观念等四个方面。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：制度）解析：5. 1是理所当然的家庭教育的鼻祖。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：孔子）解析：6.《 1》的问世，标志着中国古代散文的形成。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：尚书）解析：7.伊斯兰教的经典著作是 1。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：古兰经）解析：8.中国思想史上，把法、术、势思想有机结合起来，成为法家集大成人物是（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：韩非）解析：9.京剧中，表示刚正稳健人物性格的脸谱颜色是 1。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：红色）解析：10.佛教的创始人是 1。
2020年徐州师范大学科文学院招聘辅导员试题及答案
2020年徐州师范大学科文学院招聘辅导员试题及答案注意事项1、请用钢笔、圆珠笔或签字在答题卡相应位置填写姓名、准考证号，并用2B铅笔在答题卡指定位置填涂准考证号。
2、本试卷均为选择题，请用2B铅笔在答题卡上作答，在题本上作答一律无效。
一、单项选择题（在下列每题四个选项中只有一个是最符合题意的，将其选出并把它的标号写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均不得分。
）1、教育发展水平的最终决定性因素是（）。
A、政治制度B、生产关系C、经济基础D、生产力【答案】D2、儿童一进商场就被漂亮的玩具吸引，儿童在这一刻出现的心理现象是（）。
A、注意B、想像C、需要D、思维【答案】A3、儿童不受窗外其他孩子玩耍的笑声吸引，努力控制自己，专心做功课，这是（）。
A、有意注意B、无意注意C、有意注意和无意注意两者均有D、选择性注意【答案】A4、教学技能的学习包括（）。
A、言语表达能力B、言语表达能力、教师课堂驾驭能力、教师的教学准备能力、“三笔字”的书写能力C、言语表达能力、教师课堂驾驭能力D、言语表达能力、教师课堂驾驭能力【答案】B5、班级授课制是目前世界上普遍采用的（）。
A、教学过程B、教学手段C、教学方法D、教学组织形式【答案】D6、由于对学习活动的社会意义或个人前途等原因引发的学习动机称作（）。
A、远景的间接性动机B、社会性动机C、直接性动机D、志向性动机【答案】A7、在康德看来，标志人类从自然状态向社会状态转变的是（）。
A、教育B、文化C、国家的建立D、学校的出现【答案】B8、从教育学的角度来研究，师生关系主要是一种（）。
A、影响与被影响的关系B、教育与被教育的关系C、主体与客体的关系D、权利与义务的关系【答案】A9、教育者创设一定的情境以提升教育对象的智慧水平为目标的教育为（）。
A、德育B、智育C、美育D、体育【答案】B10、在学校经常出现的报告和讲座，各种集会和比赛以及公益活动，这些课外活动属于（）。
A、群众性活动B、小组活动C、个别活动D、科技活动【答案】A11、为完满生活做准备的教育目的是（）提出的。
2015年江苏师范大学教育硕士考研【333教育综合】考研历年真题试题(2010-2013)徐州师范大学
2015年江苏师范大学教育硕士考研【333教育综合】考研历年真题试题目录2010年徐州师大教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (2)2011年徐州师大教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (3)2012年徐州师大教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (4)2013年江苏师大教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (5)一、名词解释（5 x 6 = 30）1、教育学2、教育评价3、有教无类4、学在官府5、骑士教育6、加德纳的多元智力理论二、简答题（10 x 4 = 40）1、简述班级上课制的优势与局限。
2、简析《学记》中“道而弗牵，强而弗抑，开而弗达”思想。
3、简述孔子学思结合的教育思想。
4、简述建构主义学习理论的基本观点。
三、论述题（20 x 4 = 80）1、怎样认识义务教育的先导性、全局性、基础性地位。
2、分析间接经验与直接经验的关系。
3、论述杜威的教育本质观。
4、学生品德不良的成因分析及矫正策略。
一、名词解释（5×6=30）1、教育制度2、教育策略3、学记4、中学为体，西学为用5、苏格拉底教学法6、洛克的“绅士教育”二、简答题（10×4=40）1、简析教育是一种社会现象。
2、简析荀况的教师观。
3、简述科举考试制度对学校教育的影响。
4、简述人本主义学习理论的基本观点。
三、论述题（20×4=80）1、试论教学过程的性质。
2、联系实际，分析教育影响的一致性和连贯性原则的意义及实施要求。
3、试论终身教育思想及其对当今学习型社会建设的意义。
4、影响创造力发展的主要因素分析与开发培养策略设计。
科目代码：333 科目名称：教育综合满分：150分注意：①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸需随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！一、名词解释（5 x 6 = 30）7、性相近，习相远8、认知策略9、陶行知教学做合一10、德育原则11、社会建构主义12、学校管理二、简答题（10 x 4 = 40）1、简析王守仁的德育原则2、简析斯宾塞的“教育科学化”理论3、简析蔡元培的“教育独立”思想4、忘了四、论述题（20 x 4 = 80）5、试论述知识的价值。
2012年徐州师范大学汉语国际教育硕士(汉语国际教育基础)真题试卷精选.doc
2012年徐州师范大学汉语国际教育硕士（汉语国际教育基础）真题试卷精选(总分：148.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、中外文化及跨文化交际基础知识(总题数：45，分数：84.00)1.填空题__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.一个人对另一个说话时，至少涉及三种意义，即字面意义、说话者意图和 1。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.中国原始宗教是 1，即物物是神，处处有神。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________4.一般认为文化是个复杂综合体，包括物质、行为、 1和观念等四个方面。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5. 1是理所当然的家庭教育的鼻祖。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________6.《 1》的问世，标志着中国古代散文的形成。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7.伊斯兰教的经典著作是 1。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8.中国思想史上，把法、术、势思想有机结合起来，成为法家集大成人物是（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________9.京剧中，表示刚正稳健人物性格的脸谱颜色是 1。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10.佛教的创始人是 1。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.在中国，举行观灯、舞龙、耍狮等习俗活动的传统节目是 1。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12.中国古代著名的水利工程都江堰建于 1。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.与汉族早期长篇史诗不发达的情况不同，中国少数民族中往往流传着反映其早期历史的长诗，《格萨尔》就是 1族的著名史诗。
徐州师范大学08级教育硕士英语试卷(二)
徐州师范大学08级教育硕士英语试卷（二）Part I Reading Comprehension 30%Directions: There are 4passages in this part. Each passage is followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage One (Women’s Positions in the 17th Century)Social circumstances in Early Modern England mostly served to repress women’s voices. Patriarchal culture and institutions constructed them as chaste, silent, obedient, and subordinate. At the beginning of the 17th century, the ideology of patriarchy, political absolutism, and gender hierarchy were reaffirmed powerfully by King James in The Trew Law of Free Monarchie and the Basilikon Doron; by that ideology the absolute power of God the supreme patriarch was seen to be imaged in the absolute monarch of the state and in the husband and father of a family. Accordingly, a woman’s subjection, first to her father and then to