20111206032957_同位语从句(Appositive Clause)
The appositive clause同位语从句
The explanation that he couldn’t see the car is unsatisfactory.
他看不见(不能够看见)那辆小汽车这种解释是不能令人满意的。(先行词是 explanation)
Have you any proof that he is a thief？
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Can you produce any evidence that he was not at home that night? 你能否提出证据，说明他那天夜里不在家？ (先行词是 evidence) She went to the meeting on the supposition that people would not assail her with questions. 她去参加了这次会议，以为人们不会向她提出许多问题。 (先行词是 on the supposition ) He was allowed to go swimming on condition that he kept near the other boys. 让他去游泳的条件是他不离开别的孩子。 (先行词是 on condition )
这时就产生了这样一个问题：我们在哪儿能找到所需要的机器。(先行词 是question )
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(3)在probability(可能性、机会), certainty (必然性), likelihood (相似性、可能), evidence (证据)等词后和在 on condition (只要…、条件是…), on the supposition (假定…、以为…、在假设…前提下), on the ground of (由于…、因为…), on the understanding (以…为条件), with the exception (除…之外), in spite of the fact(不管…)等成语后，也可用作为同位 语从句。
雅思语法复习：同位语从句
雅思语法复习：同位语从句雅思语法复习：同位语从句同位语从句1. 在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句(appositive clause)。
同位语从句的形式与定语从句相似。
两者之前都有先行词，但是与先行词的关系不同：同位语从句与先行词同位或者等同，定语从句则与先行词是修饰关系。
同位语从句的先行词多为news, fact, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用连词that。
如：The assumption that robots will make humans redundant and replaceable is groundless.认为机器人将令人类变得多余和可取代的假设是站不住脚的。
We should not lose sight of the fact that significantly fewer women apply for senior positions in comparison with men.我们不应该忽略这一事实和男性相比更少的女性申请上级职位。
2. 关联词that在非正式文体中可以被省去。
如：He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the London plane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往伦敦的飞机了。
(同位语从句he was boarding省去了关联词that)3. 同位语从句偶尔用关联词whether引导。
如：He was tortured by the doubt whether or not he should venture to go south.他为他是否可以冒险去南方这种疑虑所折磨。
4. 疑问代词who, which, what和疑问副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。
同位语从句英语表达
同位语从句英语表达英文回答：Appositive clauses are subordinate clauses that provide additional information about a noun or noun phrase that comes before it. They are also known as nonrestrictive clauses because they do not limit the meaning of the noun or noun phrase they modify. Instead, they add extra details or information that helps to identify or describe the noun or noun phrase.Appositive clauses are typically introduced by a comma and can be placed either before or after the noun or noun phrase they modify. For example:The boy, who was only ten years old, was the youngest member of the team.The team, which had been practicing for months, was ready for the big game.In the first example, the appositive clause "who was only ten years old" provides additional information about the noun "boy". It tells us that the boy is young, which helps to explain why he is the youngest member of the team.In the second example, the appositive clause "which had been practicing for months" provides additional information about the noun "team". It tells us that the team has been preparing for the big game, which helps to explain why they are confident that they will win.Appositive clauses can be used to provide a variety of information about a noun or noun phrase, including:Additional details: Appositive clauses can provide additional details about a noun or noun phrase, such as its size, shape, color, or location. For example:> The house, which was painted white, was located on a hill overlooking the town.Background information: Appositive clauses can provide background information about a noun or noun phrase, such as its history, purpose, or significance. For example:>The Declaration of Independence, which was adopted in 1776, is the founding document of the United States.Examples: Appositive clauses can provide examples of a noun or noun phrase, such as its different types, forms, or uses. For example:> Animals, which include mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish, are found all over the world.Definitions: Appositive clauses can providedefinitions of a noun or noun phrase, such as its meaning, purpose, or significance. For example:>Democracy, which is a form of government in which the people have the power, is an important value in many countries.Appositive clauses are a versatile tool that can beused to add a variety of information to a sentence. Theycan help to identify, describe, or explain a noun or noun phrase, and they can also provide additional details, background information, examples, or definitions.中文回答：同位语从句是提供它前面名词或名词短语附加信息的从属从句。
高考英语二轮复习：AppositiveClause同位语从句的基础知识回顾与应用课件(28张PPT)
Tips: that 在定语从句中是关系代词,
dream, decision, My mother’s promise
4 Rules of Appositive Clause
report,
problem, concern; suggestion, proposal,
advice．
Rule1 1.My mother’s promise that I could have an ice lolly after class was a big happiness to me. 2. I felt very happy when I worked out the problem how I could get enough money for the snacks.
