Jane Eyre--a female image against social pressure with rebellion and independence 简爱中的女权主义倾

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AstudyoffemaleimagesinTheGreatGatsby

A study of female images in The Great Gatsby发布时间：2022-08-25T07:03:18.298Z 来源：《科学与技术》2022年第4月第7期作者：聂俊怡[导读] Abstract: The Great Gatsby is a novella written by the famous American novelist F聂俊怡湖北文理学院湖北省襄阳市 441000Abstract: The Great Gatsby is a novella written by the famous American novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1925 to the middle and upper class of modern American society in the 1920s white circle as the background, small through the narrative of one of the protagonists in the novel Nick. This paper mainly uses the feminist perspective, from the patriarchal cultural ideology and the perspective of new women, to understand the female images in the works.Key words: The Great Gatsby, female image, feminism, patriarchal culture, new women The development of patriarchal culture has experienced a long history, mainly due to the imbalance of the relationship between the sexes, and the source of the imbalance is in the Bible about Eve and Adam. In the Bible, Eve was able to exist because God fashioned a rib from Adam, and this relationship led to men's higher status in sexual relationships. Patriarchal culture believes that men have the power to decide women's fate and life value, and women can only exist as men's accessories. This patriarchal culture has experienced a long period of development, and has a great influence on traditional women. In the communication between men and women, traditional women tend to consciously lower their status and obey men ideologically, while men and the whole society also oppresses women.Most of the women in Fitzgerald's writings are conventionally-defined traditional characters in the patriarchal ideology. If they want to rebel against the society and the rule of men, they will be punished by the society as an alien. The same is true of the women in The Great Gatsby. Many of the female images in the book are not of good behavior or moral responsibility, but of callousness, frivolity and vulgarity. Not only are they not good wives and mothers in the traditional sense, they are not even good women in any sense. It can be said that what people see in this novel is only the sad female image.Literary works usually reflect the conflict of ideology and oppression of social background in society. The description of the female characters in the works is the best description of modern women, although there are differences in personality. However, the author's negative portrayal of these modern women from a male perspective reveals the author's incomprehension and prejudice towards modern women. The conflict between men and women, women and society, mainly comes from the description of female images, especially the description of the characters of Daisy, Jordan and Mattel, which reflects the author's patriarchal thinking. These three women have many differences in personality, family background, marital status, occupation and so on, representing three different modern women.(一) The image analysis of DaisyIn the Great Gatsby, Daisy is a female image with the characteristics of The Times. She was born in the upper class, and she was beautiful and charming. She was Gatsby's first love. They fell in love with each other and talked about getting married. However, because Gatsby was transferred abroad, Daisy could only marry Tom under the arrangement of her family. Daisy received a letter from Gatsby on her wedding day. Although she was heartbroken, she could do nothing but obey the arrangement and marry Tom. Such female images, who are noble in birth but unable to achieve the freedom of marriage and choose their own happiness, further magnify the current situation that the patriarchal society has brought shackles to women. Daisy's life after marriage shows the tragic image of women incisively and vividly. The oppression of patriarchal culture on women made Daisy's life into "hell on earth". Soon after their marriage, Daisy discovered her husband Tom's infidelity. Tom's affair with a hotel waiter was widely known in the city, which not only brought damage to Daisy's heart, but also foreshadowed the change of Daisy's character and image. Daisy chose to move again and again, for her husband's sake as well as her own, partly to avoid these events, save family status and face, and partly to have more "moments of peace". To Tom, Daisy was just a vase, an accessory, even a doll when bored. It can be seen that in the society at that time, women's family status and social status were oppressed, and the living environment they faced was unfair and even unworthy of mentioning. When Daisy lost hope for life, Gatsby became a rich man by selling bootleg liquor and was still fascinated by Daisy in his heart, which brought new hope to Daisy. Under the background of good material conditions, it has become Gatsby's spiritual pursuit to have Daisy again. After seeing Daisy again, Gatsby found that She was still young and beautiful, but Daisy's pursuit of material and greed were also very obvious. Gatsby saw Daisy's image and characteristics in his eyes and still loved her deeply. At this time, Daisy had changed from a beautiful, generous, simple and kind person into a worldly, vulgar and materialistic woman under the ravages of the environment. What she saw in the process of getting along with Gatsby was his wealth and status. At this time, Daisy had no morality and responsibility, and she would even give up anyone, including Gatsby, who had always loved her, for the sake of interests and vanity.Daisy's indifference is the sharp weapon of Gatsby's death tragedy. When she drove Gatsby's car to kill Tom's mistress, Gatsby guarded Daisy's house all night to ensure her safety. But at this moment, Daisy discussed with Tom how to shift the responsibility to Gatsby. In the end, Daisy and Tom didn't even attend Gatsby's funeral. Such an indifferent and selfish image epitomized the idea that women did what they had to do to protect themselves.Bohemian, mercenary, hypocritical snobbish, selfish and so on have become the label of Daisy, and the original kind, beautiful, generous, elegant image is completely different. This change was influenced by the secular and material world represented by her husband Tom. Daisy's selfishness, greed, indifference and money worship made her a victim of the material world.(二) Jordan's image analysisAfter the 1920s, there was a brief but special period in the United States. During this period, the status of women has been greatly promoted, which also brought great panic to men to some extent. They believe that the promotion of women's status will destroy the original order and may also bring certain harm to the whole society. In the Great Gatsby, the female character image of Jordan is created under such a background. This female character image not only has the characteristics and spirit of traditional women, but also has the characteristics and spirit of women in the new era. Jordan is the woman of the new era. As a famous golfer, Jordan is welcomed by the upper class and often goes to various celebrity parties. She is good friends with Daisy, but in fact, Jordan does not want to live like Daisy. Jordan has her own independent thinking, is not willing to rely on men to provide financial support, but used to rely on their own athletic talent to obtain more material resources. The female characteristics and spirit of the new era actually subvert the traditional female image. The author endows Jordan with a unique image both in terms of physical appearance and psychological characteristics. For example: in appearance, Jordan's figure is relatively strong, flat chest, brown skin, handsome tall, vigorous action; Psychologically, Jordan is cynical, a loose cannon, ambitious, rational, competitive, emotionally reserved, independent and manipulative. This is quite different from the traditional feminine traits of tenderness, shyness, sensitivity and obedience. In addition to appearance and psychology, Jordan's love outlook also has the characteristics and spirit of women in the new era. Jordan, a champion golfer, has no shortage of high-society suitors, but she is not interested in, or even genuinely disdains, these rich kids. Jordan's pursuit is of spiritual courage and confidence. Jordan chose Nick because she saw Nick's honesty, which could give Jordan enough security and tolerance. She did not care about Nick's rural background. Jordan did not value material and family background in her pursuit of love, but followed her heart. In The Great Gatsby, Jordan is endowed with the image of a woman in the new era, but after all, the society in which she lives is dominated by male culture, and she more or less displays the characteristics of traditional women. Jordan also had the basic characteristics of women in the society at that time. For example, Jordan was good at lying and had a poor sense of responsibility. Jordan and Daisy may be the same kind of people in terms of personal quality and money values. Jordan's attitude toward her career and her borrowed convertible, while ostensibly protective of her own safety, was also her way of covering up her dysfunctional mental world.Throughout the novel, Jordan witnesses the whole process of all the stories, in which she is accustomed to the various means of men, betrayal, deception, and witness the tragic fate of different characters. Against the background of strong patriarchal culture, Jordan is often powerless in the face of reality and can only rely on herself. Therefore, she often maintains a state of pride and indifference and observes all living beings. Under the background of this era, the tragedy of women makes Jordan become a representative of the new women with the characteristics of The Times.(三) The image analysis of MattelIn the Great Gatsby, in addition to the typical female image of the society at that time represented by Daisy and the female image of the new era represented by Jordan, there is also a tragic female image of Mortell Wilson in the work. Mattel is Tom's mistress and the wife of Car repairman Wilson. Although she was born at the bottom of society, she wanted to enter the upper society, but she was accidentally run over by Daisy, which is the most tragic female image in the whole work.This is the description of Mattel in the work: she wore an oil-stained dark blue crepe de chine dress. There was no beauty in her face, but there was a palpable vitality, as if every nerve in her body was burning. But this kind of vigor is not welcome for the female in the patriarchal society, and will even be despised by the secular world. Different from Daisy, Mattel lives at the bottom of the society, but she is not reconciled to her poverty and hopes to change this poor life through marriage. And Mr. Wilson tricked Her by posing as a rich man. When Mattel discovered The poverty of Mr. Wilson, his vitality began to transfer to the crowd of the upper class, after meeting Tom on the train into his arms, in order to achieve the purpose of entering the upper society.Mattel's energy helped her escape from the lower classes of life. It also led her to devote herself to Tom, to be vain and mercenary. After being Tom's mistress, she gradually forgot her own situation, began to enjoy the vanity of the upper class, self-righteous interference in Tom's life, even put forward to let Tom and Daisy divorce. But She did not know that her behavior had threatened and challenged men's desire for power and male chauvinism. Even after Tom humiliated and beat her, Mattel wanted to continue to rely on Tom for her material and financial needs. Unlike Daisy, who represents the image of upper-class women, Mattel represents the image of lower-class women who can give up themselves for more money and material things.In The Great Gatsby, the image of Mattel is completely contrary to the social status at that time, which subverts the traditional development law that men are strong and women are weak and men are superior to women. Mattel's powerful position in life is not only in her relationships, but also in her spirituality. When it comes to sexual relations, Mattel is not only straightforward but also aggressive, always looking down on her husband Wilson, others would describe Mr. Wilson as "exhausted." This description in the book also suggests to a large extent the strength of Mattel. On a mental level, He often felt that Wilson was too pale and defenseless for him, and claimed that he had never been in love with him. In her daily life, Mattel never respected Wilson, who always followed her like a little woman and did what she wanted. The status of men and women between them was completely opposite to that of men and women under the patriarchal society at that time, resulting in More obvious male characteristics of Mattel.(四) conclusionTo sum up, in the Great Gatsby, the female image described by the author Fitzgerald is very characteristic of The Times. Under the prevailing background of male chauvinism at that time, the fate of women under the suppression of male culture was usually controlled by men, with a certain tragic color. Fitzgerald accurately described the different female images in the social background of that time with delicate brushwork and precise perspective, and attacked the thought of male heroism that was respected by people in the patriarchal social background with deep thought of the society at that time.Reference[1] Margaret Walters. Feminism[M]. Oxford University Press, 2006[2]菲茨杰拉德.了不起的盖茨比[M].上海译林出版社,2002[3]李欣，关键，徐唯耀.论《了不起的盖茨比》中的女性形象及意义[J].沈阳大学学报,2005(5)[4]杨会英.女性主义视角下的《了不起的盖茨比》[J].新疆石油大学学院学报，2007(1)[5]张晓花.悲剧的女性群像——从女性主义视角看《了不起的盖茨比》[J].牡丹江大学学报，2008(6)。