her husband, imaged the subjection of English people to their monarch, and of all Christians to God. Also, the period saw an outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynist sermons, tracts, and plays, detailing women’s physical and mental defects, spiritual evils, rebelliousness, shrewish ness, and natural inferiority to men.Yet some social and cultural conditions served to empower women. During the Elizabethan era (1558—1603) the culture was dominated by a powerful Queen, who provided an impressive female example though she left scant cultural space for other women. Elizabethan women writers began to produce original texts but were occupied chiefly with translation. In the 17th century, however, various circumstances enabled women to write original texts in some numbers. For one thing, some counterweight to patriarchy was provided by female communities—mothers and daughters, extended kinship networks, close female friends, the separate court of Queen Anne (King James’ consort) and her often oppositional masques and political activities. For another, most of these women had a reasonably good education (modern languages, history, literature, religion, music, occasionally Latin) and some apparently found in romances and histories more expansive terms for imagining women’s lives. Also, representation of vigorous and rebellious female characters in literature and especially on the stage no doubt helped to undermine any monolithic social construct of women’s mature and role.Most important, perhaps, was the radical potential inherent in the Protestant insistence on every Christian’s im mediate relationship with God and primary responsibility to follow his or her individual conscience. There is plenty of support in St Paul’s epistles and elsewhere in the Bible for patriarchy and a wife’s subjection to her husband, but some texts (notably Galatians 3:28) inscribe a very different politics, promoting women’s spiritual equality: “There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Jesus Christ.” Such texts encouraged some wom en to claim the support of God the supreme patriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand toward them in his stead.There is also the gap or slippage between ideology and common experience. English women throughout the 17th century exercised a good deal of accrual power: as managers of estates in their husbands’ absences at court or on military and diplomatic missions; as members of guilds; as wives and mothers who apex during the English Civil War and Interregnum (1640-60) as theexecution of the King and the attendant disruption of social hierarchies led many women to seize new roles—as preachers, as prophetesses, as deputies for exiled royalist husbands, as writers of religious and political tracts.1.What is the best title for this passage?[A]. Women’s Position in the 17th Century.[B]. Women’s Subjection to Patriarchy.[C]. Social Circumstances in the 17th Century.[D]. Women’s objection in the 17th Century.2.What did the Queen Elizabeth do for the women in culture?[A]. She set an impressive female example to follow.[B]. She dominated the culture.[C]. She did little.[D]. She allowed women to translate something.3.Which of the following is Not mention as a reason to enable women to original texts?[A].Female communities provided some counterweight to patriarchy.[B]. Queen Anne’s political activities.[C]. Most women had a good education.[D]. Queen Elizabeth’s political activities.4.What did the religion so for the women?[A]. It did nothing.[B]. It too asked women to be obedient except some texts.[C]. It supported women.[D]. It appealed to the God.Passage Two (The Present Is the Most Important)Shams and delusions are esteemed for soundest truths, while reality is fabulous. If men would steadily observe realities only, and not allow themselves to be deluded, life, to compare it with such things as we know, would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments. If we respected only what is inevitable and has a right to be , music and poetry would resound along the streets. When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence, --that petty fears and petty pleasure are but the shadow of reality. This is always exhilarating and sublime. By closing the eyes and slumbering, by consenting to be deceived by shows, men establish and confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere, which still is built on purely illusory foundation. Children, who play life, discern its true law and relations more clearly than men, who fail to live worthily, but who think that they are wiser by experience, that