The_Raven中英文赏析
The Raven中英文赏析

哥特式文学首先盛行于18,19世纪的西方世界,旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为,“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作,而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tz vetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中,在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”(刘守兰:55)。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱,埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究,而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底,这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛,与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋,引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时,常对外部环境进行大力渲染,而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡,尤其是美丽尤物的死亡,将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题(Poe:133-140)”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则,并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格,本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象:年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子,他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛,但一切都是徒劳,他越看书,越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀;而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜,飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外,诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色,“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”(朱立元:489-490)。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景,可使读者感到压抑,从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外,它还具有象征意义。
The-Raven译文

乌鸦爱伦坡一次午夜时,我疲惫不堪困意浓,稀奇古事挥不掉----低头小憩时,忽闻窗外叩拍声,好似有人轻轻把门敲----心想必有来客访----为此无他响。
啊,我铭记那是在凄凉寒冬十二月;灰死空留断魂烙。
欲把情愁付书海,难忘佳丽魂已销----举世无双窈窕女,安琪唤其叫勒诺---- 香销玉逝无人叫。
丝帘哀怨簌簌响,莫名恐惧心头涌;屏息起身细思忖,“过客欲求栖身所----夜深探问把门敲,为此无他响。
”霎时心定意坚不狐疑,开口来问寻,“先生/夫人请见谅,意懒心倦正自烦,叩门之音未听确。
”就此开门将客迎;夜浓,无人影。
定足凝望,漫漫长夜心悬疑,恰似幽梦初醒自难忘,夜阑无声,静寂无形,唯我低声唤勒诺,凄然旷野映回声----为此无他响。
转身回屋,心有余悸难平息,窗边又起叩击声,阵阵不绝耳。
“始知屋外不明之物在眼前,欲将个中究竟细细探----安神初定前去找,唯风无他响。
”卷帘开窗,鼓翼振翅飞入一乌鸦,神态自若如智者;不卑不亢,快若迅雷栖我处,风度无人肖----飞旋落定如玉女神帕拉丝----宜栖宜坐岿不动。
但见其神情肃穆现高贵,顿使我悲郁情怀化笑颜,“你貌若凡鸟而神自定,让我想起古之神鹊黄泉落,敢问你彼岸尊姓和大名,”乌鹊答道“永不再会”。
其貌不扬一小鸟,吐字清晰令人奇,纵然词不搭意难自圆,世人罕有此经历,有幸目睹它登门,飞落室内神雕塑,自唤名曰“永不再会”。
只见它静若雕像独端坐,倾注灵魂于斯语,唯此不言也不动----我低声哀叹“亲朋皆逝我独留----明日它亦弃我而去无望还。
”乌鸦即和“永不再会”。
惊闻接语称心又体贴,始知其开口无他语,必逢主人不幸遭磨难,无奈常叹此一言,长歌当哭忧愤起,感慨“永不再会”。
而我已是悲思转笑颜,侧身就座其栖息处,慵倦陷沉思,揣度这只亘古不祥鸟,冷酷,笨拙,恐怖又憔悴,缘和嘶叫“永不再会”。
我攒眉思忖不作响,眼前它目光炯炯将我灼;见我心驰神态依旧,灯下安然斜靠丝绒丝绒衬,而今物是人非,纵心念佳人,已是永不再会。
the raven的典故

the raven的典故The Raven的典故在美国文学史上,爱伦·坡(Edgar Allan Poe)是一位备受尊敬的作家和诗人。
他的一首著名诗歌作品《乌鸦》(The Raven)被广泛阅读和研究,成为了一个具有丰富象征意义的典故。
《乌鸦》是一首由第一人称叙述的长篇诗歌,讲述了主人公在一个寒冷的夜晚,坐在书房中苦思冥想,试图从悲伤的回忆中解脱出来。
然而,他的思绪被一只乌鸦的访问所打断,这只乌鸦不仅停在他房间的窗户上,还一再重复着“Nevermore”(永远不会再)的词句。
主人公的情绪随着乌鸦的出现和词句的重复逐渐变得愈发沉重。
这首诗歌中的乌鸦被解读为死亡的象征。
乌鸦的黑色羽毛和沙哑的叫声,与死亡和哀伤的氛围相呼应。
乌鸦的“Nevermore”不仅是一种回应,更是一种无法逃避的命运。
主人公试图与乌鸦交流,询问关于他失去的恋人莉诺尔(Lenore)的消息,但乌鸦的回答只有“Nevermore”,这使得主人公更加陷入绝望和痛苦之中。
《乌鸦》的典故被广泛引用和解读。
它象征着无法逃避的命运和绝望的循环。
乌鸦的存在让主人公无法忘记莉诺尔的离去,也让他无法从悲伤的回忆中解脱出来。
诗中的乌鸦还被解读为内心的恶魔,是主人公悲伤和痛苦的化身。
乌鸦的回答“Nevermore”也可理解为主人公对自己的否定和对未来的绝望。
《乌鸦》的典故不仅在文学作品中被引用,也广泛出现在电影、音乐和艺术作品中。
乌鸦的形象被用来表达死亡、哀伤和绝望的情感。
它的黑色羽毛和沙哑的叫声成为了文化符号,经常被用来描绘恐怖和神秘的氛围。
除了象征意义外,诗歌本身的结构和语言也成为了学术研究的对象。
《乌鸦》采用了押韵和节奏的手法,使诗歌更加富有韵律感。
诗中使用了丰富的修辞和意象,让读者在阅读中感受到深邃的情感和思考。
总的来说,The Raven的典故是一个富有象征意义的文学作品。
它通过乌鸦的形象和词句的重复,表达了绝望、痛苦和无法逃避的命运。
艾伦坡 乌鸦 the raven中英对照

第二页:Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. "'Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door-Only this, and nothing more.从前一个阴郁的子夜,我独自沉思,慵懒疲竭,面对许多古怪而离奇、并早已被人遗忘的书卷;当我开始打盹,几乎入睡,突然传来一阵轻擂,仿佛有人在轻轻叩击——轻轻叩击我房间的门环。
“有客来也”,我轻声嘟喃,“正在叩击我的门环,“惟此而已,别无他般。
”"Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December,And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow;—vainly I had sought to borrow From my books surcease of sorrow—sorrow for the lost Lenore-For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore-Nameless here for evermore.哦,我清楚地记得那是在风凄雨冷的十二月,每一团奄奄一息的余烬都形成阴影伏在地板。
