抽象与具体译法

中国人的思维方式和西方人不同,西方人喜欢抽象,长于分析;而中国人喜欢具体,长于综合。

由于风俗和语言上的差异,西方人习惯使用含有抽象意义的词语表达思想。

此类句子在译成中文时如果处理不当,译文就会晦涩难懂,很别扭。

因此,在进行英汉翻译时,应注意汉语习惯,对句子或词语进行妥善处理,力求使译文流畅、准确,使隐形的信息具体化、概括化。

1.将抽象名词(或代词)具体化西方人在英语中经常使用抽象的概念来表示具体事物。

在英语译为汉语的过程中,大多数情况下,将抽象化为具体,有助于提高译文质量。

1)I have too much to tell you and don't know what to begin with.我有许多话要对你说,却不知道从何说起。

(原句中的much译为“许多话”,使译文流畅。

)2)Was ever such nonsense written?这样荒唐的东西有人写过吗?(nonsense“胡说八道、废话”在句中被译为“荒唐的东西”,译得恰到好处。

)3)The workshop director issued a communication outlining the details of the work to be done on the shutdown and safety rules to be followed during the work.车间主任签发了一份通知,概括了停机期间的工作项目以及工作中要遵守的安全规则。

(communication意为“通讯、联络、传达”,译文中转译成“通知”,保持上下文自然通顺。

)4)You may have something of Roosevelt,something of a Newton in yourself;you may have something very much greater than either of these men manifested waiting your help to give it expression.你或许有罗斯福的才能,牛顿的智慧,你或许具有比他们两人更加伟大的本领,在等待着你将它表现出来。

(句中三个something分别被译为“才能”、“智慧”、“本领”,充分展示出该词在特定的场合的丰富内涵。

)(5)The need for engineers who can view the whole area of engineering,wide and complicated as it is ,as a single of field of operation of a few laws and methods has increased.人们已经越来越感到需要这样的工程师,他们能够把全部工程领域视为应用几个基本定律和方法的一个整体,尽管工程学科的全部领域是既复杂又浩瀚。

(句中it指 the whole area of engineering,译文将it译得具体些,句意更加明确。

)2.将“浓缩”的信息展开说透东西方人思维方式不同,西方人常把众多信息凝聚于一个短语或句子加以阐述,喜欢“浓缩”信息,而中国人则趋向于化整为零,将信息逐点铺开说清、说透。

1)If I were rich ,I should do so.As it is,I do nothing.如果我有钱,我就这样做。

但实在太穷,就什么也做不成了。

(如果将as it is译为“事实上;即使如此”,译文就显得笼统含糊,译得具体些,意思就很明确了。

)2)He is a brilliant scholar and is everywhere recognized as such.他是个很有才华的学者,到处都公认他很有学问。

(句中的as such意为“像这样的人”,译文具体化之后,句意更加清楚。

)3)The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.由于距离偏远、交通设施缺乏,乡村与外界隔绝,这种隔绝因信息媒体不足,变得更加严重。

(译文将浓缩在一个英语句子中的若干信息铺开,逐点具体交待,语言清晰顺畅。

)4)When seeds drop into rubble instead of rich soil,those with vitality never despair or sigh,because they can steel themselves in resistance.种子不落在肥土而落在瓦砾中,有生命的种子决不会悲观和叹息,因为有了阻力才有磨练。

(将instead of译为“不落在”,原因从句前后呼应,译文简洁而富有哲理。

)5)Electronic-cash cards cut the cost of handling physical currency and banks can earn a small fee from every transaction,whereas purchases with notes and coins net them nothing.电子现金卡降低了处理实在货币的费用,所以银行可以从每笔交易、转帐中赚取一小笔费用,而用纸币或硬币做交易却不能给他们带来任何利润。