Rule2 3.The sweet memory that I enjoyed Cartoons with my sister still makes me happy.
4.I enjoyed every happy moment despite the concern whether I can hold out. Rule3 5.I felt happy because the question how I could get a seat in library was easy for me.
Observe the sentences and discuss in groups to find the rules
Rule1：同位语从句要用 陈述句语序。 Rule2：that 在同位语从句中是连词, __无____意义, ___不__作____成分, __不__能___省略.
Appositive clause
同位语从句讲义1．定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。
在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为doubt，fact, hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility, news, idea, thought, question, promise，reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词。
如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。
注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。
如：I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。
连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。
如：The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
同位语从句(Appositive Clause)
同位语从句(Appositive Clause)在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。
基本信息在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。
同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。
详细信息一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。
同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。
同位语从句1. 名词作同位语Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。
2.短语作同位语I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。
3. 直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”4. 句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
同位语从句用法同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定"一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
什么是同位语从句
什么是同位语从句？同位语从句（Appositive Clause）是一个从句，用来进一步解释、说明或补充主句中的名词或名词短语。
同位语从句通常紧跟在被解释的名词或名词短语后面，用来对其进行进一步的说明或解释。
同位语从句通常由连词that引导，但在口语中通常可以省略。
同位语从句与主句的关系是同位关系，它们共同指代或解释同一个名词。
下面是同位语从句的一些常见用法：1. 解释或说明：同位语从句可以用来解释或说明主句中的名词或名词短语的含义或特点。
- The fact that she passed the exam surprised everyone.（同位语从句解释名词）- His belief that hard work pays off is inspiring.（同位语从句解释名词短语）2. 补充信息：同位语从句可以用来补充主句中的名词或名词短语的信息，进一步丰富其含义。
- The news that they are getting married spread quickly.（同位语从句补充名词）- Her statement that she would resign shocked everyone.（同位语从句补充名词短语）3. 引用或引述：同位语从句可以用来引用或引述他人的话语或观点。
- He made it clear that he would not tolerate any more delays.（同位语从句引用他人的话语）- The professor's claim that dolphins are highly intelligent creatures sparked a heated debate.（同位语从句引用他人的观点）同位语从句与主句之间是一种同位关系，用来进一步解释、说明或补充主句中的名词或名词短语。
在使用同位语从句时，我们需要注意连词的选择，通常使用that来引导同位语从句。
Apposition Clause同位语从句
一、比较： 同位语从句：
五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
The suggestion that we discuss the problem all over again is a good one.
What is the suggestion? The suggestion is that we discuss the problem all over again. 定语从句: The suggestion that he gave at the meeting was a good one.
Which suggestion was a good one? The suggestion that he gave at the meeting.
二、区别
1、 同位语从句是对前面的名词是同等的关系,是作进一步解释、 说明它是什么、是谁；that不充当句子成份，没有词义。 2、 定语从句是修饰前面的先行词；是从属的关系，that在句 中充当主语或宾语，有实际意义。
4.同位语从句：how how可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能 用how作为引导词
It's a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
5.同位语从句：who who, whom, which, when, where, why 用来引导同位语从句 The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。 She raised the question where we could get the fund.
e.g. We heard the news that our team had won.
什么是同位语从句
什么是同位语从句？同位语从句（Appositive Clauses）是一种修饰名词或代词的从句结构，用于进一步说明或补充该名词或代词的含义。
同位语从句位于被修饰名词或代词之后，并用逗号或破折号与主句分开。
以下是一些使用同位语从句的例子：- My friend, who is a doctor, is coming to visit me.- The book, which was written by a famous author, is very interesting.- Mr. Smith, the CEO of the company, will give a speech at the conference.如上例所示，同位语从句用于进一步说明或描述被修饰名词或代词的身份、特征、状态等。
它们提供了更多的信息，使句子更加丰富和具体。
在同位语从句中，关系代词（如who、which、that）引导从句，并在从句中担当特定的语法角色（如主语、宾语等）。
同位语从句可以使用不同的关系代词来表达不同的关系。
以下是一些常见的关系代词及其用法：- who：用于指人，作为主语或宾语。
- which：用于指物，作为主语或宾语。
- that：既可以指人也可以指物，作为主语或宾语。
- whose：用于指人或物，表示所属关系。
- whom：用于指人，作为宾语。
- where：用于指地点，表示地点关系。
- when：用于指时间，表示时间关系。
通过使用同位语从句，我们可以为名词或代词提供更多的细节和信息，使句子更加丰富和有说服力。
同时，同位语从句也可以帮助我们更好地表达思想和观点，增强语言的表达能力。
在英语写作中，掌握同位语从句的使用可以提升文章的质量和表达的准确性。
人教版高一英语 3 Unit 5 语法同位语从句Appositive Clauses课件
三建议 advise(advice), suggest(suggestion), propose(proposal)
四要求 desire, demand, require, request
（3）有关 doubt
名词doubt后接同位语从句
肯定句 否定句
whether that
There is no doubt ____t_h_a_t_ they will win the game. There is some doubt ___w_h_e_t_h_etrhey will win the game.