is, by failure. I have read in a Hindoo book, that “there was a king’s son, who, being expelled in infancy from his native city, was brought up by a forester, and, growing up to maturity in that state, imagined himself to belong to the barbarous race with which be lived. One of his father’s ministers having discovered him, revealed to him what he was, and the misconception of his character was removed, and he knew himself to be a prince. So soul, from the circumstances in which it is placed, mistakes its own character, until the truth is revealed to it by some holy teacher, and then it knows itself to be Brahme.” We think that that is which appears to be. If a man should give us an account of the realities he beheld, we should not recognize theplace in his description. Look at a meeting-house, or a court-house, or a jail, or a shop. Or a dwelling-house, and say what that thing really is before a true gaze, and they would all go to pieces in your account of them. Men esteem truth remote, in the outskirts of the system, behind the farthest star, before Adam and after the last man. In eternity there is indeed something true and sublime. But all these times and places and occasions are now and here. God himself culminates in the present moment, and will never be more divine in the lapse of all ages. And we are enabled to apprehend at all what is sublime and noble only by the perpetual instilling and drenching of the reality that surrounds us. The universe constantly and obediently answers to our conceptions; whether we travel fast or slow, the track is laid for us. Let us spend our lives in conceiving then. The poet or the artist never yet had as fair and noble a design but some of his posterity at least could accomplish it.5. The writer’s attitude toward the arts is one of[A]. admiration. [B]. indifference. [C]. suspicion. [D]. repulsion6. The author believes that a child.[A]. should practice what the Hindoos preach.[B]. frequently faces vital problems better than grownups do.[C]. hardly ever knows his true origin.[D]. is incapable of appreciating the arts.7. The author is primarily concerned with urging the reader to[A]. look to the future for enlightenment. [B]. appraise the present for its true value.[C]. honor the wisdom of the past ages. [D]. spend more time in leisure activities.8. The passage is primarily concerned with problem of[A]. history and economics. [B]. society and population.[C]. biology and physics. [D]. theology and philosophy.Passage Three (Forecasting of Statistics)Nearly two thousand years have passed since a census decreed by Caesar Augustus become part of the greatest story ever told. Many things have changed in the intervening years. The hotel industry worries more about overbuilding than overcrowding, and if they had to meet an unexpected influx, few inns would have a manager to accommodate the weary guests. Now it is the census taker that does the traveling in the fond hope that a highly mobile population will stay long enough to get a good sampling. Methods of gathering, recording, and evaluating information have presumably been improved a great deal. And where then it was the modest purpose of Rome to obtain a simple head count as an adequate basis for levying taxes, now batteries of complicated statistical series furnished by governmental agencies and private organizations are eagerly scanned and interpreted by sages and seers to get a clue to future events. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out, and as regards our more immediate concern, the reliability of present day economic forecasting, there are considerable differences of opinion. They were aired at the celebration of the 125th anniversary of the American Statistical Association. There was the thought that business forecasting might well be on its way from an art to a science, and some speakers talked about newfangled computers and highfalutin mathematical system in terms of excitement and endearment which we, at least in our younger years when these things mattered, would have associated more readily with the description of a fair maiden. But others pointed to thedeplorable record of highly esteemed forecasts and forecasters with a batting average below that of the Mets, and the President-elect of the Association cautioned that “high powered statistical methods are usually in order where the facts are crude and inadequate, the exact contrary of what crude and inadequate statisticians assume.” We left his birthday party somewhere between hope and despair and with the conviction, not really newly acquired, that proper statistical methods applied to ascertainable facts have their merits in economic forecasting as long as neither forecaster nor public is deluded into mistaking the delineation of probabilities and trends for a prediction of certainties of mathematical exactitude.9. Taxation in Roman days apparently was based on[A]. wealth. [B]. mobility. [C]. population. [D]. census takers.10. The American Statistical Association[A]. is converting statistical study from an art to a science.