考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记(九)

TEXT 2

To paraphrase 18th century statesman Edmund Burke, all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing. One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.

For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to

know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do, she replied, Then I would have to say yes. Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.Such well meaning people just don't understand.

Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.

Much can be done.Scientists could adopt middle school classes and present their own research.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause

not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.

46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to .

A．call on scientists to take some actions

B．criticize the misguided cause of animal rights

C．warn of the doom of biomedical research

D．show the triumph of the animal rights movement

47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is .

A．cruel but natural

B．inhuman and unacceptable

C．inevitable but vicious

D．pointless and wasteful

48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's .

A．discontent with animal research

B．ignorance about medical science

C．indifference to epidemics

D．anxiety about animal rights

49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should .

A．communicate more with the public

B．employ hi-tech means in research

C．feel no shame for their cause

D．strive to develop new cures

50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is .

A．a well-known humanist

B．a medical practitioner

C．an enthusiast in animal rights

D．a supporter of animal research

acquire7 v.①取得，获得，占有；②学到

action11 n.①行动，行为；②动作，活动；③（on）作用

adopt4 v.①采用，采纳，通过；②收养

anxiety3 n.①挂念，焦虑，焦急，忧虑；②渴望，热望

appearance3 n.①出现，出场，露面；②外表，外貌，外观

argument6 n.①争论，辨认；②论据，论点，理由

assure2 v.①使确信，使放心；②保证，担保

author69 n.①作者；②创始人

biology4 n.生物学

booth1 n.电话亭，货摊

brochure1 n.小册子

bypass1 n.旁路，迂回的旁道

cause28 n.①原因，理由；②事业，事件，奋斗目标；v.使产生，引起

challenge10 n.①挑战（书）；②艰巨任务，难题；v.向...挑战

communicate3 v.①传达，传送；②交流；③通讯，通话

community17 n.①同一地区的全体居民，社会，社区；②共同体，团体

confuse9 v.使混乱，混淆

connection2 n.联系，连接

criticize3 v.批评，评论

depend16 v.（on）取决于，依靠，信赖，相信

distribute1 v.①分发，分配；②分布；③配（电）；④（over）散布

doom2 n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定

editor2 n.编辑，编者

encourage13 v.鼓励，怂恿

epidemic1 a.①流行性的；②传染的；n.①流行病；②传播

extinguish1 v.熄灭，扑灭

fair9 a.①公平的，合理的；②相当的，尚好的；③晴朗的；

④金发的；n.集市，交易会，博览会

fur1 n.毛，毛皮

harm2 n./v.伤害，损害，危害

hip2 n.髋部；a.时髦的

ignorance1 n.①无知，愚昧；②不知道

inevitable5 a.不可避免的，必然发生的

institution4 n.①公共机构，协会，学校；②制度，惯例

knowledge15 n.①知识，学识；②知道，了解

laboratory3 n.实验室

lest3 conj.惟恐，免得

means32 n.方法，手段

mislead4 v.把...带错路，使误入歧途

