Paloalto下一代防火墙运维手册
paloalto9管理手册
Palo Alto Networks防火墙管理手册1. 引言随着企业对于网络安全的需求日益增强，Palo Alto Networks的防火墙解决方案已成为业界的领导者。
本手册旨在为管理员提供关于Palo Alto Networks防火墙的全面管理指南。
2. 系统概述Palo Alto Networks的防火墙基于强大的安全操作系统，集成了多种安全功能，包括入侵防御、恶意软件检测、数据丢失防护以及内容过滤等。
它提供了一个单一的控制台，以实现策略的一致性和简化的管理。
3. 设备安装与部署3.1 硬件和环境需求：根据您的防火墙型号和预期的工作负载，请确保满足最低硬件要求，并选择合适的工作环境。
3.2 开箱即用：按照产品包装盒的指示进行基本设置，包括电源、网络连接等。
3.3 初始配置：通过Web浏览器或命令行界面进行初始配置，包括设置管理IP地址、创建登录凭据、配置网络接口等。
4. 设备管理与监控4.1 设备状态监控：使用Palo Alto Networks的GUI或CLI工具，监控设备的运行状态、网络流量、安全事件等。
4.2 策略管理：定义和应用安全策略，包括入站和出站流量控制、访问控制列表等。
4.3 日志和报告：收集和分析日志文件，生成报告以评估系统的性能和安全性。
5. 安全配置与优化5.1 安全更新与补丁：定期检查并应用安全更新和补丁，以修复已知漏洞。
5.2 安全配置：调整防火墙的配置，以增强安全性，例如限制远程访问、强化身份验证等。
5.3 安全审计：定期进行安全审计，检查潜在的安全风险和违规行为。
6. 故障排除与恢复6.1 故障识别：通过监控工具识别异常行为或性能下降。
6.2 故障排除：按照故障类型，采取相应的解决措施，例如检查网络连接、重启设备等。
6.3 数据备份：定期备份防火墙的配置和日志文件，以便在发生故障时快速恢复。
7. 高级特性与功能7.1 报告与仪表板：使用高级分析工具和报告功能，以获得更深层次的网络行为洞察力。
Paloalto下一代防火墙运维手册
Paloalto 防火墙运维手册目录1. 下一代防火墙产品简介 .................... 错误!未定义书签。
2. 查看会话 ......................... 错误!未定义书签。
. 查看会话汇总........................ 错误！未定义书签。
. 查看session ID ....................................... 错误！未定义书签。
. 条件选择查看会话....................... 错误！未定义书签。
. 查看当前并发会话数.................... 错误！未定义书签。
. 会话过多处理方法....................... 错误！未定义书签。
3. 清除会话 ........................ 错误!未定义书签。
4. 抓包和过滤 ....................... 错误!未定义书签。
5. CP成日内存查看.................... 错误!未定义书签。
. 管理平台CP成日内存查看 ................ 错误！未定义书签。
. 数据平台CP成日内存查看 ................ 错误！未定义书签。
. 全局利用率查看...................... 错误！未定义书签。
6. Debug和Less调试.................... 错误!未定义书签。
. 管理平台Debug/Less ................................... 错误！未定义书签。
. 数据平台Debug/Less ................................... 错误！未定义书签。
. 其他Debug/Less ..................................... 错误！未定义书签。
paloalto下一代防火墙技术
shape using QoS).User-ID: Enabling Applications by Users and GroupsTraditionally, security policies were applied based on IP addresses, but the increasingly dynamic nature of users and computing means that IP addresses alone have become ineffective as a mechanism for monitoring and controlling user activity. User-ID allows organizations to extend user- or group-based application enablement polices across Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS X, Apple iOS, and Linux users.Many of today’s applications provide significant benefit, but are also being used as a delivery tool for modern malware and threats. Content-ID, in conjunction with App-ID, provides administrators with a two-pronged solution to protecting the network. After App-ID is used to identify and block unwanted applications, administrators can then securely enable allowed applications by blocking vulnerability exploits, modern malware, viruses, botnets, and other malware from propagating across the network, all regardless of port, protocol, or method of evasion. Rounding out the control elements that Content-ID offers is a comprehensive URL database to control web surfing and data filtering features.Application Protocol Detection / Decryption Application ProtocolDecoding Application SignatureHeuristicsDATACC # SSN FilesVulnerability ExploitsViruses SpywareContent-IDURLSWeb FilteringTHREATS10.0.0.21710.0.0.22010.0.0.23210.0.0.24210.0.0.24510.0.0.22710.0.0.23910.0.0.22110.0.0.23210.0.0.21110.0.0.209User-IDEnd Station Polling Captive PortalLogin Monitoring Role DiscoveryFinance GroupNancy I MarketingSteve I FinancePaul I EngineeringApplication Visibility View application activity in a clear , easy-to-read format. Add and remove filters to learn more about the application, its functions and who is using them.Secure Application EnablementThe seamless integration of App-ID, User-ID, and Content-ID enables organizations to establish consistent application enablement policies, down to the application function level in many cases, that go far beyond basic allow or deny. With GlobalProtect™, the same policies that protect users within the corporate headquarters are extended to all users, no matter where they are located, thereby establishing a logical perimeter for users outside of the network.Secure enablement policies begin with App-ID determining the application identity, which is then mapped to the associated user with User-ID, while traffic content is scanned for threats, files, data patterns, and web activity by Content-ID. These results are displayed in Application Command Center (ACC) where the administrator can learn, in near real-time, what is happening on the network. Then, in the policy-editor, the information viewed in ACC about applications, users, and content can be turned into appropriate security policies that block unwanted applications, while allowing and enabling others in a secure manner. Finally, any detailed analysis, reporting, or forensics can be performed, again, with applications, users, and content as the basis.Application Command Center: Knowledge is PowerApplication Command Center (ACC) graphically summarizes the log database to highlight the applications traversing the network, who is using them, and their potential security