英语人教版九年级全册初中常见时态总结 思维导图式
英语时态思维导图
一般现在时一、标志词always (总是) usually (通常) often (经常) sometimes (有时) never (从不) every (每一)二、基本用法1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。
2.表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
3.表示客观现实。
三、构成1.be动词：主语+be动词（am is are）+其它.2.行为动词：主语+行为动词+其它。
四、句型肯定句：A. be 动词：be+主语+其它。
B. 行为动词：主语+动词（注意人称变化）+其它。
否定句：A.be动词：主语+be+not+其它。
B.行为动词：主语+助动词（do/does）+not+d动词原形+其它一般疑问句：A.be动词：be+主语+其它。
B.行为动词：助动词（Do/Does）+主语+动词原形+其他.特殊疑问词：疑问词+一般疑问句现在进行时一、标志词now（现在）, look（看），listen（听）二、基本用法表示现阶段正在进行的动作三、基本结构1.肯定句：主语+be动词+动词现在分词（ing）+其它。
2.否定句：主语+be动词+not+动词现在分词（ing）+其它。
3.一般疑问句：be动词+主语+现在分词（ing）+其它。
4.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。
一、标志词tomorrow（明天），soon（不久），will（将要=be going to）二、基本用法表示在在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
三、基本结构1.肯定句：主语+ be going to + 动词原形。
主语+will+动词原形。
2.否定句：主语+ be going to +动词原形。
主语+ won’t + 动词原形3.一般疑问句：Be + 主语+ going to +动词原形Will + 主语+ 动词原形4.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句一、标志词yesterday（昨天），ago（以前），before（在...之前）二、用法1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
人教版初中英语九年级全册语法知识点思维导图
｀how引导的特殊疑问句by+doing sthThe+比较级，the+比较级It's+形容词+for sb to do sth Sb find it+形容词+to do sth 固定搭配的用法finish doing sth/t 「y to do sthwhat引导的感叹旬What+ (a/an)+ad」＋名词(+主话＋谓语＋其他）lHow+ad」/adv+主语＋谔语＋其他l情态动词wou ld 、could 的用法Could you please tell me how to get to the post office ?Section A How I Learned to Learn EnglishSection B How Can You Become a Successful Learner?Section A Full Moon,Full FeelingsSection B The Spirit of ChristmasSection A Fun T imePark-Always a Fun TimeUnit1 How can we become good learners7Unit2 I think thatmooncakes are delicious!Unit3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?Could you please tell me where the 「estau「ants a「e?used to do 的用法I used to be af 「aid of the dark. 形容词最离级的用；the+序数词＋最窝级+N 第几One of the/形容词性物主代词+N s 谓语用三单N o matter+whaVwhen/where 二whatever/whenever/whereverSection B Could You please (7)Section A From Shy Girl to Pop Sta「Section B He Studies Harder Than He Used T oSection A The Dificult Search for American Products in the USb e made from和be made of 的用法和区别般现在时的被动语态am/is/are+过去分词Section B Beauty 1n Common Thingssometi m e 一段时间sometimes有时some times几次sometime某个时候等饲语辨析be used by sb. 被某人使用—股过去时的被动语态was/we飞＋过去分词常用的系动词有look,feel,be,become,get,turn,smell,taste,stay(保待），keep 等词的用法Section A AnAccidental InventionSection B Do You Know When BasketballWas Invented?r section A Mom Konws BestUnit4 I used to be afraid of the darkUnit5 What are the shirts made of?Unit6 When was it invented?Unit? Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothesalso 、创her 、too 的用法She is a sixteen-year-old girl 二She is sixteen yea 「s oldSection B Should I Be Allowed to Make My Own Decisions? IUnit8 It must belong to Carla.Section A Read the article and decide which might be the best titlesomething,anything,nothing, everything等不定代词There must be something visiting our home must, m ay, m ight, c ou l d,may,can't S ecti o n B Stonehenge---Can Anyone Exp固n Why It Is There?The d心onary must be mineSection A What Do You Feel Like Watching Today?Unit9 I like music that I can dance toSection A Read the following opinionsUnit10 You're supposed to shake hands.Unit11 Sad moviesmake me erUnit12 Life is full of the unexpected.Unit13 We'「e tr ying to save the earth!Section A The Shirt of a Happy Man,ection B The Winnin a函m Section A Life Is Full of the UnexpectedSection B Read the passageSection A Save the Sharks!Section A I RememberUnit14 I remember meeting all of vou in Grade7Section B Readthe passageI like music that I can dance toWe are supposed to stoo smokin g .it 是形式主语或形式宾语I was supposed toarrive at7:00make sb do/make sb adjSoft and quiet music makes me relax.I 过去完成时的逻用By the time I got outside,the bus had already leftI was about to go up to my of f ice when I decided to get a cof f ee firstHe used not to stay up late.清态动词的被动语态情态动词+be +动词的过去分词a d ifferent些基本句型的I凡固和使用I remember being avolunteer.。
初中英语人教版 中考 语法专题 10 动词的时态和语态
专题十动词的时态和语态1.定义时态：是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式语态：是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
3. 思维导图：动词的时态和语态时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时语态主动语态被动语态be 的八种形式含情态动词1.动词的时态1.常考的时态构成及用法a.一般现在时d.现在进行时e.过去进行时f.过去将来时g.现在完成时h.过去完成时2. 动词的语态a. 分类：主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态：表示并语是动作的执行者c.主动语态和被动语态的转换规则典型例题总分：50分姓名：得分：1.单选题（每小题1分，共50分）( ) 1. Jenny, together with the Greens the White Tower Park if it tomorrow.A.are going to; isn't rainyB.is going to; doesn't rainC.are going to; won't rainD.is going to; isn't rain( ) 2. The old man for quite some time.A.has diedB.dieC.has deadD.has been dead( ) 3. It is reported that a tall building in the city next year.A.will be builtB.were buildC.have builtD.will build( ) 4. My sister for 2 years.A.has marriedB.have got marriedC.has been marriedD.married( ) 5. Chinese ________in many schools around the world and many people love to learn it.A.teachesB.is teachingC.has taughtD.is taught( ) 6. When Tom was in primary school, he ________the piano every day.A.playsB.playedC.was playingD.has played( ) 7. A baby's first month birthday is a special event in China and _____with a special Party.A.celebratesB.is celebratedC.was celebratedD.will celebrate( ) 8. -Were you at home at 9 o'clock last night？