oppose7 v.反对，反抗

perplex2 v.使困惑，使费解，使复杂化

personality9 n.①人格，个性；②人物，名人

practitioner2 n.从业者，开业者

present16 a.①出席的，到场的；②现在的，目前的；n.①现在，目前；②礼物，赠品；v.①赠（送），呈献；②介绍，陈述；③提出，呈交；④上演

process34 n.①过程，进程；②工序，制作法；③工艺；v.加工，处理

recruit1 v.招募（新兵），招收（新成员）；n.新兵，新成员

replacement1 n.取代，替换，替换物，代替物

respond8 v.①回答，答复；②（to）响应

school44 n.①学校；②（大学里的）学院，系；③学派，流派

science58 n.①科学；②学科

setting6 n.①安置，安装；②（日，月的）沉落；③（固定东西的）柜架底座；④环境，背景

staff5 n.①全体职工，全体人员；②杠，棒；③参谋部；v.配备工作人员

statement7 n.声明，陈述

statesman1 n.政治家

strive5 v.奋斗，努力

target5 n.目标，对象，靶子；vt.以...为目标

tend26 v.①趋向，往往是；②照料，看护

theory20 n.①理论，原理；②学说，见解，看法；③看法，观点

threaten8 v.①恐吓，威胁；②有...危险，快要来临

triumph4 n.胜利，成功；v.得胜，战胜

ultimate2 a.①最后的，最终的；②根本的

vicious1 a.恶毒的，凶残的，邪恶的

advance10 v.①前进，进展；②推进，促进；③提出（建议等）；④提前；n.①前进，进展；②预付，预支

advocate13 n.提倡者，鼓吹者；v.提倡，鼓吹allegation1 n.主张，断言，辩解biomedical2 a.生物医学的

citizenry2 n.公民或市民（集合称）compassionate1 a.有同情心的courageous1 a.勇敢的，有胆量的

cruelty1 n.残忍，残酷

deceptive2 a.欺骗性的

deliberately1 ad.故意地

discontent2 n.不满

ember1 n.灰烬，余烬

enthusiast1 n.热心家，狂热者

funding6 n.基金，资金

humane1 a.仁慈的，人道的，人文的humanist1 n.人道主义者，人文主义者immunization1 n.使免除，使免疫indifference2 n.不关心，冷漠

inhuman1 a.野蛮的

leader10 n.

misinformation1 n.报错，错误的消息molecular2 a.分子的，由分子组成的paraphrase1 v.解释；n.解释

pointless1 a.无意义的

stakeholder1 n.股东，赌金保管者

treatment7 n.待遇，对待，处理，治疗

unacceptable2 a.无法接受的，不受欢迎的

unaware3 a.不知道的，没觉察到的

unchallenged1 a.未受到挑战的，未引起争论的，不成问题的

uninformed1 a.未被通知的，无知的，未受教育的

vaccination1 n.种痘，接种疫苗

vaccine2 a.疫苗的，牛痘的；n.疫苗

难句1

To paraphrase 18th century statesman Edmund Burke, all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.

［结构分析］

1. 本句主要部分是直接引语，直接引语的句子主干部分是：... all ... is + that引导的表语从句；

2. all后面的that引导定语从句，修饰all；

3. is后面的that引导表语从句；

［本句难点］主要是直接引语中两个that和两个is影响理解；

［方法对策］分清直接引语中的主干和修饰成分就比较好理

解本句了；

［例句精译］18世纪政治家爱德蒙·博克曾说过类似这样的话，好人的沉默和旁观，就可以导致坏人事业的胜利。

难句2

Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.

［结构分析］

1. 本句主干部分是：Scientists need to respond ... to animal rights advocates... ；

2. 逗号后面是whose引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰：animal rights advocates；

3. 此定语从句中，主语是whose arguments，谓语是are，宾语是and连接的confusing和threatening；

［本句难点］主要是定语从句的影响;

［方法对策］抓住主句，然后再理解从句，注意定语从句中的and连接的两个单词confusing和threatening；

［例句精译］科学家应该对这些动物权利鼓吹者做出强有力的回击，因为他们的言论混淆公众视听，从而威胁到卫生知识和卫生服务的进步。

难句3

For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an

animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines.

［结构分析］

1. 本句主干结构是：... a ... woman ... was distributing a brochure ... ；

2. woman后面的现在分词短语staffing an animal rights booth是woman的后置定语；

3. brochure后面的that引导定语从句，修饰a brochure；

4.anything后面的that引导定语从句，修饰anything；

［本句难点］主要是从句关系和修饰成分比较复杂；

［方法对策］找出句子主干，然后再分析从句和其他修饰成分；

［例句精译］例如，在近期的一次集市上，一位老奶奶站在动物权利宣传点前散发小册子，规劝人们不要使用动物制品和动物实验制品--肉类，毛皮，药物。

难句4

To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.

