胰腺癌治疗进展英文
癌症治疗的英语
癌症治疗的英语Cancer TreatmentCancer is a devastating disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a complex condition that can take many forms, affecting various organs and tissues in the body. The treatment of cancer has been a subject of intense research and medical advancement, with a range of therapies and approaches available to healthcare professionals.One of the most common forms of cancer treatment is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy involves the use of powerful drugs that target and destroy rapidly dividing cancer cells. These drugs are administered intravenously or orally, and they can be used alone or in combination with other treatments. Chemotherapy can be effective in treating a wide range of cancers, but it can also have significant side effects, such as nausea, fatigue, and hair loss.Another common form of cancer treatment is radiation therapy. Radiation therapy uses high-energy particles or waves, such as X-rays or protons, to destroy cancer cells. This treatment can be targeted to specific areas of the body, minimizing the impact onhealthy tissues. Radiation therapy can be used alone or in combination with other treatments, such as chemotherapy or surgery.Surgery is another important component of cancer treatment. In some cases, the removal of the cancerous tumor or affected tissue can be an effective way to treat the disease. Surgery can be used to remove the primary tumor, as well as any nearby lymph nodes or other affected areas. In some cases, surgery may be combined with other treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, to improve the overall effectiveness of the treatment.In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the field of targeted cancer therapies. These therapies are designed to target specific genetic or molecular changes that are associated with the development and progression of cancer. Targeted therapies can be more effective and have fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy drugs, as they are more specifically targeted to the cancer cells.One example of a targeted therapy is immunotherapy. Immunotherapy works by stimulating the body's own immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. This can be done through the use of various types of immune system modulators, such as checkpoint inhibitors or CAR-T cell therapy. Immunotherapy has shown promising results in the treatment of a variety of cancers, andit is an area of active research and development.Another emerging area of cancer treatment is personalized medicine. Personalized medicine involves the use of genetic and molecular testing to identify the specific characteristics of an individual's cancer, and then tailoring the treatment plan accordingly. This approach can help to ensure that the most effective and appropriate treatments are used for each patient, and can also help to minimize the risk of side effects.Despite the significant advancements in cancer treatment, the disease remains a major challenge for healthcare professionals and researchers. Many cancers are still difficult to treat, and the side effects of treatment can be debilitating for patients. Additionally, the high cost of some of the newer cancer treatments can be a barrier to access for many patients.In conclusion, the treatment of cancer is a complex and multifaceted field that involves a range of therapies and approaches. From traditional chemotherapy and radiation therapy to newer targeted therapies and personalized medicine, healthcare professionals are constantly working to improve the outcomes and quality of life for cancer patients. While significant progress has been made, there is still much work to be done to fully understand and effectively treat this devastating disease.。
胰腺疾病(英文)课件
Monitoring changes
Regular follow-up exams can help monitor the progress of pancreatic diseases and adjust treatment plans accordingly.