(英国文学)Jane-Eyre赏析-PPT课件

Ⅳ
Influnce and Evaluate of Jane Eyre
17
Influence of the work：
Jane Eyre is a book with much influence. For more than a hundred years, the image of Jane Eyre has been immortal. This novel has always been welcomed by the peoples of the world.
studied at boarding school , and later worked as a teacher and governess . In 1847,Charlotte Bronte caused a stir in the literary world by publishing her famous novel Jane Eyre.
self-improvement:
It is the inferiority complex that promotes Jane Eyre's confidence and self-improvement.
【Teenager】
stubborn:
In Lowood School,she was always suffering from hunger and was unfairly punished!Jane was more rebellious, in sharp contrast to her friend Helen Burns's patient and submissive character.
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浅析简爱的创作背景

浅析《简爱》的创作背景摘要《简爱》是19世纪英国批判现实主义文学作家夏洛蒂勃朗特的代表作.作者所处的时代正是英国社会动荡的时代，随着资本主义迅速发展,阶级斗争不断激化，爆发了英国历史上著名的宪章运动。

本文对作者所处的社会背景和家庭背景进行了探讨，作者正是在这样的背景下创作了简爱。

关键词:简爱；夏洛蒂；环境前言作品中简爱既无财产又无姿色，但她顽强、勇敢、真诚、热情，追求独立、自由、平等，捍卫个人的价值，维护自我尊严，可以说她是一个既自尊、自爱又自强、自立的时代新女性。

本文着重从简爱的生活经历以及所处的环境，阐述了简爱如何在环境的影响下，如何由一个软弱的小女孩，变成一个敢于向命运挑战,并且通过自己的努力，实现自我价值的成功女性。

作品成功地塑造了一位在社会的不公面前,敢于反抗、敢于争取自由和平等地位的女性形象，从而为女性争取平等、自由吹响了第一声号角.体现了十九世纪西方妇女已经开始觉醒的女性意识。

作品所倡导的女性追求自主自强的精神在当代社会仍然具有深刻的影响，这种不向压力屈服，敢于向挫折挑战的精神在今天看来都是难能可贵的。

自尊自强自立的简爱应该永远是我们学习的榜样。

1．1社会背景《简爱》这部小说是十九世纪中叶英国女作家夏洛特勃朗蒂的成名作和代表作。

十九世纪三十到四十年代之间,工人运动在北方工业地区蓬勃开展起来。

在蔓切斯特和它附近的工厂城市里发生了在革命口号下进行的、人数众多的集会和示威游行；当时的英国，虽然实行了资产阶级民主改革,政府部门表面上采取了某些改革的措施，比如通过了女工实行十小时工作在劳渥德学校制的法案,但是妇女在社会上的地位并没有得到改善,并没有获得平等的权利,即使是经过了三次高潮的宪章运动,吸引了成百万的工人和劳动群众参加争取自身权利的斗争,也没有能提出男女平等问题,但是资产阶级社会的矛盾同时也激发了妇女摆脱男子的压迫和歧视的要求。

在当时的英国,女性是难以取得一席之地的。

尤其是不少处于小资产阶级范畴的妇女，她们受过文化教育，但没有财产，在婚姻市场上缺少竞争能力,往往不得不因贫穷而遭受冷遇，落到寄人篱下、身无分文的境地.对于那些上流社会的女子来说,结婚或终生陪伴父母成为了她们的最终选择。

简·爱：一个爱恨交缠的灵魂--浅析《简·爱》中简·爱的形象

简·爱:一个爱恨交缠的灵魂———浅析《简·爱》中简·爱的形象王莉(安徽国际商务职业学院基础部安徽·合肥231100)中图分类号：I106.4文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-7894（2013）07-0084-02摘要19世纪现实主义悄然崛起,英国小说家夏洛利·勃朗特的《简·爱》便是其扛鼎之作。

本文试图通过简·爱的童年经历及与罗切斯特之间一波三折的爱情故事,探究简·爱的深层精神内核:一个出身低微、生活道路曲折,却始终坚持维护独立人格、追求个性自由、主张人生平等、敢于反抗、敢于争取自由,不向人生低头的坚强女性形象。

关键词反抗思想自由平等Jane Eyre:A love-Hate Intertwined Soul:A Brief Analy鄄sis on the Image of Jane Eyre in"Jane Eyre"//Wang Li Abstract In the nineteenth century,the realism quietly rose,and the British novelist Charlotte Bronte's"Jane Eyre"is the most important work.Through introducing the childhood experiences of Jane Eyre and her love story with Rochester,this paper at-tempts to explore Jane Eyre's deep spiritual core:a female char-acter with a humble birth and a twisted living road,but she al-ways adheres to the maintenance of independent personality,the pursuit of individual freedom and the advocation of life equality, and she also dares to fight for freedom.Key words resistance;freedom of thought;equality《简·爱》是英国文学史上的惊世之作。

《简爱》赏析

学校代码：10904学士学位论文《简爱》赏析姓名：学号：指导教师：学院：专业：完成日期：枣庄学院外国语学院学士学位论文Jane Appreciation摘要《简爱》是19世纪英国批判现实主义文学作家夏洛蒂勃朗特的代表作。

它成功地塑造了英国文学史中第一个对爱情、生活、社会以及宗教都采取了独立自主的积极进取态度和敢于斗争、敢于争取自由平等地位的女性形象。

从简爱中我学到了永远不要放弃对生活的希望，对爱情的执着。

《简爱》通过时代背景的对照，夏洛蒂•勃朗特本人与简•爱在个人经历、自身条件、心态的对照以及夏洛蒂•勃朗特生活中人物与小说中主要人物的对照，对《简•爱》这部具有浓厚自传色彩的作品进行分析, 从而进一步指出: 简•爱这个坚强独立、敢于反抗和追求平等地位的女性实际上是夏洛蒂•勃朗特本人真实的写照，《简•爱》这部作品也正是作者生活的写照。

