高英四课文参考译文
课文A参考译文Unit 1冰雪卫士——奈拉•B•史密斯人们常说骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒来说吧，他们取得的一个又一个的胜利让他们相信自己战无不胜，没有什么可以阻挡他们，但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士会证明他们是错的。
1 1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑•波拿巴率领大军进入俄罗斯。
他为面对俄罗斯人民保卫家园而要进行的坚决抵抗做好了准备。
他想到了要经过长途跋涉才能到达俄罗斯的首都莫斯科，为此也做好了准备。
但他没有为在莫斯科会遭遇到的劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷刺骨的寒冬——做好准备。
2 1941年，纳粹德国元首阿道夫•希特勒对当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯发起了进攻。
希特勒的军事力量无可匹敌。
他的战争机器扫除了欧洲大部分地区的抵抗。
希特勒希望在最短的时间内结束战斗，但是，就像他的前人拿破仑一样，他得到了惨痛的教训。
俄罗斯的冬天又一次帮助了苏维埃士兵。
拿破仑发起的战役3 1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境集结60万大军。
这些士兵都训练有素，有很强的作战能力，而且都有精良的装备。
这支军队被称为“大军”。
拿破仑对迅速胜利充满信心，预言要用5个星期攻下俄国。
4 不久，拿破仑的大军经过涅曼河进入俄国。
拿破仑所期盼的迅速、决定性的胜利并没有出现。
令他吃惊的是，俄国人并没有反抗。
相反，他们一路向东撤退，沿途焚毁庄稼和房屋。
“大军”紧追不舍，但它的前进很快由于后勤补给缓慢而停顿下来。
5 到了8月，法军和俄军在斯摩棱斯克开火，在这次战役中，双方各有上万人死在战场上。
可是，俄国军队又能继续向自己领土的纵深撤退。
拿破仑并没有取得决定性的胜利。
此刻他面临着一个生死攸关的抉择：是继续追击俄军，还是为了度过即将来临的冬天而把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克呢？6 拿破仑决定冒险向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发。
1812年9月7日，法俄两军在鲍罗季诺展开激烈的战斗，此地在莫斯科以西112公里外。
夜幕降临时，法军和俄军分别有3万和4.4万名士兵的死伤。
7 俄国军队再次撤退到安全的地方。
拿破仑没有遭到任何抵抗顺利的进入了莫斯科。
然而，对莫斯科城的占领却成了毫无意义的胜利。
俄国人已撤离了他们的首都。
法国人进城不久，一场熊熊大火烧毁了整个城市的三分之二。
拿破仑向俄国沙皇亚历山大一世提出了停战的请求，但沙皇知道他可以等待时机：“我们将让俄罗斯的严冬为我们而战。
”8 拿破仑很快意识到，他不能给他驻扎在俄罗斯的军队提供可以过冬的食物、衣物和宿营之地。
1812年10月，他下令让“大军”从莫斯科撤出。
9 法军的撤退成了一场噩梦。
在田野、在森林，俄军向法军发起了游击战。
刚撤到离莫斯科城不远的地方，气温就已经降到了摄氏零下4度。
11月3日降下冬天的第一场雪。
精疲力竭的马匹在撤退的路上倒地而死。
大炮已经陷入雪中。
为了得到燃料，装备不得不被焚烧。
士兵们有的得病，有的活活的冻死。
法国士兵拖着疲惫的脚步艰难前行，他们所经过之处横尸遍野。
10 当俄军聚集力量之时，法军为了避免注定的失败，却不得不逃离俄国。
在别列兹那河，俄军烧掉了涨水的河道上的桥梁，差点将撤退的法军困住。
然而，拿破仑运气很好，又架起了两座新桥。
几千法国士兵逃脱出来，但是以5万多人的生命为代价的。
渡过别列兹那河，衣衫褴褛的幸存者便一瘸一拐地朝维尔纽斯的方向行进。
11 拿破仑当初向俄国发兵60万，而今只有不到10万士兵能够撤回来。
士气被削弱了的法国军队经过欧洲继续向西撤退。
不久，英国、奥地利、俄国以及普鲁士四国结成强大的联盟，攻击拿破仑的这些残兵。
1814年3月，巴黎被攻占。
拿破仑退位并被流放，他的帝国也随之走向了灭亡。
希特勒的入侵12 到1941年初，纳粹德国元首阿道夫•希特勒，已经控制了欧洲大部分地区。
希特勒的德意志帝国的东边是苏联。
1941年6月22日，希特勒在没有宣战的情况下，开始了历史上规模最大的一场陆地战役——入侵苏联。
希特勒自信能很快取得这场战役的胜利，并预计时间不会超过3个月。
他计划采用闪电式战略，他曾使用这一战略征服了欧洲的其它地区。
分三路入侵：一路向列宁格勒进攻,一路攻打莫斯科，一路攻打乌克兰。
13 由于对这场战役毫无准备，苏联领导人约瑟夫•斯大林下令全国人民在德国侵略者到来之前实行“焦土”政策。
农场和工厂被烧毁，它们变得毫无用处。
在入侵后的前10个星期内，德国人的前线一路向东推进，俄国有百万人的死伤。
14 在北方，德国人逐渐向列宁格勒缩小包围圈。
尽管遭受到极大折磨，列宁格勒的人民拒绝了投降。
列宁格勒战役一直拖到了冬天，此时该市的情况变得非常危急。
由于缺乏食物，人们死于饥饿与疾病。
到了1941年和1942年之间的寒冬，每天有将近4千人饿死。
对列宁格勒的围困造成近百万人死亡。
15 在俄国中部，希特勒的目标是攻下莫斯科。
由于德国人最初期望迅速取得胜利，因此他们没有准备过冬的军需物资。
进入10月，下起了大雨。
“泥泞将军”使德国的闪电战的速度缓慢下来。
16 正当希特勒的军队离莫斯科越来越近的时候，寒冷的冬季早早地来到了苏联，那是近年来最寒冷的冬天。
气温降到摄氏零下48度，漫天大雪纷纷落下。
由于德国士兵对俄国的寒冬毫无准备，他们仍然穿着夏天的军装，一个个都被冻僵了。
德国人的坦克被掩埋在了雪堆之中。
俄罗斯的冬季使德国的进攻停了下来。
17 到1942夏天，希特勒又发动了两场新的攻势。
在南方，德国人占领了塞瓦斯托波尔。
随后希特勒向东推进到斯大林格勒，那是沿伏尔加河绵延48公里的一座大工业城市。
尽管忍受着极大的艰难困苦，苏联抵抗者们拒绝放弃斯大林格勒。
18 1942年11月，苏军发动了一场反击。
德国军队在斯大林格勒城内外很少有或根本没有避寒的地方，再加上缺乏食物和补给，德军的实力遭到很大的削弱。
直到1943年1月德国人才放弃对斯大林格勒的围困。
在攻打斯大林格勒的30万德军中，只有9万忍饥挨饿的士兵幸存下来。
斯大林格勒一战的失败最终扭转了战争形势。
德国人的胜利成为泡影，这得部分地归功于俄罗斯寒冷的冬天。
19 在1943年与1944年期间，苏联军队使得德军前线不断向西后退。
在北方，1944年1月15日，苏联红军发动突然袭击，解除了德军对列宁格勒长达3年之久的围困。
两周内，列宁格勒那些英勇的幸存者们就目睹了入侵者的撤退。
到了1944年3月，乌克兰的农村地区又回到了苏联人手中。
1944年5月9日，塞瓦斯托波尔从德国人手中被解放出来。
此时，俄军向柏林挺进。
20 对希特勒而言，入侵苏联成了一场军事灾难。
对俄罗斯人民来说，这场灾难给他们带来的困苦是无法形容的。
在第二次世界大战中苏维埃死亡的人数达到将近2300万。
俄罗斯的冰雪卫士21 任何军事行动都必须把自然的因素考虑在内。
拿破仑和希特勒都低估了俄罗斯冬季的严酷。