［结构分析］

1. 本句主干结构是：... animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst；

2. To those后面的who引导定语从句，修饰those，此定语从句中包含一个that引导的宾语从句；

［本句难点］从句关系复杂；

［方法对策］找出句子主干，然后再分析其他成分；

［例句精译］许多人不明白获得这些新的治疗方法和疫苗都必须进行动物实验。对于他们来说，动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍。

难句5

Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.

［结构分析］

1. 本句主干结构是：... the health research community should ... recruit to its cause not only ... but ... ；

2. 句首的because引导的分句作状语，表示原因；

3. Stephen Cooper后面是一个who引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明Stephen Cooper的情况；

4.最后一个分句中who引导定语从句修饰all；

［本句难点］从句关系复杂，主句比较长；

［方法对策］找出句子主干，然后再分析其他成分，注意because引导的句子为状语，表原因；

［例句精译］最后，因为最终决定因素是病人，医疗研究机构不仅应该积极争取像史蒂芬·库博这样的名人的支持--他对动物实验的价值勇敢地进行了肯定--而且应该争取所有接受治疗的病人的支持。

46.［答案］A

［解析］本文指出，为了保护大多数人类（甚至动物类）而进行的一些医学研究（比如疫苗，生产新的药品等等）需要拿有些动物进行试验。而在某些动物保护分子看来，这样做是不人道和残忍的，应该禁止。其实，他们十分的伪善：如果没有疫苗和新药，流行病传播时听任人类（甚至牲畜类）大批死亡岂不是更加残忍和不道德？所以，作者一开始引用18世纪一位政治家的话说：好人的沉默和旁观，就可以造成坏人的胜利。现在，有那么一种坏事正企图得逞。那就是一些极端分子鼓吹的不准拿动物来进行医学试验。由此可见，作者引用那位政治家的话语的目的是：A.号召科学家采用行动来反击！（而不仅仅是批评他们）。大家记住，选项时，一定不要忘记把题干加上去一块儿考虑，不要光看A、B、C、D四个选项，那样太片面！（cause n.原因;v.引起;n.事业:此处为第三个意思）。

47.［答案］B

［解析］他们认为动物试验A：是虽残忍但也是很自然的事，B：不人道而且不可接受的C：是不可避免但却有点邪恶，D：没有意义和纯属浪费的。综上可知，只有B项语气最为否定和激烈，应该正是他们的态度。

48.［答案］B

［解析］那位老奶奶天真地认为，不用动物试验仅用计算机就可以解决疫苗和新药问题。可见这反映了一些善良人们的无知（本段末句）。故选B。

49.［答案］A

［解析］老奶奶下面这两段接着谈了科学家们应该怎么办？应该：多与公众沟通，多进行中学课堂式的大众科普活动。故本题选A。

50.［答案］D

［解析］如果末段不能完全看懂，仅从Stephen Cooper 后边的定语从句即可判断他是一个动物试验的支持者。

18世纪政治家爱德蒙·博克曾说过类似这样的话，好人的沉默和旁观，就可以导致坏人事业的胜利。这种情形现在正在发生，他们正在寻求终止生物医学的研究，因为有这样一种理论说，动物享有权利禁止它们被用于实验。科学家应该对这些动物权利鼓吹者做出强有力的回击，因为他们的言论混淆公众视听，从而威胁到卫生知识和卫生服务的进步。动物权利运动的将矛头指向生物医学研究，原因在于它依赖公共资金的资助，并且很少有人懂得医学研究的过程。当人们听

到医学实验虐待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物。

例如，在近期的一次集市上，一位老奶奶站在动物权利宣传点前散发小册子，规劝人们不要使用动物制品和动物实验制品--肉类，毛皮，药物。当被问到她是否反对免疫接种时，她问疫苗是否来自动物实验。当被告知的确如此，她回答道，那么我不得不说，是的，我反对接种。当问她瘟疫爆发怎么办时，她说，不用担心，科学家会找到一种方法，用计算机来解决问题。这些善良的人们就是不明白这个道理。