本文主要从简爱的性格特点以及人的价值=尊严+爱进行分析。

通过简爱对爱情的执着来体现生活中的真善美。

关键词：希望，执着，平等，尊严，价值AbstractJane Eyre is a representative work of Charlotte Bronte who is an English critical realist writer of the 19th century.It successfully presents the first female character in the history of English literature who takes an independent and positive attitude towards love, life, society and religion and dares to struggle and strive for freedom and equality.I learn from Janenever give up hope for life,to love the persistent. This article through the background control, Charlotte Bront and Jane love in personal experience and their own conditions, attitude control and Charlotte Bront life characters and stories of the main characters in the control, the" Jane love" this strong autobiographical works for analysis, thus further pointed out: Jane love the strong and independent, daring to struggle and the pursuit of equal status of women is actually Charlotte Bront himself a true portrayal," Jane love" this work is the author of life. This paper is chiefly an analysis of Jane Eyre’s character trait and the equation that human value is equal to dignity plus love.It is by Jane to love the persistent to relect the true love.Key words:hope, persistent,equality,dignity,value目录摘要 (i)Abstract (ii)CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION (1) (2)1.1.1WRITING BACKGROUND (2)1.1.2SOCIAL BACKGROUND (3)1.2A BOUT AUTHOR (7)CHAPTER TWO ANALYSIS JANE (9)2.1THE BEAUTY OF HUMAN NATURE OF J ANE (9)2.2T HE PERSISTENT OF PURSUIT OF LOVE (10)CHAPTER THREE CONLUSION (12)WORK CITES (14)ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (14)Chapter one introductionJane Eyre is a novel by English writer Charlotte Brontë. It was published in London, England, in 1847 with the title Jane Eyre. An Autobiography under the pen name "Currer Bell". The Penguin edition describes it as an "influential feminist text" because of its in-depth exploration of a strong female character's feelings. The novel merges elements of three distinct genres. It has the form of a Bildungsroman, a story about a child's maturation, focusing on the emotions and experiences that accompany growth to adulthood. The novel also contains much social criticism, with a strong sense of morality at its core, and finally has the brooding and moody quality and Byronic character typical of Gothic fiction.It is a novel often considered ahead of its time due to its portrayal of the development of a thinking and passionate young woman who is both individualistic, desiring for a full life, while also highly moral. Jane evolves from her beginnings as a poor and plain woman without captivating charm to her mature stage as a compassionate and confident whole woman. As she matures, she comments much on the complexities of the human condition. Jane also has a deeply pious personal trust in God, but is also highly self-reliant. Although Jane suffers much, she is never portrayed as a damsel in distress who needs rescuing. For this reason, it is sometimes regarded as an important early feminist (or proto-feminist) novel.Jane Eyre is a poor but aspiring small in body but huge in soul obscure but self-respecting girl. After we close the covers of the book after having a long journey of the spirit Jane Eyre a marvelous figure has left us so much to recall and to think: We remember her goodness: for someone who lost arms and blinded in eyes for someone who despised her for her ordinariness and even for someone who had hurt her dee ply in the past. We remember her pursuit of justice. It’s like a companion with the goodness. But still a virtuous person should promote the goodness on one side and must check the badness on the other side. We remember her self-respect and the clear situa tion on equality. In her opinion everyone is the same at the God’s feet. Though there are differences in status、in property and also in appearance but all the humanbeing are equal in personality. We also remember her striving for life her toughness and her confidence.When we think of this girl what she gave us was not a pretty face or a transcendent temperament that make us admire deeply but a huge charm of her personality. Actually she wasn’t pretty and of course the ordinary appearance didn’t make others feel good of her even her own aunt felt disgusted with it. And some others even thought that she was easy to look down on and to tease so when Miss Ingram met Jane Eyre she seemed quite contemptuous for that she was obviously much more prettier than ‘the plain and ugly governess’. But as the little governess had said: ‘Do you think because I am poor obscure plain and little I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!’ This is the idea of equality in Jane Eyre’s mind. God hadn’t given her beauty and wealt h but instead God gave her a kind mind and a thinking brain. Her idea of equality and self-respect impress us so much and let us feel the power inside her body.If you want to know the famous novel,you must first of it thoroughly understang the background.Through the background,we can have a better understanding of it.We can also the author.writing backgroundJane eyre by 1847 is an autobiography composition is very thick novels, though the story is fictional books, but the heroine and many other character of life, the environment, even many of life's details, are taken from the author and the surrounding people true experience. The author, charlotte Bronte 1816 was born in northern England a family pastor. Mother, age eight premature death was sent to charlotte a boarding school. There is bad living conditions, two of her sister died because of infected with lung disease and successively. So charlotte and sister Emily returned home to, in the desolate Yorkshire mountain spent his childhood. 15 years old when she entered the miss WuLe do school, a few years later when teachers in this school. Then she was a teacher, but because family cannot bear to a lady miss, broadly tutor discrimination and mean and give up the family teacher living way. Shewas going to school, so she self-governance in the support of your mother go to Italy with Emily study French and German. However, since no one came to attend school can't be done. But she is in Italian learning experience inspired her strong desire to express themselves in the literary creation, prompted her into the road."Jane eyre" write in 1846, is charlotte second novel. She borrowed a risen from poverty young woman struggles, to express his bosom, integrated su deeply touched when readers. Novels in 1847 autumn to the pseudonym of kohler bell, published in the next year they have immediately twice reprint. The author of an unknown technocrat, charlotte Bronte, thus enter the famous British novelist ranks.Jane eyre by unique not only lies in the novel of authenticity and strong artistic appeal, lies in the novel in shaping a unyielding secular pressure, independent, the positive enterprising female image. Novels in Jane eyre love story for rochester, vividily as the fire was the enthusiasm and sincere heart, strongly reveals her love. She wont convergence of the stupid and mocked them rdominating self-improvement and self-reliance, shows the personality and good ideal. She loved boldly love, but when she found herself loved ones and wife, and resolutely left her and places of reluctance. Novel expressed thought that women unwilling designated their status and social requirements at work that marriage equality, independent was extraordinary, England's literary is big to vibrate. The fictional novel describing the ending, legacy, obtained eyre back alone and helpless rochester side. This action although worth deliberate, but it show the author's ideal -- women in economic, social status and the independent family to the love of equality and faithful move.social backgroundFor from Jane eyre by analysis, to charlotte's purpose of writing, descriptions, we can see "she" (charlotte Bronte's or her autobiography the hero Jane) religious consciousness is distinctive (with the progress of the society at that time significance). It is not an accidental appear, can say is a society period the embodiment of the human spirit, a generation of reflect social thought. 18 th century, British capitalism development is rapid, along with the beginning of the industrial revolution, the factoryset up, the proletariat formed gradually, at the same time, the enclosures scale, a largenumber of farmers bankrupt, stray around the country, and the city is. Social composition and social life of the violent change, the traditional religious belief in the role of the masses were severely weakened. In the church of England corruption, moral corruption, crime, by increasing of the 1784 John Wesley (John Wesley1703-1791) established in Britain independent sectarian--Wesley religious, it belongs to the protestant reformation traditional, tries to save the crisis, Renaissance Christian faith. To adapt to the 18 th century Britain, the development of capitalism, this denominations accept and strengthen some neglected in the history of the protestant factions of the doctrine: think saved both with grace, also depends on the individual freedom of choice, all people have saved may, by the holy spirit, the reach of the love of god for others completely, obtain perfect Christ character, in theology, not baked in one over Emphasize the holy spirit has made people of faith and reform the power of the Christian life, religion is the core of man and god's personal contact. In the social view, pay great attention to the lower class, advocate social improvement. On the other hand, this sectarian ask believers pious read the bible, strict religious life, improve the moral level and innovation appearance, and strict church groups, insist on the bottom a mission. This sectarian in Britain by the support of the masses. Bronte sisters from the father of Jane eyre by analysis, the creation of charlotte's intentions descriptions, we can see "she" (charlotte Bronte's or her autobiography the hero Jane) religious consciousness is distinctive (with the progress of the society at that time significance). It is not an accidental appear, can say is a society period the embodiment of the human spirit, a generation of reflect social thought. 18 th century, British capitalism development is rapid, along with the beginning of the industrial revolution, the factory set up, the proletariat formed gradually, at the same time, the enclosures scale, a large number of farmers bankrupt, stray around the country, and the city is.Social composition and social life of the violent change, the traditional religious belief in the role of the masses were severely weakened. In the church of England corruption, moral corruption, crime, by increasing of the 1784 John Wesley (JohnWesley1703-1791) established in Britain independent sectarian--Wesley religious, it belongs to the protestant reformation traditional, tries to save the crisis, Renaissance Christian faith. To adapt to the 18 th century Britain, the development of capitalism, this denominations accept and strengthen some neglected in the history of the protestant factions of the doctrine: think saved both with grace, also depends on the individual freedom of choice, all people have saved may, by the holy spirit, the reach of the love of god for others completely, obtain perfect Christ character, in theology, not baked in one oven. Emphasize the holy spirit has made people of faith and reform the power of the Christian life, religion is the core of man and god's personal contact. In the social view, pay great attention to the lower class, advocate social improvement. On the other hand, this sectarian ask believers pious read the bible, strict religious life, improve the moral level and innovation appearance, and strict church groups, insist on the bottom a mission. This sectarian in Britain by the support of the masses. Bronte sisters father Patrick bront? Is this sectarian priests. Mrs Bronte's death, her sister Elizabeth comprised of aram will care of the child's life, she has a rigorous teaching style of pragmatic Wesley. With Wesley sect of the ties, in Bronte sisters had important influence upon. This paper in their own attitude, when emotions and feelings is shown. In another important aspects need to focus on is: show thought consciousness can be called Europe bourgeois revolution (especially the 1836 British charter reform movement) in the forefront of the symptoms, is just a penetration in Europe of culture important factors, the religious in go to. This in Russia, China pougatcheff uprising taiping revolution has similar effects. Patrick Bronte is the sectarian priests. Mrs Bronte's death, her sister Elizabeth comprised of aram will care of the child's life, she has a rigorous teaching style of pragmatic Wesley. With Wesley sect of the ties, in Bronte sisters had important influence upon. This paper in their own attitude, when emotions and feelings is shown. In another important aspects need to focus on is: show thought consciousness can be called Europe bourgeois revolution (especially the 1836 British charter reform movement) in the forefront of the symptoms, is just apenetration in Europe of culture important factors, the religious in go to. This in Russia, China pougatcheff uprising taiping revolution has similar effect s.1.2About authorCharlotte Brontë(April 21, 1816 – March 31, 1855) was an English novelist, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters whose novels have become enduring classics of English literature. Life and worksCharlotte Brontë was born at Thornton, in Yorkshire, England, the third of six children, to Patrick Brontë (formerly "Patrick Brunty"), an Irish Anglican clergyman, and his wife, Maria Branwell. In April 1820 the family moved to Haworth, where Patrick had been appointed Perpetual Curate. Maria Branwell Brontë died of cancer on 15 September 1821, leaving five daughters and a son to the care of her sister Elizabeth Branwell. In August 1824, Charlotte was sent with three of her