impact. ACC is dynamically updated, using the continuous traffic classification that App-ID performs; if an application changes ports or behavior , App-ID continues to see the traffic, displaying the results in ACC. New or unfamiliar applications that appear in ACC can be quickly investigated with a single click that displays a description of the application, its key features, its behavioral characteristics, and who is using it.Additional visibility into URL categories, threats, and data provides a complete and well-rounded picture of network activity. With ACC, an administrator can very quickly learn more about the traffic traversing the network and then translate that information into a more informed security policy.Policy Editor: Translating Knowledge into Secure Enablement PoliciesThe knowledge of which applications are traversing the network, who is using them, and what the potential security risks are, empowers administrators to quickly deploy application-, application function-, and port-based enablement policies in a systematic and controlled manner. Policy responses can range from open (allow), to moderate (enabling certain applications or functions, then scan, or shape, schedule, etc.), to closed (deny). Examples may include:• Protect an Oracle database by limiting access to finance groups, forcing the traffic across the standard ports, and inspecting the traffic for application vulnerabilities.• Enable only the IT group to use a fixed set of remote management applications (e.g., SSH, RDP , Telnet) across their standard ports. • Define and enforce a corporate policy that allows and inspects specific webmail and instant messaging usage but blocks their respective file transfer functions.• Allow Microsoft SharePoint Administration to be used by only the administration team, and allow access to Microsoft SharePoint Documents for all other users. • Deploy web enablement policies that that allow and scan traffic to business related web sites while blocking access to obvious non-work related web sites and “coaching” access to others through customized block pages.Unified Policy EditorA familiar look and feel enables the rapid creation and deployment of policies that control applications,users and content.• Implement QoS policies to allow the use of both bandwidth-intensive media applications and websites but limit their impact on VoIP applications.• Decrypt SSL traffic to social networking and webmail sites and scan for malware and exploits.• Allow downloads of executable files from uncategorized websites only after user acknowledgement to prevent drive-by-downloads via zero-day exploits.• Deny all traffic from specific countries or block unwanted applications such as P2P file sharing, circumventors, and external proxies.The tight integration of application control, based on users and groups, and the ability to scan the allowed traffic for a wide range of threats, allows organizations to dramatically reduce the number of policies they are deploying along with the number of employee adds, moves, and changes that may occur on a day-to-day basis.Policy Editor: Protecting Enabled Applications Securely enabling applications means allowing access to the applications, then applying specific threat prevention and file, data, or URL filtering policies. Each of the elements included in Content-ID can be configured on a per-application basis.• Intrusion Prevention System (IPS): Vulnerability protection integrates a rich set of intrusion prevention system (IPS) features to block network and application-layer vulnerabil-ity exploits, buffer overflows, DoS attacks, and port scans. • Network Antivirus: Stream-based antivirus protec-tion blocks millions of malware variants, including PDF viruses and malware hidden within compressed files or web traffic (compressed HTTP/HTTPS). Policy-based SSL decryption enables organizations to protect against malware moving across SSL encrypted applications.• URL Filtering: A fully-integrated, customizable URL filtering database allows administrators to apply granular web-browsing policies, complementing application visibility and control policies and safeguarding the enterprise from a full spectrum of legal, regulatory, and productivity risks. • File and Data Filtering: Data filtering features enable administrators to implement policies that will reduce the risks associated with file and data transfers. File transfers and downloads can be controlled by looking inside the file (as opposed to looking only at the file extension), to determine if it should be allowed or not. Executable files, typically found in drive-by downloads, can be blocked, thereby protecting the network from unseen malware propagation. Finally, data filtering features can detect, and control the flow of confidential data patterns (credit card and social security numbers).Content and Threat Visibility View URL, threat and file/data transfer activity in a clear, easy-to-read format. Add and remove filters to learn more aboutindividual elements.Modern Malware Detection and PreventionMalware has evolved to become an extensible networked application that provides attackers with unprecedented access and control inside of the targeted network. As the power of modern malware increases, it is critical that enterprises be able to detect these threats immediately, even before the threat has a defined signature. Palo Alto Networks next-generation firewalls provide organizations with a multi-faceted approach based on the direct analysisof both executable files and network traffic to protect their networks even before signatures are available.