跨文化商务英语课件4
• U.S. women have taken 2/3 of new jobs created; they are starting new businesses at twice the rate of men. In France, 1/5 of small businesses are owned by women; in Canada, the rate is 1/3.
Definition of Value
• A value can be defined as a conception, explicit or implicit, distinctive of an individual or characteristic of a group, of the desirable which influences the selection from available modes, means, and ends of action.
Chapter 4
Contrasting Cultural V
Social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in a culture. They are learned by contacts with the family, teachers, and religious leaders. The media also may influence one’s value system.
• Differences in conception of the self.
– Chinese have high value on group cooperation and individual modesty. – Americans place high value on self-reliance and freedom from externally imposed constraints.
• The next layer out is labeled Rituals, which stand for collective activities such as greeting, paying respect, social/religious ceremonies, etc.
• Beyond Rituals is the layer labeled Heroes, which refers to persons alive or dead, real or imaginary who possess characteristics prized in the culture. According to Hofstede, the cultural purpose of heroes is to provide models for behavior.
Arabs
Family security Family harmony Parental guidance Age
• 5. Individualism
Group consensus
Authority
• 1.1 Comparison Between Chinese Values and Western Values • Differences in expressing gratitude.
Cultural Contrasts in Values
Americans
• 1. Freedom • 2. Independence • 3. Self-reliance • 4. Equality
Japanese
Belonging Group harmony Collectivism Age/Seniority
• Differences in social relationships.
– Chinese formal & Hierarchical – Americans Informal & Equal
2. Cultural Dimensions
• Geert Hofstede is an international authority on intercultural social psychology. • According to Geert Hofstede model, four primary dimensions for differentiating cultures are identified: power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance. • The Fifth Dimension->Long-term versus Shortterm orientation
• 2.1 Power Distance • Power distance means the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations with in a country, expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. It is the distance between the superior and the subordinate.
Cultural Attitudes Toward Work
• Europeans have a relaxed attitude toward work; many businesses close during the month of August when people go on vacation. • Most Europeans do not work on weekends or holidays. • The French take longer vacations than any other country. • Australians value free time; they have the shortest working hours of any country in the world. • The Japanese work Monday through Friday, often 18 hours a day.
• The final and outermost layer is labeled Symbols. It is in this layer that Hofstede places words (language), gestures, pictures, objects, clothing, hairstyles or other superficial expressions of culture.
1. Cultural Values
• Cultural values are values that tend to permeate a culture.
Hofstede’s “Onion” Diagram
• Hofstede also used an onion diagram to illustrate his view of culture as a manylayered concept. At the heart of everything he places Values. Values are defined as broad tendencies to prefer certain states to others among dichotomies such as ugly-beautiful, dirty-clean, unnaturalnatural, abnormal-normal, paradoxicallogical, irrational-rational, etc.
– Thank you
• Differences in symbolization.
– APEC Summit
• Differences in attitudes towards women.
– See Next slide->
Attitudes Toward Women
• Influenced by cultural roots; U.S. women are supposed to have the same rights as men while in Kenya women are considered subordinate to men. • Gender differences in the U.S. workplace are deemphasized; women are accepted at higher levels in government and in many corporations.
Percentage of Women in Top Management Positions
United States Australia France Germany Japan United Kingdom 5.1% 1.3% 2.0% 3.0% 6 to 8.9% 3.6%
• 1.2 Comparison Between Chinese Values and American Values • Differences in friendship.
• Cutting through all of these layers he introduces the notion of Practice--the means by which a culture coherently and cohesively inculcates its values at each level of expression
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商务英语与跨文化沟通培训ppt课程
Fundamentals of Business English
Grammar
Basic presence structure, tensions, and verb forms
Vocabulary
Common business terms and phrases
Greeting and introductions
Course duration
Interactive teaching is conducted through various forms such as explanation, case analysis, role-playing, and group discussions.
Teaching methods
Participants are taught strategies for establishing trust through consistency, reliability, and best communication
01
02
03
04
05
Summary and Outlook
Understanding communication differences and coping strategies in different cultural backgrounds
Key cultural differences in communication styles, decision making processes, and business etiquette are highlighted
Lessons learned focus on the need for cultural awareness and sensitivity in business deals
Grammar
Basic presence structure, tensions, and verb forms
Vocabulary
Common business terms and phrases
Greeting and introductions
Course duration
Interactive teaching is conducted through various forms such as explanation, case analysis, role-playing, and group discussions.