sisters to the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire (which she would describe as Lowood School in Jane Eyre). Its poor conditions, Charlotte maintained, permanently affected her health and physical development, and hastened the deaths of her two elder sisters, Maria (born 1814) and Elizabeth (born 1815), who died of tuberculosis in 1825 soon after they were removed from the school.At home in Haworth Parsonage, Charlotte and the other surviving children —Branwell, Emily, and Anne —were influenced by their father's library of Walter Scott, Byron, Tales of the Genii and The Arabian Nights. They began chronicling the lives and struggles of the inhabitants of their imaginary kingdoms. Charlotte and Branwell wrote stories about their country — Angria — and Emily and Anne wrote articles and poems about theirs — Gondal. The sagas were elaborate and convoluted (and still exist in part manuscripts) and provided them with an obsessive interest in childhood and early adolescence, which prepared them for their literary vocations in adulthood. Charlotte continued her education at Roe Head school in Mirfield from 1831 to 1832, where she met her lifelong friends and correspondents, Ellen Nussey and Mary Taylor. Charlotte returned as a teacher from 1835 to 1838. In 1839 she took up the first of many positions as governess to various families in Yorkshire, a careershe pursued until 1841. In 1842 she and Emily travelled to Brussels to enroll in a pensionnat run by Constantin Heger (1809–1896) and his wife Claire ZoëParent Heger (1804–1890). In return for board and tuition, Charlotte taught English and Emily taught music. Their time at the pensionnat was cut short when Elizabeth Branwell, their aunt who joined the family after the death of their mother to look after the children, died of internal obstruction in October 1842. Charlotte returned alone to Brussels in January 1843 to take up a teaching post at the pensionnat. Her second stay at the pensionnat was not a happy one; she became lonely, homesick, and deeply attached to Constantin Heger. She finally returned to Haworth in January 1844 and later used her time at the pensionnat as the inspiration for some of The Professor and Villette. Portrait of Charlotte Brontë, 1873,Charlotte and her father were now left alone. In view of the enormous success of Jane Eyre, she was persuaded by her publisher to visit London occasionally, where she revealed her true identity and began to move in a more exalted social circle, becoming friends with Harriet Martineau, Elizabeth Gaskell, William Makepeace Thackeray and G. H. Lewes. However, she never left Haworth for more than a few weeks at a time as she did not want to leave her aging father's side.In June 1854, Charlotte married Arthur Bell Nicholls, her father's curate. She died nine months later during her first pregnancy. Her death certificate gives the cause of death as phthisis (tuberculosis), but there is a school of thought that suggests she may have died from her excessive vomiting caused by severe morning sickness in the early stages of pregnancy. There is also evidence to suggest that Charlotte died from typhus she may have caught from Tabitha Ackroyd, the Bronte household's oldest servant, who died shortly before her. Charlotte was interred in the family vault in The Church of St. Michael and All Angels, Haworth, West Yorkshire, England.Chapter two analysis JaneJane is a kind and simple girl, although she humble, small, not beautiful. But she has a ersistent heart.2. 1the beauty of human nature of JaneJane beliefs and actions show come out of power, deeply moved by generation after generation of readers heart. Jane, with her own thought and the personality of the rational knowledge, to their own value and emotional independent judgment, face life, shaping self, accept the challenge, obtain perfect and happy life.the life of JaneJane from the lost parents, lodged at aunt home and was not equal treatment. Aunt was later sent to reach lowood charity school, was cold the principal harmony. Hand over a friend Helen during, but dying of infectious diseases.After leaving school she to very well when the family estate damrong phidej teachers. And with actor rochester love each other, and wedding, but the mysterious man block. Male leading role, the first wife to come on stage, a madman. Jane leave. Along the way she beg nearly starved to death, were the priest st John's rescue, the latter for him to seek a rural teachers' professional. Jane uncle John Jane died, twenty thousand pounds heritage. Then st John's going to India missionary, before I leave to Jane to marry him but he frankly told her, he want to marry her not because love her, but he needs a well-bred assistant. Jane think should repay his kindness, but a significant factor in not promised him. That night, in st John's in wild waiting for Jane answer, in Jane eyre will make the decision, she seems to hear rochester in the distant place shout her name "Jane! Jane! Jane!" She decided to return to rochester side. When Jane back to grace, damrong phidej plantations, the whole park into ruins. Originally a few months ago, on a stormy night, crazy woman Bertha set fire to the whole manor, rochester in order to save her, was burned an arm and blind eyes, live alone in a few miles a farm. Jane to farm, to his own love out, they finally get married; Two years later, the rochester one eye be healed, he saw Jane for his first child was born.Jane’s characterJane character has obvious duality, namely Jane both her true, the good and the beautiful and rich strong rebellious characteristics, strong side; Also has a lack of confidence, always feel inferior, and of the pursuit of love and keep old conservative traditional marriage side. But it's also because this kind of dual character, in English literature character gallery, Jane this character image just appear more plump and is more authenticity. Agree with |comment.2.2The persistent of pursuit of loveJane exist in a parents... sponsor environment, since the childhood under age not the same treatment, aunt abandon, cousin contempt, cousin insults and beaten up...... This is a child of the dignity of ruthless trample, but that's because all this, change back to Jane. Love infinite confidence and strong and unyielding spirit, a victory over the inner personality strength.In front of rochester, she never because he's a status of teachers and beneath the family feel inferior, but think they are equal. Should not because she's servant, and not respected by others. It is because of her integrity, exalted, pure, have not been secular society heart pollution, making rochester to shock, and take her as a can and himself in the spirit of equality in conversation, and slowly deeply in love with her. His sincerity, let she moved, she accepted him.And when they get married of that day of, Jane. Love to know the rochester has a wife, she felt she had to leave, she speak thus, "I want to follow god by the law, issued by the world I will hold me awake and not in like this when the principle of crazy accept", "I want to firmly hold this position". This is Jane told rochester she must reason to leave, but speak from the heart, to a new level of consciousness to his stuff is Jane cheated, her self-esteem was mocked, because she loved rochester, ask which woman can take it was their most trust, the most intimate people cheat? Jane weathered, but also made a very rational decision. In such a very strong power to love surrounded under, in a beautiful, rich life temptation, she still to stand as a personal dignity, this is Jane most to have the spiritual glamour place.Novel design a very light-although the end of rochester estate ruin, he also became a a disabled, but we see, it is such a condition, make Jane no longer in dignity and conflicts between the love,while satisfying--her and rochester got married in the dignity, but also there is love.The novel tells us that our life is the best of the dignity of people with love, the ending of the novel to the heroine of the arrangement is a kind of life. Though I think so of final outcome too perfect, even the perfect itself marks snorkelling, but I still respect the author to the good life ideal-is dignity and love, after all in today's society, will people's value = dignity + love the way the pay of the formula can often help realize the money. People are crazy for money and position seems to be covered and love. In the poor and the rich choice between rich, in love and do not love to choose between not love. Few people will like Jane such as love for personality give up all, and any reservation.Jane eyre have show our is a change numerous for brief, is a kind of art, is a kind of pursuit of the whole heart pay feeling, is a simplified feelings regardless of the gain and loss, it is like a glass of ice water, and purify every reader of mind, also cause readers, especially the resonance of the female readers.Chapter three conlusionThis is a story about a special and unreserved woman who has been exposed to a hostile environment but continuously and fearlessly struggling for her ideal life. The story can be interpreted as a symbol of the independent spirit.It seems to me that many readers’ English reading experience starts with Jane Eyer. I am of no exception. As we refer to the movie “Jane Eyer”, it is not surprising to find some differences because of its being filmized and retold in a new way, but the spirit of the novel remains----to be an independent person, both physically and mentally.Jane Eyer was a born resister, whose parents went off when she was very young, and her aunt，the only relative she had，treated her as badly as a ragtag. Since Jane’s education in Lowwood Orphanage began, she didn’t get what she had been expecting——simply being regarded as a common person, just the same as any other girl around. The suffers from being humiliated and devastated teach Jane to be persevering and prize dignity over anything else.As a reward of revolting the ruthless oppression, Jane got a chance to be a tutor in Thornfield Garden. There she made the acquaintance of lovely Adele and that garden’s owner, Rochester, a man with warm heart despite a cold face outside. Jane expected to change the life from then on, but fate had decided otherwise: After Jane and Rochester fell in love with each other and got down to get marry, she unfortunately came to know in fact Rochester had got a legal wife, who seemed to be the shadow following Rochester and led to his moodiness all the time ----Rochester was also a despairing person in need of salvation. Jane did want to give him a hand, however, she made up her mind to leave, because she didn’t want to betray her own principles, because she was Jane Eyer. The film has finally got a symbolist end: Jane inherited a large number of legacies and finally returned. After finding Rochester’s misfortune brought by his original mad wife, Jane chose to stay with him forever.I don’t know what other s feel, but frankly speaking, I would rather regard the section that Jane began her teaching job in Thornfield as the film’s end----especiallywhen I heard Jane’s words “Never in my life have I been awaken so happily.” For one thing, this ideal and brand-new beginning of life was what Jane had been imagining for long as a suffering person; for another, this should be what the audiences with my views hoped her to get. But the professional judgment of producing films reminded me to wait for a totally different result: There must be something wrong coming with the excellence----perhaps not only should another section be added to enrich the story, but also we may see from the next transition of Jane’s life that “Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know w hat you would get.” (By Forrest Gump’s mother, in the film “Forrest Gump”)What’s more, this film didn’t end when Jane left Thornfield. For Jane Eyer herself, there should always be somewhere to realize her great ideal of being independent considering her fortitude, but for Rochester, how he can get salvation? The film gives the answer tentatively: Jane eventually got back to Rochester. In fact, when Jane met Rochester for the first time, she scared his horse and made his heel strained, to a certain extent, which meant Rochester would get retrieval because of Jane. We can consider Rochester’s experiences as that of religion meaning. The fire by his frantic wife was the punishment for the cynicism early in his life. After it, Rochester got the mercy of the God and the love of the woman whom he loved. Here we can say: human nature and divinity get united perfectly in order to let such a story accord with the requirements of both two sides. The value of this film may be due to its efforts to explore a new way for the development of humanism under the faith of religion.Work citesa)Jian Tong, sites world classic literature appreciation ". Beijing: Peking University press, 2001.2.b)Yuan Shi Quan, the foreign literature in miniature ". Shanghai: Chinese big dictionary press, 2001.8.c)Fang Zhou, "world literature in speed reading manual". Beijing: China youth press, 1999d)Jin Zhi Hao, the fellow travelers: high school students customize masterpiece, excellent work ". Shanghai: Chinese big dictionary press, 2000.3.e)TaoDeZhen, "world literary classics selections of. Beijing: higher education press, 2002.f) Liang Kun, the foreign literary classics selections of. Beijing: Chinese people's university press, 2002.g)Tian Zhao Yao, the western literary appreciation ". Beijing: China broadh) “M onder British fiction", the HouWeiRui, Shanghai foreign language education press, 1985.i) “The wasteland of heather on short-Bronte sister spread ", ZhangYun the, the,theChina federation of press, 2002k) "Charlotte Bronte letters," charlotte Bronte, r.n., 1984.l) “And when the speaker is said-more narrative learn an introduction”, the ZhaoYiHeng, Chinese people's university press, 1998m) And the novel "rhetoric, (beauty) the jebusites, huaming (Beijing university press, 1987。

