地震词汇--英语学习

地震词汇
[ 2008-05-13 09:38 ]

5月12日14时28分,四川汶川县发生7.8级地震,北京、上海、天津、陕西等多个省市震感明显。地震发生后,胡锦涛主席指示尽快抢救伤员,温家宝赶赴灾区指导救灾。截止目前,地震已造成9219人死亡。

以下是与地震有关的词汇:

earthquake 地震
shake 震动;摇晃
tremor颤动;震动
temblor [美语] 地震

hit 袭击、打击,使遭受
strike 突然发生;打击
jolt 使颠簸,摇晃
rock 摇,摇动,使振动
roll across 波动,起伏,横摇
rip through 裂开,破开;突进,横撞直闯

damage 损害;损伤
destroy 毁坏,破坏;摧残
shatter 破坏;捣毁;破灭
devastate 蹂躏,破坏;使荒废;毁灭
level 推倒,夷平
flatten 夷为平地

seismological 地震学上的
seismology 地震学
seismograph 地震仪
seismographer 地震学家
aftershock 余震
smaller tremors 小地震
epicenter 震中
magnitude 震级
Richter Scale(1-10) 里氏震级
at a scale of 7.8 on the Richter calculations 里氏7.8级地震
earthquake monitoring 地震监控
tsunami 海啸
rock and mud slides 泥石流
tsunami warning system 海啸预警系统
tidal waves 潮汐波,浪潮
natural disaster 自然灾害
tragedy 灾难
wreckage 残骸
death toll 死亡人数
survivors 幸存者
victims 受灾者
international contributions 国际援助
evacuation 撤离
rescue team 救援小组




默哀 silent tribute (President Hu Jintao, who just returned from a three-day visit to the quake-hit areas, paid a three-minute silent tribute to victims of the quake in the central government compound of Zhongnanhai in Beijing. 刚刚结束三天震区支行的胡锦涛主席,在中南海为地震遇难者默哀三分钟。)
吊唁簿 condolence books (China's missions abroad were ordered to observe the order of three-day national mourning for the tens of thousands of people killed in the powerful Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, and condolence books are to be opened in the Foreign Ministry and Chinese embassies and consulates around the world.)
绿色通道(快速通道) green channel (China's banking regulators Wednesday ordered all the banks to open a "green channel" disaster relief donations from home and abroad and scrape the remittance charge. 银监会周三要求各银行金融机构开辟抗震救灾捐款快速通道,不得向境内外汇往灾区的捐款收取手续费。)
救灾物资 disaster relief materials (Around 4:00 pm Wendesday, China's air force dropped 5 tons of disaster relief materials, including mineral water, milk, instant noodles, into Mianzhu City in quake-stricken Sichuan. 14日16时许,空军一架大型运输机首次为四川绵竹灾区空投了救灾物资,包括矿泉水、牛奶、方便面。)
(地震后的)余震 aftershock (Aftershocks are generally waeker than the main quake, but buildings that have already been

damaged are prone to collapse in an aftershock.)
有机巧克力 organic chocolate

地震的“震级”
[ 2008-05-16 10:18 ]
5月12日,四川汶川发生了7.8级大地震。虽然地震无法准确预报,我们还是应该对地震多些了解,才能在关键时刻自救逃生。今天我们了解一下地震的强度,即“震级”。

地震的强度(magnitude)一般按照里氏震级(Richter Scale)划分,它是将震级范围从1到10的一种对数标度,用以表现地震放出的能量总数,是根据美国地震学家Charles Francis Richter 命名的。下面请看两个例子:

The Seismology Research Centre says the earthquake measured 3.8 on the Richter scale with an epicenter about 80 kilometers south-west of Sydney.

地震研究中心称这次地震的震级为里氏3.8级,震中位于悉尼西南80公里处。

The tremor was placed at 5.6 on the Richter scale.

地震的震级被测定为里氏5.6级。

在这两个例子中,“地震多少级”是用级数加上on the Richter scale来表示的。我们也可以用“地震强度magnitude”来表示震级,比如:

A powerful magnitude-7.6 earthquake struck off the Solomon Islands on Monday, sending a tsunami wave crashing into the country's west coast and prompting region-wide disaster warnings.

周一,所罗门群岛发生了里氏7.6级地震,引发海啸席卷该国西部的一些岛屿,该国已发布区域灾害警告。

报道中的“magnitude-7.6 earthquake”就是“7.6级地震”,“magnitude”在此表示“震级”。相应的,“××级地震”一般都表达为“a magnitude ×× earthquake”。

我们再来看关于汶川地震新华社的报道:

Yesterday more than 600 soldiers reached Yingxiu township of Wenchuan - the epicenter of Monday's 7.8 magnitude quake - where not a single building was intact, Xinhua reported.

新华社消息,昨日六百多名士兵抵达震中、汶川映秀镇。周一这里发生了里氏7.8级地震,建筑全部被毁。

这里是把表示“震级”的数字放在了magnitude前面。这样我们就知道了a magnitude ×× earthquake和a ×× magnitude earthquake 两种修饰法都是可用的。

救灾物资“空投”灾区
[ 2008-05-16 09:00 ]
15日凌晨2时22分,空军一架伊尔76大型运输机直飞四川震中4200米上空,空投了5吨食品、药品等救灾物资,这是我军首次成功实施夜间云中云上空投。

请看《中国日报》的报道:

A PLA officer said the first group of 200 soldiers reached Yingxiu by powerboat early yesterday morning; and another 400 arrived last night.