-Yes, I a shower at that time.A.tookB.was takingC.was takenD.am taking( ) 9. National Day celebrations for China's seventieth birthday in about three months.A.will be heldB.will holdC.is heldD.was held( ) 10. We don't know if he tomorrow. If he, I will call youA.will come, will comeB.will come, comeses, will comees, comes( ) 11. He told me that he ______ his uncle in Thailand the next day.A.will visitB.has visitedC.is going to visitD.would visit( ) 12. -Tom, do you know ________? -In Beijing.A.where will the 24th Winter Olympics be heldB.where the 24th Winter Olympics will holdC.where the 24th Winter Olympics will be heldD.where will the 24th Winter Olympics hold( ) 13. Peter with his classmates ________ for the bus when the earthquake happened.A.is waitingB.was waitingC.are waitingD.were waiting( ) 14. his museum ________ here for over 80 years. It ________ one of the oldest buildings in this city.A.is; wasB.had been; isC.was; has beenD.has been; is( ) 15. -Mrs. Brown, how long can books from the school library ?-At most two weeks.A.borrowB.keepC.be borrowedD.be kept( ) 16.-An AI robot _____in our school dining hall next term.-I'm looking forward to it.A.will useB.will be usedC.is usedD.was used( ) 17. Usually a baby's face ____ smooth.A.is feelingB.feltC.feels likeD.feels( ) 18. She _____ an English magazine when I came in.A.readsB.has readC.will readD.was reading( ) 19. I will call you as soon as he______ here.A.arriveB.will arriveC.arrivesD.arrived( ) 20. Boys and girl, ______ learning and have fun!A.keepB.to keepC.keepingD.kept( ) 21. There ______a basketball game between these two grades in the gym this afternoon.A.willB.is going to haveC.is going to beD.will have( ) 22. We ______TV from seven to nine last night.A.were watchingB.will watchC.watchedD.watch( ) 23. Jack's mother taught me how ________ Yunnan rice noodles last weekend.A.to makeB.makingC.makeD.to making( ) 24. Mrs. Green said the plates ________ right away，or they would become difficult to wash.A.will be washedB.should washC.will washD.should be washed( ) 25. The documentary Under the Dome (《苍穹之下》)which ________ by Chai Jing showed us that the air pollution in China was very serious.A.producesB.producedC.is producedD.was produced( ) 26. -What did you do last night?- I ________ my homework and watched TV.A.didB.doC.am doingD.will do( ) 27.The hospital is very famous. It _______ in 2001.A.buildsB.builtC.was builtD.is built( ) 28.These rules are made the disabled.A.protectB.protectedC.to protectD.protecting( ) 29. -How much does the TV ?-Not too much. It's just a second-handed one.A.costB.spendC.takeD.pay for( ) 30. -Have you ever ________ an amusement park?- Yes, I have ________ Fun Times Amusement Park last year.A.been to, have gone toB.gone to, have been toC.go to, went toD.been to, went to( ) 31.We are glad to hear that the terrorists ________ by the brave policemen several days ago.A.are caughtB.were caughtC.have been caughtD.are going to be caught ( ) 32. -Why didn't you go to the party last night? - Because I _____.A.wasn't invitedB.didn't invitedC.haven't invitedD.don't invited ( ) 33. -What _____ you supposed ____ when you are in China?- You should shake hands.A.are, to doB.do, to doC.are, doingD.have, to do( ) 34. So far, we ________ English for three years.A.have learntB.learnC.learntD.had learnt( ) 35.The boy was made ______ the words again and again.A.copyB.copyingC.copiesD.to copy( ) 36. The sports meeting in our school now.A.being heldB.is havingC.is holdingD.is being held( ) 37. The window ____ ten minutes ago, and the room is bright now.A.can be cleanedB.is cleanedC.was cleanedD.will be cleaned( ) 38. -Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?-No, I _______ it for 2 years.A.hadB.have hadC.boughtD.have bought( ) 39. He has ordered a watch on line for his father and it _______ to him before Father's Day.A.sendB.will be sentC.was sentD.sent( ) 40. There ______ a funny cartoon on CCTV 6 this evening.A.willB.will haveC.is going to beD.is going to have( ) 41. -________ did your uncle leave his home town? -He ___________ for nearly twenty years.A.When, has leftB.When, has been awayC.How long, has leftD.How long, has been away ( ) 42. My uncle ________ Germany on business many times.A.has been onB.has gone toC.has been toD.has been in( ) 43. Her life ________ a lot during the last three years.A.changedB.changingC.has changedD.will change( ) 44. -Lisa was seen ______ an old man go across the street this morning. -What a kind girl she is!A.helpingB.helpedC.to helpD.helps( ) 45. My computer has broken down. I'll get it _______ this afternoon.A.repairsB.repairedC.to repairD.repairing。
人教版九年级英语各单元主题思维导图(1-10)
Learning how to learn
单元整体话题篇
Structures
A: Do you learn English by reading aloud? B: Yes, I do. It helps with my pronunciation A: How can I improve my pronunciation? B: Well, one way is by listening to tapes.
阅读篇-Section B 2b
The Spirit of Christmas
Sharing and giving love and joy
The Best Example: A Christmas Carol (a novel by Charles Dickens)
three ghosts 1. the Ghost of... Past 2. the Ghost of... Present 3. the Ghost of... Yet to Come
Keep practicing what they have learnt
Be not afraid of making mistakes By writing down key words or by drawing mind maps
By reading notes every day or by explaining the information to another student
by working with friends /a group by writing e-mails to pen pals take notes by writing down key words or by drawing mind maps Maybe you should join an English club. Don't read word for word. Read word groups. Be patient. It takes time. Practice makes perfect.
初中英语中考二轮专题复习之六大时态思维导图资料汇总课件
肯定句：主语+V原形/三单+其他
不含be/情态
否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+V原形+其他
疑问句：Do/Does提前；谓语动词打回原形
动作或状态现在或现阶段正在进行 现在：now / at present / at this moment/time 祈使句：look! / listen! / Be quiet! (祈使句) 现阶段：these days / this week am/is/are + doing 肯定句：主语+am/is/are+doing+其他 否定句：主语+am/is/are not doing+其他 疑问句：Am/Is/Are 提前
will do be going to do
补充： one day 某天/有朝一日→一般过去/将来时 right now 现在/马上→现在进行/一般将来时
肯定句：主+will do+其他.
will do
否定句：主+will not do+其他.