【K12英语基础教育】jane-eyre-crosscultural-communication

in Jane Eyre. Charlotte’s sisters Anne and Emily Bronte both became
successful writers. In 1846, Charlotte and her sisters started publishing
poems and began writing novels: The Professor was Charlotte’s attempt to fictionalize her
End
-Rochester pretends to fall in love with Blanche Ingram - he then tell Jane that he really loves her - he proposes.
- They are about to get married when it is revealed that Mr. Rochester is already married. - Jane leaves. - She wanders on the Moors.
All 3 Bronte sisters…
Used a masculine pen name because women writers were not taken seriously at that time in Victorian England. Charlotte used the name Currer Bell.
Charlotte had four sisters and one brother. After their mother’s death, Bronte and her sisters were sent to the

英美文学选读习题14

【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[1] As an active participant of his age, Fitzgerald is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the ______.A Jazz AgeB Age of ReasonC Lost GenerationD Beat Generation答： A答案： A【题型：论述】【分数：10分】得分：8分[2] Make a comment on the character of Jane Eyre, the heroine of the novel by Charlotte Bronte.答：Jane Eyre is an orphan child with fiery spirit and a longing for love and be loved. She is a poor ,plain little governess who dares to love her master and cuts a completely new women image. Jane Eyre represents those middle-class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.答案：orphan|child|poor|plain|governess|middle class |working|woman【题型：阅读】【分数：4分】得分：1分[3] So I was full of trouble, full as I could be; and didn't know what to do. At last I had an idea; and I says, I'll go and write the letter-- and then see if I can pray. Why, it was astomishing, the way I felt as light as a feather, right off, and my troubels all gone. So I got a piece of paper and a pencil, all glad and excited, and set down and wrote...Questions:A. Who does I refer to in the passage?B. Who am I going to write to?C. What kind of image is "I"?答： A.Huckleberry,?the?protagonist?of?the?novel”adventures?of?Huckleberry?Finn?B.First?Huck?couldn’t?decide?whe write?a?letter?to?tell?Miss?Waston?where?Jim?is,?then?he?had?an?idea?and?wrote?an?appropria te?letter?C.Huck?is?a heart?and?a?deformed?conscience答案：Huck, Miss Watson, a boy with good heart but deformed conscience【题型：简答】【分数：4分】得分：0分[4]What is expressionism?答：答案：It is a reaction against materialism, describes individual's internal state of mind. the representatives are August Strinberg,Frank Wedeking and Eugene O'Neill.【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[5]The Marble Faun by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a romance set in______, is concerned about the dark aberrations of the human spirit.A FranceB SpainC EnglandD Italy答： D答案： D【题型：论述】【分数：10分】得分：8分[6] How did the Lost Generation come into being in the literary history of the United States? Who were the leading figures of this literary movement?答：First?World?War|American|young?men|disillusioned|expatriates|European?countries|Pound|Frost|Fiztgerald|Hemingway|Faulkner答案：First World War|American|young men|disillusioned|expatriates|European countries|Pound|Frost|Fiztgerald|Hemingway|Faulkner【题型：阅读】【分数：4分】得分：0分[7]“It is when the feet weary and hope seems vain that the heartaches and the longings arise. Know, then, that for you is neither surfeit nor content. In your rocking chair, by your window dreaming, shall you long, alone. In your rocking-chair, by your window, shall you dream such happiness as you may never feel.”A. Identify the author and the work.B. What does the rocking-chair symbolize？答： A.?From?Theodore?Dreiser’s?Sister?Carrie.? B.?It?symbolizes?that?Carrie’s?fate?is?unstable?and?she?is?unabl course?of?life.答案：Theodore Dreiser, Sister Carried, Carrie's fate【题型：简答】【分数：4分】得分：0分[8]What is the difference between the easy conceits and the difficult conceits employed in John Donne’s poetry？答：答案： The former are mythology and natural objects, while the latter are concerned with law, psychology and philosophy|intellectual difficulties【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：0分[9] 5. The most perfect example of the verse drama after Greek style in English is Milton’s _____.A paradise RegainedB Paradise LostC Ode to the West WindD Ulysses答： C答案： B【题型：阅读】【分数：4分】得分：1分[10]“Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. ”Questions:A. Who’s the poet of the quoted stanza, and what’s the title of the poem?B. What does the word “this”in the last line refer to?C. What idea do the quoted lines express?答：A.Shakespears;?"Shall?I?Compare?Thee?to?a?Summer's?Day"?/?"Sonnet?18"?B."This"?ref ers?to?the?poem?c.When?ypoetry,?you?are?even?with?time.?A?nice?summer's?day?is?usually?transient,?but?the?beauty?in? poetry?can?las答案：Shakespeare, Sonnet 18, permance of poetry【题型：简答】【分数：4分】得分：4分[11] What makes Sheridan the only important English dramatist of the 18th century?答：There are two reasons. First, his plays, especially The Rivals and The School for Scandals, are generally regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw, and as true classics in English comedy. Second, his greatness also lies in his theatrical art. His plays are the product of a dramatic genius as well as of a well-versed theatrical man.答案： his plays are the links between Shakespeare and Bernard Shaw. They are true classics in English comedy and product of a dramatic genius. He is a well-versed theatrical man【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[12] In _____’s hands, “dramatic monologue”reaches its maturity and perfection.A Alfred TennysonB Robert BrowningC William ShakespeareD George Eliot答： B答案： B【题型：阅读】【分数：4分】得分：0分[13]But it seemed that both his audacity and his respect were lost on Miss Daisy Miller. ‘I guessmother wouldn’t go—for you,’she smiled. ‘And she ain’t much bent on going, anyway. She don’t like to ride round in the afternoon.’After which she familiarly proceeded: ‘But did you really mean what you said just now—that you’d like to go up there?’Most earnestly I meant it, Winterbourne declared.A. Identify the author and the work.B. Where are they going to visit？答： A.From?Henry?James's?Daisy?Miller.?B.They?are?going?to?visit?an?old?castle.答案：Henry James, Daisy Miller, visit an old castle【题型：简答】【分数：4分】得分：4分[14] List three characters of Tom Jones.答：Tom,?Blifil?and?Sophia答案：Tom, Blifil and Sophia【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[15] The statement “Beauty is truth, truth beauty”is quoted from _____.A A. “Ode on Melancholy”B B. “To Autumn”C C. “Ode to Psyche”D D. “Ode on a Grecian Urn”答： D答案： D【题型：简答】【分数：4分】得分：2分[16] The white whale, Moby Dick is endowed with symbolic meaning. What do you think it symbolizes?答：A.To?Ahab,the?whale?is?either?an?evil?creature?itself?or?the?agent?of?an?evil?force?that? controls?the?universe,or?perhaps?both.? ????B.To?Ishmale,the?whale?is?an?astonishing?force,an ?immense?power,which?defies?rational?explanation?due?to?a?sense?of?mystery?it?carries.?It?is ?beautiful,but?malignant?at?the?same?time.?It?also?represents?the?tremendous?organic?vitality? of?the?universe,for?it?has?a?life?force?that?surges?onward?irresistibly,?impervious?to?the?desir es?or?wills?of?men.? ????C.As?to?the?reader,?the?whale?can?be?viewed?as?a?symbol?of?the?p hysical?limits?that?life?imposes?upon?man.?It?m答案：To Ahab, the whale is an evil creature or the agent of an evil force that controls the universe.To Ishmael, the whale is an astonishing force, an immense power, which defies rational explanation due to a sense of mystery it carries. It is beautiful, but malignant at the same time.To the reader, it may be regarded as a symbol of nature or an instrument of God's vengeance upon evil man.【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[17]The plays known as “the Lawrence trilogy”are all the following EXCEPT ________.A A Collier’s Friday NightB The Daughter - in - LawC Lady Chatterley’s LoverD The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyed答： C答案： C【题型：简答】【分数：4分】得分：1分[18] It is said that B. Shaw’s plays reflect the dramatist’s Fabianist idea. Give one example.答：As one of the influential members of the Fabian society,Shaw regarded the establishment of socialism by the emancipation of land and industrial capital from individual and class ownership as the final goal. As a realistic dramatist,he took the modern social issues as his subjects.Most of his plays are concerned with political,economic,moral,or religious problems. Mrs.Warren's Professional is a play about the economic oppression of women.答案： Mrs. Warren’s Profession【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[19] Most of the poems in _____ sing of the “en-masse”and the self as well.A Leaves of GrassB Drum TapsC North of BostonD The Cantos答： A答案： A【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[20] The Renaissance marks a transition from ______ to the modern world.A the old EnglishB the medievalC the feudalistD the capitalist答： B答案： B【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[21] Don Juan is a long poem based on a traditional ______ legend of a great lover and seducer of women.A A. SpanishB B. DutchC C. EnglishD D. Russian答： A答案： A【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：0分[22]The most original playwright of the Theatre of Absurd was __________.A Bernard ShawB John OsborneC Samuel BeckettD W. B. Yeats答：答案： C【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[23] Christopher Marlowe’s second achievement is his creation of ______ for the English drama.A the Byronic heroB the Renaissance heroC the Realistic heroD the Romantic hero答： B答案： B【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[24] Theodore Dreiser’s forgiving treatment of the career of his heroine in ____ drew heavily upon the naturalistic understanding of sexuality.A A. Sister CarrieB B. The FinancierC C. The TitanD D. The American Tragedy答： A答案： A【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：0分[25] The most distinguishing feature of Charles Dickens’works is ________.A witB satireC character-portrayalD plot答： B答案： C【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[26]The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ______.<A William Langland’s Peers PlowmanB Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesC John Gower’s Confessio AmantisD Sir Gawain and the Green Knight答： B答案： B【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[27] Because of her sensitivity to universal pattens of human behavior, ______ has brought the English novel, as an art of form, to its maturity.A Charlotte BronteB Jane AustenC Emily BronteD Henry Fielding答： B答案： B【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[28] 15. Thomas Hardy’s most cheerful and idyllic work is_____.A TessB Under the greenwood treeC The return of the nativeD Far from the madding crowd答： B答案： B【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[29]“Surface”, “Sneerwell”, “Backbite”, and “Candour”are most likely the names of the characters in _______.A Shaw’s Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionB Sheridan’s The School for ScandalC Shakespeare’s Love’s Labour’s LostD Christopher Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus答： B答案： B【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[30] Daisy Miller is one of Henry James’early works that dealt with ____.A the international themeB local colorismC psychological analysisD patriotism答： A答案： A【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[31]At the age of eighty -seven, ________ read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961.A Robert FrostB Walt WhitmanC Ezra PoundD T. S. Eliot答： A答案： A【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[32] Which writing is the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English?A Samson AgonistesB Paradise LostC Paradise RegainedD Beowulf答： A答案： A【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[33]Walt Whitman wrote down a great many poems to air his sorrow for the death of President ______, and one of the famous is “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d. ”A WashingtonB LincolnC FranklinD Kennedy答： B答案： B【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[34] 4. The most important play among Shakespeare’s comedies is _____.A HamletB The Twelfth NightC The Merchat of VeniceD The Merchant of Venice答： D答案： D【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[35] Nigger Jeff, Old Rogaum and His Theresa are all _____ by Dreiser.A A. novelsB B. novellasC C. playsD D. short stories答： D答案： D【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[36] In the description of sun-rise, the poet unconsciously expresses his helplessness in having to face up his duty as a man. This statement is about Robert Browning’s _______.A “My Last Duchess”B “Meeting at Night”C “Parting at Morning”D “Pippa Passes”答： C答案： C【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：0分[37] _____ by Henry James tells a story about a young and innocent American confronting the complexity of the European life.A A. The AmericanB B. The EuropeansC C. Daisy MillerD D. The Portrait of a Lady答：答案： A【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：0分[38]Charlotte Bronte’s autobiograghical work ______ largely based on her experience in Brussels.A The ProfessorB ShirleyC VilletteD Jane Eyre答： C答案： D【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[39] In Charles Dickens’early novels, he attacks one or more specific social evils, _____is a good example of describing the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark, criminal underworld life.A Oliver TwistB Bleak houseC David CopperfieldD Great Expectations答： A答案： A【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：0分[40] ______ is the leading figure of the English Romantic poetry, the focal poetic voice of the period.A William BlakeB William WordsworthC George Gordon ByronD Percy Bysshe Shelley答：答案： B【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[41]While Mark Twain seemed to have paid more attention to the “life”of the Americans, ________ had apparently laid a greater emphasis on the “inner world”of man.A William HowellsB Henry JamesC Bret HarteD Hamlin Garland答： B答案： B【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[42] The four great odes of John Keats are the following EXCEPT _______.A Ode on MelancholyB Ode on a Grecian UrnC Ode to a NightingaleD Ode to the West Wind答： D答案： D【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[43] We can easily find in Dreiser’s fiction a world of jungle, and ______ found expression in almost every book he wrote.A naturalismB romanticismC transcendentalismD cubism答： A答案： A【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[44]Among the following writers ________ is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th -century “stream - of - consciousness”novels and the founder of psychological realism.A T. S. EliotB James JoyceC William FaulknerD Henry James答： D答案： D【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[45] “Metaphysical Poetry”refers to the works of the 17th - century writers who wrote under the influence of _____.A MiltonB John DonneC JohnsonD Fielding答： B答案： B【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：0分[46] “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?/Thou art more lovely and more temperate/ Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May/And summer’s lease hath all too short a date,”the above beautiful sonnet was written by ______.A John DonneB John MiltonC William ShakespeareD Francis Bacon答：答案： C【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：0分[47] The most important characteristics in Ulysses by Alfred Tennyson is ____.A A. mastering of languageB B. excellent choice of wordsC C. use of the dramatic monologueD D. excellent metaphor答：答案： C【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[48]The work ________ by William Blake is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy world, though not without its evils and sufferings.A. Songs of Innocence &nA Songs of InnocenceB Songs of ExperienceC Poetical SketchesD Lyrical Ballads答： A答案： A【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：0分[49] As a woman of exceptional intelligence and life experience, George Eliot shows a particular concern for _________.A the feminismB the education for womenC the destiny of womenD the low status of women答：答案： C【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[50] The belief of the eighteenth - century neoclassicists in England led them to seek the following EXCEPT ______.A proportionB unityC harmonyD spirit答： D答案： D【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：0分[51]Which of the following brings LITTLE impact on the development of 20th century literature?A Oscar Wilde’s idea of “Art for Art’s Sake”.B Friedrich Nietzche’s assertion: “God is dead”.C Arthur Schopenhauer’s philosophical ideas of irrationality.D Freudian-Jungian psychoanalysis.答：答案： A【题型：单选】【分数：1分】得分：1分[52] The literary form which is fully-developed and the most flourishing during the Romantic period is _________.A proseB dramaC novelD poetry答： D答案： D。

《简爱》中女权主义意识(英文)

摘要《简·爱》是现实主义时期著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作品,她被认为是一位卓越的女作家。

