2019届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解强化练习：(3)议论文(一)
议论文（一）A(2017届湖南省长沙市高三英语5月模拟)If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple—eat the same food as they do.Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them.During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats.And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time.The reason is thought to be socalled similarity attraction theory—where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves.But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship.Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food's role in earning trust.In a test, participants were told to watch TV—where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product.The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble, while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked.The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too.The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such.They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do.It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions from the start.”Harley Street psychologist Dr.Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust.But this was the first report that food had the same effect.She said, “This is really interesting.It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person.That means negotiations are more likely to be successful.”1．According to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who ________.A．has the same taste as themB．advertises his products on TVC．reduces the price of his productsD．pays attention to the quality of his products2．The experiments conducted by researchers at Chicago University show that ________.A．food plays an important role in earning people's trustB．bosses like employees that have the same taste as themC．people who have similar tastes to their boss's earn moreD．people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV3．What can be inferred from the passage?A．People who eat similar food are more likely to trust each other.B．People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things.C．The effect of wearing similar clothes hasn't been proved by researchers.D．People are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them.4．Which of the following sayings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory?A．Honesty is the best policy.B．All good things come to an end.C．Birds of a feather flock together.D．Where there is a will, there is a way.本文是一篇议论文，介绍了说服老板加薪的方法，论述了在食物方面品味接近的人容易产生信任。
1．A 细节理解题。
根据第二段的“And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time.”可知，A项正确。
2．A 细节理解题。
根据倒数第三段“The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too.”可知，A项正确。
3．A 推理判断题。
倒数第二段提到吃的东西相同或相似的两个人更容易获得对方的信任。
4．C 推理判断题。
本文论述了在食物方面品味接近的人容易产生信任，这与C项的“物以类聚”是一个道理，故选C。
B(2016年沈阳市高三教学质量检测一)When going through major life changes, like changing careers, I would change the people with whom I spent the most time.We've all gone through periods when the people in our lives have changed—graduation, moving to a new city, getting a new job, joining a new club, etc.I don't think I need to convince you just how much influence other people can have over your identity.If you've ever experienced a major switch in your people environment, then you know that you change as well.Most people don't make these choices consciously (意识到地) though.You might consciously decide to spend more time with a certain friend, or you may ask someone out on a date to begin a new relationship.But few people choose their existing friendships deliberately.There's no “getting rid of people”．People are always dropping into and out of each other's lives.Associations grow into friendships, and friendships fade into associations.You don't get rid of anyone.The truth is that in order to make room for new people and new experiences, you may need to loosen up some of your existing connections.What about loyalty (忠诚)? Shouldn't you always be loyal to your friends? Once you have a close friend, even if his influence on you is slightly harmful, shouldn't you stick by him?Loyalty to a friend sometimes means having to let go.It means being loyal to his highest and best self as well.If someone is destroying his health by smoking, for example, you aren't showing loyalty by smoking right along with him.True loyalty sometimes requires that you break damaging connections, get yourself back on solid ground, and then decide what you can really do to help your friend.It can take a lot of courage to tell someone, “I'm sorry, but I can't have you in m y life anymore.” But even though this might seem like a selfish act at times, it's often the best thing for the other person too.If a relationship is holding you back in some way, understand that it's also hurting the other person.For example, if you work for a violent boss, your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently.1．When experiencing major life changes, people may ________.A．join a new social communityB．influence their friends aroundC．choose their friendships purposelyD．have their people environment changed2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?A．Everyone has at least one friend.B．It is unnecessary to make new friends.C．Friendship still exists though there are fewer connections.D．You ought to treat your old and new friends equally.3．What is the author's opinion on the loyalty to friends?A．Never betray your close friends whatever happens.B．Correct their mistakes while you guard their goodness.C．Stick by your friends even though they do harm to you.D．Break up with your friends immediately if they smoke.4．How should we behave when employed by a violent boss?A．We should accept what we are told to do.B．We should stay silent and be in favour of him.C．We should bravely disobey him if he is wrong.D．We should give our boss courage to continue.本文是一篇议论文，讲述了人的一生会经历很多的改变，从而告诉我们：如何适应改变以及怎样做才是对朋友真正的忠诚。
2019高考英语全国III卷阅读理解(带解析)
A. Helen Mirren.B. Peter Morgan.
C. Dylan Baker.D. Stephen Daldry.
23. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?