acute pancreatitis
急性胰腺炎是一种突发的、严重 的胰腺炎症，通常由过量饮酒、 暴饮暴食、胆结石或其他因素引
起。
主要症状包括上腹部剧痛、恶心 、呕吐、发热和黄疸。
严重病例可能导致多器官功能衰 竭和死亡。
chronic pancreatitis
慢性胰腺炎是一种长期慢性的 胰腺炎症，通常由急性胰腺炎 反复发作或长期饮酒引起。
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Байду номын сангаасThe anatomy and physiology of the pancreas
The anatomical structure of the pancreas
The pancreas is a long, narrow organ that lies across the back of the abdominal cavity, behind the
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英语常见疾病英文 (1).docx
常见疾病Common Diseases1.癌症cancer2.肠癌cancer of the intestine3.肺癌lung cancer4.肝癌liver cancer5.食管癌cancer of esophagus6.胃癌gastric carcinoma7.胰腺癌cancer of the pancreas8.子宫颈癌cancer of the cervix9.鼻炎rhinitis10.鼻窦炎sinusitis11.扁桃体炎tonsillitis12.病毒性心肌炎viral myocarditis13.肠胃炎enterogastritis14.胆囊炎cholecystitis15.蜂窝组织炎cellulitis16.风湿性关节炎rheumarthritis17.腹膜炎peritonitis18.关节炎arthritis19.肺炎pneumonia20.睾丸炎orchitis21.宫颈炎cervicitis22.巩膜炎scleritis23.过敏性鼻炎allergic rhinitis24.喉炎laryngitis25.急性胃炎acute gastritis26.脊髓灰质炎poliomyelitis/ infantile paralysis27.甲沟炎paronychia28.角膜炎keratitis29.腱鞘炎tenosynovitis30.接触性皮炎dermatitis31.结肠炎colitis32.结膜炎conjunctivitis33.口角炎angular stomatitis34.泪腺炎dacryoadenitis35.流行性脑膜炎epidemic encephalitis36.流行性腮腺炎mumps37.流行性乙型肝炎epidemic hepatitis B38.阑尾炎appendicitis39.卵巢炎oophoritis40.面神经炎facial neuritis41.脑膜炎cerebral meningitis42.黏膜炎catarrh43.尿道炎urethritis44.膀胱炎urocystitis45.盆腔炎pelvic inflammatory disease46.皮炎dermatitis47.气管炎tracheitis48.前列腺炎prostatitis49.乳腺炎mastitis50.腮腺炎parotiditis51.神经炎neuritis52.神经性皮炎neurodermatitis53.肾炎nephritis54.肾盂肾炎pyelonephritis55.食管炎esophagus56.输卵管炎salpingitis57.外耳炎otitis externa58.胃炎gastritis59.牙髓炎pulpitis60.牙周炎periodontitis61.牙龈炎gingivitis62.咽炎pharyngitis63.阴道炎vaginitis64.支气管炎bronchitis65.中耳炎otitis media66.艾滋病AIDS67.白化病albinism68.白血病leukemia69.败血病septicemia70.风湿病rheumatism71.疯牛病mad cow disease72.高血压hypertension73.冠心病coronary heart disease74.黑死病black death75.黄热病yellow fever76.蛔虫病ascariasis77.结核病tuberculosis78.精神病insanity79.佝偻病richets/ rickets80.狂犬病rabies81.痨病phtisis82.淋病gonorrhoea83.慢性肺源性心脏病chronic cor pulmonale84.皮肤真菌病dermatomycosis85.伤科病disease of the traumatology86.糖尿病diabetes87.外科病surgical diseases88.胃病gastropathy89.心脏病heart disease90.性病veneral disease91.癔症hysteria92.硬皮病scleroderma93.偏头痛migraine/ splitting headache94.三叉神经痛trigeminal95.神经痛neuralgia96.头痛headache97.心绞痛angina pectoris98.坐骨神经痛sciatica99.流产abortion100.习惯性流产habitual abortion 101.先兆流产threatened abortion 102.自然流产miscarriage103.恶性肿瘤malignant tumor 104.骨瘤osteoma105.良性肿瘤benign tumor106.神经瘤neuroma107.脂肪瘤lipoma/ adipoma108.肿瘤tumor109.胆石症cholelithiasis110.肥胖症obesity111.精神分裂症schizophrenia112.神经过敏症neuroticism113.厌食症anorexia114.抑郁症depression115.营养不良症malnutrition116.中风后遗症sequela of wind stroke 117.白喉diphtheria118.白癜风vitiligo119.白内障cataract120.百日咳whooping cough121.斑疹伤寒typhus122.鼻子过敏nasal allergy123.扁桃体肥大hypertrophy of tonsils 124.便秘constipation125.不孕sterility126.痤疮acne127.带状疱疹zona128.丹毒erysipelas129.单纯性肥胖simple obesity 130.癫痫epilepsy131.冻伤frostbite132.非典SARS/ Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 133.痱子prickly heat/ sudamen134.肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis135.肺脓肿pulmonary136.肺气肿pulmonary emphysema137.粉碎性骨折comminuted fracture138.风湿热rheumatic fever139.风疹German measles140.肝硬化cirrhosis141.肝肿大hepatomegaly142.感冒，伤风，着凉cold143.肛裂anal fissure144.肛瘘anal fistula145.高脂血症hyperlipidemia146.鼓膜穿孔performation of the tympanic membrane 147.骨折fracture148.红斑狼疮lupus erythematosus149.坏疽gangrene150.黄疸jaundice151.黄褐斑chloasma152.霍乱cholera153.晕厥syncope154.甲状腺功能亢进hyperthyroidosis155.甲状腺肿goitre156.疥疮scabies157.精神错乱mental disorder158.近视near sight159.开放性骨折open fracture/ compound fracture 160.咳嗽cough161.口疮aphtha162.流感influenza/ flu163.痢疾dysentery164.麻痹paralysis165.麻疹measles166.马耳他热Malta fever167.麦粒肿sty168.慢性菌痢chronic bacillary dysentery169.梅毒syphilis170.面瘫facial paralysis171.尿崩症diabetes insipidus172.牛皮藓psoriasis173.疟疾malaria174.