Lecture1
Lecture1 句子结构
作表语的成分
例句
名词
名词所有格 代词 数词 形容词 副词 不定式 动名词 过去分词 现在分词
7. 状语
状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。 状语有时在基本结构中是必须得，否则基本结构的意义 就不会完整。状语位置非常灵活。 The girl is improving remarkably. The ancient castle is remarkably beautiful. My love is like a red, red rose, that is newly sprung in June. The students are improving remarkably fast. Unfortunately, I didn’t get the scores report.
例句 作定语的 成分 Beethoven is a natural musician. 形容词
名词 代词 His mother gave a sports car to him. He is their friend.
序数词
基数词 不定式
不定式复合结
I will give you a second chance.
5. 补语
补语是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子 成分，即主语补语和宾语补语。
主语补语
通常位于主语之前或谓语之后： Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. He came home sick. Her brother died young. He was found dead. She gazed at him speechless for a moment.
lecture 1 翻译标准
g. 我认为他不够格。 I don’t think he is qualified. h. 人们来五台山，目的可不都是一样。 People do not come to Wutai Mountain with one and the same purpose.
3) 译文应体现英语遣词造句的特点，同时 又应因文体而有变化。 a. 名词使用频率高，特别是含有动作性质 的抽象名词等，可以既包含丰富的信息又 十分简洁。 b. 被动形式使用率高，表现能力强。 c. 语法要求严，一般来说句子较长。 d. 介词、非谓语动词、形容词和独立结构 非常活跃。
教心理学的老师觉察到这件事， 就假冒一个男生的名义，给她 写了封匿名的求爱信，这封信 的末尾是：一个希望得到您的 青睐的极其善良的男同胞。就 这么一封信，也就一举改造了 一个人。
Having detected what was happening, her psychology teacher got an idea. In the name of a boy, he wrote an anonymous letter of love which ended with “a kind gentleman awaiting your favor.” The letter brought about transformation.
A Course in Chinese – English Translation
李洋
II. 汉英翻译的原则
汉语译成地道英语的难度， 出现各种各样的缺失：“中 国式”英语（解决办法，阅 读大量原作，观察、揣摩、 总结并模仿英语的特点、规 律和表达方法）。
1．遵循三条原则：
1) 译文必须符合英语的语法：三种轴心 结构： a. 主－系－表结构 (S+V+P) 例： a) 人类在地球上已存在多久了？ How long has man been on earth? b) 牛奶变酸了。 Milk turns sour.
托福听力tpo40 lecture1、2、3、4 原文+题目+答案+译文
托福听力tpo40lecture1、2、3、4原文+题目+答案+译文Lecture1 (2)原文 (2)题目 (4)答案 (5)译文 (6)Lecture2 (7)原文 (7)题目 (9)答案 (11)译文 (11)Lecture3 (13)原文 (13)题目 (16)答案 (18)译文 (18)Lecture4 (20)原文 (20)题目 (22)答案 (24)译文 (24)Lecture1原文NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.MALE PROFESSOR:Last class I passed out your assignment for your first paper,and today I want to spend some time going over it.Mm…most people never take any art history until they get to college,so many of you have probably never written an art history paper before.I gave you a list of appropriate works of art for you to write about.So your next step in this process needs to be to go look at the work you've selected as your topic.And bring a pencil and a notepad with you,because I don't mean you should just drop by at the museum and glance at it so you can say you've seen it in real life.You need to go and sit in front of the work and really look at it—carefully and slowly.And keep careful notes about what you see—you’ll need them for the kind of art history paper you're going to be writing…it's what we call a formal analysis.A formal analysis of a work of art,any kind of art,is based on its formal qualities, which means qualities related to the form—things like color…texture…line…shapes…proportion…and composition.Probably the closest thing to a formal analysis you might have written is for an English class.If you've…say…written an analysis of a poem,you've used the same skills—you've given an analysis of the poem by describing and analyzing its form and meter.A formal analysis paper in art history is very similar.Now,before you begin writing your formal analysis,you'll want to start with a summary of the overall appearance of the work—a brief description of what you see. Are there figures—people?What are they doing?Or is it a landscape…or an abstract representation of something?Tell what the subject is,and what aspects are emphasized in the painting.This will give your reader an overview of what the work looks like before you analyze it.The next part of your paper—the actual formal analysis—will be the longest and most important section of your paper,where you describe and analyze individual design elements.For this portion of the paper,you're going to rely on the notes you took at the museum,because you should be able to describe in detail the design elements the artist uses,and how they are used.For example,does the artist use harsh