雪、冰和严寒的气温给两支入侵军队都带来了巨大的损失。
对俄罗斯人民而言，冬天是他们的冰雪卫士。
Unit 3得到你想要的工作——哈维•B•麦凯经营自己公司的哈维•麦凯经常面试求职者。
文中他告诉我们雇主看重求职者的那些品质，并提出四点建议，帮助你显得比众人突出。
1 我经营着一家制造公司，有350名左右的员工，我经常亲自对求职者进行面试，并亲自决定是否雇佣他们。
我喜欢与潜在的销售人员交谈，因为他们是我们与顾客连结的纽带。
2 不久前一个新毕业的大学生到我办公室想要找一份销售工作。
我问他为这次面试他做了什么准备没有。
他说在什么地方读了关于我们公司的一些情况。
3 为了了解我们公司的更多情况，他给麦凯信封公司的任何人打过电话吗？没有。
他给我们的供应厂商打过电话吗?我们的客户呢? 都没有。
4 他有没有在就读的大学里查问过，看看有没有毕业生在本公司工作，以便向他们了解一些情况?他有没有请朋友对他进行模拟面试呢?他有没有去图书馆去找有关我们公司的剪报呢?5 他有没有事先写封信来告诉我们关于他自己的一些情况，并告诉我们为这次面试他在做哪些准备，为什么觉得自己适合做这份工作呢？他是否打算面试之后给我们写一封信，表明自己迫切希望加入本公司呢?他会不会在面试后的24小时之内把信送到我们手上，甚至是亲自送来呢?6 对上述每一个问题的回答全都一样的：没有。
这样我就只有另外一个问题要问了：如果他去见一个我们潜在的客户，他会做好准备吗？我已经知道答案了。
7 在我看来，要想被聘用，应注意一下四个关键点：8 1．准备去赢。
“一日不练，自己知道，”音乐家中有这样的说法。
“两日不练，评论家知道。
三日不练，听众知道。
”9 我们在观看世界级音乐家或非常优秀的运动员表演时，我们看不到在他们出类拔萃的背后他们所做出的年复一年的准备。
世界上诸如迈克尔•乔丹这样的顶尖人物无疑是有天赋的，但他们也是第一个到，最后一个离开篮球场的人。
人类的各种奋斗都需要同样的苦练。
要想得到一份工作，就要准备去赢。
10 我大学毕业时，我很有可能一生从事同一个工作。
结果也的确如此。
但如今被聘已经不再是一生只有一次的体验了。
就业指导专家认为，今天的大学毕业生在他们的职业生涯中工作变动可能会多达10次。
11 听上去似乎压力很大。
然而，如果你作好了准备，压力就是别人的——那些没做好准备的人。
12 你不可能得到你所追求的每份工作。
最好的销售员也不可能每笔生意都成交。
迈克尔•乔丹投篮命中还不到百分之五十。
但认真准备一次面试的时间不会多于凑凑合合准备五次面试的时间，而认真准备会使你成功的可能性大很多。
13 2．永不中断学习。
最近我和一位90高龄的老者搭档打网球双打。
我琢磨着那会是什么结局；可我的担心是多余的。
我们以两个6-1击败对手。
14 我们交换场地打第三盘时，他对我说“我打反手你不介意吧?我向来喜欢多练练自己的弱点。
”一个多么好的永不中断学习的实例啊！顺便说一下，我们以6-1赢了第三盘。
15 当我们走出赛场时，我那90高龄的搭档笑着说：“你也许想知道我在美国85岁以上年龄段的网球双打比赛中排名第一!”他想的不是90的高龄，想的甚至也不是85岁。
他想的是第一。
16 如果你努力锻炼克服自己的弱点，发挥自己的长处，你同样可以做得和那位老人一样那么好。
要想竞争，你就得终生学习。
17 3. 相信自己，即使没人相信你。
还记得那4分钟跑一英里的事吗?几百年来，运动员们一直努力想要做到这一点，但最终认定人类的身体无法做到。
我们的骨骼结构不行，我们的肺活量也不够。
18 可是，有一个人证明专家们都错了。
奇迹中的奇迹是，在罗杰•班尼斯特打破4分钟一英里的纪录6个星期之后，约翰•兰迪又打破了班尼斯特所保持的纪录，他比罗杰•班尼斯几乎快出整整2秒。
此后，大约有800多名运动员打破了4分钟一英里的记录。
19 几年前，我和女儿米米试着参加了纽约的马拉松比赛。
发令枪一响，23,000名运动员冲出起跑线，其中有21,244名运动员到达了终点。
第一名是一位肯尼亚人，他是以2小时11分钟零1秒跑完全程的。
第21,244名运动员是一位越战老兵。
大学英语4 the acy defender 课文翻译
They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, th at nothing could stand in their way. Russia's icy defender was to prove them wron g.人道是骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧，他们所向披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。
但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。
The Icy DefenderNila B. Smith1 In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army in to Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defendi ng their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Mo scow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.冰雪卫士奈拉·B·史密斯1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。
他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。
他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。
《全新版大学英语阅读教程4(高级本)》课文翻译
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 《全新版大学英语阅读教程4(高级本)》课文翻译《全新版大学英语阅读教程 4（高级本）》 ------普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材译文（部分） 1.The Campers at Kitty Hawk 在这篇文章中，John Dos Passos 运用散文和诗歌两种文学形式，讲述了莱特兄弟制造的世界上第一架飞机，这是人类历史上最重要的里程碑之一。
他还描述了杰出的莱特兄弟的生活，他们去 kitty Hawk 不是为了野营，而是去完成一个听起来不可能的事情。
1903 年 12 月 17 日,住在俄亥俄州代顿市霍桑街一幢木头房子里的兄弟联合会主教、曾任《宗教嘹望》报编辑的莱特先生收到了他的儿子威尔伯和奥维尔发来的电报。
他们两个突发奇想, 去北卡罗来纳州海岸沙丘上的一个小宿营地度假 ,给自己匆忙赶制的滑翔机做一些修补。
电文：周四早成功四次飞行，在 21mile/hour 从水平面起飞，仅靠引擎力量启动，平均 31mile/hour 最长 57 秒。
数字有点出入，因为电报员误读了奥维夫的潦字。
但事实并没改变，来自 dayton，俄亥俄州的两个单车修理工设计，建造，并试飞了一架真正的飞机。