偏瘫hemiplegia175.皮肤过敏allergic skin reaction176.贫血anemia/ anaemia177.葡萄胎hydatidiform mole178.破伤风tetanus179.青光眼glaucoma180.禽流感bird flu/ avian influenza181.褥疮bedsore/ pressure score182.沙眼trachoma183.烧伤burn184.上呼吸道感染upper respiratory infection 185.神经衰弱neurasthenia186.肾结石kidney stone187.湿疹eczema188.水痘chicken pox, varicella189.天花smallpox190.痛风gout191.胃溃疡gastric ulcer192.胃下垂gastroptosis193.消化不良indigestion194.小儿肌性斜颈infantile myogenic torticollis 195.哮喘asthma196.斜颈torticollis/ wryneck197.心肌梗死miocardial infarction198.心律不齐arrhythmia199.猩红热scarlet fever200.夏季热summer heat201.血栓形成thrombosis202.荨麻疹urticaria203.癣tinea/ ringworm204.阳痿impotence205.羊水过多hydramnios206.遗精emission207.遗尿enuresis208.婴儿腹泻infantile diarrhea209.营养不良malnutrition210.再生障碍性贫血aplastic anemia211.早产premature labor212.沼地热swamp fever213.支气管哮喘bronchitic asthma214.重症肌无力myasthenia gravis215.子宫出血metrorrhagia216.子痫eclampsia217.痔疮hemorrhoid。
胰腺癌治疗进展英文ppt课件-PPT课件
III
IV
Late Presentation - Poor Survival
24 18
Even “early” stage disease is advanced
12 6
0
I II Stage III IV
Median Survival (mos)
0
Howlander et al, SEER Cancer Statistics Review 2019. American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts & Figures 2019.
Results
Survival
Biological factors related to tumor
• Differentiation • Nodal involvement • Perineural invasion • Resection margins
Degree of Tumor Differentiation
No Surgery
If..
• Major blood vessels involved
(Stage III) • Distant metastases (Stage IV) • Some Stage III may be exceptions
Pancreatic Resection
• Distal Pancreatectomy (no Appleby) • Whipple operation
60%
Percent at diagnosis
45% 30% 15% 0%
I II Stage
Howlander et al, SEER Cancer Statistics Review 2019. American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts & Figures 2019.
胰腺癌 组织学分级 g1
胰腺癌组织学分级g1（中英文实用版）Title: Pancreatic Cancer - Histological Grade G1英文：Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor that originates in the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach.This type of cancer is known for its aggressive nature and often presents with few symptoms until the disease has advanced.The histological grade of a tumor provides valuable information about its aggressiveness and potential for spreading.In the case of pancreatic cancer, the histological grade is categorized into different levels, with G1 being the lowest grade and indicating a slower growth rate and less aggressive behavior.中文：胰腺癌是一种起源于胰腺的恶性肿瘤，胰腺是一个位于胃后面的器官。
这种癌症以其侵略性而闻名，往往在疾病进展到晚期之前几乎没有症状。
肿瘤的组织学分级提供了关于其侵略性和扩散潜力的宝贵信息。
在胰腺癌的情况下，组织学分级被分为不同的级别，G1是最低级别，表明其生长速度较慢，侵略性较低。
英文：The histological grade G1 in pancreatic cancer signifies a less aggressive and slower-growing tumor.This means that the cancer cells are well-differentiated and closely resemble normal pancreatic cells.Well-differentiated tumors have a higher likelihood of being removedsurgically and have a better prognosis compared to higher-grade tumors.However, even with a G1 histological grade, pancreatic cancer remains a challenging disease to treat due to its late presentation and limited treatment options.中文：胰腺癌的组织学分级G1表示这是一种侵略性较低、生长速度较慢的肿瘤。
消化内科英文缩写
GERD(Gastroesophageal reflux disease)胃食管反流病NERD(Non-erosive reflux disease)非糜烂性反流病RE(Reflux esophagitis)反流性食管炎IBD(Inflammatory bowel disease)炎症性肠病CD(Crohn’s disease)克罗恩病UC(Ulcerative colitis)溃疡性结肠炎IBS(Irritable bowel syndrome)肠易激综合征AIH(Autoimmune hepatitis)自身免疫性肝炎FD(Functional dyspepsia)功能性消化不良ALD(Alcoholic liver disease)酒精性肝病NASH(Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis)非酒精性脂肪性肝炎NAFLD(Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease)非酒精性脂肪性肝病DILI(Drug induced liver injury)药物性肝损伤VOD(Veno-occlusive disease)肝小静脉闭塞症SOS(Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome)肝窦阻塞综合征HCC(Hepatic cellular carcinoma)肝细胞肝癌HE(Hepatic encephalopathy)肝性脑病SBP(Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) 自发性细菌性腹膜炎HRS（Hepatorenal syndrome）肝肾综合征MAP(Mild acute pancreatitis)急性轻症胰腺炎SAP(Severe acute pancreatitis)急性重症胰腺炎CP(Chronic