The Raven中英文赏析

哥特式文学首先盛行于18,19世纪的西方世界,旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为,“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作,而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中,在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”(刘守兰:55)。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱,埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究,而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底,这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛,与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋,引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时,常对外部环境进行大力渲染,而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡,尤其是美丽尤物的死亡,将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题(Poe:133-140)”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则,并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格,本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象:年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子,他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛,但一切都是徒劳,他越看书,越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀;而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜,飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外,诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色,“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”(朱立元:489-490)。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景,可使读者感到压抑,从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外,它还具有象征意义。
the--raven-爱伦坡意象浅析

The ravenlonely man tries to ease his "sorrow for the lost Lenore," by distracting his mind with old books of "forgotten lore." He is interrupted while he is "nearly napping," by a "tapping on [his] chamber door." As he opens up the door, he finds "darkness there and nothing more." Into the darkness he whispers, "Lenore," hoping his lost love had come back, but all that could be heard was "an echo [that] murmured back the word 'Lenore!'"With a burning soul, the man returns to his chamber, and this time he can hear a tapping at the window lattice. As he "flung [open] the shutter," "in [there] stepped a stately Raven," the bird of ill-omen (Poe, 1850). The raven perched on the bust of Pallas, the goddess of wisdom in Greek mythology, above his chamber door.The man asks the Raven for his name, and surprisingly it answers, and croaks "Nevermore." The man knows that the bird does not speak from wisdom, but has been taught by "some unhappy master," and that the word "nevermore" is its only "stock and store."The man welcomes the raven, and is afraid that the raven will be gone in the morning, "as [his] Hopes have flown before"; however, the raven answers, "Nevermore." The man smiled, and pulled up a chair, interested in what the raven "meant in croaking, 慛evermore.? The chair, where Lenore once sat, brought back painful memories. The man, who knows the irrational nature in the raven抯 speech, still cannot help but ask the raven questions. Since the narrator is aware that the raven only knows one word, he can anticipate the bird's responses."Is there balm in Gilead?" - "Nevermore." Can Lenore be found in paradise? - "Nevermore." "Take thy form from off my door!" -"Nevermore." Finally the man concedes, realizing that to continue this dialogue would be pointless. And his "soul from out that shadow"that the raven throws on the floor, "Shall be lifted -- Nevermore!"SymbolsIn this poem, one of the most famous American poems ever, Poe uses several symbols to take the poem to a higher level. The most obvious symbol is, of course, the raven itself. When Poe had decided to usea refrain that repeated the word "nevermore," he