Unit4 Earthquake知识点以及定语从句精讲
Unit4 Earthquake一：重点单词短语1.Now imagine there has been a big earthquake. 现在，假设有一次大地震。
(1)sth. happen to. sb.某事发生在某人身上Did you hear what happened to David last night? 你听说大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗?(2)happen to do sth.碰巧做某事I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。
(3)It (so) happened that…碰巧......It so happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。
2. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.shake(v.) (shook, shaken)摇动，震动eg: Shake the bottle before taking the medicine. 服药之前将药瓶摇一摇。
使受震撼；使（信念等）动摇eg: They were badly shaken by the news of her death. 她死的消息令他们大为震惊。
（指人）打颤，颤抖eg: She was shaking with cold/laughter/fear/anger.shake(n.) (C 常用单数）摇动，震动eg: a shake of the head 摇头拓展：shake hands with sb. = shake sb. by the hand = shake sb's hand 与某人握手shake one's head 摇头3. For three days the water in the village rose and fell, rose and fell.rise(vi.) “升起，升高”，其后不能接宾语，不能用于被动语态。
eg: 1.The sun rose at seven o'clock. 太阳七点种升起。
rise(vi.) （河水，物价等）上涨；提高；起身eg: 1.The river is rising after the rain. 雨后河水涨了。
2.Prices have risen steadily during the past decade. 过去十年间物价一直在平稳地上涨。
raise(vt.) 抬起，举起eg: 1.He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。
raise(vt.) 提高；提出；增加eg: 1.He raised his voice. 他提高了嗓门。
raise(vt.) 抚养；饲养eg: 1.She raised a lot of chickens. 她养了许多鸡。
4. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.too...to结构一般表示否定含义,意为"太...以致于不能"eg:He is too old to work.但too...to在下列情况下却表示肯定含义:⑴ “never / not too …to”这一结构意思是“不太……所以能……”。
双重否定表示肯定意义。
One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
It is never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢，犹为未晚。
(2)当too前有only, but, all，just,simple 等词时，“too…to…”结构不再表示否定意义，而是表示肯定意义。
too相当于very，意思是“非常；十分”。
例如：I am only too glad to become a member of you. 我非常高兴成为你们中的一员。
We are but too eager to receive your invitation. 我们极渴望接到你们的邀请。
I'm only too glad to see you .见到你非常高兴.They are but too pleased to hear the news.他们听到这个消息,非常高兴.(3)与cannot连用时.不再表示否定意义，而是表示肯定意义，意思是“越……越好；无论……也/都不过分”。
例如：You cannot be too careful to cross the street. 你过街时越小心越好。
eg:You cannot be too careful(=You can never be careful enough) to do your homework.你做作业越仔细越好(=无论怎样仔细也不过分).5. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。
burst(v.) （使）爆炸；胀破，爆破eg: 1.Water-pipes often burst in cold weather. 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。
拓展：（1）burst into sth. 突然或猛烈地发出或产生出某事物eg: burst into tears/laughter突然哭起来/笑起来burst into anger 勃然大怒（2）burst out (+ doing) 突然开始做某事eg: burst out crying/laughing/singing 突然哭起来/笑起来/唱起来6. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep asusual that night.think little of 不放在心上；看扁，轻视eg: 1.Most people thought little of the 8-year-old boy. In fact, they were wrong.大多数人小看了这个8岁的男孩。
事实上，他们错了。
拓展：think well / highly of 高度评价/赞扬think poorly / badly of 认为......很差；对......评价很低另外：think of ... as ... 把...... 认为是......eg: I thought of him as my best friend. However, he treated me as an enemy.我把他看作我最好的朋友，然而，他却把我当敌人。
7. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。
at an end 结束，终结= finished，为固定短语，在句中常作表语。
eg: The war was at an end. 战争结束了。
辨析：at the end (of) 在......的尽头；在......的结束，可表时间或空间。
eg: 1.At the end of the street, you'll find a supermarket. 在大街的尽头，你会看见一家超市。
in the end 最后，终于= at last，不能和of连用。
eg: He tried many times, and in the end he succeeded.他多次努力，最后终于成功了。
by the end of 到......末为止，到......结束时，通常和完成时连用。
eg: 1.How many words had you learned by the end of last term?到上学期末为止，你们已学习多少个单词了？2.We'll have finished the work by the end of this month.到本月底我们将完成这项工作。
It seemed + that从句是一个句型，表示“看起来好象”。
eg: It seemed that he didn't notice this. 看起来他好象没注意这件事。
It seemed 后还常跟as if从句。
如果与事实相反，则用虚拟语气；如果与事实一致，则保持正常时态。
eg: 1.There is a lot of cloud. It seems as if it's going to rain.有这么多乌云，看起来好象要下雨了。
（是事实，不用虚拟）2.She is so kind to me. It seems as if she were my mother.她对我非常好，看起来好象她是我的母亲。
（事实上不是，与现在事实相反）sb. 作主语时，seem后常跟adj. 作表语。
eg: He seemed a little angry. 他看起来有点生气。
8.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.ruin(n.) U 毁坏，毁灭；灭亡eg: The war brought ruin to the country. 战争给这个国家带来了毁灭。