pancreatitis)慢性胰腺炎AIP(Auto-immune pancreatitis)自身免疫性胰腺炎PC(Pancreatic adenocarcinoma)胰腺癌MALT(Mucosa-associated lymphoid Tissue)粘膜相关组织淋巴瘤SIRS(Systematic inflammatory response syndrome)全身炎症反应综合征MOF(Multiple organ failure)多器官功能衰竭EUS(Endoscopic ultrasonography)超声内镜EUS-FNA（Fine needle aspiration）超声引导下细针穿刺DBE/SBE(Double/Single balloon endoscopy)双/单气囊小肠镜CE(Capsule enodoscopy)胶囊内镜ERCP(Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography)内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术EST(Endoscopic sphincterotomy)内镜下乳头括约肌切开ERPD(Endoscopic retrograde pancreatic drainage)内镜下胰管支架引流术ENBD(Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage)内镜下鼻胆管引流EMBD(Endoscopic metal retractor biliary drainage)内镜下胆管金属支架引流术ERBD(Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage)内镜下胆管支架引流术SOD(Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction)Oddi括约肌功能障碍PTCD(Percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage)经皮肝穿刺胆道引流TACE(Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization )肝动脉化疗栓塞术TAE(Transcatheter arterial embolization)肝动脉栓塞术TAI(Transcatheter arterial infusion) 肝动脉插管灌注化疗PSE(Partial splenic embolization)部分脾栓塞术TIPS(Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt)经颈静脉肝内门体分流术SMT(Submucosal tumor)粘膜下肿瘤EMR(Endoscopic mucosal resection)内镜下粘膜切除术ESD(Endoscopic submucosal dissection)内镜下粘膜下剥离术ESE(Endoscopic submucosal excavation)内镜粘膜下挖除术APC(Argon plasma coagulation)氩离子凝固术MBM (Multiband mucosectomy) 多环黏膜切除术(DT)LST(Lateral spreading tumor)侧向发育型肿瘤EVB(Esophageal variceal bleeding)食管静脉曲张破裂出血EVL(Endoscopic variceal ligation)内镜下曲张静脉套扎术EIS(Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy)内镜下曲张静脉硬化剂治疗术IPMN(Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms)胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤FNH（Focal Nodular Hyperplasia）肝局灶性结节增生PBC(Primary biliary cirrhosis) 原发性胆汁性肝硬化PSC(Primary sclerosing cholangitis) 原发性硬化性胆管炎ICP(Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy)妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症BCS (Budd-Chiari syndrome) 布-加综合征。
癌症中英文对照
癌症中英文对照Cancer - 癌症Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. It is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, affecting millions of people each year. In Chinese, cancer is commonly referred to as "癌症" (ái zhèng).Types of Cancer - 癌症类型There are many different types of cancer, each with its own specific characteristics. Here are some common types of cancer and their corresponding Chinese translations:1. Breast Cancer - 乳腺癌(rǔ xiàn ái)2. Lung Cancer - 肺癌 (fèi ái)3. Prostate Cancer - 前列腺癌 (qián liè xiàn ái)4. Colorectal Cancer - 结肠直肠癌 (jié cháng zhí cháng ái)5. Skin Cancer - 皮肤癌(pí fū ái)6. Leukemia - 白血病 (bái xuè bìng)7. Ovarian Cancer - 卵巢癌(luǎn cháo ái)8. Pancreatic Cancer - 胰腺癌 (yí xiàn ái)Causes and Risk Factors - 引起癌症的原因和风险因素The development of cancer can be attributed to a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, environmental exposures, and lifestyle choices. Some common causes and risk factors for cancer include:1. Tobacco Use - 吸烟2. Alcohol Consumption - 饮酒3. Unhealthy Diet - 不健康的饮食4. Exposure to Carcinogens - 接触致癌物质5. Family History of Cancer - 家族癌症史6. Age - 年龄7. Obesity - 肥胖8. Chronic Infections - 慢性感染Early Detection and Treatment - 早期检测和治疗Early detection plays a critical role in improving the prognosis and survival rates of cancer patients. Regular screenings and tests can help identify cancer at an early stage when treatment is most effective. In Chinese, early detection is commonly referred to as "早期检测" (zǎo qī jiǎn cè).Treatment options for cancer vary depending on the type and stage of the disease. Common treatment modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. In Chinese, treatment is commonly referred to as "治疗" (zhì liáo).Prevention Strategies - 预防策略While not all cancers can be prevented, there are several strategies individuals can adopt to reduce their risk of