因为她在小说中描述的是与传统不同的女主人公简·爱的勇于追求自由、平等和独立精神。

它也是作者的自传体小说。

通过对简·爱的性格进行剖析，证明了简·爱是一个标准的女权主义者。

简·爱这个人物形象，博得读者的爱怜，在英国文学史上是位具有代表性的人物，不仅表现在外表的朴实无华，而且表现在她性格上的独特魅力。

简·爱因其性格中所具有的强烈反抗意识而特别地引人注目。

她坚持自己的原则去不断反抗不公平的社会。

她用尽全力去追求自由，平等，独立和真爱。

经过坚持不懈的努力她最终获得自尊，自由和真爱。

关键词：女权, 反叛, 独立, 平等, 真爱ABSTRACTJane Eyre is the most famous work of Charlotte Bronte, who is considered as an extraordinary woman novelist. Because the novel throbs with the heart-beats of its author, both literary critics and the readers have taken great interest in its unconventional heroine Jane Eyre, whose unconventionality is shown in the heroine’s pursuit of liberty, equality and independence. It is an autobiographical novel in a certain degree. This essay attempts to prove Jane is a real feminist through the analysis of her personality. Jane Eyre is a typical and magnificent representative in English literature, not only for her plain but famous appearance but also for her character’s outsta nding and alien thoughts. The image of Jane Eyre is brilliant for her rebellious character. She always insists on her principle to rebel and fights bravely against the unjust world. She still tries her best to pursue freedom, equality, independence and true love. By unremitting efforts she finally gets dignity, freedom and true love.KEY WORDS: feminist, rebel, independence, equality, true loveContentsIntroduction (9)Chapter One The D evelopment of Jane Eyre’s Resistance (10)1.1 Outburst period at Gateshead (10)1.2 Jane’s resistance at Lowood Institution (11)1.3 The perfection period at Thornfield and Moor House (13)Chapter Two Jane Eyre’s Pursuit of Independence and Freedom (14)2.1 Jane begins to realize the importance of independence and freedom (14)2.2 Jane gains strength from her teacher and her friend to achieve herindependence (14)2.3 Jane develops her independence fully and learns the pleasure of it (15)Chapter Three Jane Eyre’s Attitude Towards Love (18)3.1True love should be based on equality and mutual understanding (18)3.2The marriage pursued by women must be based on true love (19)Conclusion (23)Acknowledgements (24)Bibliography (25)IntroductionCharlotte Bronte, an English writer, is a great critical realist in the 19th century. She writes lots of works in her life. She sets to work on a new novel,Jane Eyre, which is published in August, 1847. Jane Eyre is her masterpiece which is a world famous novel. Jane Eyre has been translated into many languages and is always high in reading popularity. Jane Eyre, a plain, timid, weak and pale girl who appears to be a heroine, exists in numerous people’s minds. It seem s to be a strange phenomenon. How can she arouse the eminent attention of the readers throughout the world? Because Jane Eyre stands for an idealized woman in the 19th century. Charlotte Bronte aims at awakening women's consciousness and courage to equal rights and freedom. Jane Eyre cuts a completely new woman image. She represents those middle-class working women who are struggling for the recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being. Jane strives with all difficulties to gain women’s liberation and to pursue freedom, equality and true love. The analysis of Jane’s personalities and her attitudes toward love has shown partly Jane’s love — a kind of direct, enthusiastic and faithful love. The story of the independent-minded Jane and her love affair with Mr. Rochester opens up new dimension for women. She is a typical character of awakening bourgeois intellectual women. The heroine Jane moves most readers as a kind and unique image in spite of her plainness, poverty and low position. The profound meaning of Jane’s personalities makes this novel an extremely important work lists in the history of world literature as well as in the English literature.Chapter One The D evelopment of Jane Eyre’s Resistance1.1 Outburst period at GatesheadJane Eyre seems to be pale, thin and weak. She is like a piece of dust, nobody pays attention to her. At any time she may disappear. She was born an orphan, with an unfortunate family and long time repressive feeling; she builds up her resistant emotion. Under this background, everyone looks down upon her. Jane asks herself “why was I always suffering, always browbeaten, always abused, for ever condemned.” (Bronte, 2002:13) Her reason says “unjust!-unjust!” (Bronte, 2002:14) A first angry voice bursts out from her deep heart. When John beats her again, she attacks him viciously. She shouts at him, “Wicked and cruel boy! You are like a murderer —you are like a slav e-driver—you are like the Roman emperors!" (Bronte, 2002:7) When Mrs. Reed tells Mr. Brocklehurst that Jane has a bad character and a deceitful disposition, she defends that “I am not deceitful: if I were, I should say I loved you; but I declare I do not love you: I dislike you the worst of anybody in the world except John Reed; and this book about the liar, you may give it to your girl, Georgiana, for it is she who tells lies, and not I." (Bronte, 2002:48) However, Jane is a brave soldier who dares to face up all kinds of injustice and fights against them. Before she leaves Gateshead, she rebukes her aunt’s cruelty, “How dare I, Mrs. Reed? How dare I? Because it is the truth. You think I have no feelings and that I can do without one bit of love or kindness; but I cannot live so: and you have no pity. I shall remember how you thrust me back—roughly and violently thrust me back—into the red- room, and locked me up there, to my dying day; though I was in agony; though I cried out, while suffocating with distress, ‘Have mercy! Have mercy, Aunt Reed!’And that punishment you made me suffer because your wicked boy struck me—knocked me down for nothing. I will tell anybody who asks me questions, this exact tale. People think you a good woman, but you are bad, hard-hearted. You are deceitful!” (Bronte, 2002:49) Jane suffers various violent treatments by her aunt and cousins; she tries her best to be a good girl but only results in failure in Mrs. Reed’seyes.Jane resists and resists, but finally breaks out and speaks all her anger; Jane’s courage frightens Mrs. Reed, for she knows Jane is right. In those days at Gateshead Hall, Jane's strong, brave and unbending characteristics are expressed step by step. Her every behavior shows her great indignation. Isolation, poverty, discrimination and oppression cause her to revolt against the unfair society in her own way. Jane is driven away from and escapes from Reed’s house partly because of fearless courage. Jane fights not only for just treatment, but also for equality. This is the first step of the development of Jane Eyre’s rebellious character.1.2 Jane’s resistance at Lowood InstitutionLowood Institution is a charity school for poor clergymen’s da ughters. Jane lives here for eight years. Her rebellious sprits become mature. In fact it is a hell for poor girls. The school is like a prison dominated by cold, implacable cruelty and Brocklehurst. Children here are not supplied with enough food, clothes and good treatment of disease. Many of them die of illness. They have no love and sympathy at all, living in hunger and cold. Children must pray for God and thank for oppressors. Helen, a clever, intelligent and beautiful girl receives curse and beat, finally loses her young life. She believes in God. She says to Jane, “I am sure there is a future state; I believe God is good; I can resign my immortal part to Him without any misgiving. God is my father; God is my friend: I love Him; I believe He loves me.”(Bronte, 2002:121) Just because of these ideas, Helen has n’t a little rebel against that kind of cruel treatment.However Jane is not like Helen. She always tries to rebel, though she is still a child. She tells Helen: “A great deal: you are good to those who are good to you. It is all I ever desire to be. If people were always kind and obedient to those who are cruel and unjust, the wicked people would have it all their own way: they would never feel afraid, and so they would never alter, but would grow worse and worse. When we are struck at without a reason, we should strike back again very hard; I am sure we should—so hard as to teach the person who struck us never to do it again." (Bronte,2002:82) This rhythmic and forceful speech embodies the deep bourgeois oppression of the lower women and Jane’s rebellious spirit. To achieve independence as an equal human, Jane never yields to fate and background. She does as she says. Her attitude towards her cousins, her aunt and Mr. Brocklehurst all proves it.Another woman, Miss Temple, is also admired and deeply loved by Jane. Miss Temple’s learning stimulates Jane’s longing for intelligence and Miss Temple’s kindness stirs up her enthusiasm for ideal life. So when Miss Temple leaves Lowood, Jane can’t put up with dullness and isolation there. She thinks that now she is left in her natural element, and begins to feel the stirring of old emotions. Jane looks forward to a new life and a free sky. No matter what will happen in the future, she will face it bravely. The rebellious fury is burnt again. Then Jane makes an advertisement and gets a governess profession at Thornfield. In this period, Jane’s rebellious spirit is up to a new standard and catches a more profound meaning. Her fighting is not only against a person, but against the social convention.1.3 The perfection period at Thornfield and Moor HouseAt Thornfield, Jane, as a grown-up, changes her harshness into a refined woman with good education, delicacy of feeling and gentleness of manners. At Thornfield she gets along well with everyone. Jane is mild to everyone. Adele, a girl without talent is carefully taught by Jane and made safe and happy. In such a wild world, she forgets her pain and her misery. Furthermore, she learns to be tolerant to others’ shortcomings. Hearing that Mrs. Reed is dying, she comes back soon to Gateshead. Although she once has told Mrs. Reed that she never wants to see her again, she forgets and forgives her. Jane’s delicate feeling is best revealed when she meets Rochester, who is hurt. She gives him a hand in a polite way. In spite of his rude rejection, she says, “I can not think of leaving you, sir, at so late an hour, in this solitary lane, till I see you are fit to mount your horses.” (Bronte, 2002:173)When Jane falls in love with Rochester, she is awaken and still keeps her resistance; she makes her every effort to rebel against social prejudice and customs, struggling for independence and true love. She dares to say “no” to anyone, includingher master, Mr. Rochester who is domineering and arrogant. When she talks with Mr. Rochester, she doesn’t avoid saying what she thinks whether Mr. Rochester is happy or not. On the wedding between Jane and Rochester, Jane is told that Rochester has married before. Bertha Mason, a mad woman is his wife who has been living in Thornfield. At the bad news, Jane knows if she lives with him, she will fall into the category of mistress and lose her respect. The dream of freedom, happiness and the independence which she was looking forward to would become fancies. The strength of reason is power over emotion. Jane leaves Thornfield resolutely to meet unknown fate in the future. When she almost starves to death, St. John helps her. Jane’s sp irit of revolt is obviously expressed by her refusal of St. John’s offer of marriage .Jane never changes her will to follow St. John. She thinks, “If I join St. John, I abandon half myself, if I go to India, I go to premature death”, “if I do make the sacrifice he urges, I will make it absolutely: I will throw all on the altar—heart, vitals, the entire victim.”(Bronte, 2002:642) Jane says to St. John, “I scorn your idea of love.”(Bronte, 2002:649) Jane dares to rebel against St. John’s offer because she th inks they are equal. She has the right to rebel against him. This period is the perfection of Jane Eyre’s rebelli ons.Chapter Two Jane Eyre’s Pursuit of Independence andFreedom2.1 Jane begins to realize the importance of independence and freedomIndependence is the outstanding quality throughout the whole process of the novel. Jane Eyre is not pretty and her character is unique. She is maltreated by her cousins and aunt. One day, when Jane takes John’s book to read, he beat s her once more. John says that Jane has no business to take his books; “Y ou have no business to take our books; you are a dependant, mama says, you have no money; your father left you none; you ought to beg, and not to live here with gentlemen’s children like us, and eat the same meals we do, and wear clothes at our mama’s expense”. (Bronte, 2002:7) When she fights against him severely, she is sent to Red Room.In the Red Room, she is frightened, but she keeps a clear mind that she realizes she needs to be saved from her blind fear of authority and be self-reliant. Her mind is in tumult, and all her heart in insurrection, her reason says “unjust! I never compromise to them. I shall be independent.” (Bronte, 2002:14) She hates Gateshead, hates everyone there. She hates Mrs. Reed who is a bad, hard-hearted woman. She treats her with miserable cruelty. Gateshead is a shelter for her, which teaches her a lot of things. Only when she is independent, can she be respected by others.After all, she is a little girl, it is hard for her to be economically independent. Therefore, she decides to be independent, self-sufficient in her mind. The Reeds are really mean to her and she thinks they suck. Of course, the feeling is mutual. Therefore, she is spared from the Reeds and is sent to a low budget orphan school called Lowood Institution.2.2 Jane gains strength from her teacher and her friend to achieve herindependenceAt Lowood Institution, under the hypocritical Evangelicalism of the headmaster, Mr. Brocklehurst, she suffers further privation in the austere environment. Thecondition there is disgusting, but Jane does n’t submit to it. She gain s her strength from her teacher and her fellow students to achieve her independence. Maria Temple, an independent woman, is the headmaster of the Institution. She is a responsible teacher, and kind to the students, even the low students. Consequently, she gains respect and popularity from the people around her. From Maria Temple, Jane learns that independence is a very important thing for everyone.In our modern society, it seems to be more important to be independent. Jane learns the importance of duty and self-control through the friendship with Helen. At the beginning, Jane has much sympathy for Helen. Because Helen does n’t dare to fight against the person who insults her. When Helen is to be flogged and to be asked to stand in the middle of a room that full of people. Jane thinks that Helen should turn against others when she is bullied; she should resist against Miss Scatcherd, and dislike Miss Scatcherd. From these we can see that Jane is not obedient to anyone if someone bullies her, she will do the same thing to others. As known to all, it is not violence that best overcomes hatred, nor vengeance that most certainly heals injury. And Jane learns these from Helen. Jane is deeply moved by Helen’s actions and words. “Yet it would be your duty to bear it, if you could not avoid it: it is weak and silly to say you cannot bear what your fate to be required to bear”. (Bronte, 2002:79) Then through the friendship with Helen, she learns to be self-control in a certain degree. “It is far better to endure patiently a smart which nobody feels but yourself, than to commit a hasty action whose evil consequences will extend to all connected with you; and besides, the Bible bids us return good for evil”. (Bronte, 2002:79) Jane stays at Lowood for 8 years. She attempts to do well in all aspects. She makes rapid progress both in study and work. She becomes stronger than before in her heart. The idea of breaking out the conservative puritan life does not occur to her. She longs for a new form of life. So she gets a job by herself.2.3 Jane develops her independence fully and learns the pleasure of itIn order to lead a life of independence, Jane works as a governess at Thornfield Hall. She is looks down upon by the rich ladies of the fashionable society, but she never despises herself, she never feels herself inferior. She is satisfied with, and even proud of her honest, independent work. She loves Rochester who is in a large possession of fortune and in a high social position, but she never thinks of relying on these things. Once she immediately answers Rochester’s question about what else she needs, by saying, “Your regard: and if I give mine in return, that debt will be quit.”