(完整版)高二英语非谓语动词----ing形式和过去分词-人教版整理
Nonfinitive verbs 非谓语动词（一）
I.非谓语动词种类及句法功能
在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；-ing分词；过去分词（the Past Participle）。
非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和-ing分词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语；可以有形容词作用，在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语；非谓语动词可以有副词作用，在句中作状语。
II. -ing分词& 过去分词
1. 形式：（以do为例）
-ing：doing/ being done/ having dong/having been done 否定式：not + doing
-ed：done 否定式：not + done
2．句法功能：
（1）作主语：
Reading aloud is very helpful. It's no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It is no use/no good/ fun/ a waste of time/ useless/ good/ worthwhile doing sth
（2）作宾语：(做及物动词和介词的宾语)
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, escape, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay(耽搁), imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, pardon(原谅), propose(提议), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, be used to(习惯于), look forward to, object to(反对), pay attention to, insist on.
（3）作表语：
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.They are excited about the great film.
常用v-ing形式或过去分词做表语的动词有：interest, move, discourage, encourage, amuse, astonish, surprise, shock, frighten, excite, inspire, please, satisfy, tire, bore, disappoint, invite.
v-ing通常表示主动或进行，过去分词表示被动或完成。
（4）作定语：
He can't walk without a walking-stick. Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.
I know the people building the house there.
The house built over there is a shop. The house being built over there is a shop.
boiled water_______________ boiling water__________________
fallen leaves_______________ falling leaves __________________
the risen sun________________ the rising sun__________________
（5）作状语：表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等, 分词的逻辑主语是隐含的，应该与句子的主语一致。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. _________________ Having done his homework, he played basket-ball.__________________________________ Being a League member, he is always helping others. _______________________________ Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. _________________________________ He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. ______________________________________ The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. ___________________________ Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. ________________________ Once seen, it can never be forgotten. ____________________________________________ Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. _______________________________________ （6）作宾语补足语：
如下动词后可跟分词作宾语补足语：感官动词see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, listen to, look at, catch，使役动词find, keep, leave, have, get, make，另外还有with+宾语+分词结构。在这些结构中，-ing分词做宾补说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系，-ed分词做宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，形成逻辑上的动宾关系。
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?
I heard the song sung several times last week.
They kept me waiting at the gate.
She has us working day after day. They two had a wedding picture taken yesterday.
I will have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at stars in the sky.
III. Translate the phrases and rewrite the sentences with v-ing or the past participle.
1. 一颗破碎的心a broken heart
2. 鲁迅写的小说luxun ’s novel
3. 吸毒成瘾的人_____________________
4. 激动人心的消息an existing news
5. 发展中国家________________________
6. 发达国家_________________________
7. The lecture was given by Professor Zhang. It is about the environment protection.
_____________________________________________________________________________
8. The bike was stolen. It belongs to Jack.
_____________________________________________________________________________ 9. A woman is standing by the door. Who is she?
_____________________________________________________________________________ 10. The room faces south. It is our room.
_____________________________________________________________________________ 11. When the stadium is seen from the top, it looks like a bird’s nest.
_____________________________________________________________________________ 12. Because she was interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
_____________________________________________________________________________ 13. When ice is taken into a warm room, it soon changes into water.
_____________________________________________________________________________ 14. Although he was left alone at home, Sam didn’t feel afraid at all.
_____________________________________________________________________________ 15. Since I had worked hard all day, I was ready for bed by eight o’clock.
_____________________________________________________________________________ 16. As she felt sick, the woman sat down quickly.
_____________________________________________________________________________ 17. When I was walking in the street, I happened to meet my old friend.
_____________________________________________________________________________ 18. When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it.
_____________________________________________________________________________ IV. Multiple choice:
1. The secretary worked late into the night, _________ a long speech for the president.
A. prepared
B. preparing
C. to prepare
D. was preparing
2. The computer center, _________ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open
B. opening
C. opened
D. to be opened
3. The s peaker raised his voice but couldn’t make himself _____.
A. hear
B. to hear
C. hearing
D. heard
4. She’s upstairs, ____________ letters.
A. writes
B. write
C. writing
D. to write
5. _____ to the notice, Mary said, “ Can’t you read?”