Teaching methods
Participants are taught strategies for establishing trust through consistency, reliability, and best communication
01
02
03
04
05
Summary and Outlook
Understanding communication differences and coping strategies in different cultural backgrounds
Key cultural differences in communication styles, decision making processes, and business etiquette are highlighted
Lessons learned focus on the need for cultural awareness and sensitivity in business deals
Unit 4-跨文化课件
Culture shock
Case study
• Wen Hong had an American professor in her economics class in China. She had given the professor a lot of help during the course. At the end of the semester，the professor and his wife invited her to their home for dinner. They said they were going to cook her an American meal. • Wen Hong felt very flattered and excited，since McDonald，KFC and Pizza Hut had been her only exposure to Western cooking. • They had salad to start with，then steak with potatoes，followed by ice cream. Wen Hong had expected more courses but the meal came to an end. She knew the professor and his wife were being kind to her，but somehow she was a little disappointed. She wondered whether Americans do eat like that ice
It refers to negative attitudes towards other people that are based on faulty and inflexible stereotypes. It is an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude towards another group of people.
跨文化交际Unit 4课件
Reading I How Is Language Related to Culture
打落水狗, 斗鸡走狗, 狗恶 酒酸, 狗吠不惊, 狗急跳墙, 狗头军师, 狗血喷头, 狗眼 看人, 狗仗人势, 狗嘴里吐 不出象牙, 挂羊头、卖狗肉, 关门打狗, 狐朋狗友, 鸡鸣 狗吠, 嫁鸡随鸡、嫁狗随狗, 狼心狗肺, 鼠窃狗盗, 偷鸡 摸狗, 指鸡骂狗, 猪卑狗险, 狗皮膏药, 狗走狐淫, 丧家 之狗, 狗行狼心, 狗胆包女：你说你很寂寞，为什么不去找你以前的女朋友而来追我 呢？ 男：好马不吃回头草！(A good horse will never turn round to graze on an old pasture.) 女：你们班上也有女孩呀！我们俩相隔这么远，为何来追我 呢？ 男：兔子不吃窝边草！(A rabbit doesn„t nibble the grass near its own hole.) 女：那你现在为什么又要抛弃我呢？你这个混蛋！ 男：天涯何处无芳草！(There are plenty of fish in the sea.)
“Language-and-culture” in the five dimensions of culture
Language and cultural products Language and cultural practices Language and cultural perspectives Language and cultural communities Language and persons
More examples
More examples
I am sorry. I am sorry, too. I am sorry three. What are you sorry for (four)? I am sorry five.
商务英语与跨文化沟通培训ppt课程
Business formal
This is the most formal attribute and is typically worth it for very important occasions or meetings It insists of a suit, tie, and other accessories such as cufflinks
Exploring Positions
Proposing solutions, compiling, and considering the other party's needs and interests
Making Offers and Processes
Report Structure
Outlining the report's purpose, content, and conclusion
Important elements that contribute to the success of the negotiation, such as effective communication, understanding of the other party's needs, and utilization of level points
Feedback and clarification
Using feedback and clarification techniques to ensure messages are understood correctly in cross cultural communication
Understanding the business objectives, researching the other party, and planning strategies and arguments
跨文化交际实用教程unit4课件
2
CONTENTS
I. Warm-up cases II. Detailed Study:
culturally loaded words cultural reflections on proverbs
taboos
differences in cultural thought
patterns
III. Summary IV. Assignments
3
4
I. Warm-up cases
Case 1. Shoes for Street Walking Question : Why did the Italian shop owner
make such a blunder?
Shoes for street walking. Come in and have a fit.
• Group Work 1.红糖 2.红茶 3.眼红 4.开门红 5.红白喜事
1. brown sugar 2. black-tea 3. green-eyed 4. to begin well, to make a good start 5. weddings and funerals
13
1. 清白
17
• 9) I got some black looks from the shopkeeper when I cancelled my order. • 10) When I’m feeling blue, all I have to do is take a look at you, and then I’m not so blue • 11) Don’t tell me any white lie to make me feel good • 12) It may cost over a week to go through all the red tape to get permission
跨文化商务沟通(PPT32页)
• Understand the importance of religion in the Middle East • Master some basic ways to develop a better intercultural
Character features
South China: exquisite, euphemistic North China:bold, frank,straightforward
7
Islam
Dietary restrictions: • do not eat pork • do not drink • do not eat blood
28
Analysis
• The delegators from Dubai belief in Islamism, and have strong religious concepts. Boar is their totem, they are banned from eating pork.
• Chinese people lack of religious conscious and ignore the important factor when they negotiate with Dubai’s company.
different cultures, customs and religious belief different thoughts or actions conflicts
2
Types
Verbal behaviors
Different ways of greeting Different responds to praise The main part of considering issues
Character features
South China: exquisite, euphemistic North China:bold, frank,straightforward
7
Islam
Dietary restrictions: • do not eat pork • do not drink • do not eat blood
28
Analysis
• The delegators from Dubai belief in Islamism, and have strong religious concepts. Boar is their totem, they are banned from eating pork.