lines or soft lines—are the colors bright or muted?Focus on the design elements that you feel are most strongly represented in that particular work of art. And if you don't know where to begin,take note of where your eye goes first.Then describe things in the order in which your eye moves around the work.This will help you understand how one part relates to another—the interaction between the different parts of the work.OK,this kind of analysis should occur throughout the main portion of the paper.In the last section of your paper—and this goes beyond formal analysis—you comment on the significance of what you have seen.What details of the work convey meaning?Some significant details will not be apparent to you right away,but if you look long enough,you realize how important they are for your interpretation of the work.Many years ago,I was writing a formal analysis of a painting of a little boy.In the painting,a little boy was standing in his nursery,and he was holding a toy bird in his hand,and there were more toys around him in the background of the painting. Because of the bird he was holding,I assumed at first that the painting was about the innocence of children.But as I looked at the painting longer,I realized that the boy's eyes looked sad even though there was no discernable expression on his face.And then it dawned on me that,even though he was surrounded by toys,he was all alone in his nursery.The boy's eyes were a significant detail in the painting,that I didn't notice at first.题目1.What point does the professor make about the writing of a formal analysis in art history?A.Its objective is to identify common features of several works of art.B.Its most important part is the explanation of an artwork's significance.C.Several styles of writing a formal analysis are used by art historians.D.A particular approach is required to present Information about an artwork.2.According to the professor,what will students need to do before writing the art history paper?A.Look at examples of formal analysis in textbooksB.Take notes on the artwork they will write aboutC.Go to different museums before selecting a topic for the paperD.Study the historical context of the artwork they will write about3.Why does the professor mention an English class?A.To explain the difference between visual language and written languageB.To explain that students need good writing skills for their assignmentC.To point out similarities between a poetry paper and the students'assignmentD.To point out that many art historians become writers4.What does the professor recommend as a way to understand the relationship between different parts of an artwork?A.Looking for lines that connect different parts of the workB.Examining the artwork from several different anglesC.Looking for similar colors the artist used throughout the workD.Determining how the viewer's eyes move around the work5.Why does the professor talk about his own experience analyzing the painting of a little boy?A.To point out a common misconception about formal analysisB.To stress the importance of looking at an artwork thoroughlyC.To show why a formal analysis should not emphasize small detailsD.To provide an example of an artwork that is easy to analyze6.The professor describes three sections the art history paper should contain.Place them in the order in which they should appear in the paper.Click on a phrase.Then drag it to the space where it belongs.A.Analysis of the design elements the artist usesB.Discussion of the meaning of the artworkC.Summary of the appearance of the artwork答案D B C D B CAB译文旁白：下面听一段艺术史课程的片段。
Lecture 1-绪论
loose or minor sentences (松散句), contracted sentences (紧缩句), elliptical sentences, run-on sentences (流水句), and composite sentences (并列句). English sentence building is featured by an “architecture style” (楼房建筑 法) with extensive use of longer or subordinate structures, while Chinese is marked by a “chronicle style” (流水记事法) with frequent use of shorter or composite structures.
2. Compact vs. Diffusive
English is rigid in S-V concord, requiring a complete formal cohesion. Chinese has flexible sentence structures through semantic coherence.
