英语语法大攻克--英语被动语态讲解及练习

英语被动语态讲解及练习
一、被动语态的用法
（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要提到动作的执行者。

例如：
Paper is made from wood. （纸是由木材生产出来的。

）
（2）需要强调动作的对象时。

例如：
Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. （阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。

）
（3）为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。

例如：
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. （新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。

）二、各种时态的被动语态举例
一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。

为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。

各种时态的被动语态举例如下：
1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned every day. This car is made in China.
2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词
His desk was cleaned just now. The station was built in 1928.
3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory is being built in our city now. Some trees are being cut down in the park.
4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory was being built in our city at that time.
Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
5、一般将来时的被动语态:
(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词
(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.
Some new factories will be built in our city this year.
Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
6、过去将来时的被动语态: (1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词
(2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.
She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.
He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词
Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.
Your watch has been mended already.
8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词
He said that some new factories had been built in the city.
I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .
9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done
例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.
10、在主动语态中，see,watch,notice,look at,hear,listen to,make,have,let等感官动词或使役动词后面的宾补，如果是动词不定式结构，则要省去to，当转换为被动语态时，to 不能省略。

例: We often hear her sing English songs in the evening.
She is often heard to sing English songs in the evening.
注意：当need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。

Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。

The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。

熟记结构
被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词（p．p）”。

被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。

其具体变化为：
一般现在时：am／is／are＋过去分词
一般过去时：was／were＋过去分词
一般将来时：shall ／will be ＋过去分词
现在完成时：have ／has been ＋过去分词
现在进行时：am／is／are＋being＋过去分词
过去将来时：should ／would be ＋过去分词
含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋过去分词例如：
三、主动语态变成被动语态的方法：首先先判断是什么时态。

①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；
②谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。

（有时by短语可以省略）。

注意：含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；
②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。

例如：
①He told us a story．（变被动语态）→We were told a story（by him）．或：A story was told to us by him.
四、练习
1.We shall discuss the problem at tomorrow's meeting.
(提示) the problem -be – discuss
2.Has anybody fed the birds?
(提示) Has anybody - be – feed
3.People will never forget the accident.
(提示) the accident - will be – forget
4.They are repairing the car in the garage.
(提示) the car - be being – repair
5.Someone must have turned on the light without your notice.
(提示) the light - must have - be - turn on
6.They have found ways to make waste water clean.
7.Someone must take care of the children when we go out.
8.They won't hold the meeting until next Friday.
9.You may write this letter in pencil.
10.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.
①Chinese ______ by the largest number of people．
A．speak B．is speaking C．speaks D．is spoken
②The boy ______ to get supper ready after school．
A．were told B．is telling C．was told D．tells
③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China．
A．must B．must be C．has D．have。