found that it wouldbe most effective if he used a non-reasoning creature to utter the word. It would make little sense to use a human, since the human could reason to answer the questions (Poe, 1850). In "The Raven" it is important that the answers to the questions are already known, to illustrate the self-torture to which the narrator exposes himself.This way of interpreting signs that do not bear a real meaning, is"one of the most profound impulses of human nature" (Quinn, 1998:441).Poe also considered a parrot as the bird instead of the raven; however, because of the melancholy tone, and the symbolism of ravens as birds of ill-omen, he found the raven more suitable for the mood in the poem (Poe, 1850). Quoth the Parrot, "Nevermore?"Another obvious symbol is the bust of Pallas. Why did the raven decide to perch on the goddess of wisdom? One reason could be, because it would lead the narrator to believe that the raven spoke from wisdom, and was not just repeating its only "stock and store," and to signify the scholarship of the narrator. Another reason for using "Pallas" in the poem was, according to Poe himself, simply because of the "sonorousness of the word, Pallas, itself" (Poe, 1850).A less obvious symbol, might be the use of "midnight" in the first verse, and "December" in the second verse. Both midnight and December, symbolize an end of something, and also the anticipation of something new, a change, to happen. The midnight in December, might very well be New Year抯 eve, a date most of us connect with change. This also seems to be what Viktor Rydberg believes when he is translating "The Raven" to Swedish, since he uses the phrase "錼ets sista natt var inne, " ("The last night of the year had arrived"). Kenneth Silverman connected the use of December with the death of Edgar抯 mother (Silverman, 1992:241), who died in that month; whether this is true or not is, however, not significant to its meaning in the poem. The chamber in which the narrator is positioned, is used to signify the loneliness of the man, and the sorrow he feels for the loss of Lenore. The room is richly furnished, and reminds the narrator of his lost love, which helps to create an effect of beauty in the poem. The tempest outside, is used to even more signify the isolation of this man, to show a sharp contrast between the calmness in the chamber and the tempestuous night.The phrase "from out my heart," Poe claims, is used, in combination with the answer "Nevermore," to let the narrator realize that he should not try to seek a moral in what has been previously narrated (Poe, 1850).WordsPoe had an extensive vocabulary, which is obvious to the readers of both his poetry as well as his fiction. Sometimes this meant introducing words that were not commonly used. In "The Raven," the use of ancient and poetic language seems appropriate, since the poemis about a man spending most of his time with books of "forgotten lore."• "Seraphim," in the fourteenth verse, "perfumed by an unseen censer / Swung by seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled..." is used to illustrate the swift, invisible way a scent spreads in a room. A seraphim is one of the six-winged angels standing in the presence of God.• "Nepenthe," from the same verse, is a potion, used by ancients to induce forgetfullnes of pain or sorrow.• "Balm in Gilead," from the following verse, is a soothing ointment made in Gilead, a mountainous region of Palestine east of the Jordan river.• "Aidenn," from the sixteenth verse, is an Arabic word for Eden or paradise.