他的讲话并无前后矛盾之处。 There is no inconsistency in what he said. There is nothing inconsistent in what he said 她闪亮的眼睛说明她非常激动。 Her sparkling eyes betrayed her great excitement. The sparkle of her eyes betrayed her great excitement.
托福听力tpo67 lecture1、2、3 原文+题目+答案+译文
托福听力tpo67lecture1、2、3原文+题目+答案+译文Lecture1 (2)原文 (2)题目 (4)答案 (6)译文 (6)Lecture2 (7)原文 (7)题目 (10)答案 (12)译文 (12)Lecture3 (13)原文 (14)题目 (16)答案 (18)译文 (18)Lecture1原文Professor:Now we've said that animal behavior patterns involve an interplay between an animal and its environment.In particular,behavior patterns can change as an animal becomes adapted to its environment.We can see the results of this in the way that animals have developed different types of feeding behavior.Animals are generally classified as a generalist feeders and specialist feeders.Now,um,these terms are used in a variety of ways.At times,they're used to refer to an animal's range of habitats.I've also seen them used to describe the number of foraging techniques that are used by an individual or species.Um,but for our purposes,we're going to use them to refer to the range of food items that are eaten by a species.So a generalist feeder is a species that eats a wide variety of foods during its lifetime.And a specialist is a species that feeds on a highly restricted number of foods.A good example of a generalist would be a rat.Rats are notorious for eating just about anything that's available,whether it's a plant or an animal.At the other end of the spectrum,we have the koala which eats only the leaves of eucalyptus trees.Okay,now there are advantages to each.For a generalist,If1type of food isn't around,it can feed on another that's more abundant.On the other hand,the advantage of being a specialist is that the animal is well adapted to its food.You could say that specialists are feeding masters,their consumption,even their digestive system is just so finely tuned.For instance,take the koala.The eucalyptus leaves that it feeds on,don't contain much protein.What's more,the leaves contain compounds that are poisonous to most species?But the koalas digestive system has adapted to handle this.It's liver deactivates,the poisonous compounds,and its digestive system is designed to extract the maximum amount of nutrients from the leaves.So it's not a question of which strategy is better.The real question is,what determines how selective animal species are in what they eat?Well,the answer maylie in a concept called optimal foraging.The idea is that natural selection favors animals whose feeding behavior has the lowest cost to benefit ratio.That is you want to get the best healthiest food you can.And you want to do it as quickly as possible. And as easily as possible.Now,in a natural environment,no animal forage in an absolutely optimal manner. But,well,I read some research on a little rat called the kangaroo rat,which lives in deserts in North America.The kangaroo rat is a generalist which eats plant matter like seeds and fruit.It lives in deep burrows which provide protection from the desert heat and from predators like hawks or snakes.And it goes foraging at night for food.For plant matter,under the protection of darkness,even though it's a generalist.If the only thing available is seed,if a choice of seeds is available to it,it picks up seeds that provide more energy than those it leaves behind.And it carries them back to its burrow.Once it's there,it might eat only the richest seeds from the ones that brought back.So it selects seeds outside in a way that lets it spend as little time as possible foraging in that risky environment,and then sorts out its food later when it's safely in its burrow.Oh,yes,Kenneth.You have a question?Male student:But what about the koala?It gets by uh,by being even more selective, you'd think you would be really risky to rely completely on eucalyptus leaves. Wouldn't it be better to diversify like the kangaroo rat,and eat,at least one or two other things?Professor:Well,what do you think the koala would say?What do I gain by being so selective?In terms of optimal foraging,it's clear that eucalyptus trees provide an abundant source of food.Other animals can't eat the leaves and think of how little energy the koala uses.It spends only about3hours each day eating to get the energy it needs.So being a specialist allows it to get the nutrients it needs with minimal expenditure of energy.