电机预热几分钟后，我松了拉住飞机在跑道的绳，飞机迎风冲去。
韦伯扶着机翼跑以保持机身的平衡，以免跑出跑道。
不像 14 号那天，今天电机平静的向前稳行，直面 27M/H 的风。
1/ 6韦伯一直扶着它直到它跑了 40 英尺后起飞。
一个救命的摄影师拍下了它离地两英尺的一幕。
它当时刚飞到跑道尾部，飞行过程上下摇摆既不稳定，归因于空气的不平稳和驾驭经验的不足。
一个猛扎结束了它 120 英尺的飞行旅程。
高级英语第4课InauguralAddress课件翻译译文
4.Inaugural Address(January 20, 1961)John F. Kennedy目的/重点Aims1.To know how to make good conversation2.T o trace the history of the King’s English3.T o learn the methods in developing an expository writing,esp. the use of examples4.T o analyse the features of spoken English5.T o appreciate the language featuresTeaching Contents1. Exposition2. History of Britain3. Detailed study of the text4. Organizational pattern5. Language features6. The characteristics of spoken EnglishTime allocation1. Exposition and history (15 min.)2. Detailed study of the text (105 min.)3. Structure analysis (15 min.)4. Language appreciation (15 min.)5. The characteristics of spoken English (30 min)课文内容4. Inaugural Address(January 20, 1961)John F. Kennedy1 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.2 The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe, the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God.3 We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.4 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.5 This much we pledge--and more.6 To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.7 To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom, and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.8 To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required, not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.9 To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.10 To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.11 Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.12 We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.13 But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course--both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.14 So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.15 Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.16 Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.17 Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.18 Let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah to "undo the heavy burdens...(and) let the oppressed go free".19 And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor, not a new balance of power, but a new world of law, where the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved.20 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.21 In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.22 Now the trumpet summons us again--not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need; not as a call to battle, though embattled we are; but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, "rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation," a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself.23 Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in the historic effort?24 In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility; I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.25 And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.26 My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.27 Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.