• WildFire™: Using a cloud-based approach, WildFire exposes previously unseen malicious executable files by directly observing their behavior in a secure virtualized environment. WildFire looks for malicious actions within Microsoft Windows executable files such as changing registry values or operating system files, disabling security mechanisms, or injecting code into running processes. This direct analysis quickly and accurately identifies malware even when no protection mechanism is available. The results are immediately delivered to the administrator for an appropriate response and a signature is automatically developed and delivered to all customers in the next available content update. • Behavioral Botnet Detection: App-ID classifies all traffic at the application level, thereby exposing any unknown traffic on the network, which is often an indication of malware or other threat activity. The behavioral botnet report analyzes network behavior that is indicative of a botnet infection such as repeatedly visiting malware sites, using dynamic DNS, IRC, and other potentially suspicious behaviors. The results are displayed in the form of a list of potentially infected hosts that can be investigated as possible members of a botnet.Traffic Monitoring: Analysis, Reporting and Forensics Security best practices dictate that administrators strike a balance between being proactive, continually learning and adapting to protect the corporate assets, and being reactive, investigating, analyzing, and reporting on security incidents. ACC and the policy editor can be used to proactively apply application enablement policies, while a rich set of monitoring and reporting tools provide organizations with the necessary means to analyze and report on the application, users and content flowing through the Palo Alto Networks next-generation firewall.• App-Scope: Complementing the real-time view of applica-tions and content provided by ACC, App-scope provides a dynamic, user-customizable view of application, traffic, and threat activity over time.• Reporting: Predefined reports can be used as-is, customized, or grouped together as one report in order to suit the specific requirements. All reports can be exported to CSV or PDF format and can be executed and emailed on a scheduled basis.• Logging: Real-time log filtering facilitates rapid forensic investigation into every session traversing the network. Log filter results can be exported to a CSV file or sent to a syslog server for offline archival or additional analysis.• Trace Session Tool: Accelerate forensics or incident investigation with a centralized correlated view acrossall of the logs for traffic, threats, URLs, and applications related to an individual session.。
(完整版)Paloalto下一代防火墙运维手册V1.1
Paloalto防火墙运维手册目录1.下一代防火墙产品简介 (3)2.查看会话 (4)2.1. 查看会话汇总 (4)2.2. 查看session ID (5)2.3. 条件选择查看会话 (6)2.4. 查看当前并发会话数 (6)2.5. 会话过多处理方法 (7)3.清除会话 (8)4.抓包和过滤 (8)5.CPU和内存查看 (10)5.1. 管理平台CPU和内存查看 (10)5.2. 数据平台CPU和内存查看 (12)5.3. 全局利用率查看 (13)6.Debug和Less调试 (13)6.1. 管理平台Debug/Less (13)6.2. 数据平台Debug/Less (14)6.3. 其他Debug/Less (15)7.硬件异常查看及处理 (16)7.1. 电源状态查看 (16)7.2. 风扇状态查看 (17)7.3. 设备温度查看 (17)8.日志查看 (18)8.1. 告警日志查看 (18)8.2. 配置日志查看 (19)8.3. 其他日志查看 (19)9.双机热备异常处理 (20)10.内网用户丢包排除方法 (21)10.1. 联通测试 (22)10.2. 会话查询 (22)10.3. 接口丢包查询 (22)10.4. 抓包分析 (23)11.VPN故障处理 (23)12.版本升级 (24)12.1. Software升级 (24)12.2. Dynamic升级 (25)13.恢复配置和口令 (26)13.1. 配置恢复 (26)13.2. 口令恢复 (26)14.其他运维命令 (26)14.1. 规划化配置命令 (26)14.2. 系统重启命令 (27)14.3. 查看应用状态命令 (27)14.4. 系统空间查看命令 (28)14.5. 系统进程查看命令 (28)14.6. 系统基本信息查看命令 (29)14.7. ARP查看命令 (30)14.8. 路由查看命令 (30)14.9. 安全策略查看命令 (31)14.10. NAT策略查看命令 (31)14.11. 系统服务查看命令 (32)14.12. NAT命中查看命令 (32)14.13. UserIP-Mapping查看命令 (32)15.其他故障处理 (32)9.1. 硬件故障 (32)9.2. 软件故障 (33)9.3. 接口状态查看 (33)9.4. 软件故障........................................................................................错误!未定义书签。
Palo Alto Networks PA-500 下一代防火墙产品介绍说明书
HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS I/O • (8) 10/100/1000 MANAGEMENT I/O • (1) 10/100/1000 out-of-band management port, (1) RJ-45 console port STORAGE CAPACITY • 160GB HDD POWER SUPPLY (AVG/MAX POWER CONSUMPTION) • 180W (40W/75W) MAX BTU/HR • 256 INPUT VOLTAGE (INPUT FREQUENCY) • 100-240VAC (50-60Hz) MAX CURRENT CONSUMPTION • 1A@100VAC MEAN TIME BETWEEN FAILURE (MTBF) • 10.16 years
PERFORMANCE AND CAPACITIES1