(译文的后半句翻译得实在而又具体,尤其是net them nothing处理得恰到好处。

)3.运用概括法避免逐词硬译英语中还有的句子虽然其字面意义明确,但是如果硬译,使逐词对号入座,译文就显得累赘繁琐,拖泥带水。

相反,如果能稍加概括,却令人感到耳目一新。

1)We honored him for what he is,not for what he has .我们尊重的是他的人格,而不是他的财富。

(句中what he is和what he has分别译为“人格”与“财富”,看上去笼统,实际上更加概括精炼。

)2)For generations coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy sources used to transport men from place to place.煤和石油几十年以来(译文用“交通运输”概括transport men from 一直被认为是交通运输的主要能源。

place to place,避免一般性的冗长文字,使译文更加流畅。

)3)You mustn't go to the station to meet the foreign guests as you are.你不能就这样到车站去迎接外宾。

(译文将as you are概括为“就这样”,比硬译成“像你现在的样子”,貌似抽象,实则更符合汉语习惯,更灵活。

)4)The inferior goods were sold on the basis of clever packaging and astute advertising.那些劣质商品是靠巧妙的包装和狡诈的广告卖出去的。

(on the basis of意思是“以……为基础”,译成一个“靠”字,概括得简洁又传神。

)5)This has been my life,I have found it worth living,and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.这就是我的人生。

我觉得它值得,若有可能,我愿欣然再度过此生。

(译文分别运用概括化与具体化的翻译技巧,将文字处理得充满诗意。

)由此可见,英汉两种语言结构、词汇的内涵和外延都存在着差异,在把英语译成既充分体现英语原文含义,又符合汉语表达习惯的中文过程中,必须根据它们之间的差异,恰如其分地实行抽象与具体的转换。

一词一字之差,显示出对原文内涵理解的功力,决非一蹴而就的肤浅文字。

具体译词法1.My uncle remembered me in the letter of my father.2.My uncle remembered me on my birthday3.My uncle remembered me in his will.4.transportationTransportation isn’t sufficient.Advertisement propaganda translation government family class committee press retirement very timid very strong keep quiet Speed upBe full of anxiety and worryA great and thorough-going changeVery anxious to return homeHave not cut off relations completely5.We are all greatly moved by his loftiness.6.The publishing house has to take the readability of the novel intoconsideration.7.More and more people have realized the necessity of learning computer.8.His arrogance sent him into isolation and helplessness.9.The dancing hall was filled with gayety.10.Her jealousy is the cause of her failure.11.Many changes take place during the transformation.12.Her indifference kept all the visitors away from the exhibition hall.13.The black people were fighting against the segregation of thegovernment.14.The crime sent him into notoriety.15.John’s lightheartedness, however, did not last long.16.Maybe her real basic weakness might be some form of kindness.17.in a tone of great kindness18.Tell me, Rebecca, did I ever do anything but kindness?19.He that has once done you kindness will be more ready to do you anotherthan he whom you yourself have obliged.20.He has a children heart.21.He questioned the wisdom of her going there with them.抽象译法一.词组1.make fish of one and flesh of another2.like sb.’s boots3.Stick to one’s last4.Keep sth. under one’s hat5.Eat one’s heart out6.Be in sb’s pocket7.Be in irons8.Wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve9.Put one’s cards on the table10. eat like a bird11. catch forty winks12. break the ice13. jump out one’s shin14. get cold fear15. walk in air16. get the green light17. mend one’s fences18. poke one’s nose into二.句子1.I was practically on my knees but he still refused.2. The two sisters were usually in agreement on most issues, but they were at sword’s points at the matter of abortion.3. He is a rolling stone. I don’t think he can lay up any money.4. Since I got the news at the second hand, I took it with a grain of salt.5. I must bare my heart to someone, or I shall go mad.6. I’ll break my neck to get this done by Friday, but I cannot promise for sure.7. By this means she cast in a bone between the wife and the husband.8. He thinks by all this fast talking and flattery he can pull the wool over her eyes.9. The matter was finally settled under the table.10. The society held its meeting behind closed doors.11. He earns scarcely enough to keep body and soul together.12. I have no head for music.13. Please don’t wake a sleeping dog.14. You can always fall back on him when you are in difficulty.15. This testimony puts。