(from A Treasury of the World's Great Speeches, 1965)NOTES1. inaugural address: since 1937, Inauguration Day has been changed to Jan. 20. On this day every four years the newly elected president of the United States faces the people for the first time, takes the presidential oath of office and delivers his inaugural address.2. solemn oath: the presidential oath, traditionally administered by the Chief Justice, is prescribed in Article II, section 1 of the Constitution of the United States. The oath runs as follows: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. "3. The belief that the rights of man.., hand of God: refers to a passage in the American Declaration of Independence: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. "4. command of Isaiah: one of the greatest Hebrew prophets whose writings are extant (late 8th century B. C. ) ; venerated by rabbis as 2nd only to Moses. The Book of Isaiah, a book in the Old Testament of the Bible of the Christian, is believed to be a work of two authors of different periods; chapters 1--39 relate to the history of the Israelites; chapters 40--66 foretell the coming of the Messiah. The quotation in the text is taken from chapter 58, verse 6: "Is not this the fast that I have chosen? to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye break every yoke?"教学教案背景知识课文详解文章结构修辞学习课文录像课文录音词汇短语词汇(Vocabulary): of an inauguration就职(典礼)的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: be a sign or indication of；mean表明；意味----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: having unlimited power；all—powerful有无限权力的；全能的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: an ancester 祖先，祖宗----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: set down as a rule or direction；order；ordain；direct命令；指示；规定，订立----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: the quality of being generous慷慨；宽宏大量----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: person who appears to get some trait from a predecessor or seems to carry on in his tradition继承者；后嗣----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: enemy；opponent敌人----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: the act of bringing to ruin，disgrace，or destruction毁灭；破坏----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: in disagreement；quarreling意见不一致；有争执----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: into parts or pieces分成碎片；分散----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a person or thing that falls victim to someone or something牺牲品；掠夺品----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a subverting or being subverted．ruin 颠覆(活动)；破坏----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: independent of all others独立自主的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: surpass；exceed在速度上超过；胜过----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a violent verbal attack．