A.Animals Out of Paper.B.The Audience.
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan，about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld，236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.)
2019届高考英语备考专题19阅读理解之议论文
2019届高考英语备考专题19 阅读理解之议论文1. 【·湖北卷】Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, makebombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not behelpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love,Character,and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers whohave failed to resist the temptation.Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t?To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines（学科）. Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. ButBrooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader’s attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about thetheory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.On the whole,Brooks’s sto ry is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest.I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on hisown. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, themore serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partlyinvolve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science.1.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passageto__________.A. illustrate where science can be appliedB. demonstrate the value of Brooks’s new bookC. remind the reader of the importance of scienceD. explain why many writers use science in their works2.According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?A. Its strong basis.B. Its convincing points.C. Its clear writing.D. Its memorable characters.3.What is the author’s general attitude towards the book?A. Contradictory.B. Supportive.C . Cautious.D. Critical.4.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?A. Problems with the book.B. Brooks’s life experience.C. Death of the characters.D. Brooks’s translation skills.2. 【·陕西】Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of prenatal involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child's class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic.The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(养育子女) where schools except them to act as partners in their children's education. Previousgenerations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed andready to learn.Kaith Robinson, the author of the study, said, "I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids'education that leads to declines in their academic performance. One of the thingsthat was consistently negative was parents' help with homework." Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the task." They mayeither not remember the material their kids are studying now, or in some cases neverlearnt it themselves, but they're still offering advice."Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the mostdamaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. Ingeneral, about 20% o f parental involvement was positive, about 45% n egative and the rest statistically insignificant.Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because "children with good academic success do have involved parents ", admitted Robinson. But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause ofthat success." A big surprise was that Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved. They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives."1. The underlined expression "parental involvement " in Paragraph 1 probably means .A. parents' expectation on children's healthB. parents' participation in children's educationC. parents' control over children's lifeD. parents' plan for children's future2. What is the major finding of Robinson's study ?A. Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.B. Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging.C. Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.D. Parents are not able to help wi th children’s homework.3. The example of Asian-American parents implies that parents should .A. help children realize the importance of schoolingB. set a specific life goal for their childrenC. spend more time improving their own livesD. take a more active part in school management3. 【·四川】Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers, But,according to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year. Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work.Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as＄172,000 a year.The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they areworking, to determine the figure. This would make t heir yearly income ￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.By analysing the numbers, it found the average mother works 119 hours a week,40of which would usually be paid at a standard rate and 79 hours as overtime. Afterquestioning 1,000 mothers with children under 18,it found that ,on most days, mums started their routine work at 7am and finished at around 11pm.To calculate just how much m others would earn from that labour, it suggested some of the roles that mums could take on, including housekeeper, part-time lawyer,personal trainer and entertainer. Being a part-time lawyer, at ￡48.98 an hour, would prove to be the most pro fitable of the “mum jobs”,with psychologist（心理学家）a close second.It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional（情感的） demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.Over a third of mums felt they needed more training and around half said they missed going out with friends.The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mother’s Day. The emotional ,physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can benever-ending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness. Investing（投入）in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent.1.How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?A.