C 废墟；遗迹eg: The school is in ruins. 那所学校已成废墟。
注意：ruin表示“废墟；遗迹”常用复数，常构成短语in ruins，意为“严重受损；破败不堪”。
eg:His career lies in ruins. 他已事业尽毁。
ruin(v.) 毁坏，毁灭；使破产有一般“弄坏了”之意，也有比喻的意思。
eg: The fire ruined the books in the library. 大火焚毁了图书馆的藏书。
I was ruined by that law case. 我被那场官司弄得倾家荡产。
9.Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.(1)thousand of 意为“成千上万的。
unit4 Earthquake(知识点)
unit4 Earthquake(知识点)Unit 4: EarthquakesIntroduction:Earthquakes are natural disasters that occur when there is a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, causing the ground to shake. They can cause widespread destruction and lead to loss of life. In this unit, we will explore various aspects of earthquakes, including their causes, effects, and ways to mitigate their impact.I. What Causes Earthquakes?Earthquakes can be triggered by several factors, but the majority of them occur due to the movement of tectonic plates. As the Earth's crust consists of several large plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere, their constant motion can create stress and tension. When the stress becomes too high, it is released in the form of seismic waves, causing an earthquake.II. Types of Earthquakes:1. Tectonic Earthquakes:- These are the most common type of earthquakes and occur at plate boundaries.- There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform.- Divergent boundaries occur where plates move apart, while convergent boundaries occur where plates collide. Transform boundaries occur where plates slide past each other horizontally.- The intensity and magnitude of tectonic earthquakes vary depending on factors such as the type of boundary and the amount of accumulated stress.2. Volcanic Earthquakes:- Volcanic activity can also lead to earthquakes.- When magma rises to the surface, it can cause the surrounding rocks to crack, resulting in volcanic earthquakes.- These earthquakes are usually localized around the volcano and are associated with volcanic eruptions.3. Induced Earthquakes:- Human activities can sometimes trigger earthquakes.- Activities such as mining, reservoir-induced seismicity (due to filling of large reservoirs), and hydraulic fracturing (fracking) can induce seismic events.- Induced earthquakes may occur in areas where the Earth's crust is already under stress.III. Earthquake Effects:1. Surface Effects:- Shaking of the ground during an earthquake can cause various surface effects.- Buildings and infrastructure may collapse or suffer severe damage, leading to injuries and loss of life.- Landslides, ground cracks, and changes in the landscape can also occur.2. Secondary Effects:- Earthquakes can trigger secondary effects such as tsunamis, which are large ocean waves generated by the displacement of water.- Fires may break out due to damaged electrical systems or ruptured gas pipelines.- The movement of the ground can also lead to liquefaction, where saturated soil temporarily loses its strength and behaves like a liquid.IV. Mitigating Earthquake Impact:1. Preparedness:- Education and public awareness are crucial for earthquake preparedness.- Communities should have disaster response plans, evacuation routes, and emergency supplies in place.- Conducting regular drills and training sessions can help people understand the appropriate actions to take during an earthquake.2. Building Design:- Constructing buildings and infrastructure that can withstand seismic forces is essential.- Engineers use various techniques, such as base isolation and dampers, to reduce the impact of earthquakes on structures.- Building codes and regulations should be followed to ensure safety standards are met.3. Early Warning Systems:- Advances in technology have made it possible to develop early warning systems for earthquakes.- These systems can detect initial seismic waves and provide a few seconds to minutes of warning before the more destructive waves arrive.- Early warning can help prompt evacuations and give people time to take cover.Conclusion:Earthquakes are powerful natural phenomena that can have devastating consequences. By understanding their causes, effects, and implementing effective mitigation strategies, we can work towards minimizing the impact of earthquakes and protecting lives and infrastructure. Increased public awareness and preparedness are vital in ensuring resilience against these unpredictable yet recurring events.。