• "Plutonian," characteristic of Pluto, the god of the underworld in Roman mythology.The Philosphy of CompositionEdgar Allan Poe wrote an essay on the creation of "The Raven," entitled "The Philosophy of Composition." In that essay Poe describes the work of composing the poem as if it were a mathematical problem, and derides the poets that claim that they compose "by a species of fine frenzy - an ecstatic intuition - and would positively shudder at letting the public take a peep behind the scenes." Whether Poe was as calculating as he claims when he wrote "The Raven" or not is a question that cannot be answered; it is, however, unlikely that he created it exactly like he described in his essay. The thoughts occurring in the essay might well have occurred to Poe while he was composing it.In "The Philosophy of Composition," Poe stresses the need to express a single effect when the literary work is to be read in one sitting.A poem should always be written short enough to be read in one sitting, and should, therefore, strive to achieve this single, unique effect. Consequently, Poe figured that the length of a poem should stay around one hundred lines, and "The Raven" is 108 lines.The most important thing to consider in "Philosophy" is the fact that "The Raven," as well as many of Poe's tales, is written backwards. The effect is determined first, and the whole plot is set; then the web grows backwards from that single effect. Poe's "tales of ratiocination," e.g. the Dupin tales, are written in the same manner. "Nothing is more clear than that every plot, worth the name, mustbe elaborated to its denouement before anything be attempted with the pen" (Poe, 1850).It was important to Poe to make "The Raven" "universally appreciable." It should be appreciated by the public, as well as the critics. Poe chose Beauty to be the theme of the poem, since "Beauty is the sole legitimate province of the poem" (Poe, 1850). After choosing Beauty as the province, Poe considered sadness to be the highest manifestation of beauty. "Beauty of whatever kind in its supreme development invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears. Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetical tones" (Poe, 1850).Of all melancholy topics, Poe wanted to use the one that was universally understood, and therefore, he chose Death as his topic. Poe (along with other writers) believed that the death of a beautiful woman was the most poetical use of death, because it closely allies itself with Beauty.After establishing subjects and tones of the poem, Poe started by writing the stanza that brought the narrator's "interrogation" of the raven to a climax, the third verse from the end, and he made sure that no preceeding stanza would "surpass this in rythmical effect." Poe then worked backwards from this stanza and used the word "Nevermore" in many different ways, so that even with the repetition of this word, it would not prove to be monotonous.Poe builds the tension in this poem up, stanza by stanza, but after the climaxing stanza he tears the whole thing down, and lets the narrator know that there is no meaning in searching for a moral in the raven's "nevermore". The Raven is established as a symbol for the narrator's "Mournful and never-ending remembrance." "And my soul from out that shadow, that lies floating on the floor, shall be lifted - nevermore!"。
The Raven中英文赏析教学提纲