strong criticism，insults, curses, etc.; vituperation 抨击；辱骂，谩骂----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: any person or thing that guards，protects，or defends; protection保护人；防护物；保护----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a formal legal document ordering or prohibiting some action命令；律令；文书；传票----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a person who opposes or fights against another; opponent；enemy对手，反对者；敌手，敌方----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: again重新，再----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: release from or as from a leash(解开皮带以)释放----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: swallow up；overwhelm 吞没，淹没，压倒----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: politeness．esp. in a merely formal way 礼貌，客气----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: talk about at unnecessary length唠唠叨叨地反复讲----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: put together and express (a theory．plan ,etc.)a systematic way系统地阐述(或提出)(理论、计划等)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: draw upon；make use of开发、发掘----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: pay close attention to；take careful notice of注意, 留神，留心----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a position established by invading troops on an enemy shore；a position gained as a secare starting point for any action；foothold滩头堡，登陆场；立足点----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: an earnest attempt or effort努力，尽力----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: any form of evidence，indication. etc.；proof证明，证据----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: [常用于被动语态]prepare，array，or set in line for battle使准备战斗，使严阵以待----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: great misery or distress, as from oppression；deep sorrow苦难；困苦；忧伤----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: move forward steadily，as if against difficulties; form；produce(似乎迎着困难)稳步前进；形成；结成----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a close association for a common objective as of nations，political parties，etc．联盟，联合，同盟----------------------------------------------------------------------------------短语(Expressions): in dispute；to be decided；at variance；in disagreement意见不一致例：What is at issue is the extent to which exam results reflect a student’s ability.意见的分歧之处在于考试对于学生能力的影响程度。
牛津高中英语模块4课文翻译
牛津高中英语模块4课文翻译Unit 1 ReadingAdvertisements Nowadays, we can find advertisements almostwherever we go. We are so used to them that we often do not even realize how manywe see and hear in a day. I did some research on advertisements, and have some very important information to share with you. 此刻，不论我们走到哪里，几乎都能够看见广告。
我们已经对广告屡见不鲜，甚至经常都意识不到在一天中看见或听见多少广告。
我对广告进行了一些研究，有一些特别重要的信息要与你分享。
What is an advertisement 什么是广告 An advertisement uses words and pictures to persuade people to buy aproduct or a service, or to believe in an idea. Newspapers, magazines, the Internet, radio and television are the most common places to find them. There are two maintypes of advertisements---commercial advertisements and public serviceadvertisements (PSAs). A commercial advertisement is one which someone has paidfor to advertise a product or service. PSAs are often run for free, and are meantto educate people about health, safety, or any other problem that affects publicwelfare. 广告使用文字、图片来说服人们购置一种产品或服务，或许接受某种观念。