题目1.What is the lecture mainly about?A.The reasons why some animals eat only plantsB.The advantages of two different feeding adaptationsC.The variety of foods that certain animals can eatD.The relationship between two animals that share a habitat2.What definition of the term“generalist”does the professor use in the lecture?A.An animal species that eats a wide variety of foodsB.An animal species that lives in a range of different habitatsC.An animal species that uses several techniques to forage for foodD.An animal species that forages at several different times of the day3.What points does the professor make about the koala’s specialist feeding habits? [Click on2answers.]A.It obtains all the food it needs in relatively little time.B.It requires large amounts of protein in its diet.C.It can eat leaves that are poisonous to other animals.D.It spends most of its time eating.4.What does the professor imply about the kangaroo rat?A.It will take more risks when foraging for high-energy food.B.It is one of the most selective feeders in North America.C.Its competitors often eat its food supply.D.It is selective when choosing what food it eats.5.How does the professor organize the information in the lecture?A.By contrasting an old theory with a new theoryB.By defining important terms and then giving examples of themC.By describing the similarities between two animalsD.By describing a problem and then suggesting some solutions6.Why does the professor say this:Male student:But what about the koala?It gets by uh,by being even more selective, you'd think you would be really risky to rely completely on eucalyptus leaves. Wouldn't it be better to diversify like the kangaroo rat,and eat,at least one or two other things?Professor:Well,what do you think the koala would say?What do I gain by being so selective?In terms of optimal foraging,it's clear that eucalyptus trees provide an abundant source of food.Other animals can't eat the leaves and think of how little energy the koala uses.A.To express agreement that the koala should eat a greater variety of foodB.To indicate that the koala’s behavior does not illustrate optimal foragingC.To remind the man of the characteristics of selective feedersD.To encourage the man to consider the koala’s feeding behavior differently答案B A ACD B D译文我们已经说过动物的行为模式涉及到动物和它的环境之间的相互作用。
【托福听力备考】TPO17 听力文本——Lecture 1
【托福听力备考】TPO17 听力文本——Lecture 1众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。
相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
TPO 17 Lecture 1 Art History(Prehistoric Art Dating)Narrator ：Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.Professor ：Good morning, ready to continue our review of prehistoric art?Today, we will be covering the Upper Paleolithic Period, which I am roughlydefining as the period from 35,000 to 8,000 BC. A lot of those cave drawings youhave all seen come from this period. But we are also be talking about portableworks of art, things that could be carried around from place to place. Here isone example. This sculpture is called the Lady with the Hood1 , and it wascarved from ivory, probably a mammoth’s tusk. Its age is a bit of a mystery.According to one source, it dates from 22,000 BC. But other sources claimed ithas been dated closer to 30,000 BC. Amy?Amy ：Why don’t we know the exact date when this head was made?Professor ：That’s a fair question. We are talking about prehistory here. Soobviously the artists didn’t put a signature or a date on anything they did. Sohow do we know when this figure was carved?Tom ：Last semester I took an archaeology class and we spent a lot time on,studying ways to date things. One technique I remember was using the location ofan object to date it, like how deep it was buried.Professor ：That would be Stratigraphy. Stratigraphy is used for dating portable art. When archaeologists are digging at a site, they make very careful notes about which stratum(strata), which layer of earth they find things in. And, you know, the general rule is that the oldest layers are at the lowest level. But this only works if the site hasn’t been touched, and the layers are intact. A problem with this dating method is that an object could have been carried around, used for several generations before it was discarded. So it might be much older than the layer or even the site where it was found. The stratification technique gives us the minimum age of an object, which isn’t necessarilly its true age. Tom, in your archaeology