Firewall throughput (App-ID enabled) Threat prevention throughput IPSec VPN throughput New sessions per second Max sessions IPSec VPN tunnels/tunnel interfaces GlobalProtect (SSL VPN) concurrent users SSL decrypt sessions SSL inbound certificates Virtual routers Security zones Max. number of policies
of port, encryption (SSL or SSH) or evasive technique employed.
• Use the application, not the port, as the basis for all safe enablement policy decisions: allow, deny, schedule, inspect, apply traffic shaping.
在vmware虚拟机中安装Paloalto下一代防火墙NGFW(英文)
Installing the PA 100 VM in VMware Workstation 9.xJohan Loosjohan@accessdenied.beVersion 1.0IntroductionThe PA 100-VM is a virtual firewall delivered as a VMware OVF. This is a way to package and distribute virtual machines. This file contains all the files needed to run your file into a virtual environment.I’m not running a VMware ESXi in my environment, butI have a VMware workstation 9.x on Windows 7 64-bit. When you buy a virtual instance of the firewall, you receive theauthorization codes from your reseller. When you import the files into VMware workstation,two cores are reserved, 4 GB of RAM and two network adapters.PA-VM2CPU4 GBNIC 340 GB NIC2NIC 1The first network adapter is used for management, the second network adapter is used as ethernet1/1 and the third network adapter is used as ethernet1/2. Additional network adapters can be added and are used as Ethernet interfaces by the firewall. It is important that these network adapters support vmxnet3. The can be verified in the virtual machine configuration file (.vmx). The following steps describe how to install the VM and configure your management access.Obtaining the bits task list❒Logon into the portal page on Palo Alto Networks❒Register your device❒Download and extract the source package❒Import your VM firewall into VMware workstation❒Configuring the management interface❒Register your firewall❒Update your device❒Clone a licensed device❒Managing the deviceLogon into the portal page on Palo Alto NetworksLogin with your username and password that you’ve used during registrat ionRegister the deviceUnder Manage Devices, select My VM-Series Auth-CodesClick on Add VM-Series Auth-CodeIn the Auth Code text box, type the Authentication Code that you’ve received from your resellerDownload and extract the source packageClick on Download link to download the packageAfter downloading the source package, the file phoenix-5.0.zip file is available Extract this zip file to a temporary locationImport your VM firewall into VMware workstationStart VMware WorkstationFrom the Menu, select File, Open and browse to your temporary locationType a name for your virtual machine (PAN100VM), specify a storage location and click ImportAfter you’ve imported the virtual machine, you can add additional network adapter to your virtual firewall. In my configuration, I’ve added an additionalnetwork adapter as you can see in following figureAfter adding additional network adapters, be sure that these network adapters are configured using vmxnet3. Browse to the location of your virtual firewall andopen the Virtual Machine Configuration file (PANVM100.vmx) as you can see inthe following figure:The network adapters are configured as follow:Configure the Management interfaceLaunch VMware Workstation and start the virtual machine PANVM100Logon into your VMAfter login, type Configure and press EnterIn Edit configuration mode, configure the management interface as in following figureType CommitRegister your firewallLogon to the Palo Alto websiteUnder Manage Devices, select VM-Series Auth-CodesSelect Register VM, type the UUID and CPUID. These values can be found in the Web UI | Dashboard | General Information and click on RegisterAfter adding the above information click on ActivateType the Authorization Code and click ActivateAfter successful activation, the following information is availableDownload the PA-VM license file and import this file into your PA VM under Device | Licenses | UploadThe management interface contact the updates server and download the updatesUpgrade your deviceThe device can be upgraded via a file or via the web UI.Clone a licensed deviceTwo identifiers are used for each instance of the VM firewall. The Universally Unique ID (UUID) and the CPU ID. The UUID is dedicated to each virtual machine and the CPU ID is not unique since it belongs to the host CPU.When you clone the VM, the UUID will change and the license is not valid anymore. The reason is that the license is bound to the UUID/serial number of the firewall. You cannot run two virtual machines with the same UUID.Managing the deviceYour firewall can be managed via a web browser. Configure a client computer within the same address range as the management interface. Open a web browser and login into the management UI.。
Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS 产品系列说明书
Software that runs all Palo Alto Networks® next-generation firewalls and provides complete visibility and control of applications in use across all users, in all locations, all of the time.