疑问句：will 提前
肯定句：主+be going to do+其他
表示动作或状态发生在过去以及过去经常性发生
last类, yesterday类, …ago, just now, this morning, in+过去年份/世纪, 过去时间状语从句
过去式
in the past 在过去
肯定句：主语+was/were+其它
பைடு நூலகம்
含be动词
否定句：主语+was/were+not+其它
定义 时间状语 谓语形式
初中英语语法八大时态思维导图
现在完成时时态结构其他变化形态时态标志发生时间肯定句否定句一般疑问特殊疑问肯定have/has+S+ P.P.+……?否定1发生在过去，一直持续到现在2发生在过去,结束了,对现在有影响S+have/has+P.P.+……S+have/has+not+P.P.+……Yes,S+ have/has No,S+ haven’t/hasn’t疑问词+have/has+S+ P.P.+……?一般情况不发音e结尾辅+y结尾元+辅结尾，该音节重读+d +ed 变y为i+ed双写词尾+ed时间状语形似词组延续性V.瞬间性V.since和for的区别过去发生持续到现在：since、so far、for+时间段、in these yesrs发生在过去，结束了，对现在有影响（多一句）：already、ever、never、yet、three time have/has gone to去了have/has been to去过have/has been in 待在长动作和短动作同时出现在选项中时，选长动作since+时间点；主句现在完成时+since+一般过去时（时间段+ago）for+时间段have bought→have had; have borrowed→have keep;have begun→have been onhave left→have been away have died→have been dead have joined→have been in have come→have been初中英语语法八大时态知识点思维导图过去完成时时态结构其他变化形态时态标志发生时间肯定句否定句一般疑问特殊疑问肯定had+S+ P.P.+…?否定发生在过去1的过去2P.P.=动词的过去分词时间状语：By the end of last year,I had played piano for the years.从句：When I arrived at the station,the train had left.时间状语从句by the end of+一般过去时时间状语一个动作发生在过去，另一个动作发生在过去的过去S+had+P.P.+…S+had+not+P.P.+…Yes,S+ had No,S+ hadn’t疑问词+had+S+ P.P.+…?一般情况不发音e结尾辅+y结尾元+辅结尾，该音节重读+ed+d 变y为i+ed双写词尾+ed过去进行时时态结构其他变化形态时态标志发生时间肯定句否定句一般疑问特殊疑问肯定was/were+S+doing+…？否定发生在过去某个时间点S+was/were+doing+…S+was/were+not+doing+…Yes,S+was/were No,S+wasn’t/weren’t疑问词+was/were+S+doing+…？一般情况不发音e结尾元+辅+元，该音节重读特殊ie结尾+ing去e+ing双写词尾+ingie变y同一去过时间两个人或物无法同时做两事when/ while1、I called you yesterday evening but you didn’t answer.2、I was waching a movie with my father.两个动作同时发生when:长和短长动作：过去进行时短动作：一般过去时while:长、两个长动作was:三单和可数名词单数were:可数名词复数及不可数过去将来时时态结构其他时态标志发生时间肯定句否定句一般疑问特殊疑问肯定Would+S+V.原+…？否定站在过去看将来wourl not=wouldn’t时态：主句和从句的时态可以同时平移从句宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句表示将来的含义（或有一般将来时的时间状语）将要做某事S+would+V.原+…打算做某事，根据现象进行判断S+ be(was/were) going to+V.原+…S+would+not+V.原+…S+ be(was/were)+not+ going to+V.原Be(was/were)+S+goi ng to+V原+…？Yes,S+would.No,S+wouldn’t.肯定否定Yes,S+be(was/were).No,S+be not(wasn’t/weren’t)疑问词+would+S+V.原+…？疑问词+be(was/were)+S+going to+V原+…？现在进行时时态结构变化形态时态标志其他发生时间此刻、正在、当下肯定句否定句一般疑问特殊疑问Yes,S+ is/are. 你问我答No,S+isn’t/aren’nBe(is/are)+S+ +doing+…?S+be(am/is/are)+doing+…S+be(am/is/are)+not+doing+…疑问词+be(is/are)+S+ +doing+…?一般情况不发音e结尾元+辅+元，该音节重读ie结尾+ing去e+ing双写词尾 +ingie变y+ing现在看听祈使找人现在进行表将来now、at the moment、at this moment、at presentLook、Licten、be careful Where is……、May I speak to……来：come、arrive、return去：go、leave、move我是am，你是are,is连着他她它，is:可数名词单数，不可数名词are:可数名词复数元音：A E I O U一般现在时时态结构其他变化形态时态标志发生时间肯定句否定句一般疑问特殊疑问肯定Be(is/are)+S+…?否定重复、重复、重复主+系（be）+表S+be（am/is/are）+…S+am/is/are+not+…Yes,S+ is/are.No,S+isn’t/aren’n 疑问词+is/are+S+…?一般情况s/x/ch/sh结尾的动词辅+y结尾辅+o结尾+s主+谓（非系V.）S+V原/V三单+…S+don’t/dosen’t+V原+…do/dose+ S+V原+…？肯定否定Yes,S+ do/doseNo,S+ don’t/dosen’t疑问词+do/dose+ S+V原+…？+es变y为i+es+es时间状语动词三单句型转换主将从现every、usually、often、sometime、seldom、on Sundays第三人称单数、可数名词单数、不可数名词有be用be，有情用情，无情无be就用助，你问我答，谁问谁答，助动词用原形主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时as soon as; when; if; unless;后面+一般现在时，另外半句用一般将来时be=am/is/arehave=has一般过去时时态结构其他变化形态时态标志发生时间肯定句否定句一般疑问特殊疑问肯定was/were+S+…?否定发生在过去，并与现在不一样beV.类:S+was/were+…行为V.类: S+V.过去+…S+was/were+not+…S+did+not+V原+…did+S+did+V原+…?肯定否定Yes,S+ was/were.No,S+wasn’t/weren’nYes,S+ did No,S+ didn’t疑问词+ was/were+S+…?疑问词+did+S+did+ V原+…?一般情况不发音e结尾辅+y结尾元+辅结尾，该音节重读+ed +d 变y为i+ed双写词尾+ed时间状语句式过去常常yesterday、last、ago、just now提问回答，并列句used to dowas:可数名词单数，不可数名词were:可数名词复数一般将来时时态结构其他时态标志发生时间肯定句否定句一般疑问特殊疑问肯定will+S+V.原+…?否定发生在未来，还没有发生的事将来做某事：S+will+V.原+…打算做某事：S+be going to+V.原S+will+not+V.原+…S+be+not+going to+V.原be+S+going to+V.原+…?肯定否定Yes,S+ will No,S+ won’t Yes,S+be No,S+be not疑问词+will+S+V.原+…?疑问词+be+S+going to+V.原+…?时间状语There be 句型表示打算做主将从现tomorrow、next、in+时间段、someday、in the future soon等There is/are going to be There will be(打死不能改)be to dobe about to do主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时will not=won’t在as soon as；when; if；后面加一般现在时，这三个词的后面是从句，另外一般用一般将来时。
第十章动词的时态(思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼)2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳
第十章动词的时态思维导图知识梳理在英语中,不同时间里以不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态,要用不同的动词形式来表示,动词的这种不同形式称为动词的时态.英语的时态从时间上划分,可以分为现在时、过去时、将来时和过去将来时;从行为方式上划分,每一类又可以分为一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式.这样,英语动词合起来共有16种时态.现以动词work为例,将16种时态形式列表如下:现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般式workworksworkedshallworkwillShouldworkshould进行式amare workingiswasworkingwereshallbe workingwillshouldbe workingwould完成式hasworkedhavehad workedshallhave workedwillshouldhave workedwould完成进行式havebeen workinghashad beenworkingshallhave been workingwillshouldhave been workingwould这些时态中常用的有:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时以及过去将来时8种.一、一般现在时(一)一般现在时的构成一般现在时的否定式、疑问式、否定疑问式和简单回答形式,以work为例,列表如下: 否定式疑问式否定疑问式简单回答I do not work. Do I work? Do I not work? Yes, I do. No, I don't.You do not work. Do you work? Do you not work? Yes, I do. No, I don't.He/ She/It does notwork. Does he/she/it work? Does he/she/it not work?Yes, he/she/it does.No, he/she/it doesn't.We do not work. Do we work? Do we not work? Yes, you do. No, you don't. You do not work. Do you work? Do you not work? Yes, we do. No, we don't. They do not work. Do they work? Do they not work? Yes, they do. No, they don't.