Unit 4 Earthquakes知识点讲解
Unit 4Earthquakes知识点讲解一：重点单词1. burst vi. & vt. (burst, burst)（使某物）爆炸；胀破；爆破I’ve eaten so much I feel ready to burst.我吃得太多，肚子都要撑破了。
短语：（1）burst in/into (a room, etc. )突然进入（房间等）All of them burst into laughter/tears/song.他们全都突然笑起来/哭起来/唱起来。
The police burst in/into the room and arrested that gang.警察突然闯进房门逮捕了那帮人。
（2）burst out doing. . .突然开始做某事All of them burst out laughing/crying/singing.他们全都突然笑起来/哭起来/唱起来。
2. in ruins严重受损；破败不堪；成为废墟An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.地震过后全城到处都是颓垣断壁。
His career is/lies in ruins.他的事业已完全失败。
3. injure vt.伤害，损害，受伤She was badly injured in an accident during the work.她在一次工伤事故中受了重伤。
harm, hurt, injure & wound:a.harm用于指肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便，还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情；b.hurt为一般用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害，还可用作不及物动词，意为“疼痛”；c.injure一般指由于意外或事故而受伤；d.wound指外伤（如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤等），尤指在战争、战斗中受伤。
The robber______________ him with a knife.A. harmedB. hurtC. injuredD. wounded 答案：D4. destroy vt. to break to pieces; to make useless; to put an end to摧毁；毁坏；破坏The fire destroyed all my books.这场大火毁了我的全部书籍。
高一英语必修一Unit--4-Earthquakes知识点
Unit 4 Earthquakes一、课文考点精解1.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. too…to…“太…而不能…”The hat is too large to wear.It’s never too late to study.例题：He has been busy find time to answer the reader’s let ters.A so; toB so; thatC too; toD too; thatThe work calls for great care and patience. So you to do it.A can be too carefulB can’t be too carefulC can be too carelessD can’t be careful2. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.Burst into tears=bust out crying突然大哭起来Burt into laughers=bust out laughing突然大笑起来Burst into the room 闯入房间The audience waited until the curtain rose and then laughter at the sight of the funny actor.A burst outB burst intoC broke intoD began with3.But the million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.Think little of 对…评价不高；不看重The teacher thought little of your article.Think much/highly/well of 对…高度评价His film is sure to win the award because it by most people.A thinks well ofB is thought wellC is well thoughtD is thought well ofsoon.On New Year’s Eve New York City holds an outdoor which attracts a million ormore people.He shows great interest in international .4 It seemed as if the world was at an end!As if 相当于as though,常用在动词look, seem, feel等之后引导表语从句。
Unit4 Earthquake知识点以及定语从句精讲
Unit4 Earthquake一：重点单词短语1.Now imagine there has been a big earthquake. 现在，假设有一次大地震。
(1)sth. happen to. sb.某事发生在某人身上Did you hear what happened to David last night? 你听说大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗?(2)happen to do sth.碰巧做某事I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。
(3)It (so) happened that…碰巧......It so happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。
2. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.shake(v.) (shook, shaken)摇动，震动eg: Shake the bottle before taking the medicine. 服药之前将药瓶摇一摇。
使受震撼；使（信念等）动摇eg: They were badly shaken by the news of her death. 她死的消息令他们大为震惊。
（指人）打颤，颤抖eg: She was shaking with cold/laughter/fear/anger.shake(n.) (C 常用单数）摇动，震动eg: a shake of the head 摇头拓展：shake hands with sb. = shake sb. by the hand = shake sb's hand 与某人握手shake one's head 摇头3. For three days the water in the village rose and fell, rose and fell.rise(vi.) “升起，升高”，其后不能接宾语，不能用于被动语态。
Unit_4 earthquake 定语从句(一)
房顶是棕色的房子是我的。
The house _________________ is mine. whose roof is brown
2013年7月21日星期日
14
The city host(举办) 2oo8 Olympic Games
Beijing
which \ that hosted the 2008 The city _________________________________ Olympic Games ___________________ is Beijing.