class, did you talk about radiocarbon dating?Tom ：Yeah, we did. That had to do with chemical analysis, something to do with measuring the amount of radiocarbon that’s left in organic stuff. Because we know how fast radiocarbon decays, we can figure out the age of the organic material.Professor ：The key word there is organic. Is art made of organicmaterial?Tom ：Well, you said the lady with the hood was carved out of ivory. That ’s organic.Professor ：Absolutely. Any other examples?Amy ：Well, when they did those cave drawings. Didn’t they use, like chacoalor maybe colors, dyes made from plants?Professor ：Fortunately, they did, at least some of the time. So it turns outthat radiocarbon dating works for a lot of prehistoric art. But again there’s aproblem. This technique destroys what it analyzes, so you have to chip off bits of the object for testing. Obviously we are reluctant to do that in some cases.And apart from that, there’s another problems. The date tells you the age of thematerial, say, a bone or a tree, the object is made from, but not the date when the artist actually created it. So, with radiocarbon dating, we get the maximum possible age for the object, but it could be younger.Ok, let’ s say our scientific analysis has produced an age range. Can we narrow it down?Amy ：Could we look for similar styles or motives? You know, try to find things common to one time period.Professor ：We do that all the time. And when we see similarities in pieces of art, we assume some connection in time or place. But is it possible that we could be imposing our own values on that analysis?Tom ：I am sorry. I don’t get your point.Professor ：Well, we have all kinds of pre-conceived ideas about how artistic styles develop. For example, a lot of people think the presence of details demonstrates that the work was done by a more sophisticated artist. While a lack of detail suggests a primitive style. But trends in art in the last century orso certainly challenge that idea. Don’t get me wrong though, analyzing the styles of prehistoric art can help dating them. But we need to be careful with the idea that artistic development occurs in a straight line, from simple to complex representations.Amy ：What you are saying is, I mean, I get the feeling that this is like a legal process, like building a legal case, the more pieces of evidence we have, the closer we get to the truth.Professor ：Great analogy. And now you can see why we don’t have an exact date for our sculpture, the lady with the hood.。
Lecture 1(考研英语简介)
小作文
应用文
100字， 15-20分钟 私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。
书信的写作
大作文
特点：主题贴近社会生活，考生有话可说。
《追星现象》
《团结协作》 《网络的近与远》 160-200词，图表或漫画作文
语言第一，内容第二
常见语言错误： 1. 主谓一致 2. 时态 3. 冠词的用法 4. 名词的单复数 5. 搭配问题 6. 单词的拼写
语言是第一要素； 结构层次要清晰
如何突破阅读理解？
第一，词汇量。
考的是词汇的深度，而不是词汇的广度，换
句话说说考的是同学们能不能真正的掌握和 运用这个词汇，真正在上下文中理解这个词 汇，而不是考同学们是不是单纯的、简单的、 机械的记住了这个词的中文意思。
第二，长难句。
长难句往往由于句子结构比较复杂、句子和句
“得阅读者得天下”
英译汉
400词，平均32词/句，约150词的句子 20-25分钟 准确、完整、通顺 准确选用汉语词汇来准确忠实表达英语原文的 概念。 准确分析英语的复杂结构（长难句）并准确转 换成符合汉语要求的句子结构。 忠于原文
考点和重点
定语从句、名词性从句、长难句。
试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运 用、阅读理解和写作。
考研英语考试各部分测试内容、题型和分值比例
试卷构成
英语运用能力 阅型
多项选择 多项选择 7选5填空、排 序或论点论据 匹配题 英译汉 10% 40% 10%
比例
60%
翻译
10%
写作
小作文
被动、指代、倒装、比较、省略、词义转换。
三、写作
该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生的书面表达能 力。总分30分。 A节：考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词（标点符 号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信 函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。考生在答题卡2上作 答。满分10分。 B节：考生根据提示信息写出一篇160~200词的短 文（标点符号不计算在内）。提示信息的形式有主 题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。考生在答 题卡2上作答。满分20分。
Lecture 1-2 词汇对比
do large harm to do great harm to
great population
a large population crowded traffic heavy traffic
keep one’s face save one’s face
留面子
三、 情感意义对比
教师休息室 teachers’ restroom
sea cucumber 海黄瓜
海参
不能望文生义，要勤查 字典，避免貌合神离
4. Mr. Smith is one of the most durable teachers at this university. 持久的 史密斯先生是该大学任教时间最长的教师之一. 5. He used to be very shy; but after entering college he’s started to blossom. 开花、绽放 他过去一直非常害羞，但是现在他开始活泼/开朗起来。
译文一：…… made our blood boil. 愤怒 译文二：Beijing's winning the bid for the 2008 Olympics ek 凉茶 红茶 cold tea red tea
yoghurt herbal tea black tea teachers’ lounge
3. 意见 (1) 我们应该认真倾听群众的意见。
看法
We should listen carefully to people’s opinions. (2) 两位领导人就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。 见解 (fml) The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern.