A. Pointed
B. Pointing
C. To point
D. Having pointed
6. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, ________ that he enjoyed his
stay here.
A. Having added
B. to add
C. adding
D. added
7.__________more attention, the tree could have grown better.
A. Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given
8. The murderer was brought in , with his hands ______ behind his back.
A. trying
B. to be tied
C. tied
D. having tied
9. The _______ look on the girl’s face suggested that she _________ such bad news.
A. surprising, would expect
B. surprised, should expect
C. surprising, shouldn’t have been expected
D. surprised, hadn’t expected
10. The girl ___ forward to buying a new gold watch.
A. referred to look
B. referred to looking
C. referred to looks
D. referring to looks
11.When I got back home I saw a message ________ to the door, _________ “Sorry to miss you,
I will come later.”
A. sticking; reads
B. stuck; read
C. pinned; reading
D. pinning; reading
12. She felt rather that she shouldn’t drive the car at such a speed.
A. frightening, frightening
B. frightened, frightened
C. frightening, frightened
D. frightened, frightening
13. Helen had to shout __________ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear
B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard
D. to make herself heard
14. Don’t leave the water _____________ while you brush your teeth.
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
15. I don’t mind___ to the party.
A. being not invited
B. not inviting
C. not being invited
D. not to be invited
16. _______ a foreign language, one must have a lot of practice.
A. For mastering
B. Mastering
C. To master
D. So as to master
17. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr. Zhou ____.
A. including B .being included C. to include D. included
18.________her mother had come, her face lit up.
A. Hearing
B. Having heard
C. When hearing
D. When she heard
19. The novel is said _______into many languages.
A.translated
B. being translated
C. to have been translated
D. having been translated
作定语：
boiled water 开水boiling water 沸水
fallen leaves落叶falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子
the risen sun升起的太阳the rising sun冉冉上升的太阳
作状语：
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 尽管…（让步状语）Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 完成…后（时间状语）
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 作为…（原因状语）
Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 如果…（条件状语）
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 结果状语
The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. 伴随状语
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 因为（原因状语）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦…（时间状语）
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. 如果…（条件状语）
Translate the phrases and rewrite the sentences with v-ing or the past participle.
1. 一颗破碎的心a broken heart
2. 鲁迅写的小说novels written by Lu Xun
3. 吸毒成瘾的人people addicted to drugs
4. 激动人心的消息exciting news
5. 发展中国家developing countries
6. 发达国家developed countries
7. The lecture was given by Professor Zhang. It is about the environment protection. The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection.
8. The bike was stolen. It belongs to Jack.
The stolen bike belongs to Jack.
9. A woman is standing by the door. Who is she?
Who is the woman standing by the door?
10. The room faces south. It is our room.
The room facing south is our room.
11. When the stadium is seen from the top, it looks like a bird’s nest.
Seen from the top, it looks like a bird’s nest.
12. Because she was interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor. Interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
13. When ice is taken into a warm room, it soon changes into water.
When taken into a warm room, it soon changes into water.
14. Although he was left alone at home, Sam didn’t feel afraid at all.
Left alone at home, Sam didn’t feel afraid at all.
15. Since I had worked hard all day, I was ready for bed by eight o’clock. Having worked hard all day, I was ready for bed by eight o’clock. 16. As she felt sick, the woman sat down quickly.
Feeling sick, the woman sat down quickly.
17. When I was walking in the street, I happened to meet my old friend. Walking in the street, I happened to meet my old friend.