[B]. has an excellent record in business forecasting.[C]. is neither hopeful nor pessimistic.[D]. speaks with mathematical exactitude.11. The message the author wishes the reader to get is[A]. statisticians have not advanced since the days of the Roman.[B]. statistics is not as yet a science.[C]. statisticians love their machine.[D].computer is hopeful.12. The “greatest story ever told” referred to in the pas sage is the story of[A]. Christmas. [B]. The Mets.[C]. Moses. [D]. Roman Census Takers.Passage Four (Wakefield Master’s Realism)Moreover, insofar as any interpretation of its author can be made from the five or six plays attributed to him, the Wake field Master is uniformly considered to be a man of sharp contemporary observation. He was, formally, perhaps clerically educated, as his Latin and music, his Biblical and patristic lore indicate. He is, still, celebrated mainly for his quick sympathy for the oppressed and forgotten man, his sharp eye for character, a ready ear for colloquial vernacular turns of speech and a humor alternately rude and boisterous, coarse and happy. Hence despite his conscious artistry as manifest in his feeling for intricate metrical and stanza forms, he is looked upon as a kind of medieval Steinbeck, indignantly angry at, uncompromisingly and even brutally realistic in presenting the plight of the agricultural poor.Thus taking the play and the author together, it is mow fairly conventional to regard the former as a kind of ultimate point in the secularization of the medieval drama. Hence much emphasis on it as depicting realistically humble manners and pastoral life in the bleak hills of the West Riding of Yorkshire on a typically cold bight of December 24th. After what are often regarded as almost “documentaries” given in the three successive monologues of the three shepherds, critics go on to affirm that the realism is then intensified into a burlesque mock-treatment of the Nativity. Finally as a sort of epilogue or after-thought in deference to the Biblical origins of the materials, the play slides back into an atavistic mood of early innocent reverence. Actually, as we shall see, the final scene is not only the culminating s cene but perhaps the raison d’etre of introductory “realism.”There is much on the surface of the present play to support the conventional view of its mood ofsecular realism. All the same, the “realism” of the Wakefield Master is of a paradoxical turn. Hi s wide knowledge of people, as well as books indicates no cloistered contemplative but one in close relation to his times. Still, that life was after all a predominantly religious one, a time which never neglected the belief that man was a rebellious and sinful creature in need of redemption, So deeply (one can hardly say “naively” of so sophisticated a writer) and implicitly religious is the Master that he is less able (or less willing) to present actual history realistically than is the author of the Brom e “Abraham and Isaac”. His historical sense is even less realistic than that of Chaucer who just a few years before had done for his own time costume romances, such as The Knight’s Tale, Troilus and Cressida, etc. Moreover Chaucer had the excuse of highly romantic materials for taking liberties with history.13.Which of the following statements about the Wakefield Master is NOT True?[A]. He was Chaucer’s contemporary.[B]. He is remembered as the author of five or six realistic plays.[C]. He write like John Steinbeck.[D]. HE was an accomplished artist.14.By “patristic”, the author means[A]. realistic. [B]. patriotic[C]. superstitious. [C]. pertaining to the Christian Fathers.15.The statement about the “secularization of the medieval drama” refers to the[A]. introduction of mundane matters in religious plays.[B]. presentation of erudite material.[C]. use of contemporary introduction of religious themes in the early days.16.In subsequent paragraphs, we may expect the writer of this passage to[A]. justify his comparison with Steinbeck.[B]. present a point of view which attack the thought of the second paragraph.[C]. point out the anachronisms in the play.