托福听力TPO1原文 Lecture 1
托福听力TPO1原文Lecture 1下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下托福听力TPO1原文中Lecture 1的文本内容吧，大家要好好把握，这些都是非常有价值的材料，希望能够给准备托福听力的同学带来帮助。
TPO 1 Lecture 1Contemporary artListen to part of a lecture in a contemporary art class.ProfessorOk, I’m going to begin this lecture by giving you your next assignment. Remember I said that at some point during this semester I wanted you to attend an exhibit at the Fairy Street Gallery and then write about it? Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up. It’s already started in fact, but it’ll be at the gallery for the next month, which should give you plenty of time to complete this assignment.The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen. Frantzen’s work may be unfamiliar to you since she’s a relatively young artist. But she’s got a very unusual style, compared to some of the artists we’ve looked at this term. But anyway, Frantzen’s style is what she herself calls Realistic Impressionism. So you’ve probably studied both of these movements separately, separate movements, Realism and Impressionism, in some of your art history courses. So who can just sum these up?StudentWell, Impressionism started in the late 19th century. Um…the basic impressionist style was very different from earlier styles. It didn’t depict scenes or models exactly as they looked. Um… Impressionist painters tended to apply paint really thickly, and in big brushstrokes, so the texture of the canvas was rough.ProfessorGood. What else? What were the subjects?StudentWell, a lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes, like people on the streets and in cafes, uh, lots of nature scenes, especially landscapes.ProfessorGood. So when you go to the exhibit, I really want you to take a close look at a certain painting. It’s a farm scene. And you will see it right as you enter the gallery. The reason I think this painting is so important is that it stresses the impressionist aspect of Frantzen’s style. It’s an outdoor scene, an everyday scene. It’s kind of bleak, but you can really see those broad brushstrokes and the blurry lines. The colors aren’t quite realistic. The sky is kind of, well an unnatural pinkish yellow. And the fence in the foregroundis blue, but somehow the overall scene gives an impression of a cold, bleak winter day on a farm. So that’s the impressionist side of her work.Oh, and speaking about farms, that reminds me. One interesting thing I read about Franzten is that when she first moved back to Iowa after living abroad, she often visited this place in her town called the Sales Barn. And the Sales Barn, it was basically this place where the local farmers bought and sold their cattle, their farm animals. And the reason Frantzen went there, and she later on would visit other places like dance halls, was to observe people and the ways that they moved. She really found that this helped her work---that it gave her an understanding of body movements and actions, how humans move, and stand still, what their postures were like, too.So, what about Realism? What are the