(Bronte, 2002:424) This kind of independence is irrevocable out of her pure soul which hasn’t been contaminated by the earthy care at all and represented the pur e uprightness. When the happiness reaches the highest point where she is about to be the dreamy person’s wife, Jane ke eps a clear mind, protecting her independence and her personality. She refuses all the precious gifts that could have been owned as a fiancee and reminded Rochester again and again of the responsibility she should continue to fulfill as a governess.As Rochester’s bri de, she continues to be Adele’s governess; when Rochester intends to give her a lot of jewelry and beautiful clothes, she refuses. Generally, beautiful clothes and jewelries are the favorite things to women. Jane thinks that real love is not based on money and jewelry. Her love does n’t mix with other strange ideas. In her opinion, self-respect, independence and equal rights are the fundamental elements of one’s love. She does n’t want to be the slave of money, and she d oes n’t want to rely on others. They fall in deep love with each other. Rochester does n’t want Jane to go on working，he wishes Jane belongs to him and considers Jane as his property．Jane refuses his suggestion without any hesitation．In her opinion，if she loses her job, she must depend on Rochester to live，thus independence says goodbye to her. She doesn’t want to be a thing of Rochester. At last, she decides to preserve her independence.With the news coming that Rochester’s wife is still alive, Jane is driven back to her original status. It means that Jane is just a lover to him. By this time, there are two roads in front of her: One is to be the lover of Rochester. The other is away from Rochester to begin a new life. Actually, it’s very sad for Jane to leave the place sheliked, and the man she deeply loved. However, Jane is the unique! She is determined to leave Thornfield without any hesitation. As we know that nothing can succeed in confining her before her resistant spirit .The powerful shout of the born independent spirit from her heart remains her independence. The natural strength of independence overwhelms her, “still indomitable was the reply—I care for myself. The more solitary, the more friendless, and the more unsustained I can be, the more I will respect myself.” (Bronte, 2002:467) With Jane and Rochester’s suffering the readers’ compassion is also aroused besides the feeling of pity. There is no defying that the blood of independence is going through Jane’s whole body from the day she was born. Fleeing from calamity solitarily, she does not hesitate all prices to maintain her own personality, dignity, and rebellions and independence is portrayed more perfect, and richer. Nowadays, as to women, we can’t depend on men completely. We should earn money through our efforts, we must be independent, never be subsidiary to others.In order to get dignity, freedom and independence, she runs away. At the prerequisite of maintaining her own character she does n’t take the jewelry and clothes which Rochester gives her. Jane arrives at the desolate crossroads of whitcross and is reduced to begging for food. Fortunately, the Rivers siblings helped her. At Moor House, Jane learns the pleasure of self-sufficiency. She lives a happy life there. She develops great affection for the ladies, Diana and Mary, and they are really nice to her. Jane becomes spiritually stronger and more confident through the friendship with Diana and Mary. She does n’t want to live there for a long time. She intend s to find a job to support herself, so St. John finds a job for her to teach at the local school. While teaching, she gains more social respect, and her students make progress quickly. Furthermore, the students and their parents like her very much. She is very happy and satisfied with her own conditions. As a teacher, her students’ progress and popularity are the best gifts to her.Chapter Three Jane Eyre’s Attitude Towards Love3.1True love should be based on equality and mutual understandingFrom the strong ego and independent personality, Jane seeks for love which should be based on mutual understanding, equality, respect and attraction. Jane is a governess, who has the profession with very low social position. Nearly no one looks up on it at that time. Being born of second class, Jane is sensitive about her position in society. She hopes that she can live with the same self-esteem as everyone in the upper class. She works very hard to be a good lady to reach the norm which is required by the upper class. Then she is eager to be admitted by the man who she loves, i.e. Rochester. Generally speaking, people are often satisfied with beloved one’s compliment. As for Jane, things are the same. Rochester is one of the members of the upper class. Rochester is a rich gentleman with high social status and reputation. But Rochester falls in love with Jane, so does Jane. Jane doesn’t pay much attention t o the difference between their social positions, because she only admires and believes in marriage based on true love. Humble job and poverty cannot stop her loving an upper class gentleman. On this point, she shows a woman's extra strength to take a risky love with Rochester and keeps her self-esteem. She respects the mutual equality of personality.Jane’s viewpoint shows she has clear self-awake sense of love. As a woman living in the society unequal between men and women, Jane doesn’t follow the outmoded conventions. She believes men and women are equal even if not in property, but in personality. When Rochester tells Jane that he is going to marry Miss Ingram and he insists that Jane must stay at Thornfield. Jane is angry at it. Let us see how Jane retorts to Rochester’s teasing.“I tell you I must go!” “Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton?––a machine without feelings? And I can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my lips? Do you think I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless?In fact you think wrong!––I have as much soul as you, and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty. and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you .I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh; it is my spirit that addressed your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal,—as we are!”(Bronte, 2002:396) Rochester understands fully and esteems her. Jane still maintains self-control and clear-headed when she becomes Rochester’s fiancée. She wants to protect her honor and independence. When Rochester buys diamond necklace, bracelet, ring, etc., which means to bind her, she refuses those gifts and reminds her, “I shall continue to act as Adele’s governess; by that I shall earn my board and lodging, and thirty pounds a year besides.” (Bronte, 2002:423) Thus she is such a person who regards her dignity sacredly and inviolably. Jane seeks for happiness and love, but she does n’t think love is supreme. She can throw away traditions to follow love, but she will never sacrifice her dignity and independence for the reason of love. Obtaining equality in life is Jane's ambition. It is equality that makes her love Rochester with all of her heart and soul; also it is equality that makes her leave Rochester with her disappointment and distress. Life is hard to Jane.On their wedding day, a secret is exposed that Rochester has a mad wife locked for several years, and then Jane resolutely gives up Rochester and is determined not to be a mistress. Jane's ambition, of course, forbids her to accept the unequal position of being the mistress of someone’s husband. She has her self-respect and must keep her nobility. Being an illegal mistress benefits her nothing but reduces her virtue and demoralizes her personality. Then she would have to depend on Rochester and lose her quality, independence and freedom. So she chooses the distress of leaving Rochester to realize her pursuit.3.2 The marriage pursued by women must be based on true loveAt that time, women were first customarily dependent on their parents then upon husbands. Their parents tried their best to choose good husbands for their daughters.The choices of husbands and fates were determined by men’s social position s and properties, rather than personalities and sincere emotions. Usually, women’s rationa l consideration triumphed over their personal interests. A problem raises in the novel is the position of a woman in society. Jane Eyre, the heroine of the novel, maintains that women should have equal rights with men. When she decides to leave her love, she is very sad. But Jane will feel unpeaceful if she does not leave and stays with Rochester as a lover. And she would not be her cousin’s wife without love. It is very easy to choose one’s own love in today’s England. But it is not so easy to do it in the 18th and 19th century England.Jane thinks that it is a glorious thing to have the hope of living with him and being his wife. Jane loves him with her whole heart. They have a meeting of the mind. But in that social background, people pay too much attention to property, rank and status. If the disparity is great, a pair of lovers would suffer disagreement with their families and their friends. Mrs. Fairfax, one of Rochester’s servants, is very surprised and feels puzzled that her master is madly clinging to Jane. In their opinion, Blanche Ingram, who is a typical representative of the rich class, is so beautifu1, rich and has the same high social position. She is regarded as Thornfield wife of Rochester in the future by most people. She is the ideal wife of Rochester. If Rochester marries Ingram, it is natura1．Because in that society，people’s sense of love is on the basis of money. In their eyes，money is everything，money is marriage. For the sake of money they can marry anyone even though the husband or the wife is an idiot. So the marriage between Rochester and Ingram is fair and reasonable．In their opinion, Jane is an ordinary looking woman without wealth, so she can never match Rochester. But with the development of the plot，Miss Ingram is proven to be a loser．Rochester is deeply attracted by Jane and gives up Ingram. Jane defeats her though Jane has no property and beauty. Jane’s plainness，poverty, position and disposition are contrasted to Ingram’s obviously. Jane is kind，intelligent, sympathetic and thoughtful, while Ingram’s minds is poor and hypocritica1.She has no sympathy at al1. She plans to marry Rochester only because of Rochester’ s property，Ingram tries her best tofascinate Rochester again and again，unfortunately，she falls again and again. Jane is fully aware of it．She witnesses “repeated failure s”．The party is the climax of the novel and the essence of the book. At the party，Jane’s victory is complete. According to her beautiful personality and the strength of her noble spirit，Jane drives those aristocrats away from competitive stages．High position and great wealth shows by the noble class are put aside．Jane gets glorious victory．The marriage pursued by women must be based on true love. She distains the money and hunt marriage, and looks down upon her artificial and hypocritical manners.The way she gets to know Rochester well is talking with him, observing him and getting agreements with him. She falls in love with Rochester not at the first sight but after a fairly long time of acquaintance. Before she completely knows Rochester Jane only takes him as the master and an object for talking. Every time she talks with him, her attitude to Rochester changes. Through communicating with each other by their minds, they gradually come to a harmony in spirit. Jane thinks, “The ease of his manner freed me from painful restraint; the friendly frankness, correct as cordial，with which he heated me, drew me to him. I felt at times as if he were my relation rather than my master: yet he was imperious sometimes still; but 1 did not mind that.”(Bronte, 2002:225) This is Jane's revelation of true feeling to Rochester. Only when Jane understands Rochester, can she appropriately analyse and accept Rochester’s character. Understanding each other and getting harmonious in spirit，the solid base of their true love. Jane loves Rochester’s value as a man, instead of his properties, social and family status. So, whether Rochester is a rich person in the upper-class society, or is afflicted with calamity and becomes totally-blinded disabled man; whether Jane is a poor and plain governess in Thornfield, or she becomes a rich heiress in one night. Nothing can change her steadfast love for Rochester.After leaving Rochester’s home, Thornfield Hall, Jane walks and travels without any aim. She lives in hunger and cold. As she roams about a whit cross, she is nearly dead because she suffers terrible hardships. St. John helps her and saves her life. St John wants to marry Jane and takes her to India with him. Although he is a little。