Need to Know
How Can Customers Upgrade?
PAN-OS 10.0 Upgrade Guide
Marketing campaign
Security Simplified
Resources
hi! PAN-OS 10.0
PAN-OS 10.0 Webinar Replay
Access to Previous Release Innovations PAN-OS 9.1 PAN-OS 9.0
PAN-OS 10.0 Highlights
TLS 1.3 Decryption
Natively Integrated IoT Security
Automates Device Quarantine
© 2020 Palo Alto Networks, Inc. Palo Alto Networks is a registered trademark of Palo Alto Networks. A list of our trademarks can be found at /company/trademarks.html. All other marks mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies.
Palo Alto Networks PA-3200系列产品数据手册说明书
PA-3200 SeriesPalo Alto Networks PA-3200 Series ML-Powered NGFWs—comprising the PA-3260, PA-3250, and PA-3220— target high-speed internet gatewayd eployments. PA-3200 Series a p pliances secure all traffic, including encrypted traffic, using dedicated processing and memory for networking, security, threat prevention, and management.PA-3220PA-3260PA-3250Highlights• World’s first ML-Powered NGFW • Eight-time Leader in the Gartner Magic Quadrant ® for Network Firewalls • Leader in The Forrester Wave ™: Enterprise Firewalls, Q3 2020• Highest Security Effectivenessscore in the 2019 NSS Labs NGFW Test Report, with 100% of evasions blocked • Extends visibility and security to all devices, including unmanaged IoT devices, without the need to deploy additional sensors • Supports high availability with active/active and active/passive modes • Delivers predictable performance with security services • Simplifies deployment of largenumbers of firewalls with optional Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP)The controlling element of the PA-3200 Series is PAN-OS®, the same software that runs all Palo Alto Networks Next- Generation Firewalls. PAN-OS natively classifies all traffic, inclusive of applications, threats, and content, and then ties that traffic to the user regardless of location or device type. The application, content, and user—in other words, the ele-ments that run your business—then serve as the basis of your security policies, resulting in improved security posture and reduced incident response time.Key Security and Connectivity FeaturesML-Powered Next-Generation Firewall• Embeds machine learning (ML) in the core of the firewall to provide inline signatureless attack prevention for file-based attacks while identifying and immediately stopping never-before-seen phishing attempts.• Leverages cloud-based ML processes to push zero-delay signatures and instructions back to the NGFW.• Uses behavioral analysis to detect internet of things (IoT) devices and make policy recommendations; cloud- delivered and natively i ntegrated service on the NGFW.• Automates policy recommendations that save time and r educe the chance of human error.Identifies and categorizes all applications, on all ports, all the time, with full Layer 7 inspection • Identifies the applications traversing your network i rrespective of port, protocol, evasive techniques, or en-cryption (TLS/SSL).• Uses the application, not the port, as the basis for all your safe enablement policy decisions: allow, deny, schedule, inspect, and apply traffic-shaping.• Offers the ability to create custom App-IDs for proprietary applications or request App-ID development for new appli-cations from Palo Alto Networks.• Identifies all payload data within the application, such as files and data patterns, to block malicious files and thwart data exfiltration attempts.