科学家必须把他们的意思传达给公众，并且要使用富有感情和通俗易懂的语言，即用人性化的语言，而不是使用分子生物学的语言。我们需要说明动物实验与祖母的髋骨更换、父亲的心脏搭桥、婴儿的免疫接种、甚至宠物的注射针剂都密切相关。许多人不明白获得这些新的治疗方法和疫苗都必须进行动物实验。对于他们来说，动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍。

有很多事情可以做。科学家可以采用中学课堂的教学方式来展示他们的研究。他们应该对报刊的读者来信及时做出回应，以防止动物权利的欺骗性言论在毫无质疑的情况下猖獗盛行，从而获得一副真理的面容。科研机构应该对外开放，让人参观，向人们展示实验室里的动物获得了人道的对待。最后，因为最终决定因素是病人，医疗研究机构不仅应该积极争取像史蒂芬·库博这样的名人的支持--他对动物实验的价值勇敢地进行了肯定--而且应该争取所有接受治疗的病

人的支持。如果好人无所作为，一群不明真相的公众真的有可能扑灭医学进步的宝贵火种。

46. 作者引用爱德蒙·博克的话是为了。

A．号召科学家行动起来（反击）

B．批评强调动物权利的错误事业

C．警告生物医学研究要失败

D．显示动物权利运动的胜利

47. 被误导的人们往往认为：在研究中使用动物。

A．残忍但正常

B．不人道、不可接受

C．不可避免但邪恶

D．没有意义、纯属浪费

48. 老太太的例子是用来表示公众。

A．对动物研究不满

B．对医疗科学无知

C．对流行病漠不关心

D．担心动物的权利

49. 作者认为，面对来自动物权利倡导者的挑战，科学家应该。

A．多与公众交流

B．在研究中采用高科技手段

C．不要因为他们的事业而感到羞愧

D．努力研发新治疗方法

50. 从本文我们了解到：史蒂芬·库博是。

A．的人道主义者

B．医学实践家

C．动物权利的热心支持者

D．动物研究的支持者

考试大编辑祝考研人梦想成真！

【

Word 是学生和职场人士最常用的一款办公软件之一，99.99%的人知道它，但其实，这个软件背后，还有一大批隐藏技能你不知道。掌握他们，你将开启新世界的大门。

Tab+Enter,在编过号以后，会自动编号段落

Ctrl + D调出字体栏，配合Tab+Enter全键盘操作吧

Ctrl + L 左对齐，Ctrl + R 右对齐，Ctrl + E 居中

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考研英语：阅读理解之八大考点考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所读材料，考生应能： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，共20小题，每小题2分，共40分一、

1.提问方式： 1)直接提问(Main idea型) ?The text intends to express the idea that. . . ?We can draw a conclusion from the text that. . . ?What is the passage mainly about? ?The passage is mainly. ?From the passage we learn that. . . ?The passage is mainly about. . . ?he key point of the passage is that. . . ?This passage mainly deals with. . . ?The main point the author makes in the passage is. ?What does this passage mainly discuss? ?The general/ main/ central idea of the passage is. ?The passage is primarily concerned with. . . 2)给文章定标题 The best title for the text may be. . . Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?' A best title for the passage could be. A best title for the passage might be. This passage can be entitled. . . 3)提问写作目的( Purpose型) ?The article is written to explain. ?The purpose of the passage is. ?This passage is intended to… 2.解题技巧： 1) ①.重点读文章的首段开头部分，如果文章中有这样的主旨句，那么再看四个选择项，如其中一项所含的信息同主旨句中的信息相似，该项即为正确答案 ②.重点读各段的开头和结尾，四个选项中能涵盖文章各段内容的一项，就是正确答案