2013年7月21日星期日 15
Beckham is a football player. He is handsome.
Beckham is a football player, who is handsome _______________. who is handsome Beckham, ___________________________ is a football player.
2013年7月21日星期日 17
Choose the right answer. 1. The place ______ interested me most was the Children’s Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who I spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3. The factory ______ we’ll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 4. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _____ family was poor. A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose 5. I like the house ______ windows face south. A. which B. whose C. that D. of which
(人教版)高中英语必修一：unit 4 Earthquakes定语从句及语法讲解(I)
定语从句（1）概念引入：She is the girl who sings best of all.她是所有人中唱得最好的。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
Give me the book whose cover is green.把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。
定语从句是我们初中学过的一项语法，上面这些句子与你初中学的有差别吗？是不是有点不同呢？从这个单元开始，我们将学习定语从句的升级版，但还是从头开始学哟。
语法点拨【定语从句一P1】，定语从句的定义Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗？The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good.他前天买的那本书很棒。
He is the man whom we should learn from. 他就是我们应该学习的人。
Her friend whose home is very far came to see her. 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。
其中粗体的部分就是定语从句，划横线的部分叫做先行词，也就是被定语从句修饰的词。
定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：上面例子中的关系代词who, whom, which, that是用来引导定语从句的连接词。
这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。
例如：Those students who study in this school are good at football.（who代替先行词students在从句中充当主语）There is still much homework which we must finish.（which代替先行词homework在从句中充当宾语）关系代词引导的定语从句I. who和whom1. who和whom代表人, 当先行词在从句中作主语时用who引导，作宾语时用whom引导。
人教新课标版高一必修1重点提炼：Unit 4 Earthquakes语法突破
人教新课标版高一必修1重点提炼：Unit 4 Earthquakes语法突破The Attributive Clause (1)定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, t hat这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2）Whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
Unit4《Earthquake》语法 定语从句
一. 定语从句的基本定义 放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系 副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定 语从句。 被修饰的词叫先行词。
二. 关系词的分类
1. 关系代词
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语 和定语，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose，as 2. 关系副词 关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关 系副词有：when, where, why
A huge crack ____________ that was eight _________________________ kilometers long and thirty ____________ meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
1.Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong _________________ as the first one __________shookTangshan. 2.The army organized teams to dig out who were trapped and to bury the dead those_______________________.
The novel whose title is Red and Black is very interesting.
=The novel of which the title is Red and Black is very interesting.