当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-s或-es(见下表):规则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般在词尾加-s playworkleaveswimplaysworksleavesswims以字母s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的词加-es passfixteachwishdopassesfixesteacheswishesdoes以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先变y为i,再加-es studycarryflycrystudiescarriesfliescries(三)动词第三人称单数加s或es后的读音1.在清辅音/p/, /k/, /t, /f/后读/s/stops/stɒps/ jumps/dʒʌ mps/ likes/laɪks/ picks/pɪks/ visits/vɪzɪts/ laughs/lɑːfs/coughs/kɒfs/ posts/pəʊsts/2.在/s/, /z/, /ʃ /, /tʃ /, /dʒ /之后读/ɪz/passes/pɑːsɪz/guesses/gesɪz/ rises/raɪzɪz/ refuses/rɪfju:zɪz/ wishes/wɪʃɪz/ washes/wɒʃɪz/ teaches/ti:tʃɪz/ watches/wɒtʃɪz/ changes/tʃeɪndʒɪz/ manages/mænɪdʒɪz/3.除以上两种读音外,其余的均读/z/(四)一般现在时的用法1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作常与often, always, sometimes, every day, on Sundays/Mondays等表示频度的时间状语连用.My father often gets up early in the morning.我父亲早晨经常早起.He has breakfast at 7:00 every morning.他每天早晨七点吃早饭.2.表示现在的状态My father is at work. He is very busy.我父亲在工作,他很忙.The boy is twelve.这个男孩儿12岁.3.表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征I like to listen to music.我喜欢听音乐.They speak English very well.他们英语说得非常好.This taxi driver knows the city of Beijing like the back of his hand.这位出租车司机对北京城了如指掌.4.表示客观事实和普遍真理Two plus two is four.2加2等于4.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起,从西方落下.5.表示计划安排好的将来动作,也可用一般现在时,只限于: go, come, leave, start, begin, arrive, be等动The plane takes off at 11 a.m.飞机上午11点起飞.We leave Beijing next month.下月我们离开北京.He comes back tonight.他今晚回来.6.在时间、条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时I'll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.我一到上海就给你写信.Turn off the lights before you leave.走前关灯.If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go to the park.如果明天不下雨,我们就去公园.If it rains tomorrow, we won't go to the park.如果明天下雨,我们就不去公园.7.表示(书、信、报纸、通知、牌示、广播等)“说”“报导”,用一般现在时,主要是动词sayThe notice says,“ No Parkin g.”通知说:“不准停放车辆.”The radio says heavy rain in the afternoon.广播预报下午有大雨.8.叙述历史,常用一般现在时,以使其生动Jeanne is sitting in the park. Mathilde walks towards her, and she stops and speaks to Jeanne.珍妮在公园里坐着.玛蒂尔德向她走来,停下来和珍妮谈话.二、一般过去时(一)一般过去时的构成(以动词work为例)否定式疑问式否定疑问式简单回答I did not work. Did I work? Did I not work?Yes, I did. No, I didn't.You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work?Yes, I did. No, I didn't.He/ She/ It did not work. Did he/she/it work? Did he/she/it not work?Yes, he/she/it did. No, he/she/it didn't.We did not work. Did we work? Did we not work?Yes, you did. No, you didn't.You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work?Yes, we did. No, we didn't.They did not work. Did they work? Did they not work?Yes, they did. No, they didn't.构成规则原形过去式-般在动词末尾加-ed workplantplayworkedplantedplayed结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikelivechangelikedlivedchanged末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed planstopdropplannedstoppeddropped以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i再加-ed carrystudycrycarriedstudiedcried(1)prefer的过去式要先双写末尾辅音字母r再加-ed: preferred.(2)travel的过去式可双写1再加-ed; travelled(英式英语);也可以直接加-ed; traveled(美式英语).(三)动词过去式与过去分词的读音1.清辅音后面的-ed读/t/音stopped/stɒpt/停止laughed/lɑːft/笑asked/ɑːskt/提问hoped/həʊpt/希望dressed/drest/穿衣marched/mɑːtʃt/行军watched/wɒtʃt/看pushed/pʊʃt/推2.浊辅音及元音后面的-ed读/d/音rubbed/rʌbd/擦tried/traɪd/试图,努力lived/lɪvd/生活begged/begd/请求named/neɪmd/取名agreed/əgri:d/同意rained/reɪnd/下雨moved/mu:vd/移动3.t,d后面加-ed读/d/音united/ju:naɪtɪd/联合heated/hi:tɪd/加热ended/endɪd/结束needed/ni:dɪd/需要wanted/wɒntɪd/想要guided/'gaɪdɪd/指引4.以-ed结尾的过去分词作形容词用时读/ɪd /音aged/eɪdʒɪd/年老的learned/1ɜːnɪd/有学问的wicked/wɪkɪd/罪恶的interested/ɪntrəstɪd/感兴趣的(四)不规则动词的过去式和过去分词原形过去式过去分词词义Cost Cut Hit Hurt Let Put Read costcuthithurtletputreadcostcuthithurtletputread花费削、砍打击伤害、使受伤让放读Become Come Run becamecameranbecomecomerun成为来跑Bring Buy Fight Think Catch Teach broughtboughtfoughtthoughtcaughttaughtbroughtboughtfoughtthoughtcaughttaught带来买打架想抓住教Build Lend Send Spend Lose Smellbuiltlentsentspentlostsmelt/smelledbuiltlentsentspentlostsmelt/smelled建筑借给送,寄花(钱、时间)丢失闻Feel Keep Sleep Sweep Leave Meetfeltkeptsleptsweptleftmetfeltkeptsleptsweptleftmet感觉保持睡觉扫离开遇见Burn Learn Mean burnt/burnedlearnt/learnedmeantburnt/burnedlearnt/learnedmeant燃烧学会意思是Sell Tell soldtoldsoldtold卖告诉Hold held held 抓住、握住ShineWinGetStand UnderstandDigHang have(has)hearmakepay shone/shinedwongotstoodunderstooddughung/hangedhadheardmadepaidshone/shinedwongotstoodunderstooddughung/hangedhadheardmadepaid照耀,使光亮赢得到站理解、懂得挖挂／绞死有听见制造付(钱)say sit findsaidsatfoundsaidsatfound说坐发现am, is are do go wear lie see wasweredidwentworelaysawbeenbeendonegonewornlainseen是是做去穿着躺看见begin drink ring sing swim begandrankrangsangswambegundrunkrungsungswum开始喝打电话,(铃)响唱游泳drive rise ride write droveroserodewrotedrivenrisenriddenwritten驾驶升起骑(马、自行车)写blow grow know throw fly blewgrewknewthrewflewblowngrownknownthrownflown吹生长知道投掷飞draw showdrewshoweddrawnshown画、拉出示break speak choose take mistake wakebrokespokechosetookmistookwaked/wokebrokenspokenchosentakenmistakenwaked/woken打断,打破讲选择拿走弄错唤醒beat eat fall give forgetbeatatefellgaveforgotbeateneatenfallengivenforgotten打吃落下给忘记1.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态这时常与yesterday, last week, a moment ago, in 1949等表示过去时间的状语连用.What did you have for breakfast this morning?今天早饭吃的什么?I had two eggs and a glass of milk.早饭吃了两个鸡蛋和一杯牛奶.The police stopped him on his way home last night.昨晚在回家的路上警察拦住了他.My sister passed her examination because she studied very hard.我妹妹通过了考试,因为她学习非常努力.2.表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作,这时常和表示频度的状语连用Last term we often did experiments.上学期我们经常做试验.He always went to work by bus.