• Chinese people lack of religious conscious and ignore the important factor when they negotiate with Dubai’s company.
different cultures, customs and religious belief different thoughts or actions conflicts
2
Types
Verbal behaviors
Different ways of greeting Different responds to praise The main part of considering issues
跨文化交际课件 Unit Four
Case One: People here call me Lao Wai (old
foreigner). At first I was quite upset, I looked at myself in the mirror, I wasn’t old: I’m only in my twenties. Later, I found they also called foreign children Lao Wai or Xiao Lao Wai (little old foreigner), I realized it’s a general term for any foreigner.
6. Greetings and terms of address
• Physical greetings: • 7. Compliments, thanks and apologies • About "Thank you!": English learners take it for granted that in answering another compliments, the best way to do is to give a response of "Thank you!". However studies show that only 38.4% of Americans directly adopt this way while all the rest choose other ways to give an response. • More…
案例分析
• Case Two: When I traveled in China, I talked with many people. I knew they were friendly to me, but sometimes their questions made feel a bit uncomfortable, such as questions about my age and salary.
跨文化商务交际Wk4 Intercultural Business Communication
Maintain harmony and avoid confrontations
Term: “We”
Fulfill obligations to in-group members
Big difference between in-group
and out-group behaviors
More intimate with in-groups and more hostile to out-groups Cooperate with members of in-groups but not with
2020/6/26
Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions
• In-group - Immediate family - Extended family - Relatives - Acquaintances - Friends - Classmates - Colleagues
members of out-group
Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions
• Power Distance
It indicate the extent to which a society accepts the fact that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally among individuals
- Typical characteristics (Decentralization; Active participation, etc) - In business management world (Obedience; Execution; Saying ‘yes’)
跨文化交际Unit 4(大二英语)PPT课件
/Situation
Title +Surname
Neutral Relationship Surname +Title
/Situation
Title +Surname Given Name
Close Relationship /Informal Situation
Given Name
Given Name
III. Apologizing
• When to apologize • Who to apologize • How to apologize and how to respond
第20页/共39页
[Case 1] A calls B, but B doesn’t answer the Conversation 1 cal l A: Why didn’t you take upitmhe mphoenedjiuast tneowl?y. Compare the f o l l o w i n g t wo B: I just came in. I was in the office downstairs. c o n ve r s a ti ons . A: Sorr y, I should have phoned your office first.
第2页/共39页
I. Addressing
• A: Teacher Liu, could you come over to our par ty this Saturday? • A: Manager Smith, could I schedule your presentation on our new design for Friday
• Jennifer: I am really sorry for all this. • 此种情景若发生在一个中国家庭？……
Title +Surname
Neutral Relationship Surname +Title
/Situation
Title +Surname Given Name
Close Relationship /Informal Situation
Given Name
Given Name
III. Apologizing
• When to apologize • Who to apologize • How to apologize and how to respond
第20页/共39页
[Case 1] A calls B, but B doesn’t answer the Conversation 1 cal l A: Why didn’t you take upitmhe mphoenedjiuast tneowl?y. Compare the f o l l o w i n g t wo B: I just came in. I was in the office downstairs. c o n ve r s a ti ons . A: Sorr y, I should have phoned your office first.
第2页/共39页
I. Addressing
• A: Teacher Liu, could you come over to our par ty this Saturday? • A: Manager Smith, could I schedule your presentation on our new design for Friday
• Jennifer: I am really sorry for all this. • 此种情景若发生在一个中国家庭？……
商务沟通之跨文化沟通中英.ppt
“I’m just plain Vernon Thatcher. Just relax and make yourself at home.” You noticed that the Asians appeared bewildered. They appeared even more bewildered when early in the meeting Mr. Thatcher made this statement: “We’ve only got the lunch hour, gents. I know you’ll appreciate getting right down to business.” Throughout the meeting Mr. Thatcher was in his best conversational mood-laughing, backslapping, telling jokes. But none of this seemed to make an impression on the guests. They seemed confused to you. They smiled and were extremely polite, but they seemed to understand little of what Mr. Thatcher was saying. Although he tried again and again to move to business talk ,they did not respond. The meeting ended pleasantly, but without a sale. “They’re a strange people,” Mr. Thatcher commented when he got back to his office. “They have a lot to learn about doing business. It doesn’t look they’re going to deal with us, does it?” Mr. Thatcher was right in his last comment. They did not. As you review the meeting. You cannot help but feel that Mr. Thatcher spoiled the deal, for he failed miserably in communicating with the Asians. The fact is that there is much to know about communicating in cross-cultural settings.