￡30,000.B.￡142,000.C.￡172,000.D.￡202,000.2.The biggest challenge for most mothers is from.A. emotional demandB. low pay for workC. heavy workloadD. lack of training3.What is stressed in the last paragraph?A. Mothers’importance shows i n family all year long.B. The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile.C. Mothers’devotion to children can hardly be calculated.D. Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return.4.What can we conclude from the study?A. Mothers’worki ng hours should be largely reduced.B. Mothers should balance their time for work and rest.C. Mothers’labour is of a higher value than it is realised.D .Mothers should be freed from housework for social life.4.【·天津】Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend.He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best adviceI’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to youraid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it wasseldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me f rom trying at all. On t he other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got myfeet on the ground again.Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you can eat. And there is nothingmysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy,skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than mostof us realize.Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent footballplayer, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes anddesperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet（子弹）—and stopped him cold.”Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments inlife; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries todo something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothingand succeeds.So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.1. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?A. He faced huge risks.B. He lacked mighty forces.C. Fear prevented him from trying.D. Failure blocked his way to success.2.What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?A. Swallow more than you can digest.B. Act slightly above your abilities.C. Develop more mysterious powers.D. Learn to make creative decisions.3. What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game?A. His physical strength.B. His basic skill.C. His real fear.D. His spiritual force.4. What can be learned from Paragraph 5?A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.B. Trying without success is meaningless.C. Repeated failure creates a better life.D. Boldness can be gained little by little.55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A. To encourage people to be courageous.B. To advise people to build up physical power.C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success.D. To recommend people to develop more abilities.。
2019版高考英语一轮复习精选题辑：专练(三) 说明文、议论文 Word版含解析
专练(三)说明文、议论文A(2018·东北三校二模)We have all heard of giant pandas, and know that they are endangered. When one has babies, it makes national news __1__，and pictures of their babies are __2__ circulated. But it now seems that the giant panda is not __3__ of itself.The lovely animals have __4__ a classic test of self-awareness. They cannot __5__ themselves in the mirror. Researchers use the mirror recognition test to __6__ whether children or animals have a __7__ of self-awareness.In the test, an animal is presented __8__ a mirror. Researchers then watch to see __9__ it notices a mark on its face, which is only __10__ in the mirror. If the animal notices the mark, it often __11__ it. Human children often pass the test when they are only two years old.Many other animals have passed the mirror test, including monkeys, Asian elephants and even pigeons. But when researchers tested pandas, __12__ of them did the same thing as those animals did. __13__，each panda behaved as if their __14__ in the mirror was another panda altogether. They acted as if they were __15__ by what they saw in the mirror, scratching their feet and walking __16__.The __17__ of this research will help design better areas for animals in captivity (圈养). For example, one-directional glass sometimes used in the areas may __18__ pandas to feel stressed when they see their own image in the __19__. That's because they might believe it to be another panda, __20__ themselves.1．A.papers B．coversC．headlines D．pages2．A.widely B．popularlyC．especially D．completely3．A.shy B．fondC．conscious D．confident4．A.failed B．ignoredC．faced D．conducted5．A.observe B．discoverC．recognize D．understand6．A.believe in B．find outC．pick out D．take in7．A.sense B．questionC．opinion D．thought8．A.for B．withC．in D．before9．A.how B．whenC．why D．whether10．A.touchable B．seeableC．sensible D．possible11．A.dismisses B．admitsC．feels D．moves12．A.all B．mostC．one D．none13．A.Thus B．HoweverC．Instead D．Still14．A.reaction B．reflectionC．operation D．imagination15．A.trapped B．amazedC．threatened D．teased16．A.backwards B．aloneC．forwards D．along17．A.failure B．outcomeC．success D．review18．A.cause B．prepareC．accelerate D．urge19．A.eyes B．cagesC．zoo D．glass20．A.other than B．regardless ofC．because of D．rather than【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。
2025届人教版(2019)高中英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练课件：话题12良好的人际关系与社会交往
While the recall of both adults and children are easy to react to suggestion， the memories of children are known to be particularly influenced，said lead researcher Sara Broaders of Northwestern University.Kids are used to looking to adults to tell events for them and can be misled even if not intentionally(故意地).
高考题型通关
2.The underlined word “enumerating” in paragraph 6 may mean “ ”.
A.considering
B.judging
√C.numbering
D.discussing
解析 词义猜测题。由第六段首句以及画线词后面的“...it’s better to use each
of your fingers as you mention each item to help your audience keep track”可
知C项正确。
高考题型通关
3.What’s the author’s suggestion if you have a larger crowd to communicate with?