高级英语第四课译文
第四课外婆的日用家当艾丽斯·沃克尔我就在这院子里等候她的到来。
我和麦姬昨天下午已将院子打扫得干干净净，地面上还留着清晰的扫帚扫出的波浪形痕迹。
这样的院子比一般人想象的要舒适，它不仅仅是一个院子，简直就像一间扩大了的客厅。
当院子的泥土地面被打扫得像屋里的地板一样干净，四周边缘的细沙面上布满不规则的细纹时，任何人都可以进来坐一下，一边抬头仰望院中的榆树，一边等着享受从来吹不进屋内的微风。
麦姬在她姐姐离去之前将会一直心神不定：她将会神情沮丧地站在角落里，一面为自己的丑陋面孔和胳膊大腿上晒出的累累疤痕而自惭形秽，一面怀着既羡慕又敬畏的心情怯生生地看着她姐姐。
她觉得她姐姐真正是生活的主人，想要什么便能得到什么，世界还没有学会对她说半个“不”字。
你一定从电视片上看到过“闯出了江山”的儿女突然出乎意料地出现在那跌跌撞撞从后台走出来的父母面前的场面。
(当然，那场面必定是令人喜悦的：假如电视上的父母和儿女之间相互攻击辱骂，他们该怎么样呢?) 在电视上，母亲和儿女见面总是相互拥抱和微笑。
有时父母会痛哭流涕，而那发迹了的孩子就会紧紧地拥抱他们，并隔着桌子伸过头来告诉他们说若没有他们的帮助，她自己就不会有今日的成就。
我自己就看过这样的电视节目。
有时候我在梦里梦见迪伊和我突然成了这种电视节目的剧中人。
我从一辆黑色软座垫大轿车上一下来，立刻被人引进一间宽敞明亮的屋子里。
屋里有许多人，其中一个身材高大威武，满面微笑，有点像著名电视节目主持人约翰尼·卡森的美男子迎上来和我握手，并对我说我养了个好女儿。
然后，我们来到台前，迪伊热泪盈眶地拥抱着我，还把一朵大大的兰花别在我的衣服上，尽管她曾对我说过兰花是很低级的花。
在现实生活中，我是一个大块头、大骨架的妇女，有着干男人活儿的粗糙双手。
冬天睡觉时我穿着绒布睡衣，白天身穿套头工作衫。
我能像男人一样狠狠地宰猪并收拾干净。
我身上的脂肪使我在寒冬也能保暖。
我能整天在户外干活儿，敲碎冰块，取水洗衣。
高级英语lesson4课文翻译
The Trial That Rocked the World震撼世界的审判约翰.司科普斯John Scopes1、A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court onthat sweltering July day in1925.The counsel for my defence was the famouscriminal lawyer Clarence Darrow.Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan,the silver-tongued orator,three times Democratic nominee forPresident of the United States,and leader of the fundamentalist movement that had brought about my trial.在一九二五年七月的那个酷热日子里，当我在挤得水泄不通的法庭里就位时，人群中响起一阵嘁嘁喳喳的议论声。
我的辩护人是著名刑事辩护律师克拉伦斯.达罗。
担任主控官的则是能说会道的演说家威廉.詹宁斯.布莱恩，他曾三次被民主党提名为美国总统候选人，而且还是导致我这次受审的基督教原教旨主义运动的领导人。
2、A few weeks before I had been an unknown school-teacher in Dayton,a little town in the mountains of Tennessee.Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over.Seated in court,ready to testify on my behalf,were a dozen distinguished professors and scientists,led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University.More than100reporters were on hand,and even radio announcers,who for the first time in history were to broadcast a jury trial."Don't worry,son,we'll show them a few tricks," Darrow had whispered,throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open.几个星期之前，我还只是田纳西州山区小镇戴顿的一名默默无闻的中学教员，而现在我却成了一次举世瞩目的庭审活动的当事人。
新人教版高中英语必修四完整课文译文
新人教版高中英语课文译文必修四第一单元卓有成就的女性Reading 非洲野生动物研究者清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。
简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解了黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。
我们当天的首相任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。
这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开时黑猩猩睡觉的大树旁。
大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候黑猩猩睡醒了，准备离开。
然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。
在大部分时间里，黑猩猩或互相喂食，或彼此擦身，这在它们的家族里是爱的表达方式。
简预先提醒我们，到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。
她说对了，但是到了傍晚时分我们就觉得这一切都是值得的。
我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们一起回窝里睡觉了。
我们明白了黑猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。
在简之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。
她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。
从孩提时代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。
但是，这不是一件简单的事。