合集下载

词义的确定以及引申-抽象化与具体化 xzb

词义的确定以及引申-抽象化与具体化  xzb

Over the past hundred odd years, the Chinese people have gone through storm and stress, and in the course of vigorous struggle they have accomplished a great historic transformation.
词义的确定和引申—抽象化与具体化
1.词义的确定
英汉翻译是快速提高英语能力的一种重要手段,但英语单词普遍存在一词多义、 一词多类的现象,这给英汉翻译造成了极大的困扰。其中语境在词义确定的过 程中起着非常重要的作用,在确定词义的过程中,英语学习者应该充分考虑原 文所涉及的语法、上下文、背景知识和逻辑常识等因素。 在英汉翻译的过程中,词义的确定一直都是学习的难点之一。 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容忠实而通顺地重新表达出来的 活动,通过源语(source language)到目标语(target language)两种语言 形式的有效转换达到交流思想的目的。大体可分为理解、表达和校核三个阶段。 词义包括语法意义和词汇意义两种,其中词汇意义又分为概念意义(即词典对 词下的定义)和关联意义(包括内涵意义、文体意义、情感意义和搭配意义)。 词义的确定一直以来都是英汉翻译研究中的一个重要话题,因为英语和汉语一 样都有一词多义、一词多类的现象。 例如:1. He likes English and mathematics. 2.Do as you like. 3Like charges rebel; unlike charges attract. 4.Very like, he will come tomorrow. 5.Like knows like. 6.He looks like an American. 7.I hope I can speak Putonghua like you do 以上诸例中,like可以分别用作及物动词、不及物动词、形容词、副词、名词、 介词和连词,其词义也不尽相同。

名词的抽象和具体译法

名词的抽象和具体译法
• 开门见山→come straight to the point
• 狗急跳墙→do something desperate • 另一方面,抽象译法也包括带有范畴词的
具体化名词在语言形式上的抽象化译法, 主要是在翻译过程中去掉后面的范畴词, 如:
• 谦虚态度→modesty
• 发展过程→development
3.Her indifference kept all the away from the exhibition hall.
她的冷漠态度把许多参观者挡在展览馆门外。
4.Every life has its roses and thorns.
每个人的生活都有甜有苦。
5.There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in his nature.
从事教学使我的工作进程有了规律, 使我的生活变得丰富多彩,既向我提 出了挑战,也为我提供了不断学习的 机会。
2.The stars twinkled in transparent clarity.
星星在清澈的晴空中闪烁。
3.Public opinion is demanding more and more urgently that something must be done about air pollution.
翻译的具体和抽象
杨鉴琳 李孟云
原文抽象,译文具体
• 英语抽象名词具体化
• 以具体法补充外围语义成分
• 用形象性词语使抽象意义具体化
英语抽象名词具体化
从词类的使用来看, 英语多用名词,有 静,虚,抽象的特点;汉语多用动词, 有动,实,具体的特点。抽象名词中, 有许多为英语所独有,在汉语中很难 找到对应词。因此,在英译汉时,需 要运用词类的转化,意义的引申或加 适当的范畴词使其具体化,以便符合 汉语的习惯。

抽象与具体的翻译

抽象与具体的翻译
Of life of luxury and dissipation Ardent loyalty Be crude and careless Be single-handed in doing sth
2020/1/4
C-t-E Translation
7
•只要你嫁给我,鸡鸭鱼肉,绫罗绸缎,一辈子享受不 尽。 •If you are willing to marry me, you will enjoy the luxuries all your life.
A jolly dog A small potato Hot potatoes A surly dog A work horse
More examples:
2020/1/4
C-t-E Translation
11
具体—抽象
想起年轻时的一些事情,他心里感到甚是欣慰。 It was the memories of his youth that gave
•我们都来自五湖四海。 •We are from all corners of the country.
•不知黄连苦,怎知蜂蜜甜。 •Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet.
2020/1/4
C-t-E Translation
8
具体译法指的是在翻译过程中把原文中抽象 的成分用具体的成分表达出来,从而消除或 降低语言差别给翻译带来的损失,使译文产 生与原文同样的效果。
21
Exercise
这是他们自己的事情,你去插一脚干嘛? 别人家里鸡毛蒜皮的事情你都知道得这么全,真
2020/1/4
C-t-E Translation