18. When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it.
When asked what had happened, he told us about it.
keys to multiple choice:
1-5 BCDCB 6-10 CACDC 11-15 CDDBC 16-19 CDDC
非谓语动词之动词ing的使用形式练习
非谓语动词之动词ing 1．A new law will go into effect on August 1st.According to this law，people found ______“harmful”advertisements in the streets will be punished strictly. A．putting up B．to put up C．being putting up D．having put up 2．Time should be made good use of ______ our lessons well. A．to learn B．learning C．learn D．learnt 3．With trees and grass ______ 39.6%of the urban area，the city of Weifang has taken on a new look. A．covered B．covering C．to be covered D．being covered 4．______ alone in the large house，the little boy had to learn to survive by himself. A．To leave B．Leaving C．Left D．Being left 5．The firm was successfully run and ______，he owed his success to the support of his friends. A．looking back B．looked back C．to look back D．when looked back 6．Taiwan leader Ma Ying-jeou estimated on Friday that more than 500 people had died in floods a nd mudslides ______ by Typhoon Morakot. A．caus ed B．causing C．being caused D．to be caused 7．The scientist was rewarded by the government for ______ such a great contribution to the country. A．make B．making C．being made D．having made 8．Nearly half a million people are believed ______ their homes as a result of the disaster. A．to leave B．to be left C．to be leaving D．to have left 9．—Why are you looking pleased? —Oh，I’ve just had a job______. A．to offer B．offering C．offered D．to be offered 10．After the party，most guests left，with only two of them ______ in the host family，______ him cleaning up. A．remaining；helped B．remaining；helping C．remained；helped D．remained；helpi ng 11．For English teachers ______ a more effective role in teaching，they must make every effort to raise students’ cross-cultural awareness. A．to play B．playing C．having played D．play 12．Something as simple as _____ vegetables in childhood may help to protect you against serious illness in later life. A．to eat B．eating C．to be eating D．eaten 13．When I went in，my pet happened ______ on my bed，______TV. A．to be lying；watching B．to have lain；watch C．to lie；and watched D．to be laying；watching 14．Friends are like leaves，______ everywhere，but true friends are like diamonds，precious and rare. A．to find B．finding C．found D．being found 15．_____at my classmates’faces，I read the same excitement in their eyes. A．Looking B．Look C．To look D．Looked 16．The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house. A．rose B．rising C．to rise D．risen 17．Look over there—there’s a very long，winding path ______ up to the house. A．leading B．leads C．led D．to lead 18．Recently a sur vey_____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated deba te among citizens. A．compared B．compari ng C．compares D．being compared 19．Bats are surprisingly longlived creatures，some______ a life span of around 20 years. A．having B．had C．have D．to have 20．Sit down，Emma. You will only make yourself more tired，______ on your feet. A．to keep B．keeping C．hav ing kept D．to have kept 21．Do you wake up every morning ______ energetic and ready to start a new day? A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 22．More highways have been built in China，______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. A．making B．made C．to make D．having made 23．On receiving a phone call from his wife ______ she had a fall，Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. A．says B．said C．saying D．to say 24．Sarah pretended to be cheerful，______ nothing about the argument.
动词ing形式的用法及变化规则