[D]. discuss the works of Chaucer.Passage Five (The Continuity of the Religious Struggle in Britain)Though England was on the whole prosperous and hopeful, though by comparison with her neighbors she enjoyed internal peace, she could not evade the fact that the world of which she formed a part was torn by hatred and strife as fierce as any in human history. Men were still for from recognizing that two religions could exist side by side in the same society; they believed that the toleration of another religion different from their own. And hence necessarily false, must inevitably destroy such a society and bring the souls of all its members into danger of hell. So the struggle went on with increasing fury within each nation to impose a single creed upon every subject, and within the general society of Christendom to impose it upon every nation. In England the Reformers, or Protestants, aided by the power of the Crown, had at this stage triumphed, but over Europe as a whole Rome was beginning to recover some of the ground it had lost after Martin Luther’s revolt in the earlier part of the century. It did this in two ways, by the activities of its missionaries, as in parts of Germany, or by the military might of the Catholic Powers, as in the Low Countries, where the Dutch provinces were sometimes near their last extremity under the pressure of Spanish arms. Against England, the most important of all the Protestant nations to reconquer, military might was not yet possible because the Catholic Powers were too occupiedand divided: and so, in the 1570’s Rome bent her efforts, as she had done a thousand years before in the days of Saint Augustine, to win England back by means of her missionaries.These were young Englishmen who had either never given up the old faith, or having done so, had returned to it and felt called to become priests. There being, of course, no Catholic seminaries left in England, they went abroad, at first quite easily, later with difficulty and danger, to study in the English colleges at Douai or Rome: the former established for the training of ordinary or secular clergy, the other for the member of the Society of Jesus, commonly known as Jesuits, a new Order established by St, Ignatius Loyola same thirty years before. The seculars came first; they achieved a success which even the most eager could hardly have expected. Cool-minded and well-informed men, like Cecil, had long surmised that the conversion of the English people to Protestantism was for from complete; many—Cecil thought even the majority—had conformed out of fear,self-interest or—possibly the commonest reason of all—sheer bewilderment at the rapid changes in doctrine and forms of worship imposed on them in so short a time. Thus it happened that the missionaries found a welcome, not only with the families who had secretly offered them hospitality if they came, but with many others whom their first hosts invited to meet them or passed them on to. They would land at the ports in disguise, as merchants, courtiers or what not, professing some plausible business in the country, and make by devious may for their first house of refuge. There they would administer the Sacraments and preach to the house holds and to such of the neighbors as their hosts trusted and presently go on to some other locality to which they were directed or from which they received a call.17. The main idea of this passage is[A]. The continuity of the religious struggle in Britain in new ways.[B]. The conversion of religion in Britain.[C]. The victory of the New religion in Britain.[D]. England became prosperous.18. What was Martin Luther’s religions?[A]. Buddhism. [B]. Protestantism. [C]. Catholicism. [D]. Orthodox.19. Through what way did the Rome recover some of the lost land?[A]. Civil and military ways. [B]. Propaganda and attack.[C]. Persuasion and criticism. [D]. Religious and military ways.20. What did the second paragraph mainly describe?[A]. The activities of missionaries in Britain.[B]. The conversion of English people to Protestantism was far from complete.