汉英翻译基础教程 期末考试总结

汉英翻译基础教程 期末考试总结

第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68)粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves)海阔天空to talk with random(with a vast sea and boundless sky)灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine)纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold)单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse)赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart)无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole)扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath)开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain)大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums)风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking)二.翻译下列句子(1)这是他们夫妻之间的事情,你去插一脚干吗?That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? (2)别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全,真是个顺风耳啊!You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families。

具体译法和抽象译法

具体译法和抽象译法

非常罕见
→once in a blue moon
干苦差事
1
→hold(carry)the baby
2
反应快
3
→think on one’s feet
4
→quick on the trigger
5
保密
6
→keep something under one’s hat
7
05
We should by no means neglect the evaporation of water.
6
顺手牵羊→walk off with something
7
唇枪舌剑→engage in a battle of argument
8
黔驴技穷→at one’s wit’s end
9
I was practically on my knees but he still refused.
我几乎是苦苦哀求,但他依然拒绝。
我们绝不能忽视水的蒸发作用。
All the people were exasperated by his fault-find怒了。
His arrogance sent him into isolation and helplessness.
他的傲慢态度使他孤立无援。
He is a rolling stone I don’t think he can go far.
他是个见异思迁的人,我想他不会有多大出息。
I’ll break my neck to get this done by Friday, but I can’t promise for sure.
我一定会尽最大努力在星期五以前完成此事,但是我不能打包票。

翻译的基本技巧--抽象与具体

翻译的基本技巧--抽象与具体

翻译的基本技巧--抽象与具体翻译的基本技巧——抽象与具体中国人的思维趋向于具象化,而西方人的思维则趋向于抽象化。

中国传统文化的重要特征之一是“尚象”,而西方文化的重要特征之一是“尚思”。

中国人“尚象”的文化传统形成了其偏重具象的思维方式。

而西方人“尚思”的文化传统形成了其偏重抽象的思维方式。

英语常用大量的抽象名词来表达实的概念。

例如:The absence of intelligence is an indication of satisfactory developments.(= No news is good news. )译文:没有消息就是好消息。

英语抽象名词的译法一)由动词抽象而来的的名词译成动词英语中有名词化倾向,即用名词表示动作、行为等有动词表达的意义。

这种词多是动词的同源名词。

如:1)The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement ofthe Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawalfrom occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement ofIsrael' s right to exist.1967年的联合国文件呼吁解决中东冲突,其基础是以色列从被占领的土地上撤退,阿拉伯国家则承认以色列人的生存权。

2) The growing awareness by millions of people oftheir intolerable condition of life had promoted them torevolt.千百万人民日益意识到自己的生活条件不堪忍受,这促使他们起来反抗。

二) 含有动作意义的抽象名词译成动词英语中另一个倾向是许多名词有动词意义或动作意义,这类词汇在译成汉语时通常要译为动词。

如1) She said this with a provocative glance and a gleam of teeth.他说这话时挑衅地看了一眼,还把牙一呲。

名词的抽象译法


3.对于他向你做出这种粗陋无礼的行为,我深感抱歉。 I am sorry for the rudeness of his behavior toward you.
名词的抽象译法
具体名词到抽象名词的转换实则是形象思维到抽象思维的转换。汉语名 词倾向于具体,而英语则倾向于抽象,因此,英译时,在无法保留形象 的情况下,要采取抽象的意译处理,以求双语符号的语义对应,让译文 忠实通顺。
名词的抽象译法
名词抽象译法
成语和习语抽象译法
抽象译法句子翻译
一、名词抽象译法
实例: 实例
Chinese
暴力事件 耐心态度 过敏反应 主要旅游观 光场所
English violence patience allergy
Chinese
隔离政策 紧张局势 不公正现象
English segregation tension injustice the educated Boston
名词的抽象和具体译法
名词的抽象译法
具体名词
张三李四 绫罗绸缎 生米煮成熟饭 木已成舟
抽象名词
-ment -tion -ism -ity -ence
(化实为虚) 化实为虚)
从语义角度出发,汉语中名词倾向于具体,许多表示具体概念的词语 往往有泛指意义或引申意义。翻译时用表示泛指意义的概括词语或表 示引申意义的词语表达。
海阔天空: 海阔天空
单枪匹马: 单枪匹马
二、成语和习语的抽象译法
两袖清风 译文1:clean hands 译文2:free from wrong-doing(or guiltless)
练习: 练习: 灯红酒绿 灌迷汤 dissipated and luxurious butter sb. up 鸟语花香 老古董 a fine spring day