一位解放军军官说,昨天早晨第一批200名战士已经乘汽艇到达映秀,另有400名于昨夜到达。

The military command said two helicopters airdropped food, drinking water and medicine to Yingxiu in the afternoon.

这位军官表示有两架直升机已在当天下午向映秀地

区空投了食品、饮用水以及药品。

上述报道中,airdrop就是“空投”的意思。一般来讲,“空投”分为三类,Low-Velocity Airdrop(低速空投),一般用于易碎或者大件物品;High-Velocity Airdrop(高速空投),一般用于耐用品;还有Free Fall Airdrop(自由降落空投),此类空投不用降落伞,常用于人道主义救援。


“发生地震”怎么说
[ 2008-05-15 10:10 ]
5月12日,四川汶川发生了里氏7.8级大地震,至今死亡人数已经上升到14866人,被毁坏的房屋无数。面对自然灾害,中国人团结起来、互相帮扶,都希望能尽快将受灾的人们解救出来。我们也意识到,我们需要对地震多一些了解。

那么,“发生了地震”,该如何说呢?地震多属于突发事件,来势猛烈,去的也快,因此,英语中描述地震的动词也多具有这样的特点。比如用hit 和roll across两个词。Roll 表示“波动起伏地前进”,比如:

President Vicente Fox declared a state of emergency today in Colima, a coastal state hit overnight by a powerful earthquake that rolled across central Mexico from the Pacific Ocean, killing at least 29 people and rattling millions of Mexico City residents.

总统文森特?福克斯今日宣布科利马州实行紧急状态,该州位于沿海地区,于当晚被一次发生在太平洋(海底)的强烈地震袭击。这次地震迅速通过墨西哥中部,造成至少29人死亡,并使数百万的墨西哥城居民陷入恐慌。

在下面的文字中,还用了strike:The quake struck at 8:07 pm. 地震发生在晚上8点零7分。此外,还可以用 shake,jolt,rock,rip through(迅速或猛烈地移动)等等。请看下面的例子:

It took only minutes on Saturday June 23rd for a powerful 8.1 earthquake to rip through southern Peru,…

在六月二十三日星期六,一次强烈的8.1级地震只用了几分钟时间就袭击了整个秘鲁南部……

中国日报网就这次地震所做的专题的标题用的就是jolt:Strong earthquake jolts SW China 四川汶川发生强烈地震

Experts with the China Earthquake Networks Center said strong aftershocks may still rock Wenchuan, though quakes exceeding 7.8 on the Richter scale are unlikely.

中国地震台网中心的专家们说汶川可能会发生强烈余震,但震级不会超过7.8级。

When he was working on Monday afternoon, Tan said he suddenly felt the ground was shaking.

谭先生说周一下午他正在工作,忽然感到地面开始晃动。

地震的“破坏”
[ 2008-05-19 10:32 ]
地震之所以可怕,除了其来势迅猛,猝不及防外,还因为它往往破坏力惊人。英语中,描述其破坏力的词,按由轻到重的次序大致有damage,destroy, devastate,shatter,level,flatten等等。

Damage 是指“损害,破坏”,但不是特别严重,还可以修

复的那种,比如:

Apart from hydropower projects, the earthquake damaged some power equipment manufacturers in Sichuan including Dongfang Electric in Hanwang in Deyang that was badly damaged when several buildings collapsed, causing several hundred deaths.

除了水电站,地震还破坏了四川的一些供电设施工厂,德阳的东方电气受损严重,几栋建筑物倒塌,数百人死亡。

Destroy 表示“完全破坏,消灭,摧毁,夺去人的生命”,被摧毁的物件不能再用。比如:

However, disasters, such as the quake, that destroy lives somehow create a renewed sense of selfless compassion.

然而,灾害,比如地震,夺去人的生命,也激发出人们的无私情感。

Devastate 也是表示“摧毁,破坏”,它比destroy的威力还要大、涵盖的面还要广,destroy 通常限定于某一地、某事物或是人,而devastate 还可表示“情感上,精神上也遭破坏,整个系统的完全溃败”,比如:She was devastated by the loss of her mother. 母亲的死击垮了她。地震可以destroy我们,但不能devastate我们。

Shatter 指“粉碎,砸碎,毁坏,毁灭”,比如在地震中那些破碎的玻璃和房屋:All the glass and some of the building shattered when the earthquake hit the city. 地震来袭的时候,所有的玻璃和一些房屋都震碎了。

Level 和 flatten 的意思差不多,都是表示受害非常严重,“被夷为平地”,比如:

The quake leveled entire towns, flattening the simple adobe, brick structures and leaving nothing but rubble.

地震夷平了整个城镇,摧毁了简易土坯房和砖结构建筑,在受灾区只留下一片废墟。

地震的破坏力虽大,可是击不垮我们的心。愿死者安息,生者坚强!



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