• Creates standard and customized application usage re-ports, including software-as-a-service (SaaS) reports that provide insight into all SaaS traffic—sanctioned and u nsanctioned—on your network.• Enables safe migration of legacy Layer 4 rule sets to A pp-ID-based rules with built-in Policy Optimizer, giving you a rule set that is more secure and easier to manage. Enforces security for users at any location, on any device, while adapting policy in response to user activity• Enables visibility, security policies, reporting, and forensics based on users and groups—not just IP addresses.• Easily integrates with a wide range of repositories to lever-age user information: wireless LAN controllers, VPNs, d irectory servers, SIEMs, proxies, and more.• Allows you to define Dynamic User Groups (DUGs) on the firewall to take time-bound security actions without wait-ing for changes to be applied to user directories.• Applies consistent policies irrespective of users’ locations (office, home, travel, etc.) and devices (iOS and Android®mobile devices, macOS®, Windows®, Linux desktops, lap-tops; Citrix and Microsoft VDI and Terminal Servers).• Prevents corporate credentials from leaking to third-party websites, and prevents reuse of stolen credentials by enabling multi-factor authentication (MFA) at the network layer for any application, without any application changes.• Provides dynamic security actions based on user behavior to restrict suspicious or malicious users.Prevents malicious activity concealed ine ncrypted traffic• Inspects and applies policy to TLS/SSL-encrypted traffic, both inbound and outbound, including for traffic that uses TLS 1.3 and HTTP/2.• Offers rich visibility into TLS traffic, such as amount of encrypted traffic, TLS/SSL versions, cipher suites, and more, without decrypting.• Enables control over use of legacy TLS protocols, insecure ciphers, and incorrectly configured certs to mitigate risks.• Facilitates easy deployment of decryption and lets you use built-in logs to troubleshoot issues, such as applications with pinned certs.• Lets you enable or disable decryption flexibly based on URL category and source and destination zone, address, user, user group, device, and port, for privacy and regula-tory compliance purposes.• Allows you to create a copy of decrypted traffic from the firewall (i.e., decryption mirroring) and send it to traffic collection tools for forensics, historical purposes, or data loss prevention (DLP).Extends native protection across all a ttack v ectors with cloud-delivered security subscriptions• Threat Prevention—inspects all traffic to automatically block known vulnerabilities, malware, vulnerability exploits, spyware, command and control (C2), and custom intrusion prevention system (IPS) signatures.• WildFire® malware prevention—unifies inline machine learning protection with robust cloud-based analysis to instantly prevent new threats in real time as well as dis-cover and remediate evasive threats faster than ever.• URL Filtering—prevents access to malicious sites and protects users against web-based threats, including c redential phishing attacks.• DNS Security—detects and blocks known and unknown threats over DNS (including data exfiltration via DNS tun-neling), prevents attackers from bypassing security mea-sures, and eliminates the need for independent tools or changes to DNS routing.