他过去总是乘车去上班.She gave her teacher presents every Christmas.她每年都给她的老师送圣诞礼物.点拨used to do的否定式和疑问式有两种构成法.(1)借助did,即:didn't use to doHe didn't use to do it, did he?他过去不经常这么做,是吗?Did you use to play football?你过去经常踢足球吗?(2)不用did,即:usedn't to doShe usedn't to make those mistakes.她以前并不经常出那些错的.Used you to play football?你过去经常踢足球吗?3.在时间、条件状语从句中,常用一般过去时代替过去将来时He said he would not go if it rained.他说如果天下雨就不去了.They told us that they would not leave until she came back.他们告诉我们直到她回来他们才会离开.4.常用“would+do”表示过去经常反复发生的动作I would ask you to think carefully before you spoke.我劝你在讲话之前要认真考虑一下.We would turn to him for help when we were in trouble.我们一遇麻烦,就向他请求帮助.三、一般将来时(一)一般将来时的构成一般将来时的否定式、疑问式、否定疑问句式和简单回答形式,以study为例:否定式疑问式否定疑问句式简单回答I shall/will not study. Shall I study? Shall I not study?(Shan't I study?)Yes, you will.No, you won't.You will not study. Will you not study?Will you study?(Won't you study?)Yes, I shall/will.No, I shan't/won't.He/ She/It will not study. Will he/she/it notstudy?Will he/she/it study?(Won't he/she/it study?)Yes, he/she/it will.No, he/she/it won't.We shall/will not study. Shall we study? Shall we not study?(Shan't we study?)Yes, you will.No, you won't.You will not study Will you study? Will you not study?(Won't you study?)Yes, we shall/will.No, we shan't/won't.They will not study. Will they study? Will they not study?(Won't they study?)Yes, they will.No, they won't.在口语中,will常缩写为’ll与主语连写在一起.如:I'll, you'll, he'11和she'll we’ll, they'll, shall not 常缩写为shan't, will not常缩写为won't.在疑问中,主语为第一人称(I和We)时,常用助动词shall.(二)一般将来时的用法1.一般将来时表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态.常与表示将来的时间状语如tomorrow, next week/month/year等连用I'll come to pick you up at 6:00 on Wednesday evening.我星期三晚上6点来接您.I'll have a party next Saturday. I hope you can come.下周六我要举行聚会,希望你能来.If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we are going to the Summer Palace.如果明天不下雨,我们就去颐和园.My daughter will be twenty years old next year.我女儿明年就20岁了.He will be here in ten minutes.他10分钟后在这儿.2.表示将来经常或反复发生的动作I'll come and see you every Sunday next year.明年我将每个星期天来看你.We shall come and work in this factory every year.我们将每年到这个工厂来劳动.3.表示揣测This will be the dictionary you're looking for.这大概是你要找的那本词典吧.The game will be finished by now.球赛大概已经结束了.4.“be going to+动词原形”结构表示现在打算在最近或将来要做的事,或表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很可能要发生的事情.如: We are going to have a new subject this year.今年我们将学一门新学科.It's going to rain this afternoon.今天下午天要下雨.I'm not going to write letters.我不打算写信.5.“be+动词不定式”结构表示按计划要发生的事,或用来征求对方意见Where are we to stay tonight?今晚我们在哪儿过夜?What is to do?怎么办?6.“be about+动词不定式”结构表示即将做某事I haven't gone yet, I'm about to.我还没走,正要走呢.The Sports Meeting is about to start now.运动会即将开始.点拨有些表示位置转移的动词,如come, go, leave, start, arrive, fly等的现在进行时可表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用.He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.他明天动身去上海.They are arriving tomorrow afternoon.他们明天下午到达.(三)需注意的几点1.在回答Shall I...问句时,应该说:Yes, please./Please do.或No, please don't./Please don't.不可说:Y es, you shall.或No, you shall not.2.在回答Shall we...问句时,应该说:Yes, let's... 或No, I don't think we shall./No, let's not.(四)will和be going to的比较1.will和be going to 都可表示某种意愿但其含义和用法有所不同.be going to往往表示经过考虑的打算,而will多表示意愿、决心.We are going to watch the football game.我们打算观看这场足球赛.I will tell you all about it.我将把全部情况告诉你.2.will可用于条件从句表示将来的意愿,而be going to用于条件从句,只是表示单纯的将来,试比较Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her.如果你去问高老师,她会告诉你答案的.If you are going to attend the meeting, you'd better leave now.如果你要参加会议,最好现在就走.四、现在进行时(一)现在进行时的构成现在进行时由“am/is/are+动词现在分词”构成.现在进行时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式及简单回答形式:(以动词work为例)肯定式I am/'m working.He (She, It)is/isn't working. We(You, They) are/'re working.否定式I am not/'m not working.He(She, It)is not/isn't working.We(You, They) are not/aren't working.疑问式Am I working...?Is he(she, it)working...?Are you(we, they)working...?简单回答Yes, you are. No, you aren't.Yes, I am. No, I'm not. Yes, he(she it) is. No, he(she ,it)isn't. Yes, we(you, they) are. No, we(you, they) aren't.1.一般在动词原形末尾加-ingstay-staying/'steɪɪŋ /do-doing/'du:ɪŋ/listen-listening/'lɪsnɪŋ/suffer-suffering/'sʌfərɪŋ/work-working/'wɜːkɪŋ/spend-spending/'spendɪŋ/look-looking/'lʊkɪŋ/2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ingmake-making/'meɪkɪŋ/take-taking/'teɪkɪŋ/give-giving/'gɪvɪŋ/ride-riding/'raɪdɪŋ/please-pleasing/'pli:zɪŋ/refuse-refusing/'rɪ'fju:zɪŋ/close-closing/'kləʊzɪŋ/operate-operating/'ɒpəreɪtɪŋ/3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ingput-putting/'pʊtɪŋ/sit-sitting/'sɪtɪŋ/run-running/'rʌnɪŋ/win-winning/'wɪnɪŋ/begin-beginning/bɪ'gɪnɪŋ/4.以ie结尾的动词,先去掉e,把i变为y,再加-inglie-lying/'laɪɪŋ/tie-tying/'taɪɪŋ/die-dying/'daɪɪŋ/5.以re结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ingprepare-preparing/prɪ'peərɪŋ/interfere-interfering/ɪntə'fɪərɪg/tire-tiring/'taɪərɪŋ/bore-boring/'bɔ:rɪŋ/cure-curing/kjʊərɪŋ/6.以er结尾的动词,如果是重读音节结尾,先双写r,再加-ing;如果不是重读音节结尾,就直接加-ing prefer-preferring water(浇水)-watering(三)现在进行时的用法1.表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作这时可以不用时间状语,也可以和now, at present, at the moment等时间状语连用.有时用一个动词.如look(看),listen(听).What are you reading now?你在读什么?His mother is watching TV at the present.此刻,他的妈妈正在看电视.I'm writing a novel at present.眼下我正在写一部小说.Look! The bus is crossing the bridge.看！这辆公共汽车在过桥.Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom.听！有人在教室里唱歌.2.表示当前一段时期内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作(说话时动作不一定正在进行),常与表示一段时间的状语these days, this week等连用They are working in a factory these days.