[C]. The young in Britain began to convert to Catholicism[D]. Most families offered hospitality to missionaries.Part II Cloze 10%Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). you should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words 1 which we become acquainted indaily conversation, which we 2,that is to say, from the 3 of our own family and from our familiar associates, and 4 we should know and use 5 we could not read or write. They 6 the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who 7 the language. Such words may be called "popular", since they belong to the people 8 and are not the exclusive 9 of a limited class. On the other hand, our language 10 a multitude of words which are comparatively 11 used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little 12 to use them at home or in the market-place. Our 13 acquaintance with them comes not from our mother's 14 or from the talk of our school-mates, 15 from books that we read, lectures that we 16, or the more 17 conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular 18 in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual 19 of everyday life. Such words are called "learned", and the 20 between them and the "popular" words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.1. [A] at[B] with[C] by[D] through2. [A] study[B] imitate[C] stimulate [D] learn3. [A] mates [B] relatives [C] members [D] fellows4. [A] which[B] that [C] those [D] ones5. [A] even [B] despite [C] even if [D] in spite of6. [A] mind [B] concern [C] care [D] involve7. [A] hire [B] apply [C] adopt [D] use8. [A] in public [B] at most [C] at large [D] at best9. [A] right [B] privilege [C] share [D] possession10. [A] consists [B] comprises [C] constitutes [D] composes11. [A] seldom [B] much [C] never [D] often12. [A] prospect [B] way [C] reason [D] necessity13. [A] primary [B] first [C] principal [D] prior14. [A] tips [B] mouth [C] lips [D] tongue15. [A] besides [B] and [C] or [D] but16. [A] hear of [B] attend [C] hear from [D] listen17. [A] former [B] formula [C] formal [D] formative18. [A] theme [B] topic [C] idea [D] point19. [A] border [B] link [C] degree [D] extent20. [A] diversion [B] distinction [C] diversity [D] similarityPart III Translation 15%Read the following passage and put the underlined sentences into Chinese.In less than 30 years' time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain's nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.(1) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. (2) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT's futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.(3) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. "By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck," he says. (4) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: "It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century."Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. but he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. (5)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder——kitchen rage.Part IV Vocabulary and Structure 25%1. This is a most peculiar letter. What do you ______ of it?A. gatherB. makeC. getD. feel2. Now that we've identified the problem, we must decide on an appropriate course of __A. actionB. progressC. solutionD. development3. Since the couple couldn't ______ their di ff erences, they decided to get a divorce.A. reconcileB. identifyC. adjustD. coincide4. We attended a _____ of the new manufacturing process.A. demonstrationB. displayC. showingD. manifestation5. How many people do you think his car would ______?A. occupyB. holdC. fitD. load6. It never ______ my mind that he might refuse the reque s t.A. passedB. filledC. crossedD. occurred7. People become less ______ to new ideas as they grow older.A. receptiveB. availableC. attentiveD. attractive8. Is he really ______ to judge a brass band contest?A. competentB. skillfulC. capableD. ef fi cient9. The new airport will be ______ from a l l directions.A. availableB. accessibleC. obtainableD. achievable10. The team's recent wins have now ______ them for the semi-finals.A. f i ttedB. promotedC. qualifiedD. selected11. For parents, one of the problems •by rising prices is the continual demand for morepocket money.A. givenB. posedC. providedD. forced12. The police managed to ______ down the owner of the car.A. traceB. trackC. searchD. pursue13. The party's reduced vote was ______ of lack of support for its policies.A. indicativeB. confirmingC. revealingD. evident14. The football match was televised _____ from the Workers' Stadium.A. aliveB. lifeC. liveD. lively15. Having considered the problem for a while she thought better ______ her first solution.A. toB. thanC. fromD. of16. If that idea was wrong, the project is bound to fail, ______ good all the other ideas might be.A. whateverB. thoughC. whatsoeverD. however17. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, _____ to the body.A.the greater the stressB. the stress is greaterC.greater the stress isD. greater is the stress18. That's your sister, ._____?A. i s n't it?B. isn't that?C. isn't she?D. aren't you?19. It's high time we ______ a re s t.A. haveB. hadC. are havingD. should have20. If you ______, you'd better go outside in the fresh air.A.faintB. have faintedC. are going to faintD. will faint21. I don't know _____.A.why do thisB. why to do thisC. why doing thisD. why we ought to do this22. The man over there is ______ our principal.A.no other butB. no other thanC. no one thanD. none other than23. No one can walk the wire without a bit of fear unless ______ very young.A. having been trainedB. trainedC. to be trainedD. being trained24. —When can we come to visit you? —Any time you feel _____.A. for itB. to itC.l ike itD. so25. His honesty is ______: nobody can doubt it.A.in questionB. out of the questionC. beside the questionD. without questionPart V Writing 20%Directions: Now our government has made it a policy to develop the West. To this policy there appear different responses. Write an essay on the topic and consider the advantages and disadvantages of going to the West. Your essay should be written in about 200 words.。
徐州师范大学专升本2021级普通心理学样卷一及参考答案
徐州师范大学专升本2021级普通心理学样卷一及参考答案徐州师范大学专升本2021级普通心理学样卷一(考试形式:闭卷考试时间:120分钟)专业姓名学号成绩一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1.科学心理学诞生于（b）。
a．1864年b．1879年c．1903年d．1920年2.灵长类动物的心理发展达至了（c）。
a.感觉阶段b.知觉阶段c.思维萌芽阶段d.思维阶段3.即使维持高度集中的特别注意也可以出现感觉强度忽强忽弱周期性变化的现象叫做（a）。
a.注意的起伏b.注意的分配c.注意的分散d.分心4.部分色盲最常见的是（d）。
a.蓝绿色盲b.红蓝色盲c.红黄色盲d.红绿色盲5.看见白、橙、黄色并使人产生温暖的感觉的现象叫做（d）。
a．感觉对照b．感觉后象c．感觉适应环境d．联觉6.神经系统可以分成（b）。
a.躯体神经系统和植物性神经系统b.中枢神经系统和周围神经系统c.大脑和外周神经系统d.脊髓和大脑7.容量最大的记忆系统是（d）。
a.感觉记忆b.瞬时记忆c.短时记忆d.短时记忆8.后自学的材料对维持和回忆起先学习材料的阻碍促进作用叫做（b）。
a.前本报讯遏制b.倒摄抑制c.正搬迁d.负搬迁9.心理学实验证明动机强度与解决问题的效率有密切关系，解决问题效率最佳时的动机强度应是（b）。
a．最强大b．较差c．相对较低d．极强10.沙赫特认为，情绪是多种因素共同作用的结果，其中起决定作用的因素是（d）。
a.外界环境提振b.机体生理变化c.中枢神经系统的活动d.心智过程二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分后，共10分后）11.感觉充分反映的就是（ac）。
a．客观事物的个别属性b．客观事物的整体c．直接作用于感觉器官的事物d．过去作用于感官的事物12.内部感觉包含（abcd）。
a.运动觉b.平衡觉c.内脏感觉d.机体觉13.按情绪发生的强度和持续时间，可把情绪状态分为（acd）。
a．心境b．情操c．激情d.应激14.Geaune思维的特点就是（acd）。
徐州师范大学古代文学考研试题
徐师大古代文学考研试题名词解释
风雅颂
《昭明文选》
《世说新语》
唐宋八大家
带过曲
腰斩水浒
简答题
庄子散文艺术特色
赋体文学的发展过程
盛唐边塞诗的艺术成就
元杂剧体制的特点
桐城派文学理论的发展
古代文言小说的发展流变
论述题
《史记》人物传记的成就
苏辛词的异同
选取中国古代戏曲中一位女性形象结合作品分析
选取古代一部白话文小说，对其思想内容和艺术成就分析
雅俗之争
短论写作
1、选取现当代文学作品中一位典型人物形象，对其
典审美性格进行分析，字数不少于1500字。
2、结合作品，谈谈古代诗歌“情景交融”。
（可以用唐诗、宋词，或婉约词、山水诗，或杜甫、王士祯这些体裁、派别、人物的具体作品为立论的中心。
字数不少于2000字。
机械制图试题与答案解析
徐州师范大学考试试卷(1) 答案机械系机电一体化专业画法几何及机械制图课程班级 姓名 学号 得分题号 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 总分 得分 阅卷人一、 已知点A 距H 面为12，距V 面为15，距W 面为10，点B 在点A 的左方5，后方10，上方8，试作A 、B 两点的三面投影。
XZY Y WOaaabbb二、作平面四边形ABCD 的投影。
三、完成下列各形体的投影。
1． 2．四、根据给出的视图，补画第三视图（或视图所缺的图线）。
1．2．五、在指定位置将主视图画成全剖视图。
六、在指定位置将主视图画成剖视图。
八、已知两平板齿轮啮合，m1=m2=4mm，z1=20，z2=35，分别计算其齿顶圆、分度圆、齿根圆直径，并画出其啮合图（比例1：2）。
九、读零件图，并回答问题。
1．该零件采用了哪些视图、剖视图和剖面图？2．指出该零件在长、宽、高三个方向的主要尺寸基准。
，是螺纹（内、外），又是，H是，答案：1．该零件采用了哪些视图、剖视图和剖面图？说明数量和名称。
该零件采用主视图、俯视图和左视图三个视图，其中，主视图是全剖视图，左视图是局部剖视图，俯视图为半剖视图。
2．指出该零件在长、宽、高三个方向的主要尺寸基准。
高方向基准是零件的底面，长度方向基准是零件上Φ42孔的左端面，宽度基准是宽度方向的对称线。
3．图中G1/2"表示：非螺纹密封的管螺纹，1/2"表示公称直径，是内螺纹是基本尺寸，是公差带代号，其中，H是基本偏差代号，是公差等级。
5．说明符号的含义。
前者表示用去除材料的方法获得的表面粗糙度，6.3徐州师范大学考试试卷(1)机械工程系机电一体化专业画法几何及机械制图课程班级姓名学号得分，上方8，试作A、B两点的三面投影。
(10分)二、作平面四边形ABCD的投影。
(10分)三、完成下列各形体的投影。
(12分，每题6分)1． 2．四、根据给出的视图，补画第三视图（或视图所缺的图线）。
徐州师范大学2015级新生《学生手册》6p
相关知识测试试卷
学院班级姓名学号
一、填空题（60分，每空1分）：
1.徐州师范大学的校园精神是、；校训是、。
2.徐州师范大学于年建校。
3.请假缺席次数达到某门课程一学期上课时间分之一，或缺交作业达到某门课程一学期作业量的分之一，不得参加本次课程考核，应该重修。
4.学生在校最长年限（含休学）为年，休学时间最长不超过年。
7.被开除学籍的学生，其缴纳的学费、住宿费可以退还。（）
8.凡未办理选课手续而自行听课的学生，不得参加该门课程的考核。（）
9.在校期间因违反校规校纪受记过及以上处分毕业前未能解除处分者，可以授予学位。（）
10.一学期内因病、事假请假时间累积超过学期总学时三分之一者，应予以休学。（）
11.学生违纪率在5%以上的班级为“不达标班级”。（）
12.校级三好学生、优秀学生干部的评选比例分别为学生数的10%和5%。（）
13.优秀学生奖学金获得者其综合素质测评、智育成绩均应在班级前60%。籍至退役后一年。（）
15.聚众斗殴、持械打人、招引校外人员打架、到校外打架、跨校区打架的，给予留校察看或开除学籍处分。（）
22.、、三种情形的学生综合素质测评定为不合格。
23.受通报批评再违规者，给予处分。
24.学生受开除学籍处分先办理手续，违纪事实发生(多久)后可以提出返校试读申请。
二、判断题（20分，每题1分，正确的打“√”，错误的打“╳”）：
1.所在宿舍为不达标宿舍者或受违规登记者，降低一个优秀学生奖学金获奖等级。（）
16.发现本人考试桌面有与考试相关的文字或公式、桌洞内有与考试相关的材料而未向监考老师报告的，给予严重警告处分。（）
17.替考或由他人冒名代替参加考试的，给予留校察看处分。（）
徐州师范大学试卷 广告文案(A)(06广告)
徐州师范大学信息传播学院《广告文案写作》期末试卷（A卷）（2008-2009学年度第一学期）考生班级学号姓名得分一、简答题（每题4分，共20分）1、广告语有哪些特点？2、在广告正文的写作中，其持续兴趣性的特点包括哪些具体因素？3、根据广播广告文案的特点，谈谈在广播广告文案创作中应注意的问题或运用的技巧。
4、写作报纸广告标题应注意那些问题？5、在写作化妆品广告文案时，常用的诉求点有哪些？二、案例分析题（每题5分，共20分）1、下面是广告大师威廉•伯恩巴克为奥尔巴克百货公司撰写的著名的文案标题，请你具体分析一下此标题的写作技巧和语言艺术。
慷慨的以旧换新带来你的太太只要几块钱……我们将给你一位新的女人2、一豆腐干厂家为其产品“老爸”牌豆腐干征求广告语，他们先请了八位广告专家拟写了八条广告语，然后在《新民晚报》上刊出，让读者对这八条广告语投票。
你会投哪一条广告语的赞成票呢？简要谈谈你赞成的理由，其他七条你不赞成的广告语，有什么不足呢？请你逐条简洁点评一下。
（1）吃了“老爸”，不想老爸。
（2）OK老爸，我的新爸。
（3）豆腐干要吃老爸做的。
(4) “老爸”与我一起休闲.(5)“老爸”的手艺, 难忘的口味. (6) 走遍天下, “老爸”相伴.(7) “老爸” “老爸”, 一吃就发. (8)美味伴我行, “老爸”寄深情.3、赏析马爹利酒电视广告“马爹利金燕传奇”篇文案的精彩之处，写一简评。
在法国近郊马爹利干邑世家一望无际的酒库上空，散发着一股醉人芳香，流传着一个动人故事。
每年，有超过100万公升的上等干邑白兰地在漫长的酝酿过程中不断升华到空气中，成为对天使的奉献。
大约300年前，这种芳香，将一只燕子深深吸引，依恋不舍。
最后，它终于化身金黄，超越平凡。