⑤whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代 替，即
高一必修一第四单元Earthquakes
Starter Unit 4 Earthquakes知识点讲解That| which| who| whose引导的定义从句欣赏谚语：He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for -nothing.不懂装懂，一事无成.It's the first step that counts.千里之行，始于足下He who makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。
God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。
定语从句总结及练习I.概念:(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。
(2)先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:1)引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词;2)必在从句中作某个句子成份(关系代词:主语，宾语，表语，定语:关系副词:状语) 常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose、as、常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语) :when、why、whereThe student who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.定语从句三步:1.第一找出先行词:2.第二看引导词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语) ;如果除引导词外的部分是完整的句子(五种简单句的任何一种及there be句型)就用关系副词:否则用关系代词3.第三选择合适的关系词。
(同步复习精讲辅导)高中英语 Unit4 Earthquakes1
定额市鞍钢阳光实验学校Earthquakes(二)重点语法剖析定语从句（形容词性从句）考点：关系词的选择关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词：when, where关系代词指代对象在从句中的成分人物主语宾语定语who(whom) √√√which √√√that √√√√whose √√√难点一：只能用that的情况口诀：两代限形特疑序，还有这那和表语。
难点二：不能使用that的情况①逗号；②介词（介词+ which或whom）；③先行词是one(s),anyone, someone, those等的指代人的不定代词时，关系词使用who/whom。
难点三：关系词的省略关系词在从句中作宾语可省略。
解题思路：准确划出从句找出先行词，确定引导词范围分析从句成分（还原法）题一：填入适当的关系词。
1. The foreigner _________ visited our class yesterday is from Canada.2. The person to _________ you just talked is Mr. Li.3. Mr. Brown is the man_______ house caught fire last night.4. This is the best play _______was written by Jack.5. Football, _______ is an interesting game, is played all over the world. 题二：Women ___ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of havingheart disease than those ___ don’t.A. who;/B. /; whoC. who; whoD. /;/题三：Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ___ roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. that题四：Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day?A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the oneIs this museum_____ you visited the other day?A. thatB. whichC. the oneD. 不填造定从：1. 找 2. 删 3. 补 4. 追The woman is here now. You were talking about her.能力提升与拓展题五：An earthquake happens when two plates rub (碰撞) together. The earth plates travel in different directions and at different speeds. If one plate is slowly forced underneath the other, pressure builds up until the plates break apart. This process causes the ground to move.It is an earthquake. In other words, earth-quakes are the shaking of the earth’s sur f ace caused by the earth’s rocky outer layer as a result of the energy stored within the earth. The s train within the rocks is suddenly released (释放).The damage an earthquake causes depends on where it is and the time it is happening. If an unpopulated region is struck, there will be low loss of life or property. If it hits a large city, there may be many in-juries and much destruction. Many of the areas at risk are largely populated now. Major earthquakes hitting those areas today could produce terrible damage.Actually, there are several million small earth-quakes every year. Large earthquakes such as the 1964 Alaskan quake that measured 9.2 on the Richter scale, cause millions of dollars in damage. In the last 500 years, millions of people have been killed by earth-quakes around the world — including 240,000 in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China.A 60-second or less earthquake can cause devastation that continues for years after the first tremor (小震). In 1972, a series of severe earthquakes struck Managua, Nicaragua. Fifteen years later, the city still looked the way it had a week after the earthquake hit, because the country did not have the necessary money to rebuild it.The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster. It is in the ensuing fires and floods that often the greatest damage occurs. In the 1906 earthquake, it was the fires caused after it that did the majority of the damage. An earthquake can also destroy dams high above a city or valleys, causing floods to sweep down and sweep away everything in their path.1. Which of the following is the main idea of the first paragraph?A. An earthquake comes f rom inside the earth.B. The earth has great energy in storage.C. How the earth plates move.D. How an earthquake happens.2. How many examples are used in the passage to show the damage anddestruction earthquakes cause?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.3. Which of the following is mentioned to show that an earthquake can kill too many people?A. The 1964 Alaskan quake.B. The 1976 Tangshan earthquake.C. The 1972 Managua earthquake.D. The 1906 earthquake.4. The underlined word “ensuing” in the last paragraph probably means______.A. causing too much heat and great damageB. causing many injuries and much destructionC. happening as a result of another eventD. happening suddenly and unexpectedly动画短片欣赏《Larva》之 EarthquakeEarthquakes(二)讲义参考答案重点语法剖析题一：1. who/that 2. whom 3. whose 4. that 5. which题二：C 题三：A 题四：A；C能力提升与拓展题五：1. D 2. B 3. B 4.C。