2019年高考英语母题题源系列 阅读理解(议论类)
专题阅读理解（议论类）【母题来源一】【2019·天津卷，D】Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.Many of us equate（视……等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________.A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativityB. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goalC. misery inspires a man to fight against his fateD. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？A. End one's struggle for liberty. ..B. Waste one's energy taking risks.C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.B. A wise man can live without self-pityC. A man should try to satisfy people around him.D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
高三英语阅读理解专题三---议论文带答案
高三英语阅读理解专题三------议论文1文体特点：写法一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为……写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题写法三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。
这是高考中常考的体裁，内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。
在这类体裁的文章中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。
此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多，这也是得分比较难的题型。
在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。
解题方法：1.把握文章的论点、论据和论证。
此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。
2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点；或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。
考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。
3. 推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。
推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。
考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。
主旨大意题解题方法：一、题型解读及思维导向：主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。
通常以概括文章或段落大意以及选择标题等形式出现。
主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题，能够拉开考生的分数差距，所以此类题目在高考试题中具有很好的选拔作用，属于能力型题目。
主旨大意题一般分为三类，即标题归纳类、文章大意类和段落大意类。
二、命题区间及读文关注点1．文首、段首、段尾句：一般来说，阅读文章中第一段首句往往是强开弱收型文章中心思想的表达处；第二段首句或第一段尾句往往是转开弱收型文章的主题句所在；而有时每段的段首句、段尾句是该段的段落主题句。
因此，解答主旨大意题时要对这些地方多加关注。
2019届高三英语考前大题精炼：阅读理解 议论文(附解析)
2019届高三英语考前大题精炼：阅读理解 议论文（附解析）A【2018·全国II 】We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What ’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourse lf among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deeprelationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begi ns with small talk,” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experi ence. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.1. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.2. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.3. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.4. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable SilenceB【2018·江苏】In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有）a special meat soup called consomme. Although the main attractionwas the soup, Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and tastier.Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn’t tell how much they’d had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser—th ey didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places. fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特). When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out. Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding, high prices —don’t necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned about ‘bad tables,’ given that they’re profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation, su ggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet’s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.5. The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were .A. not aware of eating more than usualB. not willing to share food with othersC. not conscious of the food qualityD. not fond of the food provided6. How could a fine dining shop make more profit?A. Playing classical music.B. Introducing lemon scent.C. Making the light brighter,D. Using plates of larger size.7. What does the last paragraph talk about?A. Tips to attract more customers.B. Problems restaurants are faced with.C. Ways to improve restaurants' reputation.D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.A【中原名校2018-2019学年高三第四次质量考评英语试题】I have an entrepreneur friend, Arthur, who always wears a suit. I take the mick that I’ve never seen him in casual clothes and his response is: “The suit is the uniform of business.”But in my business, the uniform has often been torn jeans and glitter or computer programmer T-shirts. Either way, work clothing can be flexible, as long as it’s appropriate. At WAH Nails, many of the team say that one of the special benefits is that they don’t have to suppress(抑制) their identity at work. But when we opened in a new location, I thought we needed a uniform to make the nail artists easily identifiable. In the team meeting showing potential branded T-shirts, one of the artists, Holli, said sheepishly: “But when I’m wearing a plain black logo T-shirt, I just don’t feel my‘Stylebrat’ self.” (Stylebrat is her Instagram name.) She was right. We hired women with unique taste, so why was I trying to turn them into a homogenous(同类的) worker army? We got rid of the shirts and everyone was relieved.On the other hand, without a uniform or loose dress code, I personally struggle to keep the style bar high every day. I love going into offices where I see that the founder has a distinct style that has moved slowly down to the team. In the fashion industry especially, this appropriation of crew style shows harmonious, which is essential for business success. Work clothing can unite you in your goals. It also removes distraction.I have no hesitation wearing the same (clean) outfit two days in a row. I’d say my look is Busy Working Style Mom, mixing sportswear with suiting. I have 10 black jackets that I pair with one of 20 blue Zara jeans. Sometimes you’re just there to get the job done, not to worry a lot about your appearance.8. What is the clothing style of the staff at WAH Nails?A. It is formal.B. It is fashionable.C. It is characteristic.D. It is traditional.9. What does the paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A.A style loved by all workers in a company.B. The benefits of wearing a uniform in work.C. The importance of the founders’ taste in fashion.D. The importance of a friendly atmosphere in business.10. What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph?A. Women should have their own style.B. Workers can wear jeans instead of dresses.C. People can wear the same clothes for several days.D. People should not care too much about their appearance.11. Who may the text be intended for?A. Artists.B. Computer programmers.C. Working staff.D. Women teachers.B【江苏省南通泰州七市2019届高三第一次调研考试】When a driver slams on the brakes to avoid hitting a pedestrian crossing