每年初春，数以千计的燕子都在这里悠然翱翔，而金燕子也依然不断出现在每一瓶马爹利干邑白兰地之上，标志着法国马爹利。
干邑世家，经典无价4、请你从广告文案诉求点和受众的感受体验两个方面，点评下则广告文案。
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徐州师范大学试卷（2011-2012学年度第一学期）一、单项选择题：（下列各题的四个选项中，有一个1．马克思主义理论从广义上说是（A ）A ．不仅指马克思恩格斯创立的基本理论、基本观点和学说的体系，也包括继承者对它的发展B ．无产阶级争取自身解放和整个人类解放的学说体系C ．关于无产阶级斗争的性质、目的和解放条件的学说D ．马克思和恩格斯创立的基本理论、基本观点和基本方法构成的科学体系2．马克思主义的显著特点是( B)A．党性和斗争性的统一B．以实践为基础的科学性和革命性的统一C．唯物论和辩证法的统一D．历史性和现实性的统一3 ．马克思主义认为，世界的真正统一性在于它的( C )A ．实践性B ．运动性C ．物质性D ．客观性4 ．划分唯物史观与唯心史观的根据是( C )A ．是否承认社会历史的规律性B ．是否承认阶级斗争C ．是否承认社会存在决定社会意识D ．是否承认社会意识的能动作用5 ．“风定花犹落，鸟鸣山更幽。
”这一诗句体现了(D )A ．物质运动的客观性和时空的主观性的统一B ．物质运动无限性和有限性的统一C ．时空的无限性和有限性的统一D ．运动的绝对性和静止的相对性的统一6 ．“沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春。
”“芳林新叶催陈叶，流水前波让后波。
”两句诗包含的哲学道理是( D )A ．矛盾是事物发展的动力B ．事物是本质和现象的统一C ．事物的发展是量变和质变的统一D ．新事物代替旧事物是事物发展的总趋势7 ．欧洲债务危机2009年12月始于希腊，2010年起欧洲其它国家也开始陷入危机，整个欧盟都受到债务危机的困扰。
从哲学上看表明：（ C ）A ．事物之间的联系是无条件的B ．事物是变化发展的C ．事物的联系是普遍的客观的D ．自然界与人类社会不可分割8 ．中国古代哲学家公孙龙“白马非马”之说的错误在于割裂了( D )A ．内因和外因的关系B ．矛盾统一性和斗争性的关系C ．矛盾主要方面和次要方面的关系D ．矛盾的普遍性和特殊性的关系9 ．两利相权取其重，两弊相衡取其轻。
要求我们（D ）A ．创造条件促进矛盾双方的转化B ．要善于抓主要矛盾C ．坚持共性和个性的统一D ．坚持两点论和重点论的统一10主观世界和客观世界，自在世界和人类世界分化和统一的基础是（B ）A ．运动B ．实践C ．精神生产D ．物质生产11 ．“即使天才，生下来的时候的第一声啼哭，也和平常的儿童一样绝不会就是一首好的诗，这说明( B )A ．生理素质本身就是才能B ．人的认识能力是在实践中形成和发展起来的C ．实践是认识的归宿D ．求知欲推动认识能力发展的根本动力12 ．真理的绝对性是指它的(B )A ．具体性B ．客观性C ．终极性D ．全面性13 ．十一届三中全会以来，我党制定的一系列正确的路线、方针、政策促进了我国经济的迅猛发展，这说明( C )A ．经济基础发展的道路是由上层建筑决定的B ．上层建筑的发展决定经济基础的发展方向C ．上层建筑对经济基础具有积极的能动作用D ．社会主义社会的发展不受经济基础决定上层建筑规律的制约14 ．“给力”、“神马都是浮云”等网络词语在2010年的流行表明A①社会意识是对社会存在的反应②主观认识随着客观实际的变化而变化③价值观对人们改造客观世界具有指导作用④社会意识具有独立性A ．①②B ．②③C ．①③D ．③④15 ．马克思说：“一切商品对它们的所有者是非使用价值，对它们的非所有者是使用价值。
”这句话表明( B )A ．有使用价值的不一定有价值B ．商品的使用价值是对它的购买消费者而言的C ．商品所有者同时获得使用价值和价值D ．商品是使用价值和价值的对立统一16 ．如果部门劳动生产率下降，同一劳动在单位时间内创造的(A )A ．使用价值量减少，单位产品的价值量增加B ．使用价值量减少，单位产品的价值量减少C ．价值量增加，单位产品的价值量增加D ．价值量减少，单位产品的价值量减少17 ．资本循环的三种职能形式是（C ）A ．产业资本、商业资本、借贷资本B ．固定资本、流动资本、生产资本C ．货币资本、生产资本、商品资本D ．不变资本、可变资本、流通资本18 ．当代资本主义国际垄断组织的主要形式是（C )A ．国际卡特尔B ．混合联合企业级C ．跨国公司D ．国际康采恩19 ．经济全球化的实质决定了它的发展必然是（B )A ．有利于所有国家B ．有利于发达资本主义国家C ．有利于发展中国家D ．有利于社会主义国家20．社会主义实现由空想到科学发展的标志是（B )A ．《共产党宣言》的发表B . “共产主义者同盟”的建立C ．空想社会主义理想的破灭D ．无产阶级革命的胜利二、多项选择题1．作为一个完整的科学体系，马克思主义理论体系的三个主要组成部分是ACD A．马克思主义哲学 B ．马克思主义法学C．马克思主义政治经济学D．科学社会主义2 ．马克思说：“社会生活在本质上是实践的。
”这一命题的主要含义是CDA ．实践是社会历史的客体B ．实践是社会历史的主体C ．实践构成了社会生活的现实基础D ．实践是社会生活的本质内容3 ．下列工作方法体现了矛盾的普遍性和特殊性的辩证关系原理的是ABCA. “抓典型” B . “一般号召和个别指导相结合”C . “一切经过实验”D . “欲擒故纵”4 ．“是就是，否就否，除此之外，都是鬼话”，这一观点的错误在于ABCA ．它对否定的理解是孤立的、片面的B ．它对肯定的理解是孤立的、片面的C ．它否定了肯定与否定的对立统一关系D ．它否认了事物发展的曲折性5.“如果偶然性不起任何作用的话，那么世界历史就会带有非常神秘的性质。
”这一观点CDA. 夸大了偶然性的作用，是唯心主义非决定论B. 把偶然性和必然性的作用相混同，是相对主义的观点C. 既承认偶然性的作用，又承认必然性的作用，是辨证决定论的观点D. 说明事物发展必然性和偶然性综合作用的结果6 . “批判的武器当然不能代替武器的批判，物质的力量只能用物质的力量来摧毁，理论一经群众掌握，也会变成物质力量。
”这一论断的哲学思想是ABDA ．理论对实践具有指导作用B ．理论不能代替实践C ．理论本身就是物质的力量D ．理论的作用可以通过实践表现出来7 ．孙中山先生指出，认识过程是“以行而求知，困知以进行”、“行其所不知以致其所知”、“因其已知而更进于行”。
这表明ABCA ．知行相互促进B ．行先知后C ．知行不可分割D ．知行合一8.下列各对矛盾属于社会基本矛盾的有CDA.个人与社会之间的矛盾B.人与自然之间的矛盾C.生产力和生产关系之间的矛盾D.经济基础和上层建筑之间的矛盾9 ．一切商品都包含着使用价值和价值二因素，商品是使用价值和价值的统一。
这表明ABCDA ．缺少使用价值和价值任何一方面，都不能成为商品B ．没有使用价值就没有价值C ．有使用价值，但不是劳动产品，也不是商品D ．有使用价值，也是劳动产品，但只是供生产者自己消费，也不是商品10．反映资本家对工人剥削程度的公式是CDA ．剩余价值／可变资本B ．剩余价值／全部预付资本C ．剩余劳动时间／必要劳动时间D ．年剩余价值量／预付可变资本三、判断题1 .马克思主义之所以是科学是因为它彻底批判和抛弃了以往一切思想观点。
F2 ．脱离物质的运动和脱离运动的物质都是不可想象的，因此，运动就是物质，物质就等同于运动。
F3 .绝对真理存在于相对真理之中，是由无数相对真理的总和构成的，每一个相对真理都是绝对真理的一部分。
T4 ．在人们创造历史的活动中，谋事在人，成事在天。
F5 ．社会存在决定社会意识，因此，社会经济发展水平越高，思想理论水平也越高。
F6 ．劳动力的使用价值是其价值的源泉，并且是大于它自身价值的源泉。
T7 ．资本的价值构成决定资本的技术构成。
F8 ．跨国公司的迅速发展是生产国际化和资本国际化的根本原因。
F9 ．资本输出对输入国的经济发展起着积极的促进作用。
F10 ．在共产主义社会，个人消费品的分配方式是“各尽所能，按劳分配”。
F四、简答题1 . 简述哲学基本问题的内容及其理论意义。
（7分）1.（1）哲学基本问题是思维和存在或意识和物质的关系问题。
（2分）（2）哲学基本问题包括两方面的内容：第一，思维和存在或意识和物质何者是第一性的问题。
（2分）第二，思维和存在有无同一性，即意识能否认识现实世界的问题。
（2分）2.简述量变和质变的含义以及二者的辩证关系2. 1.量变是事物数量的增减和场所的变更。
量变表现为微小的、不显著的变化，是在度的范围内的延续和渐进。
（2分）质变是事物性质的变化，是由一种质态向另一种质态的飞跃。
质变表现为根本的、显著的突变，是对原有度的突破，是事物连续性的中断。
事物的变化是否超出度的范围，是区分量变和质变的根本标志。
（2分）在度的范围内的变化是量变，超出度的范围的变化，属于质变。
二者辩证关系：量变是质变的必要准备，质变是量变的必然结果；质变为量变开辟了新的道路；二者互相渗透。
（2分）3.实践是检验真理的唯一标准的原理。
3. 实践是检验真理的唯一标准，这是由真理的本性和实践的特点决定的。
（2分）真理是同客观实际相符合的主观认识，检验真理就是要判明主观认识是否同客观实际相符合，这就必须把主观与客规联系起来加以对照。
（2分）单纯的主规认识和客观事物本身都不能成为检验真理的标准。
实践是主观见之于客观的活动，具有直接现实性，是唯一能把主观和客观联系起来的“桥梁”，因而是检验真理的唯一标准。
（2分）4．简述社会存在和社会意识的辩证关系。
4（1）社会存在决定社会意识。
社会意识根源于社会存在，社会存在不同，意识形态就不同；社会存在的变化发展和变化决定社会意识形态的发展变化；（2分）社会意识形态的相对独立性，社会意识一经产生，便具有自己独特的发展规律，表现出相对的独立性：意识形态的变化发展同社会存在变化发展的不完全同步性；（2分）正确的社会意识对社会存在具促进作用，反之阻碍作用。
（2分）5．简述当代资本主义的新变化及其实质.5. （1）当代资本主义主要指第二次世界大战结束以来西方发达国家的国家垄断资本主义。
与二战以前资本主义相比，（1分）主要有下列新变化：第一，生产资料所有制的变化（1分）。
第二，劳资关系和分配关系的变化。
（1分）第三，社会阶层、阶级结构的变化。
（1分）第四，经济调节机制和经济危机的变化。
（1分）第五，政治制度的变化。
（1分）五、论述题：1.试述联系的观点，论述社会主义现代化建设中坚持对外开放的意义。
1、（1）联系是指事物之间以及事物内部诸要素之间的相互影响、相互制约和相互作用。
事物之间的联系是客观的。
联系的客观性是指联系是客观事物本身所固有的，是不以人的主观意志为转移的。