T h e R a v e n中英文赏析哥特式文学首先盛行于18,19世纪的西方世界,旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为,“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作,而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中,在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”(刘守兰:55)。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱,埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究,而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底,这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛,与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋,引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时,常对外部环境进行大力渲染,而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡,尤其是美丽尤物的死亡,将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题(Poe:133-140)”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则,并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格,本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象:年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子,他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛,但一切都是徒劳,他越看书,越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀;而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜,飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外,诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色,“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”(朱立元:489-490)。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景,可使读者感到压抑,从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
诗歌解析英文The-raven
The Raven
by Edgar Allan Poe
Line:
Technique:
Atmosphere and symbolism in poetry.
LO’s:
By the end of this lesson students will... • Understand what atmosphere and symbolism are.
• Be able to apply this knowledge by analysing a poem.
诗歌解析英文the raven 搜索 atmosphere and symbolism in poetry. lo's: by the end of this lesson students will...? understand what atmosphere and symbolism are.? be able to apply this knowledge by analysing a poem. describe the feelings that come to mind after reading these words: dreary bleak ghost lost sorrow darkness melancholy grave stillness stern all of these words are from a very famous poem. make some guesses about the setting and atmosphere of the poem such as:? what time of day is it?? what time of year?? how is the author feeling?? is he alone or with other people? the raven by edgar allan poe line: technique: effect: what might have happened to the character before the events of the poem happen? why does edgar allan poe use a raven instead of another bird as the major symbol of this poem? why not...? what might we associate with ravens? so… we could say that edgar allan poe sets the scene and creates an atmosphere by... also he uses the raven to symbolise… atmosphere and symbolism in poetry. lo's: by the e
The-Raven中英文赏析
哥特式文学首先盛行于18,19世纪的西方世界,旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为,“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作,而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中,在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”(刘守兰:55)。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱,埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究,而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底,这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛,与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋,引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时,常对外部环境进行大力渲染,而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡,尤其是美丽尤物的死亡,将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题(Poe:133-140)”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则,并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格,本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象:年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子,他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛,但一切都是徒劳,他越看书,越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀;而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜,飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外,诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色,“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”(朱立元:489-490)。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景,可使读者感到压抑,从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外,它还具有象征意义。
the raven每一节解析