他们这几天正在工厂劳动.More and more people are giving up smoking.越来越多的人在戒烟.They are working in a factory these days.他们这几天在工厂劳动.They're visiting Beijing this week.这周他们在北京观光.3.现在进行时常与always, continually, constantly, forever等表示频度的副词连用,表示经常、反复发生的动作,常表示厌烦、不满、赞扬等情感He is always thinking of his work.他总是想着他的工作.They're forever quarrelling about something.他们老是为某件事争吵不休.(不满)4.现在进行时有时也用来代替一般现在时,表示一个经常性的动作或状态,或是为了表示一种感情(如赞叹、厌烦等)或是为了强调情况的暂时性How are you feeling today?你今天觉得怎么样?(亲切)Linda is doing fine work at school.琳达在学校学习挺不错.(赞美之意)5.有些动词:如come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stay等的现在进行时可表示将要发生的动作,一般跟时间状语,表明动作发生的时间The train is arriving soon.火车要到了.We are leaving on Saturday.我们星期六动身.Are you going anywhere tomorrow?明天你到哪儿去吗?(四)有的动词不能用于现在进行时这些词通常是表示感觉、感情、存在、从属、思维等的动词.表示感觉的动词:see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, seem, appear表示感情的动词:hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive(原谅)表示存在状况:be, exist(存在), remain(保持), stay, obtain(获得)表示从属或占用:have, possess(拥有), own(拥有), contain(包含), belong(属于),consist of(由······组成), form(形成)表示思考、理解:understand ,know, believe, think, doubt, forget, remember五、过去进行时(一)过去进行时的构成过去进行时由“was/were+现在分词”构成.过去进行时的肯定式,否定式和疑问式及简单回答.(以动词work为例)肯定式I(He, She, It)was working. We(You, They)were working.否定式I(He, She, It)was not working We(You, They)were not working.疑问式Was I(he, she, it)working..? Were we(you, they)working...?简单回答Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, I was No, I was notYes, he(she, it) was. No, he(she, it) was not.Yes, you(we, they)were. No, you(we, they) were not.1.过去进行时表示过去某一个时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作.通常与表示过去的时间状语连用.then, at this/that time, yesterday, at nine, last night等At 8:00 o'clock yesterday evening I was having dinner with some friends.昨天晚上八点,我在和几位朋友一起吃饭.The doorbell rang while my mother was cooking the dinner.在妈妈做饭时,门铃响了.Mary fell asleep while she was watching TV.玛丽看着电视睡着了.My son was learning English in Australia last autumn.去年秋天我儿子在澳大利亚学习英语.I was reading an interesting book last month.上个月我在看一本有趣的书.2.表示移动的动词.如:come, start, stay, leave, fly等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作He was leaving the following day.他第二天将要离开.She asked when I was starting.她问我何时动身.3.过去进行时动词常与always, forever, continually, constantly, frequently等副词连用,代替一般过去时,强调过去经常性或习惯性动作,表现出说话人的赞美、厌烦等情绪He was forever complaining about something.他老是怨这怨那.He was constantly asking questions.他老是没完没了地提问题.4.在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时,另一个动作用一般过去时.若表示两个延续动作在过去某一时刻同时发生,则主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时What was Jim doing when the teacher came in?老师进来的时候吉姆在做什么?He read a piece of newspaper while he was waiting for the bus.他一边等车,一边看报.The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework.学生们在看书,而老师在批改他们的家庭作业.点拨(1)静态动词如be, have, seem, depend on(依靠)等一般不能用于进行时态.(2)表示知觉、认识或情感的动词如see, hear, believe, know, like, love, want, wish等一般也没有进行时态.(三)一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态;而过去进行时则表示在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作.Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.玛丽昨晚给她朋友写了封信.(信已写完)Mary was writing a letter to her friend at 8:00 o'clock last night.昨晚八点钟玛丽在给她的朋友写信.(信不一定写完,只说明了动作的延续)It was raining this time yesterday.昨天这个时间在下雨.(动作延续)It rained yesterday.昨天下过雨.(动作完成)六、现在完成时(一)现在完成时的构成现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成.现在完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式及简单回答.(以动词work为例)肯定式I(You) have worked.He(She, It) has worked.We(You, They) have worked.否定式I(You) have not/haven't worked.He(She, It) has not/hasn't worked.We(You, They) have not/haven't worked.疑问式Have I(you) worked...?Has he(she, it) worked...? Have we(you, they) worked...?简单回答Yes, you(I) have. No, you(I) have not/haven't. Yes, he(she, it) has. No, he(she, it) has not/hasn't. Yes, you(we, they) have. No, you(we, they) have not/haven't.②have not常缩略为haven't, has not常缩略为hasn't.(二)现在完成时的词尾变化现在完成时由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成.规则变化的过去分词与动词过去式的变化一样,在动词词尾加-ed;不规则变化的过去分词见“一般过去时”一节的不规则动词表.(三)现在完成时的用法1.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态;常和表示一段时间的状语,如:today, these days, since, for, this month, now等连用I'm hungry. I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.我饿了,早饭以来我还什么东西都没吃.I have worked at this school for 20 years.我在这所学校工作20年了.They have lived in Beijing since 1972.他们从1972年以来就住在北京.He has drunk four cups of coffee today.他今天喝了4杯咖啡了.It's nice to see you again. We haven't seen each other for a long time.再次见到你很高兴,我们有很长时间没见面了.2.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have just posted a letter.我刚把信邮寄了.She has lost her watch.她把表丢了.Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打碎了.We have lived in Beijing.我们一直住在北京.I understand what she has said to me.我理解她对我说的话.We know that he has passed the English exam.我们知道他英语考试及格了.(四)现在完成时需注意的问题1.表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用这类动词常见的有:appear, begin, borrow, buy,close, come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, lend, sell, start, stop等.2.现在完成时不能和明确指出过去时间的状语连用,但可以和不明确指出时间的状语连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语连用明确指出过去的时间状语:如yesterday, last week, in 1999,two days ago, just now, when I came in不明确指出时间的状语:如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, just, before,never, ever, lately, once包括现在在内的时间状语:如this morning, today, this week, this year(五)have(has) been和have(has)gone的区别表示“曾到过某地”要用“have(has)been”;表示“已经去某地”要用“have(has)gone”.试比较:Where has he been?他刚才到哪儿去了?(他已回来)Where has he gone?