动词ing形式的用法及变化规则 一．动词ing形式的用法 1.正在进行时中,谓语动词后加ing. 如:I'm playing football. 2.一些特殊表达..如: be good at doing sth enjoy doing sth. be busy doing feel like doing thank you for doing do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/washing go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boating 二．动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成，其规则如下： 1）一般情况下直接加ing think---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studying speak---speaking carry---carrying say---saying 2）以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e，再加ing wake---waking make---making come---coming take---taking leave---leaving have---having 3）以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing 。初中学过的这类词有：begin，cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。 (visit 不是以重读闭音节结尾，不用双写) travel虽然重读第一音节，词尾音节不重读，但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母，然后再加ing ，如：travel---travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。4）以 y 结尾的动词直接加 ing carry—— carrying enjoy—— enjoying 5）以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing
初中英语动词过去式与过去分词表(带音标)(最新整理)
初中常用动词的过去式、过去分词不规则变化的规律一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共9个） ⑴cost[k?st]—cost—cost---costing['k?st??]---costs[k?sts vi.价钱为; 花费 ⑵cut[k?t]—cut—cut---cutting['k?t??]---cuts vt. & vi.切, 剪, 割, 削 ⑶hit[hit]—hit—hit---hitting---hits vt. & vi.打, 打击；碰撞vt.伤害, 殃及 ⑷hurt[h?:t]—hurt—hurt---hurting---hurts vt.使受伤; 伤害 ⑸let[let]—let—let ---letting vt.让, 使；放掉, 松掉 ⑹put[put]—put—put---putting vt.放; 置；使处于(某种状态)；表达, 叙述, 说明 ⑺read[ri:d]—read—read ---reading vt. & vi.读; 看懂, 理解 ⑻set[set]—set—set---setting---sets vt.放, 搁置 ⑼shut[??t]—shut—shut ---shutting---shuts vt. & vi.关, 关上 二、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。（共41个） 1 过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。（3个） ⑴bring[bri?]—brought[br?:t]—brought ---bringing---brings vt.带来, 拿来, 带…到某处, 取来 ⑵buy [bai]— bought [b?:t]—bought ---buying vt. & vi.购买, 购得；做出牺牲以获得 ⑶think [θi?k]—thought [θ?:t]— thought ---thinging vt. & vi.想, 思索；以为; 认为 2 词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个） ⑴build [bild]—built [bilt]—built ---building---builds vt. & vi.修建, 建造；开发, 创建 ⑵lend [lend]—lent [lent]— lent---lending vt. & vi.把…借给 ⑶send [send]—sent [sent]—sent ---sending vt.送, 寄; 派遣；使…猛然[迅速]移动 ⑷spend [spend]—spent [spent]— spent ---spending vt. & vi.用钱, 花钱vt.度过; 用尽 3．过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。（2个） ⑴catch [k?t?]—caught [k?:t]—caught ---catching---catches vt.接住；逮住, 抓住；偶然撞见；赶上, 追上；患病;；理解, 听懂, ⑵teach [ti:t?]—taught [t?:t]—taught ---tesching vt. & vi.教 4．把-eep变为-ept。（3个） ⑴keep [ki:p]—kept [kept]—kept---keeping---keeps vt. & vi. & link v.(使)保持; (使)继续 ⑵sleep [sli:p]—slept[slept]—slept ---sleeping---sleeps v.睡眠 ⑶sweep[swi:p]— swept[swept]—swept ---sweeping---sweeps vt. & vi.扫, 打扫, 拂去；扫视 5 把-ell变为-old。（2个） ⑴tell[tel]—told[t??ld]—told ---telling['tel??] vt.讲, 告诉；吩咐, 命令；表明, 显示vt. & vi.分辨, 辨别 ⑵sell[sel]—sold[s??ld]—sold ---selling[‘seli?] vt. & vi.卖; 售; 销 6．过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。（4个） ⑴smell[smel]—smelt—smelt---smelling---smells vt.闻到; 嗅出 ⑵spell[spel]—spelt[spelt];spelled—spelt;spelled---spelling vt. & vi.拼写, 拼读 ⑶feel[fi:l]—felt[felt]— felt---feeling vt.触, 摸vt. [感觉到]；觉得, 认为 ⑷spill[spil]—spilt[spilt];spilled—spilt;spilled---spilling vt. & vi.溢出; 泼出7．过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（3个） ⑴learn[l?:n]—learnt[l?:nt];learned—learnt;learned---learning vt. & vi.学习; 学; 学会；得知; 获悉; 听说 ⑵mean[mi:n]—meant[ment]—meant---meaning vt.表示…的意思；本意是, 原意为; 意味；怀有某目的; 打算； ⑶spoil[sp?il]—spoilt[sp??lt]—spoilt---spoiling---spoils[sp?ilz] vt.损坏; 毁掉；溺爱, 宠坏 8．过去式、过去分词词尾是d。（4个） ⑴say[sei]—said[sed]—said---saying vt. & vi.说; 讲 ⑵pay[pei]—paid[pe?d]—paid---paying vt. & vi.付给; 付款；有利可图; (对…)有利, (对…)值得 ⑶lay[lei]—laid[le?d]—laid---laying vt.放置；压倒, 使躺下, 放倒vt. & vi.生蛋, 产卵 ⑷hear [hi?]—heard [h?:d]—heard---hearing vt. & vi.听到, 听见 9．改变元音字母。（11个） ⑴meet [mi:t]—met [met]—met---meeting vt. & vi.遇见, 碰见, 相见；认识, 结识vt.迎接； ⑵get [ɡet]—got [g?t]—got;gotten ['ɡ?tn]---getting vt.得到, 收到；具有；使得；(去)拿来；vt. & vi.到达,来, 往 ⑶sit [sit]—sat [s?t]—sat---sitting vt. & vi.(使)坐 ⑷find [faind]—found [faund]—found---finding---finds(单三形式) vt.找到, 发现；发觉, 感到 ⑸hold [h?uld]—held [held]—held---holding---holds(单三形式) vt.拿, 抱, 握住；认为, 相信；包含; 容纳 ⑹spit [spit]—spat [sp?t];spitted—spat;spitted---spitting vt. & vi.吐痰; 吐出； ⑺shine [?ain]—shone [???n];shined—shone;shined---shining---shines vi.发光; 反射光; 照耀；表现突出, 出众vt.照射；〈美〉擦亮 ⑻win [win]—won [w?n, w??n]—won---winning---wins vt. & vi.(在…中)获胜, 赢, 战胜(对手) ⑼hang [h??]