the road illegally, she is making a moral decision that shifts risk from the pedestrian to the people in the car. Self-driving cars might soon have to make such ethical (道德的)judgments on their own — but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task, suggests a survey.The largest ever survey of machine ethics, called the Moral Machine, laid out 13 possible situations in which someone’s death was unavoidable. Respondents wereasked to choose who to spare in situations that involved a mix of variables: young or old, rich or poor, more people or fewer. Within 18 months, the online quiz had recorded 40 million decisions made by people from 233 countries and territories.When the researchers analysed these answers, they found that the nations could be divided into three groups. One contains North America and several European nations where Christianity has been the dominant (占支配地位的)religion; another includes countries such as Japan, Indonesia and Pakistan, with strong Confucian or Islamic traditions. A third group consists of countries in Central and South America, such as Colombia and Brazil. The first group showed a stronger preference for sacrificing older lives to save younger ones than did the second group, for example.The researchers also identified relationships between social and economic factors in a country. They found that people from relatively wealthy countries with strong institutions, such as Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally than did respondents in nations with weaker institutions, such as Nigeria or Pakistan.People rarely face such moral dilemmas, and some cities question whether the possible situations posed in the online quiz are relevant to the ethical and practical questions surrounding driverless cars. But the researchers argue that the findings reveal cultural differences that governments and makers of self-driving cars must take into account if they want the vehicles to gain public acceptance.At least Barbara Wege, who heads a group working on autonomous-vehicle ethics at Audi in Ingolstadt, Germany, says such studies are valuable. Wege argues that self-driving cars would cause fewer accidents, proportionally, than human drivers do each year—but that people might focus more on events involving robots.Surveys such as the Moral Machine can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents that might develop trust. “We need to come up with a social consensus,” she says, “about which risks we are willing to take.”12．Why is it difficult to set universal moral rules for programming self-driving cars? A．Social values always change with the times.B．Moral choices vary between different cultures.C．Drivers have a preference for sacrificing the weak.D．Car makers are faced with decisions of life or death.13．The researchers conducted the study by_____.A．using a massive online quiz worldwideB．comparing different cultures and customsC．dividing the respondents into three groupsD．performing a series of controlled experiments14．According to the study, in which country are drivers more likely to hit a pedestrian crossing the road illegally?A．Nigeria B．ColombiaC．Finland D．Indonesia15．Barbara Wege would probably agree that _____.A．Self-driving cars will greatly improve the traffic environmentB．Accidents caused by self-driving cars might receive more attention C．Problems involving self-driving cars might shake the public trust in society D．Car makers needn’t take the risk of solving self-driving car ethical dilemmasC【2017·江苏卷】 A new commodity brings about a highly profitable，fast-growing industry, urging antitrust (反垄断) regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants (巨头) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants’ success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.But there is cause for concern. The Internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger (兼并)，for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets (资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of online services have over data and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forcedto reveal to consumers what information they hold and how much money they make from it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users’ consent.Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments don't want a data economy controlled by a few giants, they must act soon.16. Why is there a call to break up giants?A. They have controlled the data market.B. They collect enormous private data.C. They no longer provide free services.D. They dismissed some new-born giants.17. What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?A. Data giants’ technology is very expensive.B. Google’s idea is popular among data firms.C. Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position.D. Data can be turned into new services or products.18. By paying atten tion to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could ________.A. kill a new threatB. avoid the size trapC. favour bigger firmsD. charge higher prices19. What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?A. Big companies could relieve data security pressure.B. Governments could relieve their financial pressure.C. Consumers could better protect their privacy.D. Small companies could get more opportunities.D【2017·天津卷】I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours? To understand the issue, let’s take a look at three types of “waits”.The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池) as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it’s full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wandersabout until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged noodle soup required a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific. “Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.”I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you’res tanding at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. You’re probably just as busy as the next guy.20. While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to ___________.A. keep ourselves busyB. get absent-mindedC. grow anxiousD. stay focused21. What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait?A. The Forced Wait requires some self-control.B. The Forced Wait makes people passive.C. The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.D. The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.22. What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait?A. It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait.B. It doesn’t always bring the desired result.C. It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait.D. It doesn’t give people faith and hope.23. What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?A. Take it seriously.B. Don’t rely on others.C. Do something else.D. Don’t lose heart.24. The author supports his view by _________.A. exploring various causes of “waits”.B. describing detailed processes of “waits”.C. analyzing different categories of “waits”D. revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”精选大题【答案】1-4 CBDC【解析】这是一篇议论文。