他上哪儿去了?(他现在不在这里)They have been to Beijing.他们到过北京.(现在已不在北京了)They have gone to Beijing.他们到北京去了.(他们可能在去北京的路上,或者已到北京)(六)现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况.因此,它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last night,three weeks ago, in 2000等.而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系,它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用.试比较:I have seen him.我已见过他了.(我了解他的情况)I saw him yesterday.我昨天看到他的.(只说明昨天我看到他,并不涉及现在的情况)I have been ill for a week.我已病了一周了.(现在还在生病)I was ill for a week.我病了一周.(过去病了一周)(七)延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法1.现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词在肯定句中不可和一段时间连用我离开这所学校已经八年了.误:I've left this school for eight years.正:I've been away from this school for eight years.他借用我的词典已两天了.误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days.正:He has kept my dictionary for two days.不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用.I haven't gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了.2.非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列两种方法(1)将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词.bu y→ have borrow→ keepopen→ be open close→ be closedbegin/start→ be on come→ be herego→ be there finish→ be overdie→ be dead catch a cold→ have a coldput on→ wear get up→ be upwake up→ be awake fall asleep→ be asleeplose→ not have join→ be in/be a member ofleave→ be away arrive/reach→ bemarry/get married→ be married(2)用句型“Iris+一段时间＋since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”表示.It is two years since the old man died.这个老人去世两年了.七、过完成时(一)过去完成时的构成过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成.所有人称和数都用“had+过去分词”,其否定式had not 常缩写为hadn't.过去完成时的肯定式和疑问式及简单回答形式:(以动词work为例)I(You)肯定式I(You)He(She, It) had worked. We(You, They)否定式I(you)He(She, It) had not/hadn't worked. We(You, They)疑问式I(you)Had he(she, it) worked...?we(you, they)简单回答I(you) I(you)Yes, he(she, it) had No, he(she, it) had not/hadn’d we(you, they) we(you, they)(二)过去完成时的用法1.表示在过去某一时间之前(也称为“过去的过去”)已经发生或完成的动作.常与“by/before+过去的时间”构成的短语连用How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?到上学期末,你们学了几首英文歌?By the end of last year, we had planted 10,000 trees.到去年年底,我们一共栽种了1万棵树了.I had never seen such a wonderful match before that day.那天之前我从未看到过那么精彩的比赛.The boys had got to school before 7:00 in the morning.这些男孩儿7点以前就到校了.2.用于以连词when, as soon as, as... as, before, until, now that引导的状语从句中或一些宾语从句中以表示动作发生的时间早于主句所表示的动作,可表示原因、动作先后等关系I saw Li Ping yesterday. We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.我昨天见到了李平.自我离开北京以来,我们就没见过面.He went out after he had put on his coat and hat.他穿上大衣、戴上帽子后,便出去了.The train had just left when they got to the station.当他们到达火车站时,火车刚刚开走.How long had Mr. Li taught in the south before he came here?李先生在来这儿之前,在南方教了几年书?Mr. and Mrs. Brown had lived in Boston before they moved to Washington.布朗夫妇在搬到华盛顿之前,在波士顿居住.3.某些表示意愿、意图等的动词,如:think, hope, want, intend, plan, mean等,其过去完成时常表示本来打算做而没有做的事I had meant to buy, but I brought no money.我本想买,但身上没带钱.He had intended to speak, but time did not permit.他本想发言,可是时间不允许.I had thought that they all knew about it.我还以为他们都知道这件事呢.(实际上他们并不知道)I had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.我本希望你能来,可你没有来.4.在No sooner...than...;Hardly(scarcely)...when...的结构中,前面的动词多用过去完成时No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.他刚到家就被要求做另一次旅行.Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.我们刚到乡间就下雨了.5.用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.假如他昨天看到你,他就会问你这件事了.I should have called you if I had known your telephone number.要是我知道你的电话号码,我就给你打电话了.(三)用一般过去时代替过去完成时的情况1.含有动作已经完成意义的动词,如arrive, enter, open等,当主句和从句的两个动作紧紧相连时,两个动作都可以用一般过去时When I arrived at the station, I learnt the train had already left.我一到车站,就听说火车已经离开了.When he entered the office, he heard the telephone ringing.他一进入办公室,就听到电话铃响了.2.由连词before, after, as soon as等引导的从句,由于连词本身意义已经说明主句和从句两个动作先后发生的关系,因此,两个动作都可以用一般过去时After he dosed(=had closed) the door, he left the house.他关好门后离开房子.I telephoned you as soon as I got home.我一到家,就给你打了电话.八、过去将来时(一)过去将来时的构成1.过去将来时由“助动词would+动词原形”构成.助动词would常简写为“’d”.例如:“I'd"“you'd”“he'd”等;would not 常简写为”wouldn't"2.过去将来时还可以用“was(were)+going to+动词原形”来表示(二)过去将来时的用法1.表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态过去将来时在宾语从句里最常见.I wondered why he wouldn't go with us.我想知道,他为什么不和我们一起去.They asked how they would go to Paris.他们问他们将怎么去巴黎.He asked when the meeting would end.他问会议将在什么时候结束.I wondered if our team would win.我想知道,我们队是否会赢.He said there would be a concert this evening.他说今晚有一场音乐会.2.过去将来时也可用“was/were going to+动词原形”构成,表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作I thought it was going to rain soon.我认为很快就会下雨.。
八大时态思维导图
英语中的八大时态一、八大时态的结构1、一般现在时（are、is、动词原形、“三单”）2、现在进行时（am、is、are + v-ing）3、一般过去时（was、were 、动词的过去式、情态动词的过去式）4、过去进行时（was、were +v-ing）5、现在完成时（have/has + 动词的过去分词）6、过去完成时（had + 动词的过去分词）7、一般将来时（will/be going to + 动词原形）8、过去将来时（would/ was、were going to +动词原形）一、一般现在时定义；用来表示习惯性、经常性的动作或状态结构；主语+be +表语主语+情态动词+其他主语+实义动词+其他标志词every dayyearmorningweek频率时间副词always usually often sometimeson Sundays three times a day主语的变化形式；当主语（非你、非我、非复数）时，表示“是”的时候用is。
实义动词时，我们用“三单”。
用一般现在时的情况；❶客观事实或普遍真理的时候Eg； The earth goes round the sun.❷在 when、as soon as、until、 after、before引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。