elements of Realism we should be looking for in Frantzen’s work?StudentUm… real honest depictions of subject matter, pretty unidealized stuff, and pretty everyday subject matter, too.ProfessorGood. One other painting I really want you to look at is of a young woman surrounded by pumpkins. You will notice that the woman’s face is so realistic looking that it’s almost like a photograph. The woman’s nose is a little less than perfect and her hair is kind of messed up. This is realism. But then, the background of the painting, this woman with the pumpkins is wrapped in a blanket of broad thick brushstrokes, and, it’s all kinds of zigzagging brushstrokes and lines, kind of chaotic almost when you look at it close. And there are vibrant colors. There’s lots of orange, with little hints of an electric blue peeking out.I find Frantzen to be a very accessible artist. I mean, some artists, to appreciate them, you have to know their life story. But here’s a little bit about Rose Frantzen’s life anyway. She attended art school, but was told by one of her instructors that she was not good at illustration, that she should go into advertising instead. So she took advertising classes and fine arts classes too, until she was convinced by the head of an advertising agency that her work was really good, that she could be an artist. But of course, it’s not as easy as that, and so Frantzen had to paint other people’s portraits at places like art fairs just to make money to buy paint for her more serious art work. No matter what, she never stopped painting. And now, Frantzen is doing extremely well. And her work is being shown all over the country. So I think most of us would be discouraged if we had to face challenges and difficulties like that. But what’s important is that you keep at it that you don’t give up. That’s what is really important to remember.《当代艺术》独白：听一段节选自当代艺术课堂的讲座。
Lecture1 介绍及定位
注意：
剑5 P49 The Birth of Scientific English 判定 37. In 17th-century Britain, leading thinkers combined their interest in science with an interest in how to express ideas
剑5
T1 T2
passage1
约翰逊词典 人物传记 酚醛塑料 发展史
passage2
先天，还是后天？ 心理类 什么这么可笑？（副标题） 心理类
passage3
环境真相 环境类 科技英语的诞生 语言类
T3
T4
孩子的早起启蒙教育 教育类
野外旅行兴起的影响 发展史
消失的三角洲 环境类
缺陷美：钢化玻璃的问题 发展史
n.+n.
定位词
1. 特定名词n. 2. 特定动词v. 3. 特定形容词adj.及副词adv.
特定v.
P92 C5T4P2
Key words:
1. 主旨：越特殊越好–帮助区分及记忆 2. 一般为主+谓 3. 也可为 特殊状语
Practice
图表类：C6T3P3 P74
简答:C9T1PI P20
特定名词
特性：不可替换性
a、数字NO. & 大写
三大类：
b、限定词+名词n.
adj.+n. n.+n. n.+v.
c、专业术语
a、数字NO. & 大写
剑6 P18 Australia’s Sporting Success 简答题 13.By how much did some cyclists’ performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
z
環境工程 Environmental Engineering(1)
z ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾
環境工程通過健全的工程理論與實踐，來解決環境 衛生問題，主要包括： 提供安全、適飲/適用的公共給水； 適當處置與循環使用廢水與固體廢物； 建立城市與農村符合衛生要求的排水系統； 控制水、土壤和空氣污染，並消除這些問題對社會 和環境造成的影響。
環境科學 Environmental Science(3)
z
雖說環境科學的概念已存在幾個世紀，直到1960年和 1970年間，才廣泛地活躍於科學研究領域。主要原因 有：（一）需要一組多樣性學問的團隊來分析複雜的 環境問題，（二）建立一系列環境保護的法律，需要 精確的環境研究草案，（三）民眾逐漸了解，需要一 個解決環境問題的方案。 環境科學集合氣象改變、保護、生物多樣性、地下水 和土壤污染、天然資源的使用、廢棄物管理、持續性 發展、空氣污染和噪音污染等有關議題。 (…奈米、 基因改造生物、替代能源…..)