The fact that some countries are still suffering from poverty is really a big problem to the world.
3.注意事项
(1)分割式同位语从句：有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在要 解释说明的名词后面，而是被隔开
The fact has worried many scientists ______t_hatthe earth is
同位语： 对句子中某一名词( 短语) 作进一步解
释、说明，与前面的名词( 短语) 在语 法上处于同等地位的句子成分。
同位语从句
在复合句中，充当同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它通常跟在某些名词之后，用以进一步解释、说明该 名词的具体内容。 1.常见跟同位语从句的名词
fact, hope, belief, idea, doubt, news, problem, possibility, ev接词
台 阶 而扎 实工 作 为此 特做 以 下政 教 工作 计 划
、贯 彻 以 德治国
一 、 加强 全体 教师 的 思想 政 治工 作 的 思想 在 教育 体 制改 革 的精 神 推动 下 坚 持 团 结求
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同位语从句（Appositive Clause）在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。
同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。
同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。
1. 名词作同位语Mr. Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。
2.短语作同位语I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。
3. 直接引语作同位语But now th e question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”4. 句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
同位语从句用法同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定"一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。
I’ve come from Mr. W ang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that，whether,连接代词what，who。
连接副词how, when, where等。
（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。
）He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
同位语从句-引导词同位语从句的引导词，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。
1. 连词that引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。
（作idea的同位语）【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2. 连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。
其它引导词引导的同位语从句连接代词what, who, whom, whose, 引导同位语从句1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。
（what 作定语）2).The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主语）4. 连接副词引导同位语从句连接副词when, where, how, whyWe haven’t yet settled the question where we are g oing to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
先行词1．定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question， thought，belief，conclusion等少数名词。
例如：①The boy who is playing football is my classmate．②Those who work hard will succeed．③The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody．④The fact that you are talking about is important．在①句中，划线部分是定语从句，其先行词是名词 boy，它不能用作同位语从句的先行词。
在②句中，划线部分也是定语从句，其先行词是代词those，代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词。
在③句中，划线部分是同位语从句，其先行词是名词fact，它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词，④句便是一例。
由以上分析可见，同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词，但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。
2．when，where，why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。
例如：①I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing．②I have no idea when she will be back．在①句中，划线部分是when引导的定语从句，其先行词day是表示时间的名词；在②句中，划线部分是when引导的同位语从句，其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词。
引导词定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：that，when，where，why。
下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。
1．引导词that引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词，它除了起连接作用，还在定语从句中充当一定成分，并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词，它只起连接作用。
不能省略。
例如：①The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting．②We heard the news that our tea m had won．在①句中，划线部分是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，在意义上指代先行词news。
在②句中，划线部分是同位语从句，that没有任何意义，只起连接作用。
2．引导词when，where，why引导定语从句时，它们叫做关系副词，在从句中充当状语，可以转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式；引导同位语从句时，它们叫做连接副词，在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式。
例如：①I will never forget the day when I joined the army．②We have no idea when she was born．在①句中，划线部分是定语从句，when在从句中作状语，它可以转换成on which 的形式；在②句中，划线部分是同位语从句， when在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式。
③This is the house where I lived two years ago．④He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held．在③句中，划线部分是定语从句，where在从句中作状语，它可以转换成in which 的形式；在④句中，划线部分是同位语从句， where在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式。
⑤This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting．⑥The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent．在⑤句中，划线部分是定语从句，why在从句中作状语，它可以转换成for which 的形式；在⑥句中，划线部分是同位语从句，why在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式。
同位语从句、定语从句区别that 既可引导同位语从句又可引导定语从句，其区别在于：1.同位语从句由连接词that引导，连接词that本身无意义，在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，不可省略，不可以用其他词替代；2.定语从句由关系代词that引导，关系代词that在从句中充当一定的成分，作宾语时可省略.由when，where，why引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别在于：同位语从句由连接副词只起连接作用，没有指代作用；定语从句由关系副词引导，关系副词具有指代先行词的作用，常用一个介词加关系代词替换。