• IoT Security—discovers all unmanaged devices in your network quickly and accurately with ML, without the need to deploy additional sensors. Identifies risks and vul-nerabilities, prevents known and unknown threats, pro-vides risk-based policy recommendations, and automates e nforcement.Delivers a unique approach to packet processing with Single-Pass Architecture• Performs networking, policy lookup, application andd ecoding, and signature matching—for any and all threats and content—in a single pass. This significantly reduces the amount of processing overhead required to perform multiple functions in one security device.• Enables consistent and predictable performance when s ecurity subscriptions are enabled.• Avoids introducing latency by scanning traffic for alls ignatures in a single pass, using stream-based, uniform signature matching.Enables SD-WAN functionality• Allows you to easily adopt SD-WAN by simply enabling it on your existing firewalls.• Enables you to safely implement SD-WAN, which is natively integrated with our industry-leading security.• Delivers an exceptional end user experience by minimizinglatency, jitter, and packet loss.* Firewall throughput is measured with App-ID and logging enabled, utilizing 64 KB HTTP/appmix transactions.† Threat Prevention throughput is measured with App-ID, IPS, antivirus, anti-spyware, WildFire, file blocking, and logging enabled, utilizing 64 KB HTTP/appmix transactions.‡ IPsec VPN throughput is measured with 64 KB HTTP transactions and logging enabled.§ New sessions per second is measured with application-override, utilizing 1 byte HTTP transactions.||Adding virtual systems over base quantity requires a separately purchased license.Note: Results were measured on PAN-OS 10.0.3000 Tannery WaySanta Clara, CA 95054Main: +1.408.753.4000Sales: +1.866.320.4788Support: +1.866.898.9087© 2020 Palo Alto Networks, Inc. Palo Alto Networks is a registeredt rademark of Palo Alto Networks. A list of our trademarks can be found at https:///company/trademarks.html. All other marks mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies.pa-3200-series-ds-110220To view additional information about the features and a ssociated capacities of the P A-3200 Series, please visit /network-security/next-g eneration firewall/pa-3200-series.。
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Paloalto防火墙运维手册目录下一代防火墙产品简介Paloalto下一代防火墙(NGFW)是应用层安全平台。
解决了网络复杂结构，具有强大的应用识别、威胁防范、用户识别控制、优越的性能和高中低端设备选择。
数据包处理流程图：查看会话可以通过查看会话是否创建以及会话详细信息来确定报文是否正常通过防火墙，如果会话已经建立，并且一直有后续报文命中刷新,基本可以排除防火墙的问题。
2.1.查看会话汇总命令：showsessioninfo举例：admin@PA-VM>showsessioninfo说明：通过以上命令可以查看到设备支持会话数的最大值，从而检查是否有负载的情况发生。
2.2.查看sessionID命令：showsessionidXX举例：说明：从以上命令中可以看出到底是否存在非法流量，可以通过检查源地址和目的地址端口等信息2.3.条件选择查看会话命令：showsessionallfiltersource[ip]destination[ip]application[app]举例：说明：可以检查一些风险会话2.4.查看当前并发会话数命令：showsessioninfo举例：当前并发会话13个，而最大会话为262138，说明会话利用率并不高，最后一条红色标记为新建数值。
说明：了解设备当前并发会话情况2.5.会话过多处理方法命令：1、showsessionall（检查所有session）是否不法流量）session（检查该showsessionidXX、2．说明：如果发现会话数大于设备可支撑的性能，需要按照以上步骤检查和清除或者防御通过第一步发现占会话总数较多的ID，通过第二步检查该ID是否存在不法app或者其他流量，通过Dos保护或者会话限制该IP数目（如果确定是攻击，可以通过安全策略屏蔽该IP地址访问）。
清除会话命令：Clearsessionall举例：可通过sessionid、源或目的IP、源或目的端口或清除所有会话。
说明：将会话清除。
抓包和过滤在做debug/less或者抓包调试的时候，最好把PA的fastpath功能关掉，这样可以更加完整的看到交互的数据报文，关闭命令为：SetdeviceconfigsettingsessionoffloadnoSetsessionoffloadno命令：1、创建过滤规则：Debugdataplanepacket-diagsetfiltermatchsourcedestination2、开启过滤规则：Debugdataplanepacket-diagsetfilteron、配置抓包对象：3．（抓取来自接口接收的报文）（抓取地址转换后的报文）（抓取经过防火墙的报文）4、全局抓包开关：Debugdetaplanepacket-diagsetcaptureon5、查看全局抓包配置：Debugdetaplanepacket-diagshowsetting6、关闭抓包Debugdetaplanepacket-diagsetcaptureoff7、清除所有抓包内容Debugdetaplanepacket-diagclearall8、删除文件举例：说明：paloalto可以通过抓包的方式来分析故障情况。