developing cancer. These strategies include:1. Healthy Lifestyle Choices - 健康的生活方式选择2. Regular Exercise - 定期锻炼3. Healthy Diet - 健康饮食4. Avoidance of Carcinogens - 避免致癌物质5. Vaccinations - 接种疫苗6. Sun Protection - 防晒7. Regular Check-ups - 定期体检Support and Resources - 支持与资源Receiving a cancer diagnosis can be devastating for individuals and their families. However, there are numerous support groups, organizations, and resources available to provide emotional support, financial assistance, and educational materials. In Chinese, support is commonly referred to as "支持" (zhī chí), and resources as "资源" (zī yuán).Conclusion - 结论Cancer is a complex disease that affects millions of people globally. Understanding the terminology and concepts related to cancer in bothEnglish and Chinese is essential for effective communication, research, and patient care. By continuing to advance our knowledge, prevention strategies, and treatment options, we can work towards reducing the burden of cancer and improving the lives of those affected.。
考博外科学——精选推荐
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• Whipple operation
(Pancreaticoduodenectomy)
Standard Whipple
Standard Whipple
Roux-en-Y rarely done
Pylorus Preserving Whipple
Cure rate is same with each.. Most resections are Pylorus Preserving Whipples
Lymph Nodes
Survival
Lymph Nodes
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0
Negative
Positive
12
24
36
Months of Follow Up
28% 22%
48
(1987-2005)
Negative
Positive
Actuarial survival for node-negative (solid line) and node-positive (dotted line) patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas undergoing a pancreaticoduodenectomy (P<.001).
Survival
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0
(1987-2005)
Tumor Differentiation
50%
12
24
36
48
60
Months of Follow Up
Well
Moderate
Poor
Actuarial survival estimate for patients with well, moderately, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (P<.001).
60%
Percent at diagnosis
45% 30% 15%
0%
I
II
III
IV
Stage
Howlander et al, SEER Cancer Statistics Review 2012. American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts & Figures 2013.
Late Presentation - Poor Survival
24
Even “early” stage disease is advanced
18
Median 12 Survival
(mos)
6
0
I
0
II
III
IV
Stage
Howlander et al, SEER Cancer Statistics Review 2012. American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts & Figures 2013.
Results
Survival
Biological factors related to tumor
• Differentiation • Nodal involvement • Perineural invasion • Resection margins
Degree of Tumor Differentiation
36%
60
Actuarial survival for patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (P<.001).
(colon #1)
Pancreatic Cancer
Epidemiology
New Cancer Deaths , United States, 2014.
Pancreatic Cancer
Epidemiology
Incidence increasing 1% yearly
Pancreatic Cancer
Pylorus Preserving Whipple
Factors Influencing Survival
Study Design
182 consecutive patients underwent a Whipple for pancreatic cancer between 1987 and 2005. Patients from 19871995 were compared with those from 1996-2005.
Pancreatic Cancer
Epidemiology
• 2014 - 46,420 new cases in USA • 2014 - 39,590 deaths • 4th most common cancer killer • 2nd most common GI cancer killer
38%
60
Perineural Invasion
Survival
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0
(1987-2005)
PeriNeural Invasion
Negative
36%
PositiveΒιβλιοθήκη 122413%
36
48
Months of Follow Up
Absent
Present
Epidemiology
• 85% of new cases are advanced • Locally advanced: blood vessels
(Stage III)
• Distant spread to liver, lungs
(Stage IV)
Late Presentation - Poor Survival
No Surgery
If..
• Major blood vessels involved
(Stage III)
• Distant metastases (Stage IV) • Some Stage III may be
exceptions
Pancreatic Resection
• Distal Pancreatectomy
Pancreatic Cancer Surgical Approach in the
USA - 2014
Howard A. Reber, MD Professor of Surgery UCLA School of Medicine
Agi Hirshberg Center for Pancreatic Diseases at UCLA