the raven每一节解析"The Raven" is a famous narrative poem written by Edgar Allan Poe in 1845. It tells the story of a grieving man who is visited by a mysterious talking raven. Each section of the poem holds a unique analysis and contributes to the overall themes and atmosphere of the narrative.Section 1: The beginning of the poem sets the eerie tone and introduces the melancholic narrator. It establishes the dark setting, with the narrator reading alone in his chamber, which is symbolic of his isolation and sorrow.Section 2: The arrival of the raven is crucial as it introduces a supernatural elementto the narrative. The raven's arrival portrays a sense of foreboding and mystery. The repeated phrase "nevermore" uttered by the raven leaves a lasting impact on the narrator, as it seems to taunt him about his lost love, Lenore.Section 3: The narrator engages in a dialogue with the raven, desperately seeking answers about his lost love Lenore. However, the raven's response of "nevermore" begins to torment the narrator further, as he interprets it as a confirmation of his eternal sorrow. This section highlights the theme of grief and the unanswerable questions that haunt the human mind.Section 4: The narrator's growing obsession with the raven intensifies in this section. He becomes increasingly agitated, questioning the bird's origin and demanding it to leave. The raven's refusal to depart symbolizes the narrator's inability to escape his grief and the constant reminder of his loss.Section 5: The final section of the poem reveals the narrator's descent into madness. He perceives the raven as a demonic being sent from the underworld, bringing despair and hopelessness into his life. The poem ends with the narrator acknowledging that he will never find solace or respite from his sorrow.In conclusion, each section of "The Raven" delves deeper into the narrator's psyche and explores themes of grief, isolation, and the human struggle to find meaning intragedy. The mysterious presence of the raven serves as a symbol of the narrator's torment and inability to move on from his loss. This poem remains a classic example of Poe's mastery of creating a chilling atmosphere and delving into the darker aspects of the human psyche.。
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The_Raven中英文赏析乌鸦(爱伦?坡著)? 曹明伦译(安徽文艺出版社1999年版本)从前一个阴郁的子夜,我独自沉思,慵懒疲竭,面对许多古怪而离奇、并早已被人遗忘的书卷; 当我开始打盹,几乎入睡,突然传来一阵轻擂,仿佛有人在轻轻叩击——轻轻叩击我房间的门环。
“有客来也”,我轻声嘟喃,“正在叩击我的门环,惟此而已,别无他般。
”哦,我清楚地记得那是在风凄雨冷的十二月,每一团奄奄一息的余烬都形成阴影伏在地板。
我当时真盼望翌日——因为我已经枉费心机想用书来消除伤悲,消除因失去丽诺尔的伤感,因那位被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女,她美丽娇艳,在此已抹去芳名,直至永远。
那柔软、暗淡、飒飒飘动的每一块紫色窗布使我心中充满前所未有的恐惧,我毛骨悚然; 为平息我心儿的悸跳(我站起身反复念叨“这是有客人想进屋,正在叩我房间的门环,更深夜半有客人想进屋,正在叩我房间的门环,惟此而已,别无他般。
”于是我的心变得坚强;不再犹疑,不再彷徨,“先生”,我说,“或夫人,我求你多多包涵; 刚才我正睡意昏昏,而你敲门又敲得那么轻,你敲门又敲得那么轻,轻轻叩我房间的门环,我差点以为没听见你”,说着我打开门扇——但惟有黑夜,别无他般。
凝视着夜色幽幽,我站在门边惊惧良久,疑惑中似乎梦见从前没人敢梦见的梦幻; 可那未被打破的寂静,没显示任何象征,“丽诺尔,”便是我嗫嚅念叨的惟一字眼,我念叨“丽诺尔”,回声把这名字轻轻送还;惟此而已,别无他般。
我转身回到房中,我的整个心烧灼般疼痛,很快我又听到叩击声,比刚才听起来明显。
“肯定”,我说,“肯定有什么在我的窗棂; 让我瞧瞧是什么在那儿,去把那秘密发现,让我的心先镇静一会儿,去把那秘密发现;那不过是风,别无他般~”然后我推开了窗户,随着翅膀的一阵猛扑,一只神圣往昔的乌鸦庄重地走进我房间; 它既没向我致意问候,也没有片刻的停留,而是以绅士淑女的风度栖到我房门的上面,栖在我房门上方一尊帕拉斯半身雕像上面;栖息在那儿,仅如此这般。
于是这只黑鸟把我悲伤的幻觉哄骗成微笑,以它那老成持重一本正经温文尔雅的容颜,“冠毛虽被剪除”,我说,“但你显然不是懦夫,你这幽灵般可怕的古鸦,漂泊来自夜的彼岸,请告诉我你尊姓大名,在黑沉沉的冥府阴间~”乌鸦答曰“永不复焉”。
听见如此直率的回答,我对这丑鸟感到惊讶,尽管它的回答不着边际——与提问几乎无关; 因为我们不得不承认,从来没有活着的世人曾如此有幸地看见一只鸟栖在他房门的上面,看见鸟或兽栖在他房门上方的半身雕像上面,而且名叫“永不复焉”。
但那只栖于肃穆的半身雕像上的乌鸦只说了这一句话,仿佛它倾泻灵魂就用那一个字眼。
然后它便一声不吭——也不把它的羽毛拍动,直到我几乎在喃喃自语“其他朋友早已离散,明晨它也将离我而去,如同我的希望已消散。
”这时乌鸦说“永不复焉”。
惊异于屋里的寂静被如此恰当的回话打破,“肯定”,我说,“此话是它惟一会说的人言,从它不幸的主人口中学来。
一连串横祸飞灾曾接踵而至,直到它主人的歌中有了这字眼,直到他希望的挽歌中有了这个忧郁的字眼——永不复焉,永不复焉。
”但那只乌鸦仍然在骗我悲伤的灵魂露出微笑,我即刻拖了张软椅到门边雕像下那乌鸦跟前; 然后坐在天鹅绒椅垫上,我开始产生联想,浮想连着浮想,猜度这不祥的古鸟何出此言,这只狰狞丑陋可怕不吉不祥的古鸟何出此言,为何对我说“永不复焉”。