CPU和内存查看1.1.管理平台CPU和内存查看命令：showsystemresources举例：说明：通过以上命令可以查询到数据平台的cpu使用情况和内存使用情况。
如发现CPU过高的情况，可以通过showsystemresourcesfollow 这个命令去检查到底是哪项应用有超负载行为：-1可以检查哪个CPU频率高，默认为合并-M可以检查内存使用率是否过高检查异常应用是否必要使用，否则请关闭，如果不清楚需要开case 分析问题。
1.2.数据平台CPU和内存查看命令：showrunningresource-monitor举例：说明：通过以上命令可以查询到管理平台的cpu使用率，查看该CPU 哪个应用占用的程序比较大，根据情况关闭相关应用，例如flow_lookup是检查会话是否存在进程，flow_forwarding是transmit 地址转换进程，如果不确定的情况下开case解决问题。
1.3.全局利用率查看命令：showcounterglobal举例：说明：可以根据数据平台和管理平台综合情况，去查看具体哪个应用利用率超标，综合判断引起故障的要点。
调试Less和Debug在PA的debug是为了获取等多的排障详细信息，这个命令相当于show的命令，主要是查看管理平台和数据平台额外信息从而判断问题的根本原因。
Less为管理和数据平台log日志的查看，对比起GUI使用CLI的less 能看到更多的详细数据交互信息，从而判断问题的根本原因。
6.1.管理平台Debug/Less命令：lessmp-log/tailfollowyesmp-log举例：说明：查看管理平台日志信息可以通过辅助命令去实现：使用tail可以实时发现流量情况，例如该命令为查看管理平台的认证情况。
6.2.数据平台Debug/Less命令：debugdataplane举例：说明：使用debugdataplane可以查看数据平台流量，例如内存的详细使用情况等。
6.3.其他Debug/Less命令：debugikeglobalondebug（查看VPNike信息）（查看VPNike日志信息）举例：说明：查看VPNike交互过程，可以通过tailfollowyes的方式实时查看数据报文的交互。
命令：debuglog-receiverstatistics（查看日志情况）（查看日志缓存情况）举例：说明：可以通过该命令来检查日志工作情况。
硬件异常查看及处理7.1.电源状态查看命令：showsystemenvironmentalspower举例：说明：当Alarm列为True时，表示电源状态异常，此时需要检查供电设施（如机柜电源及电源插排）是否正常供电，在确认供电正常，防火墙电源仍然异常时，可以生成诊断信息文件，提供给PaloAlto厂商case处理，以确认电源模块是否故障或损坏。
7.2.风扇状态查看命令：showsystemenvironmentalsfans举例：说明：当Alarm为True时，表示风扇状态异常。
RPMs为False时，表示风扇不转。
此时需到现场检查设备风扇是否转动（用手放在．风扇后面，看是否能感受到风）。
如果风扇不转，则需要对其进行更换。
7.3.设备温度查看命令：showsystemenvironmentalsthermal举例：说明：当Alarm为True时，表示温度状态异常。
异常时需要确定机房温度是否过高，或者散热系统是否受阻。
日志查看8.1.告警日志查看命令：showlogalarm举例：说明：告警可以根据属性筛选如开始时间或者结束时间等等8.2.配置日志查看命令：showlogconfig举例：说明：可以通过条件选择来筛选需要的配置日志信息8.3.其他日志查看命令：showlog举例：说明：使用该命令可以查看到系统日志、流量日志、野火日志等双机热备异常处理．命令：showhigh-availabilitystate（查询防火墙HA双机状态）showhigh-availabilityall（查询完整的HA信息）showhigh-availabilitystate-synchronization（询HA同步信息）requesthigh-availabilitystatesuspend（手工切换防火墙HA状态，运行此命令的防火墙将会从Active/Passive状态切换为暂停状态）requesthigh-availabilitystatefunctional（手工恢复防火墙HA状态）举例：说明：由于PaloAlto采用将管理平台和数据转发平台分离的硬件结构，因此PaloAlto的HA同步方式也采用管理平台和数据转发平台之间单独同步。
PaloAlto防火墙HA的状态主要有如下四种：Initial—初始化状态，此状态为防火墙在发现对等体并且进行HA状态协商前保持的状态，时间阀值为60秒。
60秒过后，如果防火墙在未发现对等体时，将会转换为Active状态。
—活跃状态，此状态为的防火墙处理所有的业务流量Active Passive—被动状态，此状态为备份状态，备份主状态防火墙所有业务流量Suspended—暂停状态，此状态为防火墙管理员手工暂停Non‐functional—错误状态，主备防火墙都将可能出现此故障状态当防火墙发生故障时故障时可以根据状态来判断和使用命令内网用户丢包排除方法10.1.联通测试命令：pingsource<IP_addr_src_int>host<IP_addr_host>pinghost<IP>举例：说明：指定源接口进行ping测试，如果不通，可以ping自己，如果本机不通可能考虑端口协议没有起来，可以调试端口协商模式，或者接口没有接好，检查网线（光纤）情况。
10.2.会话查询命令：showsessionall举例：说明：可以参考上节会话命令判断故障内容，查看是否在PA是否存在该会话信息。
10.3.接口丢包查询命令：showcounterglobal|matchdrop举例：说明：查询全局计数器中中存在的Drop数据包，如果有丢包请查看是否因为安全策略引起。
10.4.抓包分析命令：debugdataplanepacket-diagsetfilteron说明：请参考上节抓包和过滤分析。
VPN故障处理命令：1、showvpnflow（查看防火墙加解密状态）2、showvpngateway（查看防火墙vpn配置）3、showvpnike-sa（查看防火墙第一阶段IKESA状态）4、showvpnipsec-sa（查看防火墙第二阶段IpsecSA状态）5、showvpntunnel（查看防火墙tunnel配置）6、（debug/less调试）举例：常见的VPN故障报错信息：说明:WrongIP:在建立VPN两端的设备上面没有使用正确的公网IP地址进行VPN的建立。
NomatchingP1orP2Proposal:在建立VPN两端的设备上面使用的加.保持协议不匹配Hash解密算法，数据完整性算法，MismatchedPeerID:在建立VPN两端的设备上面使用的PeerID不匹配. PFSGroupmismatch:在建立VPN两端的设备上面使用不同的DHgroups. MismatchedProxyID:在建立VPN两端的设备上面使用的ProxyID不匹配（通常发生在使用Policybased）因此，在PaloAlto上面，可以通过一系列的查询命令来进行Vpn建立不成功的故障排查版本升级12.1.Software升级命令：1、requestsystemsoftwarecheck（执行版本检查）2、requestsystemsoftwaredownload（执行软件下载）3、requestsystemsoftwareinstall（执行系统软件安装）4、requestrestartsystem（执行设备重启）举例：说明：需要注意的是升级版本后需要重启设备。