—hung [h ??]; hanged—hung; hanged ---hanging ['h????] vt. & vi.悬, 挂, 垂下；(被)绞死, 吊死；贴, 固定, 安装 ⑽dig [diɡ]— dug [d?g]—dug vt. & vi.挖, 掘 ⑾lose [lu:z]—lost [l?:st, l?st]—lost vt.遗失; 失去 10．改变辅音字母。（1个） make [meik]—made [me?d]—made---making---makes vt.做; 制造; 被制造；做出, 制定, 产生；使, 使得； 11 改变元、辅音字母。（4个） ⑴leave [li:v]—left [left]—left vt.把…留下; 遗忘；听任, 让；交托, 委托vt. & vi.离去, 离开; 出发; ⑵stand [st?nd]—stood [st?d]—stood---standing---stands vt. & vi.站立, (使)直立, 站着 ⑶have [h?v]—had [h?d]—had---having------has[h?z] (have 的第三人称单数现在式) vt.有；持有，具有；含有；吃；喝 ⑷understand[,?nd?'st?nd]—understood—understood---understanding vt. & vi.懂; 理解 三、A—B—C型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共35个） 1 i—a—u变化。（6个） 1
动词过去分词及独立主格结构的用法
动词过去分词及独立主格结构的用法 一、过去分词的定义及其基本形式 1．过去分词是动词的另一种非限定形式，过去分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特性，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。如： （1）spoken English 英语口语（过去分词具有形容词的特性，作定语） （2）Given more time, we could do it much better. =If we were given more time, we could do it much better. 多给点时间，我们会做得更好些。 （过去分词具有动词的特性，有自己的宾语more time，构成分词短语；过去分词短语在句中作状语，具有副词的特性。） 2．过去分词的基本形式 （1）规则动词的过去分词由动词＋ed构成 （2）不规则动词的过去分词须逐个记忆。 （3）不规则动词的过去分词表示完成，如： fallen leaves =leaves which have fallen落叶 （4）及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成，如： the machines used in the workshop =the machines which are used in the workshop 车间用的机器（及物动词的过去分词表示被动） I heard the door opened. =I heard the door has been opened. 我听见门被打开了。（及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成） 二、过去分词的句法功能 过去分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独做谓语。但它具有形容词和副词的特性，故在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
高中英语语法(6)-动词的ing形式
第6章动词的-ing形式 动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”（gerund）和“现在分词”（present participle）两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。 一、动词-ing形式的特征和种类 与动词不定式一样，动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带状语、宾语等。 A.动词-ing形式的一般式 1. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 2. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。 She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。 3. 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。 I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电
子邮件。 He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。 B. 动词-ing形式的完成式 动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已很熟悉。 I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。 注意： 在现代英语中，作宾语的-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。 I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。(=I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.) We remembered seeing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。(=We remembered having seen the film. ) C. 动词-ing形式的被动形式 动词的-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。 1．一般式的被动形式 The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。
动词ing形式的用法
动词ing形式的用法 一)Ving形式作定语 分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： The man standing by the window is our teacher. Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building. Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。 1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。 a waiting car = the car that is waiting a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。 [注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如： The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。 2. 表示用途： the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室 a working method 工作方法 He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。 【比较】 过去分词作定语： 及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。例如： That is the book written by Lu Xun. 那是鲁迅写的书。 He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。 不定式作定语： 用不定式作定语，其经常所修饰的名词、代词有：
不规则动词过去式与过去分词详细整理
不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致） 二、ABB（过去式和过去分词一致） 过去式、过去分词改为-elt 三、ABA （过去式与原形一致） ABC （原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样）. 过去分词在过去式或原形后加-n或-en