我坐着猜想那意思,但没对乌鸦说片语只言,此时,它炯炯发光的眼睛已燃烧进我的心坎; 我依然坐在那儿猜度,把我的头靠得很舒服,舒舒服服地靠着在灯光凝视下的天鹅绒椅垫,但在这灯光凝视着的紫色的天鹅绒椅垫上面,她还会靠么,啊,永不复焉~接着我觉得空气变得稠密,被无形香炉熏香,提香炉的撒拉弗的脚步声响在有簇饰的地板。
“可怜的人”,我叹道,“是上帝派天使为你送药,这忘忧药能终止你对失去的丽诺尔的思念; 喝吧,喝吧,忘掉你对失去的丽诺尔的思念~”这时乌鸦说“永不复焉”。
“先知~”我说“不管是先知是魔鬼,是鸟是魔,是不是撒旦派你,或是暴风雨抛你,来到此岸,来到这片妖惑鬼祟但却不惧怕魔鬼的荒原——来到这恐怖的小屋——告诉我真话,求你可怜~基列有香膏吗,? 告诉我,告诉我,求你可怜~”乌鸦说“永不复焉”。
“先知~”我说“不管是先知是魔鬼,是鸟是魔,凭着我们都崇拜的上帝——凭着我们头顶的苍天,请告诉这充满悲伤的灵魂。
它能否在遥远的仙境拥抱一位被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女,她纤尘不染,拥抱一位被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女,她美丽娇艳。
”乌鸦说“永不复焉”。
“让这话做我们的告别辞,鸟或魔~”我起身吼道,“回你的暴风雨中去吧,回你黑沉沉的夜之彼岸~别留下你黑色的羽毛作为你灵魂谎过言的象征~留给我完整的孤独~快从我门上的雕像上滚蛋~让你的嘴离开我的心;让你的身子离开我房间~”乌鸦答曰“永不复焉”。
那只鸟鸦并没飞走,它仍然栖息,仍然栖息,栖息在房门上方苍白的帕拉斯半身雕像上面; 它的眼光与正在做梦的魔鬼的眼光一模一样,照在它身上的灯光把它的阴影投射在地板;而我的灵魂,会从那团在地板上漂浮的阴影中解脱么——永不复焉~? “基列有香膏吗,”语出《旧约?耶利米书》第8章第22节“难道基列没有镇痛香膏吗,难道那里没有治病的医生吗,”——译者注《乌鸦》--爱伦?坡 (原文,注释及翻译)2007-04-21 14:37简介:《乌鸦》是爱伦?坡1844年创作的。
《乌鸦》叙述的是一位经受失亲之痛的男子在孤苦无奈,心灰意冷的深夜与一只乌鸦邂逅并叙述的故事。
基调凄怆疑惧,源于不可逆转的绝望,随着乌鸦一声声“永不复生”而加深,直至绝望到无以复加的终行。
“永不复生”共重复了11次,它是乌鸦唯一的话语,既是它的名字,也是它对作者每一次询问的回答。
听起来既答非所问,又觉得非常应景。
它把一幕原本荒诞的对话推向了对生存价值的哲理叙述。
人至爱的一切不正像乌鸦聒噪的那样,一旦逝去便永不复生吗,12月的一个深夜,又黑又冷,这是叙述者凄苦难耐的心理写照。
正是这种心境引来了乌鸦,它枯立在指挥女神的塑像上,一次次地传达着冥界的讯息,一次次地用沙哑刺耳的“永不复生”的字眼戳啄着叙述者业已破碎的心,使他的灵魂沉入低徊飘荡的阴影之中。
在音韵的处理上,爱伦坡深入挖掘了英语在诗学上的潜力,大量使用了头韵、内韵和谐韵,对近似音走了精细而超常的排列。
每一节中。
都有一系列的短句构成长行,这样连续不断拍成流水行,只在行见换气。
极忠实的表现了叙述者低徊哀婉的语气,读起来如一步三叹~可以说《乌鸦》全篇字字珠玑,行行如哥,音韵处理上堪与唐诗《琵琶行》媲美。
哥特式文学首先盛行于18,19世纪的西方世界,旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为,“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作,而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中,在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”(刘守兰:55)。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱,埃德加?爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究,而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底,这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛,与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋,引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时,常对外部环境进行大力渲染,而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡,尤其是美丽尤物的死亡,将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题(Poe:133-140)”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则,并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格,本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象:年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子,他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛,但一切都是徒劳,他越看书,越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀;而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜,飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外,诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色,“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”(朱立元:489-490)。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景,可使读者感到压抑,从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外,它还具有象征意义。
在乌鸦出场时,悲伤的男子问它叫什么名字,乌鸦的回答就是“永远不再”,但当主人翁向乌鸦询问是否有良药以消除他心中对蕾诺的思念时,当他想知道是否能与蕾诺在遥远的天堂再次相会时,以及最后要求乌鸦离开小屋时,乌鸦都是通过“永远不再”作答,也正是这个词,使得男子陷入永恒的悲痛深渊。
2、场景设置读者可在开篇看到一幅夜半三更的凄厉画卷:阴森的气氛,令人毛骨悚然的场景,神秘而忧郁的男子,不祥的乌鸦……在阴郁而寒冷的午夜,除寒风的呼啸声与男子翻动书页的声音,周围的一切均可谓万籁俱寂,屋外的世界在夜的面纱笼罩之下,而屋内的狭小空间在昏暗的光线下显得忽明忽暗,突然一阵短暂的敲门声在他房门上叩响,但当他打开房门查看时,却不见敲门人,只有无情的黑夜与肆虐的狂风。
然而,当他回到屋内,之前的敲门声却再次响起,乌鸦在这时飞入他的房间,并栖息于他房门之上。
但为何选择午夜作为故事发生的时间,午夜意味着恐怖与神秘,各种幽灵与魔鬼总在此时出没。
这种令人发怵的氛围,为乌鸦的出场奠定了基调。
诗人将故事设置在一所幽僻而狭小的屋子里也是别有一番用心。
首先,狭小而封闭的空间对构建孤僻而隔世的哥特式恐怖气氛有着绝对的帮辅作用。
第二,小屋正是两位情侣的爱巢,这个屋子依旧如此,然而曾经的欢笑却随着女主人的香消玉殒而一去不返。
男子守着物是人非的屋子,睹物思人,是何等的悲伤。
如此设置场景会在读者心中引起共鸣,使读者对男子的同情之心油然而生。
《乌鸦》,作为一首以抑扬格八音部构建下完成的叙事体诗歌,读起来朗朗上口,具有极强的音感。
全诗在爱伦坡极具个性的语言风格营造中,描绘出一个非现实环境下的超自然氛围。
它讲述的是一个关于男主人翁痛失所爱的故事。
一个会说人类语言的乌鸦,来到一个刚刚失去心上致爱的男子身边。
男子正竭尽全力使自己走出这情感的阴霾,但乌鸦的到来却更加加重了男子的无限伤感。
任凭男子一再地反复询问,乌鸦的回复冷酷而让人绝望:永不复焉。
〈乌鸦〉(英语:The Raven,又译〈渡鸦〉),是美国作家埃德加?爱伦?坡所著的一首叙事诗,于1845年1月首次出版。
它的音调优美,措辞独具风格,诗句并有着超自然的氛围。
它讲述了一只会说话的渡鸦对一名发狂的恋人的神秘拜访,描[1][2]绘了这个男人缓慢陷入疯狂的过程。