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Jane Eyre--a female image against social pressure withrebellion and independenceJane Eyre is a piece of autobiographical fiction. It is Charlotte. Bronte’s first novel published in 1849. The novel creates a female image who is against social pressure with rebellion and independence.Feminist criticism comes in many forms, and feminist critics have a variety of goals. Some have been interested in rediscovering the works of women writers overlooked by a masculine-dominated culture. Others have revisited books by male authors and reviewed them from a woman's point of view to understand how they both reflect and shape the attitudes that have held women back.1A number of contemporary feminists have turned to topics as various as women in postcolonial so-cieties, women's autobiographical writings, lesbians and literature, womanliness as masquerade, and the role of film and other popular media in the construction of the feminine gender.Among hundreds of writings in the world, Jane Eyre stands out and gives us a vivid impression.Sun Weimin, argued in her article that, the classic Jane Eyre tells the heroine of independent self-esteem, the pursuit of personal equality, love the story of single-minded dedication2. Her tireless pursuit of the tireless spirit of the character of equality is respected, her contempt for the wealth of the gas stunning proudly, her single-minded dedication and fearless love the concept of moving. However, Jane Eyre's inner existence of the inferiority complex of a taboo. Jane Eyre goes beyond the inferiority complex which highlights of her charisma.Charlotte Bronte is one of the representatives of female literature in 19th English Literature. Women in her novel all bear various oppressions from feudalistic concepts1Ross C Murfin . Feminist Readings: French Texts/American Contexts. Special issue, Tale French Studies 62 (1981). 4662Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2003.to some extent. As a result, they all share a common feature-very strong self-consciousness. Through the analysis of the two heroines in Jane Eyre, we can see that women with different characters would have different endings in the process of pursuing happiness. Only those who are really independent in personality and thoughts can know how to struggle for happiness, and education is the key to this social issue.Huang Xingjun, showed his opinion in the article, that Jane Eyre is a female hero full of passion against unfairness all the way. Bronte, Charlotte showed her attitude towards life through Jane Eyre3, that women are equal to men, which people turned to ignore on purpose. It is the first time that people begin to care about women and their life in literature. As a result, hundreds of themes referred to female come into being. The topic draws people’s attention forever.Jane Eyre is written by famous talented English critical realist woman novelist Charlotte Bronte in 1846. Although having more than 152 years by now, it is popular with lots of people because of the heroine —Jane Eyre.As an English idiom goes, “Beauty is but skin-deep”4, like Wang Wenhui argued in the article. A person’s great virtue, a noble soul, a beautiful heart can be called as an everlasting beauty. T he thesis focuses on the analysis of Jane Eyre’s beauty, on the assumption that more people may act like “Jane” and possess inner beauty5. First, it introduces the author Charlotte Bronte and Jane Eyre’ path of life, as well as its historical background of this work. Second, it mainly analyses the characters in Jane Eyre through her life experience in terms of psychology, language, mentality, behavior and so on to reflect the theme. Third, it is about Jane’s love. It express Jane’ longing and pursuit for the most beautiful characteristic of human beings, which enlighten us greatly. Finally, it has a discussion about Jane’s personalities and concludes that Jane is a beautiful feminist.It is filled with love, passion and reason, and maintains its unique artistic charm6. 3Huang Xingjun, The endless love in Jane Eyre, Journal of Mudanjiang University,2009:44Gaskell Elizabeth. The Life of Charlotte Bronte. Harmondsworth: Penguin Press 1975.5Merryn Willians. Woman in the English Novel[M]. Beijing: Business Printing House, 1984.6Oates, Joyce Carol. Introduction. Jane Eyre. New York: Bantam Books, 1987: 5-14.This thesis analyzes some major characters in the novel and takes a lot of examples to show the author’s meaning and reflect the theme. This kind of description makes the figure a real person with blood and flesh. It also reflects the author’s resistant spirit. The Heroine of Jane Eyre, a plain and little girl, lives under traditional pressure to pursue for independence and love loyalty. This thesis analyzes her personality. Under her adamancy and self-respect, she literally has got a fiery heart for her love. Furthermore, the thesis tells us the Heroine’s love standpoint that the love should rely on the independent economy and should be equal in their spirit for both the lovers.Griffin Keedy argued in the article Character Analysis of the Icon Jane Eyre that Jane Eyre is a new Woman7. This beloved character, Jane Eyre, represented a new woman of sorts for the Victorian Era. However, this is due to her narrative positioning and her words more than her actions as it is so often the plot undermines her narration and the overall progression defies the desires she inspired in her readers.Feminism has been a prominent and controversial topic in writings for the past two centuries, said Clarke, Michael M8. In Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre the main character, Jane Eyre, explores the depth at which women may act in society and finds her own boundaries in Victorian England. As well, along with the notions of feminism often follow the subjects of class distinctions and boundaries.There is an ample amount of evidence to suggest that the tone of Jane Eyre is in fact a very feminist one and may well be thought as relevant to the women of today who feel they have been discriminated against because of there gender. At the beginning of the 19th century, little opportunity existed for women, and thus many of them felt uncomfortable when attempting to enter many parts of society. The absence of advanced educational opportunities for women and their alienation from almost all fields of work gave them little option in life: either becomes a house wife or a governess. Although today a tutor may be considered a fairly high class and intellectual job, in the Victorian era a governess was little more than a servant who was paid to share her scarce amount of knowledge in limited fields to a child. With7Griffin Keedy. Character Analysis of the Icon Jane Eyre. Jane Eyre. Penguin Classics Publishing, 2010:108Clarke, Micael M. Bronte's Jane Eyre and the Grimms Cinderella. SEL: Studies in English Literature 2000little respect, security, or class one may certainly feel that an intelligent, passionate and opinionated young woman such as Jane Eyre should deserve and be capable of so much more. The insecurity of this position, being tossed around with complete disregard for her feelings or preferences, is only one of many grueling characteristics of this occupation. However for Jane to even emerge into society, becoming a governess seemed the only reasonable path for her.Zhong Baiyan said in her article that Feminism lays stresses on the sexual equality and affirms women's value9. The thesis mainly discusses the character of the heroine in Charlotte Bronte famous novel Jane Eyre. The article successfully creates Jane Eyre-a female image of a new tape of petty bourgeoisie, describing her struggle for independence and equal love. The thesis just analyzes Jane' s rebellious characteristics through three periods of her experience: 1.In her childhood, she has shown her rebellious spirit; 2. When she studies at Lowood, her rebellious spirit is exposed further; 3. As a tutor in Thornfield Hall, Jane falls in love with Rochester-her master.Jane Eyre was a very common-looking girl who had no charming appearance and no wealth. But as the little woman had said, “Do you think, because I am poor, obsecure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!”Though God had not given her beauty and wealth, God gave her a kind mind instead. Living under the rude treatment of Mrs. Reed, she wanted to cast off; facing the mistreatment of teachers and the unpleasant living condition, Jane tried to resist the traditional teaching; falling in love with Mr. Rochester, she sought the equality of spirit10. Bronte created a heroine alienating from the Victorian ideal image of womanhood. Jane’s peculiar character made her to be one of the most popular figures in the literature works.Reference:9Zhong Baiyan. Jane Eyre the symbol of Feminism. HUAZHANG,2008 (23)10Jameson Fredric. The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 1981.1.Ross C Murfin . Feminist Readings: French Texts/American Contexts. Special issue, Tale French Studies 62 (1981).2. Bronte, Charlotte.Jane Eyre[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2003.3. Huang Xingjun, The endless love in Jane Eyre,Journal of Mudanjiang University,20094. Gaskell Elizabeth. The Life of Charlotte Bronte. Harmondsworth: Penguin Press 1975.5. Merryn Willians. Woman in the English Novel[M]. Beijing: Business Printing House, 1984.6. Oates, Joyce Carol. Introduction. Jane Eyre. New York: Bantam Books, 1987: 5-14.7. Griffin Keedy. Character Analysis of the Icon Jane Eyre. Jane Eyre. Penguin Classics Publishing, 2010:108. Clarke, Michael M. Bronte's Jane Eyre and the Grimms Cinderella. SEL: Studies in English Literature 20009. Zhong Baiyan. Jane Eyre the symbol of Feminism. HUAZHANG, 2008 (23)10. Jameson Fredric. The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 1981.11.Kaplan, Carla. Girl Talk: Jane Eyre and the Romance of Women's Narration.NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction 30.112.Charlotte Bronte. Jane Eyre [M]. Yili People’s Pre ss，2001.13. Fan Cunzhong. History of English Literature [M]. Sichuan People'sPress，1983.14. Wang Shouren. Selected Readings in British Literature [M]. HigherEducation Press，2001.15. Yang Jingyuan. Study on Bronte Sisters [M]. China Social Science Press,1983.。