2) 三种形式都有变化 1. 是be( is, am, are ) was/were been 2. 开始begin began begun 3. 做do did done 4. 喝drink drank drunk 5. 飞fly flew flown 6. 忘记forget forgot forgotten(forgot) 7. 躺lie lay lain 8. 骑ride rode ridden 9. 打电话ring rang rung 10. 唱sing sang sung 11. 穿wear wore worn 12. 游泳swim swam swum 13. 写write wrote written 14. 去go went gone Grammar 一、现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的构成：助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词 过去分词的构成方法如下 : A:1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加–ed. worked answered obeyed wanted 2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加–d. moved hoped divided 3.字尾是辅音+y的动词。则将y改i加ed. studied tidied satisfied 4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加–ed. stopped regretted dropped B: Learn the verb list on P122. 二、现在完成时的用法 1、现在完成时的"完成用法" 现在完成时的"完成用法" 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。 例如：He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。 ( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-- 灯现在不亮了。) 现在完成时"完成用法" 的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语( 如：already ，yet ，before ，recently 等) 、频度时间状语( 如：never ，ever ，once 等) 、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语( 如：this morning / month / year... ，today 等) 连用。 例如：Have you found your pen yet 你已找到你的钢笔了吗 2、现在完成时的" 未完成用法" 现在完成时的" 未完成用法" 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
非谓语动词情况下的ing及ed用法
非谓语动词2分词 非谓语动词就是在句子中不充当谓语的动词。它不受主语的限制，也没有像谓语动词那样的时态和语态的变化，又称为非限定动词，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语和状语。非谓语动词包括三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词。 1．分类：现在分词和过去分词。 2.用法： （1）以ing 及ed结尾的adj的用法 由与感觉相关的Vt 得来，如: interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten, delight, move, excite, tire, puzzle,disappoint, encourage, satisfy, please, inspire, astonish, discourage等。 这类动词的adj有两种：-ing “令人….的”，常修饰事物。 -ed “（人）感到…的”，常修饰人。 例：The children are all interested in the interesting story. Exercise：1. Listening to the ______________report, we were all ______________(tire). 2. The film was so ______________ that the audience were deeply ______________(move). 3. Seeing the ______________ result, we are all ______________(delight). 注意：有些动词的过去分词转化为adj时，表示人的内心感受，有时还可修饰voice, look , expression 等名词，表示透过人的声音，表情显示出人的内心感受。 例：From his terrified voice，we can judge he really had a terrifying experience. Exercise：1. The little boy seemed ______________at t he sight of the ______________snake(frighten). 2. How ______________it is to see a ______________ look on his face. (disappoint) 3. ______________of the ______________ film, the man went out of the cinema halfway.(bore) 4. He hadn’t expected the result, which can be seen from his ______________look. (surprise) (2)做定语：现在分词做定语表示主动或正在进行；过去分词做定语表示被动或已完成。 A burning building A wounded soldier 单个的分词放在被修饰的名词前；短语分词放在被修饰的词的后面,相当于一个定语从句。 Do you know the boy standing by the door Do you know the man called Bill Gates Exercise：1. The man ______________(allow) to use the computer is the engineer. 2. The man ______________(allow) us to use the computer is the engineer. 3. There is a book ______________(leave) on the table. 4. There is a book ______________(lie) on the table. (3)做状语：如果与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主动关系用现在分词；如果与句子的主语构成被动关系，要用过去分词。 The students went into the classroom, talking and laughing . Seen from the top of the hill ,the city is very beautiful. Exercise: 1. ______________ more time, we could do it much better. 2. . ______________ more time, they minister hope we can do it much better. 3. I hurried to the airport, only ______________(find)the plane had taken off. 4. ______________( notice) by the citizen, the theif was arrested finally. (4)做宾语补足语:现在分词做宾语补足语表示宾语与宾语补足语之间构成主动关系；过去分词做宾语补足语表示宾 语与宾语补足语之间构成被动关系。 Jenny found a good way to have her written English improved in a short period. She noticed something unusual happening. Exercise:1. He could hear his heart ______________(beat)fast. 2. It’s terrible to hear your uncle ______________(send) to the hospital. 3. The teacher came in , with a book ______________(hold) in her hand. 4. The teacher came in , with a shy girl ______________(hide) behind her.