高考英语复习32：议论文类阅读理解
高考英语复习32：议论文类阅读理解一、阅读理解1. ( 8分) （2019·北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams (欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it's too little, too late. By the time these "solutions" (解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human—sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches (数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother's name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's, ricking you into "confirming" your address, mother's name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.（1）How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?A.PanickedB.ConfusedC.EmbarrassedD.Disappointed（2）taking advantage of the new technologies, scammer can ________.A.aim at victims preciselyB.damage databases easilyC.start campaigns rapidlyD.spread information widely（3）What does the passage imply?A.Honesty is the best policy.B.Technologies can be double-edited.C.There are more solutions than problems.D.Credibility holds the key to development.（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Where the Problem of Robocalls Is RootedB.Who Is to Blame for the Problem of RobocallsC.Why Robocalls Are About to Get More DangerousD.How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology2. ( 8分) （2019·江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
人教版2019版高考英语一轮选训习题：模块3U1及答案 Word版含解析
2019版译林牛津高考英语一轮选训习题--模块3U1及答案一、阅读理解。
Sometimes, you just can't help it. Maybe you're watching a sad movie, or thinking about the friend who moved away. Next thing you know, there's a lump in your throat, your eyes are watering, and you have tears running down your cheeks.A professor of psychology at Tilburg University, in the Netherlands,has studiedcrying.According to Vingerhoets, there're three types of tears. Basal tears are the first type. They act as a protective barrier between the eye and the rest of the world.Next are reflex tears. They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them. Finally, there're emotional tears. “These are released in response to emotional states,” explains Vingerhoets.Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other. “Humans are very complex social creatures,” says Lauren Bylsma, a professor from Pittsburgh University, in Pennsylvania. “It seems that tears can make them get help and support from others.”She says another reason why we weep is that humans have the longest developmental period of almost any animal. It takes a long time to grow up.Vingerhoets agrees. “I think that the reason why humans shed(流出)emotional tears has to do with our prolonged(延长的) childhood,” he says. “That's the time when we're still dependent on adults for love,protection and care. The major advantage of tears is that you can target them at a specific person.”Vingerhoets says this ability could have come in handy in prehistoric times, when humans were living among dangerous animals. Loud crying could attract predators(捕食者). Tears were a safer way to get attention. “In this case, it's better to use a silent signal to ask for help,” he says. Vingerhoets and Bylsma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry.1.The tears mentioned in Paragraph 1 should belong to ________.A.basal tearsB.reflex tearsC.happy tearsD.emotional tears2.What is Vingerhoets' attitude to the effects of tears?A.Passive.B.Positive.C.Doubtful.D.Indifferent.3.The underlined phrase of “a silent signal” probably refers to ________.A.a written languageB.predatorsC.tearsD.loud crying4.What is the best title of the text?A.Types of TearsB.Precious TearsC.Secrets of TearsD.On Tears参考答案： 1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.C解析： 1.[推理判断题。
2019年高考英语阅读理解一轮练(8)(含解析)
2019年高考英语阅读理解一轮练（8）李仕才AA recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children. Although rather shocking, it should not surprise anyone who has seen the doggy parlours(客厅) where loved pets rest. Are Americans unique in treating their little friends in this way? No, the English, too, pay more attention to their pets.This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods，which often contain more vitamins than human food. They certainly cost much. Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, to say nothing of veterinary bills or animal furniture. It is difficult not to feel angry about this when considering what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, so it’s not unusual for me to get hot under collar when I read an old man left all his money to his dog instead of his children.There are a variety of reasons why I find pets-raising alarming. They cause physical problems. An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets. Many people find this funny, but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. Animals can cause disease, too. It is the threat of babies — a disease with no known cure.Another problem is the carelessness of pet owners. Most little children want a dog or a cat，and they continually push their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the ＂sweet little thing＂ has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on ＂Rover＂ or ＂Bonzo＂. Then they just abandon it. As a result, they are allowed to run free. English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someone’s pet and you must have read of children being hurt by some pets of their own.Lastly, I would only suggest that we have got our priorities wrong and that something should be done about it. In my view, it’s time we stopped being sentimental about pets. I can see no reason why we should get upset when animals are cut up formedical experiments. This will lead us to discovering cures for serious human diseases, then I say,＂keep cutting!＂1. The doggy parlours are mentioned in the 1st paragraph to show ________.A. what costly lives the pets are livingB. where Americans keep their petsC. why children love their pets so muchD. how much pets depend on their masters2. In the second paragraph ＂to get hot under the collar＂ probably means ________.A. getting quite hotB. becoming excitedC. feeling extremely angryD. receiving a fashionable shirt3. According to the author, in which field can animals be most useful?A. Food.B. Sports.C. Entertainment.D. Medicine.4. What is the author’s attitude towards pets-raising?A. Sympathetic.B. Opposed.C. Pitiful.D. Supportive.【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。