抽象与具体译法

他们的乐观主义精神令我们大为感动。 Their optimism moved us greatly.
会上,两方发生争执,一方拂袖而去。 The two parties fell into fierce dispute. At last one party got up abruptly and walked off in a huff.
静谧的小巷里想起了清脆的自行车铃声。 The crisp jangling of the bicycle rises from the
quite alley.
2020/1/18
Байду номын сангаас
C-t-E Translation
18
他每天要处理许多棘手的问题。 He has many hot potatoes to handle everyday.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
5
抽象译法一方面把比喻形象上较为具体的单词词 组或成语进行抽象概括,如:
开门见山→come straight to the point 狗急跳墙→do something desperate
另一方面,抽象译法也包括带有范畴词的具体化 名词在语言形式上的抽象化译法,主要是在翻译 过程中去掉后面的范畴词,如:
•我们都来自五湖四海。 •We are from all corners of the country.
•不知黄连苦,怎知蜂蜜甜。 •Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
8
具体译法指的是在翻译过程中把原文中抽象 的成分用具体的成分表达出来,从而消除或 降低语言差别给翻译带来的损失,使译文产 生与原文同样的效果。

英译中总结

英译中总结1.具体名词+抽象名词:译“具体”不译“抽象”。

通常形式为the+n.+of+n.Eg:①A number of writers have raised questions the desirability of faster economic growth as an end in itself, at least in the wealthier industrialized countries.译:近年来,不少人或撰文或著书,已经提出质疑:为经济而发展经济,至少在较富裕的国家究竟有无必要?②An economy whose capacity to provide all these things is not expanding is said to have succumbed to the disease of stagnation.译:当某个经济体的这种产出能力不再扩大,人们就认为它遭遇了经济停滞。

③But by increasing the risks of their obsolescence it adds also to their anxiety.译:但是由于更新换代的速度太快,反而使人们倍感焦虑。

④One major risk to stability is the growing imbalance in global payments and the associated market anxiety about the possibility of a disorderly adjustment of the imbalance through sudden changes in exchange rates and global interest rates.译:影响稳定的一个主要风险是全球支付体系的不断失衡,市场随之会担心失衡现象有可能带来通过突然改变汇率和全球利率的无序调整。

《抽象与具体译法》课件

准确传达信息,促进跨文化交 流。
翻译中抽象和具体的平 衡策略
根据具体情况灵活运用,兼顾 准确性和可读性。
七、参考文献
1 -翻译学导论
2 -抽象与具体的翻译问题探析
3 -Translation: An Advanced Resource Book
抽象在翻译中的挑战
如何准确传达抽象概念的 内涵。
三、什么是具体
具体的定义
指的是可触摸、实际存在的事物。
具体在翻译中的优势
更容易被读者理解和接受。
具体的表现形式
如人物、地点、物品等。
四、抽象和具体的翻译
1
抽象和具体的翻译方法
根据语境选择恰当的词语与表达方式。
具体翻译的要点
2
保持原文意义的准确性和直观性。
3
抽象翻译的注意事项
传达抽象概念的内涵,避免歧义。
五、抽象和具体在不同场景下的翻译
科技翻译中的抽象 和具体
如软件界面、用户手册等。
文艺翻译中的抽象 和具体
如诗歌、小说等文学作品。
法律翻译中的抽象 和具体
如合同、法律条文等。
六、总结
抽象和具体的重要性
抽象和具体是翻译中不可或缺 的元素。
翻译中抽象和具体的应 用价值
《抽象与具体译法》PPT 课件
抽象与具体译法PPT课件
一、引言
翻译是什么
将一种语言的表达方式转 化为另一种语言的过程。
翻译的作用
促进跨文化交流,传播知 识与文化。
翻译中的抽象和具体
抽象和具体是翻译过程中 重要的概念。
二、什么是抽象
抽象的定义指的是不具体、不触摸 的事物。抽象的表现形式
如概念、观念、情感等。
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
相关文档
最新文档