动词ing形式的用法及变化规则04612
动词ing形式的用法及变化规则 一?口诀：now look listen be,动词要加ing,加了ing,不要忘了be。 二.动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成，其规则如下： 1)—般情况下宜接加ing think…thinking sleep…sleeping study…studying speak—speaking carr\T—carrying say■一saying 2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e,再加ing wake■一waking make一-making come—coming take―taking leave—leaving have■一having 3)以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅音，元音(aeiou),辅音”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing。 这类f司有：shop, begin, cut, put, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, bug, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid,等。
Visit不是以重读闭音节结尾，不用双写) travel虽然重读第一音节，词尾音节不重读，但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母，然后再加ing ,女口：travel—travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。 4)以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加ing 女口：die---dying lie---lying 一.写出下列动词的现在分词形式 work ____________ visil ___________ play ___________ study _________ dance ________ h ave ______ ___ travel __________ take __________ drop ___________ sin ___________ shop _________ swim __________ lie ___________ 二.选择题练习 1 ? Who _______________ over there now? A. singing B. arc sing C? is singing D. sing 2. It" s eight <)' clock. The students _________ an En^jish class? A. have E. C? is having D? arc having 3? Listen! The baby _____ in the next room? A. crying E? cried C? is crying D? cries 4.Look! The twins ______ new sweaters?
不定式、动名词、过去分词 作定语的用法
不定式作定语的用法 不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。 一些名词后常用不定式作定语，如：chance(机会），way(方法），time(时间）等；另外，the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词，它们或它们所修饰的代词后，也常用不定式作定语。 不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂，有的是主谓关系；有的是动宾关系；有的是动状关系，还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。 1、主谓关系的 （1）We must find a person to do the work. (2) There is no one to take care of her. (3) In my family, my mother is always the first one to get up. (4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave. (5) We need someone to go and get a doctor. 2、动宾关系的 如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。注意：是及物动词的，后面不要再加宾语，因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语；是不及物动词的，要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词，只有这样，它才能带上前面的宾语。 （1） He has a lot of books to read. (2) I would like a magazine to look at. (3) Here is some advice for you to follow. (4) Do you have anything else to say? (5) There is no one to take care of. (6) She has nothing to worry about.
常见英语单词的过去式和过去分词
be beat become begin bend blow break bring broadcast build burn buy catch choose come cost cut dig do draw drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find was/were beat became began bent blew broke brought broadcast built burnt bought caught chose came cost cut dug did drew drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found been beaten become begun bent blown broken brought broadcast built burnt bought caught chosen come cost cut dug done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found
fly forbid forget forgive get give go grow hang hear hide hit hold hurt keep know lay lead learn leave lend lie lose make mean meet pay prove flew forbade forgot forgave got gave went grew hung/hanged heard hid hit held hurt kept knew laid led learned/learnt left lent lay lost made meant met paid proved flown forbidden forgotten forgiven got given gore grown hung/hanged heard hidden hit held hurt kept known laid led learned/learnt left lent lain lost made meant met paid proven/proved
动词-ed分词的用法讲解
动词-ed分词的用法 一、基本概念 1.分词的定义 1.动词的-ed 分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2.过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词（相当于被动语），在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1）过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： Don't touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的（它是被打坏的）。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2）过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。 如：The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 （excited people 被激动了的人） We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。（被资质认证过的老师，或经过资质认证的老师。）过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如： Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗? The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如： The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。 The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。 3）过去分词做状语： -ed 分词和-ing 分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 ①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when 或while 来强调时 间概念。如： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市