z
環境科學 Environmental Science(1)
z
z
環境科學是一門研究環境內的物質、化學和生 物之間交互作用的學說。特別關注人類活動所 帶來的環境污染和衰退，以及區域性和全球性 發展對生物多樣性和持續性的衝擊。 環境科學是一門橫跨不同學術領域的學科，它 採納各種基礎科學的理論，同時也從非科學學 術中擷取學說與應用，例如經濟學、法律學和 社會人文學。
評量方式
z z z
z z
期中報告1 (20%)、 期中報告2 (20%)、 專題期末報告(50%)、每兩人一組、各自選定 題目 (以生活週遭切身或有興趣之環境問題做 書面討論建議) 研討專題 、選五組做口頭報告與提問 出席參與(10%)
環境科學 Environmental Science(2)
z
z
z
物理學被用來了解物質和物能交互作用傳輸的 變遷，並建立環境現象的數據模型。(e.g. air, flow, solid waste etc.) 化學用來了解自然界原子的交互反應作用。 (e.g. toxic substances, water chemistry etc.) 生物學是基礎學說，用來解說植物和動物圈內 所受的影響(e.g. bioremediation, environmental hygiene)。
4/15 4/22 4/29 5/6 5/13 5/20 5/27
10 參觀水資源回收廠、生態工法工程、或資源回收廠 11 我們呼吸的空氣 – 空氣品質與空氣污染 12 煙囪的一端 – 空氣污染防治 13 安全的居家 – 危害物質與暴露風險 14 留給下一代的土地 – 土壤污染防治 15 公權力的支柱 – 環境政策、法規與全民參與 16 期末報告 Project Presentation 17 期末報告 Project Presentation 18 期末
週別 1 2 3 4 5 上 學 期 6 7 8 9 緒論
內
容
作
業
備 2/19 2/26 3/4 3/11 3/18 3/25 4/1 4/8
註
生物系統/生態系及人類對環境的適應與改變 您喝的是甚麼水 – 水資源與水污染源 您喝的是甚麼水 – 水資源與水污染源 打開水龍頭和沖馬桶 –水處理/廢水處理與再利用 我家的垃圾何處去 – 一般固體廢棄物 地球的資源 – 固體廢棄物與資源回收再利用 繁華工商的背後 – 事業廢棄物/期中 實廠參觀 實廠參觀 參觀水資源回收廠、生態工法工程、或資源回收廠
By Mackenzie L.Байду номын сангаасDavis, David A. Cornwell z
橫跨學術領域學科之綜合應用，如物理、化學、生 物學科等……
環境工程 Environmental Engineering(2)
涉及公共衛生領域裏的工程問題，例如控制藉由微生物/節 枝動物傳染的疾病，減少工業健康危害，為城市、農村和 公共場所提供合適的衛生設施，評價技術進步對環境的影 響等。 By Mackenzie L. Davis, David A. Cornwell
環境科學與工程概論
Environmental Science and Engineering Lecture 1 緒論 Introduction National University of Tainan February 2008 李政憲 Ph.D., P.Eng., LEED® AP.
你觀察到了嗎? 周遭的環境工程
授課教師簡介
z z z z z z z z
安全衛生技術中心 風險管理處 經理 工業技術研究院 能源與環境研究所 研究員/專案經理 British Columbia Institute of Technology, Canada 講師 Stantec Consulting Ltd. 工程技師/專案經理 University of British Columbia, Sustainable Development Research Initiative, Canada 研究工程師 美國綠色建築協會 註冊永續能源與環境設計(LEED® Accredited Professional) 加拿大註冊工程技師 新環工程顧問公司 環境工程師 英屬哥倫比亞大學 University of British Columbia 環境工程博士
期末報告 期末報告
6/3 6/10 6/17
主要讀本/參考書目
z
z
z
Introduction of Environmental Engineering and Science / 環境科學概論, Gilbert M. Masters著 /杜秋慧 許美芳 曾麗荷譯, 台北 : 高 立圖書, 2000 Introduction of Environmental Engineering and Science / 環境工程與科學概論, Gilbert M. Masters著 / 葉欣誠譯, 台北 : 五南出版社, 2004 土木與環境, 中國土木水利工程學會,台北 :科 技圖書, 2005
z ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾
Problem Identification and initiatives Environmental impact assessment (EIA), social, economic. and environmental factors Conceptual Design/Pilot test Detailed Design Construction Operation and maintenance Sustainable Development