当她1960年最初来到贡贝时。
对女性来说，住进大森林还是很稀罕的事情。
她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
她的工作改变了人们对黑猩猩的看法。
比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。
而在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。
她曾经亲眼看到过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。
她还发现了黑猩猩是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩身势语的研究帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。
40年来，简·古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。
她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不是用于娱乐或公告。
她还为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的专门的保护区，她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所说的：“我一旦停下来，所有的一切就会涌上心头。
我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。
每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是萦绕着我。
高英四课文参考译文
课文A参考译文Unit 1冰雪卫士——奈拉•B•史密斯人们常说骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒来说吧，他们取得的一个又一个的胜利让他们相信自己战无不胜，没有什么可以阻挡他们，但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士会证明他们是错的。
1 1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑•波拿巴率领大军进入俄罗斯。
他为面对俄罗斯人民保卫家园而要进行的坚决抵抗做好了准备。
他想到了要经过长途跋涉才能到达俄罗斯的首都莫斯科，为此也做好了准备。
但他没有为在莫斯科会遭遇到的劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷刺骨的寒冬——做好准备。
2 1941年，纳粹德国元首阿道夫•希特勒对当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯发起了进攻。
希特勒的军事力量无可匹敌。
他的战争机器扫除了欧洲大部分地区的抵抗。
希特勒希望在最短的时间内结束战斗，但是，就像他的前人拿破仑一样，他得到了惨痛的教训。
俄罗斯的冬天又一次帮助了苏维埃士兵。
拿破仑发起的战役3 1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境集结60万大军。
这些士兵都训练有素，有很强的作战能力，而且都有精良的装备。
这支军队被称为“大军”。
拿破仑对迅速胜利充满信心，预言要用5个星期攻下俄国。
4 不久，拿破仑的大军经过涅曼河进入俄国。
拿破仑所期盼的迅速、决定性的胜利并没有出现。
令他吃惊的是，俄国人并没有反抗。
相反，他们一路向东撤退，沿途焚毁庄稼和房屋。
“大军”紧追不舍，但它的前进很快由于后勤补给缓慢而停顿下来。
5 到了8月，法军和俄军在斯摩棱斯克开火，在这次战役中，双方各有上万人死在战场上。
可是，俄国军队又能继续向自己领土的纵深撤退。
拿破仑并没有取得决定性的胜利。
此刻他面临着一个生死攸关的抉择：是继续追击俄军，还是为了度过即将来临的冬天而把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克呢？6 拿破仑决定冒险向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发。
1812年9月7日，法俄两军在鲍罗季诺展开激烈的战斗，此地在莫斯科以西112公里外。
夜幕降临时，法军和俄军分别有3万和4.4万名士兵的死伤。
7 俄国军队再次撤退到安全的地方。
人教 高中英语必修四课文加翻译
Unit1A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFEIt is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: "Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget ..."She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women. 非洲野生动物研究者清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。
高一英语必修四课文逐句翻译(人教版)
高一英语必修四课文逐句翻译(人教版)1.必修四Unit1A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE非洲野生动物研究者It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. 清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. 我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。
Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. 简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。
Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. 我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。
This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. 这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。
Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. 大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候猩猩们睡醒了，准备离开。
Then we follow as they wander into the forest. 然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。