❸表示按时间或计划将要发生的动作Eg； I will write to you as soon as I get there.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic.Our holidays began in a week.二、一般过去时定义；表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态结构；主语+动词的过去式 (be、情态动词、实义动词)+其他标志词；yesterday + 时间Last+时间In + 过去的时间时间+agoJust now， once upon a time动词的变化形式1、直接加—ed2、以“e”结尾的直接加—d3、以辅音加Y结尾的，变“y”为“i”加ed4、重读闭音节结尾，双写尾辅加ed5、不规则动词变化三，一般将来时定义；表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态结构；主语+will/shall/+be going to +动词原形标志词；tomorrow+时间In + 一段时间This+ 时间Next + 时间 soon the day after tomorrowBe going to 与will/shall 的区别Be going to 指当前的，已计划或思考的意图或打算Eg I am going to listen to music.Will/shall 表示事先未思考或计划的意图或打算Eg； It will be weekend soon.四，现在进行时定义；表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作。
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初中英语时态复习巩固“三个一般，两个进行，两个完成”一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时一般将来时过去进行时过去完成时一、一般现在时（概念，句式结构，常用时间状语；用法）1、概念，句式结构，常用时间状语。
（1）概念：一般现在是主要表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也可表示现在的情况或状态以及永恒的真理。
（2）句式结构：Be(is , am , are) +表语，如：She is a beautiful girl.There be (is , are )句型，如：There is a schoolbag on the desk.实义动词作谓语, 谓语用动词原形，但主语是第三人称单数时，谓语要用相应的单数第三人称形式如：They usually go to school on foot.She likes chocolate.（3）常用时间状语：always，usually，often，everyday等。
2.一般现在时的用法（1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表频度的时间状语连用。
如：My mother often does housework. 我妈妈经常做家务。
(2)描述现在的情况，状态等。
如：He speaks Russian very well.他讲俄语讲得很好。
(3)描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。
如：Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播速度快。
（4）注：在含时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中，若主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时表示将来，即“主将从现”如：I will ring you if he comes back tomorrow.如果他明天回来，我就给你打电话。
例： I will send you an e-mail as soon as I _________in Canada.A. arrive B arrived C am arriving D will arrive(5) 在以here ， there开头的句子中常用一般现在时代替进行时。
如：Here comes the bus! 汽车来了！二、一般过去时 (概念，句式结构以及常用的时间状语; 动词过去式的构成，一般过去时的用法)1.概念，句式结构及常用的时间状语（1）概念：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
（2）句式结构was/wer e+表语 She was a beautiful girl ten years ago.there was/were There were many shops near our school.实义动词作谓语 He got up at six o’clock yesterday morning.(4)常用的时间状语：yesterday（昨天），the day before yesterday(前天)， lastweek (上星期)，two days ago (两天前)，just now (刚才)等2.动词过去式的构成方式一般过过去式中，谓语动词要用一般过去式，过去式的变化分为规则（见七年级上册102页）和不规则两种（不规则动词表见八年级上册116页）3．一般过去时的用法（1）表示过去发生或过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
如：He visited the Great Wall yesterday. 昨天他旅游了长城。
He went to the hospital once a week last week. 去年他每周去医院一次。
例: I’m now in New York with my friend Jenny. We __________ by plane on Monday.A arriveB arrivedC are arrivingD will arrive( 2) 用于虚拟条件句中，表示与现在事实相反的情况。
如：If I were you, I would take a small present.如果我是你的话，我就带上一小件小礼物。
注： if I were you 中， were 不能改成was。
三、一般将来时（概念，句式结构以及常用的时间状语，用法）1.概念，句式结构以及常用的时间状语（1）概念: 表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
（2）句式结构Will/shall + 动词原形 They will have a good time.be going to + 动词原形 We are going to take an exam.现在进行时表将来The bus is coming. 公共汽车要来了。
（3）常用的时间状语：tomorrow， the day after tomorrow , in two hours , soon , in the future等2.一般将来时的用法（1）be going to 和will 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
We are going to have a meeting to discuss the plan.我们打算开会讨论这个计划。
She will reach here at five o’clock this afternoon.今天下午五点她将到达这里。
例. My sister wants a new dress. She ______ it to the party.A wearsB has wonC woreD is going to wear(2) be going to 表示根据某种迹象判断将要发生某事， will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事。
如：Look at the dark clouds. It’s going to rain.看那乌云，天马上要下雨了。
He will be twenty years old next year.明年他就要20岁了。
例. There __________a basketball match between Class One and Class Threethis afternoon.A is going to beB will haveC are going to beD is going to have注：There be的一般将来式是there is/are going to be 或there will be 选A练习1.My parents often ______ a walk after supper. They are both very healthy.(have)2.The student __________ to school three days last week. So he can’t finish his last week’shomework. (not go)3.This year alone Mr. Wu ____________ a cold twice. The students all say that he needs to domuch exercise in the morning.(catch)4.The students said that they ____________ from school in three months. (graduate)5.The girl is friendly to her grandmother. She usually ________ to see her grandmother oncea week.(go)6.Those tourists _______ in Kunming at ten o’clock yesterday morning. (arrive)7.___________ your son or your daughter __________ after you, Mr. Green? (take)8.I don’t know what Mr. Chang’s wife does. I think she may _________ a conductor.(be)9.---- Zhang Xiaohui, have you been to Beijing?---- Not yet . My father tells me that he __________ me there by the year 2012.(take)两个进行时态一．现在进行时 (概念，句式结构，常用的时间状语及用法)1．概念，句式结构及常见的时态标志词(1).概念: 表示现在正在进行的动作（2）.句式结构: 主语+ am/is / are +现在分词+其他（3）.常见的时态标志词：now, at the moment, look, listen等2.现在分词的构成方式3.现在进行时的用法：（1）. 表示目前正在进行的动作。
如：She is reading a book. 她正在读书。
例：Where’s Tom? His mother __________ him now.A. is looking forB. will look forC. has looked forD. looks for(2). 与always，usually，forever等词连用，表示说话者的赞扬、厌恶或不满情绪等。
如:He is always helping others. We all like him.他总是帮助别人，我们都很喜欢他。
(3).一些表示位置移动的动词，如go , come, leave等常用现在进行时表示将来发生的；动作。
如：He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.特别提醒：以下动词通常不用于现在进行时①表示感觉、情感或心理活动的动词，如： hear， listen，look，smell， taste，notice，seem， hate, like , want, love, want, wish等②表示所有或占有的动词，如：have， own， belong等③表示记忆，理解或决定的动词，如：forget， remember， understand， believe，know，decide二．过去进行时（概念，句式结构及常用的时间状语和用法）1.概念，句式结构及常用的时间状语(1).概念：表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
(2).句式结构：主语+was/were+现在分词+其他当主语为一、三人称时用was，其余用were。